Doppler Shift & Sonic Booms | Neil deGrasse Tyson Explains…

What is the doppler effect? Neil deGrasse Tyson, Chuck Nice, and Gary O’Reilly discuss the origins of the doppler effect and how it impacts our daily lives.
Learn about doppler shift and the noise objects make as they come towards you and go away from you. What causes a sonic boom? We discuss different frequencies and the experiments by Cristian Doppler that gave the doppler shift its name.
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Science meets pop culture on StarTalk! Astrophysicist & Hayden Planetarium director Neil deGrasse Tyson, his comic co-hosts, guest celebrities & scientists discuss astronomy, physics, and everything else about life in the universe. Keep Looking Up!
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[@cyprax_o28]

I wished I had Neil as my teacher in my early school days The way he makes seemingly difficult science topics simple and comprehensive

[@janusatthegate6201]

Yes, and fun.

[@XXIII_89]

I wish I had chuck as a teacher. xD

[@markuop]

Yep but that’s because he doesn’t have to teach you how to calculate everything he explains 😂

[@Liebuster24]

​@@janusatthegate6201 I was going to say that ,darn it.🤔

[@Slyeyewalker]

I remember cosmo came out, around the same time of taking high-school physics, and I was learning more once a week on Fox than that whole week in school.

[@NaughtyShepherd]

That imagery at 11:25 of the F/A-18 fighter was of a Vapor Cone, not from breaking the sound barrier. Vapor Cones are a condition of moist air and temperature at transonic speeds. I make this point because it’s often misconstrued that the two events are the same.

[@TheRealSkeletor]

You don't get a visible vapor cone from anything traveling at subsonic speeds, so they are related phenomena.

[@NaughtyShepherd]

@@TheRealSkeletor you’re wrong, I’m a photographer and every airshow I’ve been to with moisture in the air has shown this phenomenon. The fighter jets are not allowed to travel at supersonic speeds during airshows without the permission of the FAA. You don’t have to take my word for it, Google is your friend.

[@Sacrengard]

@@TheRealSkeletor you get vapor cone from subsonic speeds, but still, speeds close to mach 1

[@Sacrengard]

@@NaughtyShepherd the speed needed for the cone is still close enough to speed on sound. And in the clip, you dont know are you cant know it its breaking the speed of sound or not, it has a vapor cone yeah, but that doesnt mean its not breaking the barrier. Just that having the cone is not necessarily a sign for it

[@Liebuster24]

I totally agree with your assessment. I live right at the south end of DFW airport for a while on Valley View Lane. Being fascinated with aircraft anyway I would sit out there and watch them as they came over and if the humidity was high and especially if it was foggy... almost spooky looking the way the fog swirled around the top and back of the plane. I'm not a genius and I don't have much education but I think it has a lot to do with the vacuum the Lord air pressure causes the moisture to become so thick that it becomes more visible because there is just more water there. Someone who knows correct me if I'm wrong but I believe it's totally because of a lord air pressure in certain areas more water vapor out of the air

[@KR-eb4nw]

This was definitely one of the better episodes, the ending just left me wanting more. Great stuff!

[@GameOverFiles]

kzbin.info/www/bejne/mWqceGaipMZrfcU

[@leelarson1952]

Gary is always a nice addition to Neil and Chuck. StarTalk posts combine fun with knowledge. A potent and appreciated combination. Thanks, guys!

[@johnglielmi6428]

My two favorite examples of the Doppler shift are: A train blowing it's horn as it passes by, and Indy cars as they pass as well.

[@seanbatiz6620]

Just had a thought of another great D.E. of when a vicious dog’s barkin’ hysterically as it approaches &, races PAST our foothold location, after something else entirely

[@leelarson1952]

A favorite of mine is high speed jet passes. (At air shows and NOT war zones.)

[@stephanienirenberg7426]

I listen all day to you guys all day. Love Star Talk!

[@Beegee1952]

I saw that Delta plane landing in LAX! I was a Delta F/A for 20 years and landed there many times. There is a parking garage in San Diego that is right under the planes landing. The sound as you stand on the top level is incredible - totally fills you up.

[@rusteshackleferd8115]

Lord Nice's humor is half the reason I love these videos so much.

