HMS Menestheus - Guide 395

The Menestheus, a minelayer and some-time brewery of the British Royal Navy, is today's subject.
Read more about the ship here:
www.amazon.co.uk/Beer-Tap-Int...
www.amazon.co.uk/Forgotten-Fl...
www.amazon.co.uk/British-Domi...
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'Legionnaire' by Scott Buckley - released under CC-BY 4.0. www.scottbuckley.com.au

[@Drachinifel]

Pinned post for Q&A :)

[@bkjeong4302]

Why was Menetheus used to produce beer and not tea?

[@and15re1]

Could the USN could have sold the Aircraft Carrier (Medium), aka the CVV, to foreign navies similar to the RN did prior to WWI, and if so, what navies would buy/accept such ship?

[@HseanIraqi]

What was a planned/ blueprint ship that was either never built or half way completed before being cancelled . That despite how crazy or ridiculous or cracked the design of the ship was. WOULD have actually worked very well and would have been successful despite the ridiculous nature of the design?

[@Moredread25]

Was the Menestheus involved in any combat actions during its service?

[@themanformerlyknownascomme777]

how would the Royal Navy of the period the channel covers have handled the "Lobster war" or the Canadian Cod Crisis? Would they have let the merchants of such minor nations walk all over them?

[@YouTubemessedupmyhandle]

When you said they had to install another funnel so the brewery had somewhere to vent I stood up, saluted a Union Jack and wiped a tear from my eye.

[@steweygrrr]

I will accept the salute but you can only salute a Union Jack if you're looking at the small flag on the back of a boat or ship, the regular one is the Union Flag. That said given the channel I will assume you are currently aboard an age of steam vessel fnah fnah pip pip

[@neilwilson5785]

Huzzah!!

[@robinmilford2426]

Small flag on the bow for the jack, not at the stern!

[@jimkeats891]

I'm an American that lives close enough to Lexington to have participated in the battle (if I was as old as my kids think I am)...and I also saluted!

[@sherrile]

A beer ship? An actual bloody floating brewery? God Save The King!

[@kimmoj2570]

@sherrile I can imagine Royal Marines of that ship had tough job to keep bloody Yanks swarming that ship if they found out what it is dispensing. "Now, go to your soda fountain and icecream bar on your own ships there!!"

[@scottgiles7546]

@@kimmoj2570 If I was one of those bloody yanks you better believe I'd be storming it! Although, they could try telling them "the beer is Warm" and see if that works. (They would likely just bring some ice)

[@mpetersen6]

@@scottgiles7546 Warm beer means different things in the US vs the UK.

[@EricDKaufman]

As an American coming off the 4th of July, I'm suddenly okay with The Royal Navy.

[@benterbenter9281]

JFK: "Hold my torpedo juice."

[@douglasthompson201]

"What did you do in the war, Grandpa?" "I was a combat brewmaster."

[@Blipvertus]

The fact that you have enough ships to have dedicated beer and ice cream ships should give your enemies something to consider.

[@obelic71]

To boost troop moral they were like weapons of mass destruction for the enemy. Worn out tired troops who can be offered a slice from home like ice cream, Coca Cola, pie, beer etc.etc.

[@Sherwoody]

@@obelic71I recall an anecdote from a German officer during the Battle of the Bulge where he found a parcel sent to a G.I. that held a cake. What he found distressing was that the Americans had gasoline for trucks to ship cake, where they had none for their tanks.

[@GrahamCStrouse]

Had…

[@reynard61]

@@Sherwoody Well, there's a scene depicting said "anecdote" in the 1965 movie of that name; but in all of the historical reading that I've done about the battle, I've never seen any actual evidence that it actually happened. It seems to be one of those "We have awakened a sleeping giant" moments that sounds like it SHOULD have happened, but there's very little historical evidence to suggest that it actually did.

[@trooperdgb9722]

@@reynard61 It is a n ice little vignette to pithily demonstrate a wider truth.... it doesn't need to be strictly true itself...

[@Big_E_Soul_Fragment]

The Americans have an ice creamery ship while the Brits have a mobile brewery

[@bigblue6917]

Well they wanted to leave the Empire. You can't have everything.