[@dlerious77]

I want a whole compilation video of Neil doing the sound with as many ridiculous things in it as possible....so funny. Every time Neil made the sound, Chuck laughed...Gary just kinda smirked. I find it so funny.

[@TheSteveBoyd]

I just realized that Chuck is actually the secret sauce of Startalk. As great Neil is at communicating complex ideas, Chuck's humor adds an extra layer of translation to further help us mere mortals understand, and be open to, what is being said. 👍 So here's my question: I'm driving my rocket-powered Corvette at Bonneville, and I SMASH through the sound barrier. From my perspective, can I still hear my engines? Can I hear anything at all, be it from inside the car or from the outside?

[@TheRealSkeletor]

You would only hear any sound coming from in front of you at that point, nothing from behind you, as you are outrunning any sound waves coming from behind. So if it's a rear engine, you wouldn't be able to hear your own engine once you pass the sound barrier.

[@controversial1994]

@@TheRealSkeletor I had the same question, thanks. Further on that, did I understand it correctly that you'll hear a "cacophony" (similar to what you'd hear if you standing by the highway) if the car drives past you?

[@TheRealSkeletor]

@@controversial1994 Yeah, that's a pretty good description for it.

[@controversial1994]

@@TheRealSkeletor Thanks, much appreciated.

[@VoltisArt]

Most of what's said here only applies to the outside air which is flowing past the vehicle faster than sound. The body of the vehicle and the air inside, as well as air in wheel wells and other holes depending on the shape, will be moving more slowly, or not at all, relative to you, the listener. All of these things will transmit sound as expected by Doppler, and you'll definitely hear your engine, no matter what part of the vehicle it or you are inside of. If the top's down, you probably won't hear anything but a sharp ringing, because your eardrums have burst.

[@callumstannard2888]

If you want the Doppler effect at a car race, go to a Formula 1 race, you'll be in Doppler heaven

[@manojlds]

Especially before the current hybrid era. I had goosebumps when I was about couple of kms away from the track complex.

[@An_Iron_God69420]

Neil making these sounds have made my day!

[@usaturnuranus]

Chuck's wit exceeds the speed of sound. That guy is right on cue every time.

[@TimAyro]

The engines are still around 40-60% powered at that In-N-Out. Airliners don't go fully idle until just 20-30 feet above the runway.

[@ScoobyYTP]

Amazing explanation about the Doppler Shift and I love how neil used cars and aircrafts to make examples of how sound works relative to the observer.

[@mortophobegaming6454]

so when you move twice the speed of sound, the sound just goes backward at a normal speed & volume?

[@chaosmarklar]

In the stands at NHRA drag racing is the purest sound and you can actually feel it move left to right across your chest, or right to left

[@mirandaohara9122]

Thanks Neil!!! I enjoy your content so so much!!❤

[@janusatthegate6201]

When cars are all electric will they stop racing, or will it still be needed to test things?

[@janusatthegate6201]

The tires go backward.

[@nHans]

As for the car parts that are stationary, and the train parts that are moving backwards-even though the respective vehicles are moving forward: Neil is, of course, talking about wheels. Specifically, the portion of the wheel that's momentarily in contact with the road or rail is momentarily stationary. And the portion of the train's wheels that are below the region of contact-the flanges-are momentarily moving backward. Assuming, of course, that the vehicle is not skidding! 🤣 But that got me thinking: Surely there are other parts that are moving backward as well? Depending on how they're mounted, it could be portions of: piston / crank / cam shaft, flywheel, fan blade, fan belt, and any number of valves, actuators, gears, rotors, and internal wheels. I've excluded sound waves, air, wiper fluid etc. since they are not car parts.

[@goonshark8668]

You are correct and it all just depends on the reference point from which the observer observes 😮

[@jobmen1992]

I would say the very centre of the wheel, that rotates with 0 speed.

[@mikeorr3333]

There is also a portion of those same wheels that is travelling at twice the speed of the vehicle, relative to ground. This, of course, would be TDC (top dead center for you non-machinists) of the wheel.

[@kilroy1964]

​@@mikeorr3333Yes, and on train wheels, the top exceeds twice the speed of the train.