[@124marsh]

Well one country had to be sober to win the war😁

[@markiangooley]

We Americans had Prohibition too. That ended just over eight years before the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor, on December 5, 1933.

[@lilmachingunn]

1933???​@@markiangooley

[@999theeagle]

The Japanese must have had Sushi Ships!!!

[@kameads3778]

Yank Marine here, Between you and the replays from Jingles. I am really gaining an appreciation for the way the British Navy does things. I wish I had the opportunity to visit one of your ships when I was still in service. To be able to have a beer onboard like that is quite unique to us. Cheers and thanks for another great video. I have learned a LOT!...

[@michaelhart7569]

I guess it's a cultural thing. I recall, back in the 1990s, being told it was quite normal for McDonalds in Germany to sell beer. My sister-in-law worked in the international airline industry. She had to tell American transfers that they couldn't fire somebody for drinking alcohol at lunchtime. British employees were generally less sensible/moderate about their alcohol consumption. Americans seemed more prudish all the time. Some cultures are generally moderate about alcohol. Kids getting diluted wine rom an early age in France, so less desire to go hell for leather when they are older. I don't have an answer for the problems.

[@JGCR59]

When we (german navy) were in the US we were drunk dry within a week by US sailors/marines visiting

[@blshouse]

I got lucky enough to get a chance hoist a few pints on the HMS Battleaxe. She had a lovely bar.

[@neilwilson5785]

I'm a fan of Jingles too. I just like spending time with him. Lovely guy.

[@BigAmp]

@@JGCR59 Americans are very hospitable as a rule so good to see you treated them so well.

[@sthompson1000]

My father worked for Alfred Holt (Blue Funnel Line) until the early '70s. All of their ships were named after ancient Greeks. Most carried a few passengers and had a rather nice pre-war sort of atmosphere. Although there were none with a brewery, I remember that there was no shortage of bars and I spent a lot of my childhood making extra holes in empty beer cans and chucking them off the back.

[@jeebusk]

some local fisherman has been cursing you for years, hopefully he doesn't see this thread 😅

[@arnoldn2017]

Same here, I actually spend a few summer holidays cruising the North Sea on blue funnel vessels

[@sthompson1000]

@@arnoldn2017 Do you remember a floating orchestra on the Rhine(?); it played national anthems of passing vessels?

[@billb3444]

The Welkomhoff on the River Elbe would put up the flag and play the anthem of each ship that passed. Sadly CP Ships always got the Canadian anthem though we were UK crewed. You can’t have it all tho 😂 Hamburg was always a good run ashore.

[@sthompson1000]

@@billb3444 Thank-you! I've been wondering where it was for over 60 years.

[@johnniewoodard648]

Way back when I served in the US Navy, our submarine was sent to Fort Lauderdale as part of Publicly Tour. We conducted tours aboard for about a week. This was during Spring Break, the first day, crew had to be assigned to be tour guides, but after boat loads of young collage age women wearing swimsuits were taking the tour, there were more than enough volunteers to be tour guides each day there after. I was one of the Day One tour guides, one of my first groups was a group of English Sailors...the very FIRST thing I was asked by this group? "Where is the beer?" I tried to explain that there is NO beer onboard a US Navy Ship. It was quickly explained to Me that UK Ships HAD beer onboard and it was practically uncivilized NOT to have at least beer for the crew. I was invited to tour their ship, I guess to see how a "civilized ship" treats their crew.

[@ZaHandle]

There's a reason they have a ship called _Victory_

[@onenote6619]

I don't know if the Navy maintains a similar tradition, but RAF bars have 'the black bottle'. This is maintained at one end of the rack of vertical dispensers, completely covered in tape to obscure both identity (generally something strong and reasonably cheap) and level. A patron is free to request a shot from the black bottle at any time. If it comes out complete, the shot is free. If it empties the bottle, said patron is required to buy a complete new bottle.

[@MAA1591]

Usually referred to as "danger port" in the RN.

[@myparceltape1169]

I have heard of Black Bottle Whisky but it is real Whisky in a black bottle.