[@mikeorr3333]

@@kilroy1964 barely due to weight compression of the contact patch of the wheel, right? This is like arguing that fuel at 3.999$/ gal isn't 4$ a gallon

[@Mikaci_the_Grand_Duke]

I think at the end of the video, Neil was talking about the wheels, which are simply rotating but not going forward (or backward). The train type Is the old steam locomotive, which has a 'rod', which turns the main wheel, and it goes once forfards, faster than the train, but after that backwards, and in the next cycle forwards and backwards again. Hovewer, you can't cheat the police with either of those because it is all relative to the moving object. The whole object as a system is still going to move towards the police radar, and it will always be able to measure the speed until you manage to disable the reflection of the radar signs, or you send stronger fake radio waves at similar frequency.

[@madman2096]

The rod does not go backwards but at one point it will be stationary wrt he ground. As is seemingly "goes backwards" it is actually approaching the point where it is stationary.

[@Mikaci_the_Grand_Duke]

@@madman2096 Yes, my description is relative to the moving object, I mentioned that later. At the moment the wheel touches the ground the rod stops relative to the ground, to start speeding up in the next moment.

[@VoltisArt]

What Neil hinted at is not relative to the type of vehicle. The point of the wheels touching the ground or rail is not moving, relative to the ground or rail. (By the same principle, the top of the wheel is moving at exactly double the vehicle speed.) The rims of the train wheel (even those ones they add to service pickup trucks) are moving slightly backward below the active rail surface.

[@markcaesar4443]

Neil, could you possibly do an explainer on "wave drag" and explain why commercial airplanes have effectively had a speed limit of just below the speed of sound implemented on them despite engines becoming more efficient and powerful? Sorry about the run-on sentence.

[@Bughy21]

Yes please

[@jannichi6431]

Boom boom on the no run on, great Q.

[@nilayshekhar999]

good editing guys! we love the more expanatory and visual editing for us

[@tushitchatterjee8383]

Thank you sir for bringing such informative videos to us through these exciting videos ✨... Neeeaaoonn!!

[@shlomohammer5945]

Found it fascinating, and specially that it goes till the speed of sound. Thanks Dr.Tyson

[@neiltopaum]

The part of the tire that is inconstant contact with the ground is not moving forward

[@gp873]

I love watching videos on physics topics from people who are passionate about it. Cant get enough

[@vcoolpool]

I always enjoy these explainer's. Thanks guys

[@5MrRayy5]

This is an amazing episode. It makes me think about the limits and barriers of sound and light. Q&A( tire tread touching the ground )

[@jeremymoses7401]

Its the lower portions of the tires that are moving "in reverse"..... though technically, i think itd be a net zero in movement as it would be the point of contact

[@Hirens.]

Another amazing video!

[@victoriamakoeng4833]

Please do a compliment episode on Acceleration Doppler Effect

[@rich1383yt]

One of the eeriest experiences I had with sound was at the top of an airport garage on the final approach to San Diego airport, where are the planes or just a couple of hundred feet above you. After jets passed close by there would be this roaring noise, and I realized it was the wing tips vortexes (which in jets’ landing figuration are very strong). One of them roared very loudly, and ended with a very loud snap as it broke up that really startled me. It took me a while to figure out what had caused it.

[@kirandeepchakraborty7921]

We need that episode soon....

[@mirandarensberger6919]

Mythbusters did an episode on trying to defeat a radar gun. They didn't find any material you could coat your car with that did the job. Plus, the cops they interviewed pointed out that if they see a car covered in some kind of strange stuff or having unusual things affixed to the roof or something, that is only going to attract their attention more.

[@stonecold007]

So tying the ex up there is not a good idea.

[@marcels.leonard8394]

Tire! That's the answer for your teaser. Love your show. Thank you so much for that.

[@laurafortier9295]

Gary is hilarious. Chuck is too, but he always is. Gary had his coffee this morning.

[@SnakeAndTurtleQigong]

Thanks so much

[@sabyasachikashyap2241]

The background sounds of the cars are 🔥🔥🔥

[@tommy2064]

"I think Chuck is jealous of my doppler shift" It's so funny when Chuck laughs at Neil's sound effects 😂

[@davew5383]

I have been to that In-N-Out burger next to LAX many times, enjoying the burgers and hanging out at the little park across the street enjoying the great views of the airplanes landing at LAX, it's especially awesome when you get to see a 747 or an A380👍🙂 Definitely enjoying those Doppler sounds from those big airplanes arriving and the turbulent air sounds trailing behind them✈👍🙂

[@cjplay2]

That InO on the south runway of LAX was the closest one to my work. They redid the parking lot so the drivethrough could have 20 cars without clogging the road in front of the small park across from it. I got tired after working there for 10 years with the planes landing that I got annoyed with someone holding up the line of cars that I honked at them when they didn't move. I'd gotten used to Airbus 380's and Boeing 747's landing that I didn't care anymore.

[@thetommantom]

That's why you turn slightly depending on the geometry of the streets. Not only do you lengthen the distance and appear to go slower they measure your sideways speed not your forward speed

[@superconnie5003]

Neil can you please do an episode on the missing Malaysian B777.And how Immarsat used the Doppler shift of the pings of the Engine motoring system to determine its final flight path? .Thank you.

[@JustMe-pu3xm]

These guys are great 👍🏾

[@7deepbreaths.sounds]

That hurricane meme is BRUTALLY hilarious....hope that lady is okay tho....🤣🤣🤣LOL @Chuck laughing at Neil's doppler fx🤣

[@raymoundcornett5311]

Question if you were in water and you make a wave and then make a stronger wave behind it that is strong enough to catch it it makes the original wave stronger and faster do sound waves work the same

[@MrT------5743]

Yes, sound waves work the same way. Even light works the same way.

[@Mehrunzebub]

Y'know. Another great example of this is if a motorcycle is coming towards you playing a song on the radio. You'll notice the song, especially if you know it, sounds awful and weird, up until it gets Infront of you and then it gets worse as it goes away and the pitch drops! Wow. Neat to think about it like this now.

[@DieCastoms]

17:36 The contact patch between the tire and the asphalt is not going forward. In relation to the ground it is stationary. In relation to the car it is going backwards, at the same speed at which the car is going forwards in relationship to the ground. The TOP of the tire, at any forward speed, is going forward slightly more than twice the speed in relation to the ground as the car is moving in relation to the ground. the top of the tire is going slightly faster in relation to the CAR than the car is going in relation to the ground.

[@TheKeithterry]

In 2003 at Charlotte Motor Speedway you could have gotten your pure Doppler shift sound. I haven't been to a race in a while, it may be different now.

[@rafaelvasconcellos475]

I would love to see a episode on the science of F1/racing

[@jannichi6431]

Circuit of America, Austin TX remote to Boca Chica. Yeh!💓

[@sparkysparkyboomman761]

Hello Dr. Tyson. Could space crafts be propelled by sound? Enough to where it could make an impact on space travel/maneuverability?

[@VoltisArt]

No. Sound only travels through matter and sound ends when molecules or atoms cannot touch each other directly. No sound is transmitted in the upper limits of the atmosphere, or in space. Residual heat may be radiated by sound interaction, but that effect is not directional enough to propel a vehicle, nor efficient for the amount of work done to produce sound.

[@MaksShap]

The next episode is going to be fire. Let's just say, it'll be where the rubber meets the road.

[@charlietuba]

My mother lives near that In-N-Out. She lives near LMU. That is where I grew up in the 1960s and 1970s before the In-N-Out was there.

[@LuLU-ep7wf]

I wish you were my teacher when I was young. Thanks.

[@stevemccoy6434]

Just accept Neil as you current teacher and research as much of his content as you can 😉

[@PurifiedGamers]

Neil. Please do an explainer on "Why it is Hard to detect earthquake". Please.❤

[@jonathonpoloski917]

They don't do that at every track. Atlanta motor speedway is one of the fastest tracks, and now, they have the same rules as Daytona so they're going the same speeds, it's a wonderful sound to really experience. And than, you can hear the cars engine noise bouncing through the infield off of other things, buildings, haulers, hearing THAT specific sound is so weird, you can't pinpoint where the sound is coming from until you've experienced it for a few times.

[@Derek_C]

Buys Ballot was also 'the guy' who worked out that, if, in the northern hemisphere, you stand with your back to the wind - low atmospheric pressure is always on your left. Prior to weather radar and weather forecasts this was most important to sailors & aviators.