[@franzfanz]

I've heard that the wardroom at HMNZS Philomel has or had one until recently (by recently I mean the 80s). My mum was in the bar when someone emptied it. The poor steward, tending bar, was just about crushed to death in the stampede to obtain a shot.

[@myparceltape1169]

@@franzfanz I would have wanted a shot from there even though I don't normally drink alcohol.

[@Nexusgamer8472]

the fact that our navy had a mobile brewery is just hilarious to me

[@johncordes7885]

Brew for the crew

[@mpetersen6]

Well, any nation that used Spitfires to ferry beer.

[@Nudgeworth]

The US navy had ships that made ice cream

[@christophpoll784]

Something we somehow adopted in the 90ist here in germany. We had a Minesweeper, called "Kulmbach". That little city also has a brewery. So on her maiden voyage there somehow suddenly were some trucks full of kegs and a drafting-station on the pier the weekend before she left. Not really like a brewery on the ship, but at least well supported by it 😂

[@scooterdescooter4018]

"Sir, they sunk the beer ship!" "ATTENTION ALL HANDS! ATTENTION ALL HANDS! PREPARE FOR BOARDING ACTION, I REPEAT PREPARE FOR BOARING ACTION! THE JAPS JUST SUNK THE BEER BOAT." ::Waaaaaaghh!::

[@soulsoulsoul634]

Someone should make a movie "The hunt for HMS Menestheus" except its awol soldiers hunting for the mythical beer ship.

[@j_taylor]

Like "Whisky Galore" with uniforms? 😀

[@davydovua]

I second this

[@hawkeye5955]

Featuring a Soviet ship captain that has a Scottish accent for some reason.

[@seannordeen5019]

It would likely be US service men trying to find and raid the ship.

[@a_funyun]

"Verbal trip-wire" lol I'm stealing that one

[@Moredread25]

What a cool ship. It's fun when lesser known specal ships like this are covered.

[@dorn0531]

I agree. The unique, one-off ships are very interesting. Especially experimental or hybrid vessels like HMS Furious or USS Monitor.

[@charlesmoss8119]

A mobile brewery is the most British idea ever - our military seems to have always persevered through the use of alcohol and tobacco as have many other military - in my very brief service back in the 80s I was of the firm if joking opinion that if the soviets had come through the Fulda Gap on Christmas morning between leave and hangovers no one would have noticed till they were in Paris 😂

[@scottgiles7546]

I think the Soviets would have enough experience to not start a fight with hungover solders....

[@kevindavis5966]

A refrigerated cargo ship that became a minelayer and then a floating brewery? That's cool.

[@bigblue6917]

Damn the stealth fighter jets. Where's my beer.

[@chrismaverick9828]

I'm sure every sailor would prefer the beer over the fighters.

[@JZsBFF]

My kind of ship: a floating brewery! Sign me up! Hoist the colors! Fill the mug!

[@jeromethiel4323]

"Sir, the enemy are targeting the brewery ship!" "My god! All hands to battle stations!"

[@JZsBFF]

@@jeromethiel4323 *Action stations. 🎵Roll Up The Barrel🎵 ... Eh... The Canon

[@whitemark84]

Thank you, I'm sure the Babylon 5 fans will be pleased to see one of the important names turn up ( Agamemnon )

[@junior602002]

Time Bandits for me.

[@CliveN-yr1gv]

That was awesome. I had no idea there had been an HMS brewery! What a splendid ship. Super doco 👏🏽👍🏽

[@richardsawyer5428]

This is now my favourite warship. Why didn't I know about it before? Why is there no model kit of it? Who was the genius who came up with the idea? We at least need a photo. Who was the master brewer and what rank did they hold? How did the Royal Navy recruit such a oerson? I take it that they got a medal for honourable service?

[@inyobill]

rum rations and beer availability, no further proof required by me to demonstrate the superior civilization of you Brits.

[@lynndonharnell422]

Not any more I understand.

[@paidwitness797]

Dont forget we also put kettles in our tanks for hot food and drinks (tea obviously, but i guess coffee as well...) on the go, i guess we have done war so long we have worked out the essentials!

[@jeffreypierson2064]

No more rum. "A sailor ain't a sailor anymore" kzbin.info/www/bejne/rJSwmH6Ba9RroKc

[@davidpeters6536]

Essential supplies must get through. Nice story of the RN. I talked to a few US crew form the Bunker Hill after the Gulf war and they were all very happy to have visited the Royal Navy ships for a beers or two during the conflict.

[@barrydysert2974]

Three cheers for British ingenuity!!!

[@johndouglass3377]

Its good to see you doing support vessels, it was incredible the range of support vessels needed in the pacific. I hope you continue in this vain.

[@notshapedforsportivetricks2912]

I bet that there was quite a queue of volunteers to serve on Menestheus.🍻

[@petercabanillas244]

In the 1990’s the Chief’s Mess aboard U.S.S. Guadalcanal (LPH-7) invited the Chief’s Mess of HMS Ark Royal for Cocktails. One PROBLEM U.S. Navy was dry since probation and Sec Nav Joe Danials. So they sent a rep up to the Flag Bridge to ask permission. The way my Dad put it too the Admiral, “We have already been invited to their Mess, customs and courtesy dictates we should do the same. It would be an embarrassment too the U.S. Naval services too offer only Coffee. We would like the Mess to serve Beer and other Spirits. Oh and of course Gentlemen, your invited. “(Skipper was in on it as well) It occurred twice, once in Portsmouth England, and once in Norfolk, Virginia. My dad was sent as rep both occasions. Good fun was had by all. I at the time a young Lance Corporal in the Marines was able too attend cocktails on HMS Ark Royal in Norfolk, Mom was in woods with her Girl Scouts and I was home on Liberty from Camp Lejeune.

[@ssgtmole8610]

I am now thinking Beer Depth Charges... 🤣

[@richardwakeley2192]

Thank you for your short history of one of the vsls of the late great Blue Funnel Line, in which I had the pleasure of sailing in the 1950s-built 'M' class and the last of the line, 1970s Nagasaki built 'M' class. PS. Your second pronunciation of Menestheus is correct as far as Blue Flue is concerned, I'm not sure for Greek scholars.

[@mrjockt]

Army Officer ''Our tank crews can make themselves a cuppa tea in their tanks to help keep their morale up'', Naval Officer ''Well you see old chap I think we might have you beat there''.

[@Trek001]

RAF: When we want our beer, we strap a few barrels under a Spitfire and take it up for five minutes to cool down

[@ryanfoster9863]

Always fun watching the Royal Navy in Bahrain take a beer delivery. I believe it was HMS Marlborough (F233) had some sort of store room forward that they kept their beer in. A truck came down the pier and they were shifting the beer in the room to fill every possible space and telling the truck to unload just a few more, then a few more until it was soo fully packed that it was just possible to get the door closed.

[@Folly_Inds]

I knew a guy who had the recipe they used for this ship and would make it from time to time. Used to love telling the story of this boat!

[@blabbergasted4380]

Beer. Humanity. Perfect match.

[@mitchm4992]

"Verbal tripwire" is a lovely little turn of phrase.

[@b05296]

Now I'm reconsidering my Coast Guard career. Brewer 2nd class. Sounds delicious...

[@wolfshanze5980]

Gonna be honest, when I saw the title of the video I thought some Ship Captain was doing some business on the down-low. This was way more tame then I thought it would be when I clicked.

[@rnp497]

it makes me proud to be a Brit when we come up with these solutions to problems

[@JackBWatkins]

A brewery ship, they couldn’t figure out to make that a peace time venture? My mind is spinning with possibilities.

[@akumaking1]

What will we do with the Drunken Sailor?

[@kpdubbs7117]

Good way to start an early Saturday Morning.

[@AndrewBlucher]

... Saturday evening

[@kpdubbs7117]

@@AndrewBlucher Drach is truly a world wide phenomenon.

[@davesnothere.]

Man, you never cease to earn your rum ration. Well done.

[@ricdale7813]

This is a new one for me. I never even pondered that the Royal Navy had a Beer making ship. Outstanding!