[@Douglaspicker]

I have a suggestion/question(s). An episode based on the view from Mars while on Mars and other benefits of living/working on the red planet. Could Mars also be used to build and launch light sails or give us more access to our outer planets with a large land based telescope? Less gravity and open space for lasers would give it some advantages. I'm also curious about why we didn't explore the idea of landing a fixed object onto Oumuamua. If we can land objects on a comet what's the difference of adding say a video feed and tracker onto a interstellar object with a lander module?

[@MrT------5743]

Well in order to land on anything without just smashing into it. We would need to match its speed and direction pretty close. We have nothing currently that could have matched Oumuamua speed and direction.

[@KoRntech]

We tune 10-20 khz to receive low earth orbiting amateur radio satellites and the ISS, and tune down as it approaches and continue tuning below their transmit frequency until Loss of signal because of that earth curvature.

[@leedogification]

I'm assuming the part of the tire that's in contact with the road at any given time is not going forwards.

[@i_smoke_ghosts]

thank you gentlemen. love yas.

[@devroombagchus7460]

As always, Thanks! Just a question, is the little man in space in the intro Neil ?

[@mikewalter9108]

I like how melody sheep can make Neil & all the other astronomers sing while talking. I really enjoy these videos. They are funny.

[@billizmen]

Is there any study of Dopler effect at supersonic speeds? Sounds nice to see what happens

[@jenniferlabathe5117]

13:14 Neil Missed it! Gary set him up perfectly. "Buys Ballot"! Ahhhhhh. That would have been Perfect.

[@ashwinnambakam7656]

It's the wheels, or rather some points on each wheel/tire that are at the bottom and about to rotate back up... they move backwards momentarily.

[@ozgurkaratas6803]

08:55 that's gotta be the first stereo 😀

[@chemistrywithm.m3977]

Nice!

[@HeavyladenExistance]

Neil and Chuck is epic.

[@rafyvele]

The crankshaft inside the engine is spinning, therefore one side is going faster than the car, but the opposite side is going slower. Something similar happens with the tires. The part that is in contact with the road goes at 0MPH and the top at 2x the speed of the car.

[@mackymintle7806]

I used to lay on a grassy street divider that used to be where they built that In and Out… snd film jets landing directly over me. 😊

[@MWPompert]

Another great example of what sound a plane makes just by gliding through the air is the Space Shuttle, most landing footage from Kennedy Space Center had great audio of the Shuttle, in the past i would think where is the jet fighter flying overhead but no it was just the Shuttle sound :)

[@VoltisArt]

Throw a brick fast enough and you should be able to replicate that sound. ;)

[@user-tc1fw5ms5s]

Ironically Gary's bad joke created a very funny moment, therefore Gary should tell more jokes because it adds to the humor big time haha

[@What_Other_Hobbies]

The portion of tires on on the ground is not moving at all.

[@squeekycheese]

Thank you for explaining Sheldon's Halloween costume.

[@cronistamundano8189]

We always learned in high school about doppler effect with the sound of Ambulances

[@nHans]

Which is wrong because sirens _don't_ demonstrate the Doppler effect. Siren on emergency vehicles-ambulances, police cars, fire trucks etc.-do _not_ emit sound at a constant frequency. They are specifically designed to continuously vary their pitch, tone, and overall sound pattern in order to grab everybody's attention. So, regardless of whether it's stationary or moving relative to you, you're going to hear the siren's pitch change constantly. It's _not_ due to the Doppler effect. And yet, so many people mistakenly use ambulance sirens as an example of Doppler shift. Sad 😢.

[@cronistamundano8189]

@@nHans yes the pitch changes as well, because averything is subject to doppler effects. I live in a enormous city where one airport is far away from where most people live, and another is one where the aproach is made over sea. Couldnt use that as an example kzbin.info/www/bejne/n57SqXeZo5eGndE

[@stevemccoy6434]

@@nHans you are confused nHans and spreading misinformation. Moving sirens are affected by Doppler Shift. I understand what you mean; siren pitches vary purposely but those patterned sequences are affected as a whole as the siren approaching is higher in general pitch and lower as it leaves or moves away from the listener. Please apologize for misunderstanding and misinforming anyone else you have made this reply to.