[@jayfelsberg1931]

I visited the HMS Antelope (RIP Falklands) in 1978 and was delighted to offered cold John Courage tallboys by by the friendly crew we met at the Long Beach EM club. Very civilized.

[@barrydysert2974]

<a href="#" class="seekto" data-time="176">2:56</a> In the lower right corner there are a group of men walking on the pier. The first man in the photo is one very happy guy !:-)

[@ravenfeeder1892]

I'm pretty sure that several of her brewers went on to become leading lights in the British brewing industry in the 50's and 60's.

[@MrShoki44]

Naval type designation AA (Auxiliary Aler) 🙂

[@greendoodily]

Pity they never got round to the Fast Fleet Aler…

[@nomorenames7323]

As an American homebrewer, I can honestly say this is one of mankind’s finest inventions. God save the King!

[@agesflow6815]

Thank you, Drachinifel.

[@Operator8282]

That's a tough call, having to decide between your Naval Air Arm and having a couple of ocean going breweries.

[@edwardmelvin9184]

Love it! Now for a review of the ice cream ships...😂

[@CachingCadre]

I am impressed with how the British were so forward thinking and level headed with their support programs. Too bad there wasn't a ship available to distill whisky while they were at it.

[@davidty2006]

if there was enough time probably would of built one of those as well.

[@alun7006]

The war didn't last long enough for that!

[@stephenfarthing3819]

Aaah! That's where the Royal Navy crews manage to get their 'beer'ings! Sorry for the joke Drachfinel!

[@jeebusk]

lube their beer'ings maybe 😅

[@scottgiles7546]

Well, it was a sorry joke that...

[@stephenfarthing3819]

@@scottgiles7546 To be honest, my puns can be blooming awful! I don't know what Drach thought about it! I'm sure that he had a little chuckle at it!

[@mattblom3990]

I almost wish I could go back in time just to experience an "Amenity Ship". I've been into naval history for a decade and never had heard of them. They're kind of creative, and kind of awesome!

[@Sandgroper-WA]

Beer beer beer tiddly beer beer beer. God bless Charle Mops the man who invented beer.

[@chrismaverick9828]

He must have been an admiral, a sultan, or a king.

[@CAP198462]

and to his praises we shall always sing. So all ye lads and lasses at eleven o’clock ye stop, and for five short seconds remember Charlie Mops.

[@christophervandenberg4830]

Now THIS is the naval history we didn't know we needed but now can't live without. Any floating bordellos? 😂

[@Sherwoody]

A more modern approach would be the Inter City Beer Missile

[@wavecannon3688]

Some technical marvels are definitely under appreciated ;)

[@josephpicogna6348]

Outstanding idea, and another terrific program

[@yurtus83]

The man who came up with the idea needed a Reise asap.

[@MrTScolaro]

I was fully expecting Drach to say it is April 1 in July throughout the whole video.

[@user-yk4mj3lw3y]

Definitely sounds like my kind of ship

[@weldonwin]

Two cans of beer a day and that's yer Bleedin' Lot! And now we got an extra one because they stopped the Tot, So we'll put on our civvie-clothes, find a pub ashore, A sailor's still a sailor, just like he was before...

[@rcwagon]

Interesting history for this ship. Thank you for another video with great content.

[@johnfisher9692]

Thanks Drach, that is quite the unique ship. I can see the crew taking deep breathes near that second funnel to smell the brewing

[@stevekirk8546]

Fascinating! I've never heard about that. Good job it isn't April 1st otherwise I might not have believed you!

[@daguard411]

Thank You!

[@mikeholton3914]

what a great Story! imagine being in a port city and looking for a name for the Pub you wished to open, HMS. Menestheus would be Perfect!

[@bullettube9863]

The so called "ice cream" ships were actually refrigerator ships that transported fresh food such as meat, dairy and vegetables to troops in the Pacific. This is of course the source of the rumors that American sailors and troops were the best fed in the world. My father served aboard a destroyer escort in the Atlantic before being reassigned to the Pacific and remembered how they had shore leave on an island where each sailor was given two cans of chilled beer. Later they watched movies and enjoyed a live show of some Hollywood singers. He and his ship mates recalled at a reunion that this was the best shore leave they ever had!