[@stevemccoy6434]

@nHans was confused and misinformed you in his reply. You learning about Doppler Shift with an ambulance siren as an example is fine as long as you understand the shift of its pitch as it approaches then passes and goes away is the affected sound of the siren due to Doppler Shift. Good day!

[@cronistamundano8189]

@@stevemccoy6434 Nevermind that. I wish there were more kind people like you in the internet nowadays - the problem is is my city that was the only sound loud enough and common enough to be used as an example. Apollogies very well accepted!

[@scottevans8071]

its sad that you dont understand that the speakers are not there to reproduce the car sounds.... there are no mics from car sounds going to the on track speakers... I can say this with confidence because I have worked for NASCAR directly, specifically doing things involving sound the cars are so loud, that you will hear all the dopplars from all of the cars all at once.. this masks the actual dopplar sound so it will sound like one giant roar...they become indistinct the gaint roar is even louder if you are in the infield as it gets compounded by being reflected off the walls

[@YuriChan-428]

5:27 Then I recommend a rally event! Those are as authentic and raw as possible! Just don't stand too close to a turn or a jump, that is not safe!

[@toddmerrill7948]

The part of the car/train that isn’t moving is the contact patch of the tire at any given instant

[@FullOfSunflowerSeeds]

Does sound accelerate or is it instantly “the speed of sound”?

[@EdwardHowton]

Sound's a vibration in a medium. If you shout, your vocal chords make the air jiggle, which makes the air around it jiggle, all the way to someone's ear which has a membrane that jiggles and gets decoded by your brain as a sound. Sound isn't a thing in and of itself; there's no sound waves in space because there's nothing there to vibrate. If you string up two cans together, the vibration gets carried through the string. People in space can talk to each other by putting their helmets together so the glass vibrates. So the 'speed of sound' is the speed at which the vibration gets pushed along in air. The _matter_ can be moving but the _sound_ is a thing generated by motion at a certain threshold, so your question doesn't make sense. Which is fine; now you know.

[@josephmatuszak3855]

Go over drifting next!!! The science in the steering geometry and unique corner G's is enuf alone! Let alone how the suspension is made to continue to accelerate when sideways!

[@imdoctorsan]

That part moving backwards is part of the wheels.

[@Morganstein-Railroad]

The part of the car that is not moving forwars must be the part of the tyre that is in contact with the road.

[@willmo1725]

The doppler effect. Great video Dr. Did you see the movie " 65 " no spoilers, but the iew of the asteroid that killed the dinosaurs was pretty damn cool. Just wondered what you thought. I would have prefered that part of the story be more, central. Still seeing the asteroid pretty neat.

[@jannichi6431]

Come do a follow up remote in Austin at Circuit of America's then Boca Chica! Formula too! plus good musical guests. Big DeGrass-Tyson fans as still allowed to share teachings in classrooms🚀

[@AndreasA.S.]

wheels. contact point is 0, opposite side is *2 forward vehicle velocity. the tires would break sound barrier at only half the speed of sound of the rest of the vehicle.

[@johnstilwagen193]

What would it take to break the speed of sound under water?

[@MrT------5743]

1500 meters/sec. Just a faster speed is all.

[@vvrroomm68]

Indy 500 1976. I was 8 years old riveted by the Doppler shift at high volume of the race cars screaming past with that 💥 the moment they passed in front of my ears, with the vibration passing through my whole body. Speakers at Daytona sounds very disappointing.

[@seanbatiz6620]

Per NdGT’s ending teasers, of the train part, I’m guessing this one part of said locomotive, that’s actually going in reverse (typically) whilst the rest of it’s traveling forward, would be this locomotives’ conductors’/engineers’ bathroom on board, as those are, aside from being RIDICULOUSLY TINY, typically oriented with its itty-bitty doorway, facing rearwards, at the “head” of engine operating cabin, that’s usually accessed at a lower hight then floor of operating cabin, down a step or two…. Now, per NdGT’s car teaser, I’ll guess that of what isn’t moving, of an otherwise moving vehicle, may have something to do with “net force” - the vector sum of all forces? Idk

[@jakemcgough5121]

Now I love Chuck!!! F1 fan ^_^

[@FromTheShadows66]

I actually got to experience the doppler effect at the Kansas speedway as three come at you and pass by

[@Cinnabuns2009]

So the thing that occurs when we break the sound barrier that we can see with moisture in the air blasting like a wall being traversed, what will occur when we succeed in breaking the light barrier? Light will be blue shifted in front, red shifted behind, like it is with galaxies and then... what? Do we have mathematics that describes this effect or have we used photon waves subbed in to sound wave equations?

[@VoltisArt]

This is when the calculator displays "Error." We have no specific equations for proving this because nothing breaks the speed of light. You can only change the medium to something in which light travels faster, or find a wormhole-style shortcut that eliminates the distance between two points. The blue and red shift you describe is observed in very fast travel but less than the speed of light. Red and blue shift are the Doppler effect's pitch change translated into to radiation frequencies. They're how we know the universe is expanding. The imaginary situation where we could break that speed, however, goes far beyond red and blue shift. All light is seen in front of you - total white-out and no objects can be distinguished. (You're also bombarded by unseen radiations.) Behind you is only black, as no light can catch up to you. This is simplified, but the basic idea as I've heard it presented by some of Neil's fellow physicists.

[@michaelccopelandsr7120]

HEY NEIL! I need help with my new years resolution. I've figured out how to change the stars by stopping hurricanes. What I mean is, for stopping hurricanes, I get 7 things and one of those 7 things is to change the stars. My idea for changing the stars includes Orion and Pleiades (Subaru). I figure it's time to put something up there that's relevant to us, don't you think? Take Orion's belt and Betelgeuse becomes the head with a baseball hat. Below the belt are two legs bending at the knee. The feet aligning perfectly under the bent knees. The 3 stars of Orion's belt align perfectly as the 3 fat belt loops on a baseball uniform. The spear pointing at "Subaru" is the bat being swung and "Pleiades" is the baseball flying away after being hit. Put it all together and you get, "THE ALL-STAR." In my case I drew a 7 on the jersey to make him, "Mickey," but you can put any number you want. I really have figured out how to change the stars by stopping hurricanes. Don't worry, I've technically already done the easy part and changed the stars. My parents were teachers and for over 3 decades, they taught their students my constellation. Those kids will teach their kids. So on and so on. See, stars changed. I just need help to make it legit and with the rest. No, I'm not kidding. Yes, I'm serious. Figured Neil has taken on the IAU and won, he can help. If, rather when, my idea for stopping hurricanes works it could be converted to a larger scale and EASILY regulate temperature, end drought, stop wildfires. It'd be wrong of me to not, at least, try. This is me, trying. Will you please reach out to me and let me know that your interested in helping to stop hurricanes and change the stars? Thank you and don't worry, where I come from, crazy is a compliment. ;-P

[@jamiboothe]

There is flex in the components of most machines. Unless you invent a device that starts and stops every atom in the in the assembly within the same time reference, all of those individual atoms will be crashing into one another, and pulling apart from one another, on the scales that we design them to handle. However, I am very curious about this stuff, and happy to be wrong and learn whatever i can.

[@michealhoey5152]

Mercury vortex engine can you please speak About this

[@lavennaidoo5901]

I was just talking to my kids about sonic booms this week and why doesn't the Flash make a sonic boom every time he runs faster than sound

[@mr.e8226]

is it the fumes from the tailpipe that are not going forward with the car? I guess if you know the frequencies of of the pings that radar speed detectors operate at, you can try to detect the phase of that signal and try to cancel it out by sending a contra-signal out from your car

[@MrT------5743]

He is talking part of the car, not anything leaving the car. Answer is the bottom of the wheels. They are in contact with the ground and are not moving relative to the ground unless they are skidding.

[@mr.e8226]

@@MrT------5743 got ya. thanks for the explaination

[@kevincedeno8899]

Love this trio. Hilarious.

[@davidfisher7978]

Long time fan… Could some of the whistling sound be coming from the landing gear?

[@VoltisArt]

All parts of the plane touching open air are contributing to the sound, to varying extents. No matter is frictionless, so it's all making noise.

[@bullettube9863]

Hearing these people imitating the different sound effects was just hilarious!