[@MM22966]

They had those, but there were ice cream PRODUCING ships. (actually a refitted concrete barge based at Ulithi) en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_cream_barge

[@bullettube9863]

@@MM22966 Yes, there was just ONE barge used to make ice cream. But there were several refrigerator ships that not only carried fresh meat and vegetables but also made ice cream. I should also mention that many warships made their own ice cream on board, except that Destroyer Escorts didn't. The DEs had very small refrigerators and generally ran out of fresh food in a month. This info comes from my father, who like many DE sailors thought they were the "real" navy, but were jealous of the sailors on the bigger ships none the less.

[@sfsnedker1467]

In the 1950 the Med Fleet had a mobile Beer Bar, HMS Boxer ex LCT, that was beached as a bar for the Annual Fleet Regatta. The ships where dry except for the daily rum ration.

[@donaldhill3823]

Al Capon slapping his head. Why didn’t I think of brewing beer on a ship in the 1920s. 😂

[@myparceltape1169]

Well, they couldn't prove that charge.

[@davidrenton]

i remember hearing stories that during the prohibition you did have alcohol ships that went out into international waters

[@HootOwl513]

Sadly, for Al, a ship off shore of Chicago in the middle of Lake Michigan would still have been in US Territorial Waters, with the State of Michigan on the other side. There were Casino Ships outside the [then] Three Mile Limit that catered to the speakeasy crowd. They were adequately supplied with hard liquor from the Carribbean.

[@mannywilliams6409]

Oh no they sunk my beer ship!

[@myparceltape1169]

Fear not. You can paddle along with that cask of light ale.

[@dmcarpenter2470]

Cheers!

[@keysontrains538]

thought you started talking about another ship for a sec half way through the video when I wasn’t paying attention, that’s quite the glow up for any ship nevermind an auxiliary-

[@johnedreslin]

What a great story!!

[@brj_han]

BRILLIANT! 😁

[@ronbdallas]

Ocean going beer brewery…greatest idea ever🤣

[@bishop6218]

This is the single most brilliant ship the Royal Navy ever built.

[@huntergray3985]

I can't imagine anything more British than a warship that doubles as a brewery.

[@Patrick_Cooper]

Now that is a ship I would have begged to be stationed on. A beer brewery on board. Now were talking, happy volunteers. I'm sure it was limited, but it also wasn't the piss water they served at one of the Coast Guard training schools clubs I was at in the 70's

[@adrianjorgensen3750]

And this is why the Royal Navy ruled the waves.

[@marksmith8928]

There has never been a warship I'd serve on. At least until today, when I've heard of this one.

[@murrayscott9546]

And the higher-ups wonder how to gain more new recruits !

[@raltgaither]

Now that is a great ship.

[@MARKCARTLIDGE-sm3mz]

Every sailors favourite ship no doubt.

[@Jayne22]

Oh fantastic, a sailing brewery. Who would have thought it. 😂

[@PalleRasmussen]

A brewery ship? What an excellent idea for the Danish navy. Must suggest this immediately.

[@Trek001]

I vote for it to be named KDM _Carlsberg_

[@PalleRasmussen]

@@Trek001 no thanks. First, it tastes like what I imagine watered-down piss tastes like. Second, to avoid loss; they stayed in Muscowy until the Muscowites confiscated their breweries. They should have just accepted the loss and kept morale. Aarhus Bryghus, Thisted Bryghus, Refsvindinge Bryggeri, or Frederikshavn Bryghus. Now we are talking

[@jasonz7788]

Thanks dach

[@davidfell9083]

Absolutely splendid. Rule Britannia

[@carltontweedle5724]

Drac the best ship ever, If I had the money buy one.

[@carlcarlton764]

One, I think 15 knots was very, very fast for a late 20s merchant - Liberty ships could do what, 11? - and a floating brewery. That one hell of a missed opportunity for a museum ship. Sponsors should not have been too difficult to come by.

[@tomhutchins7495]

If you think about it, stealth fighters are expensive, noisy, bulky, go rapidly obsolete and have an alarming tendency to fall off the ship and divulge major secrets to one's adversaries (such as the fact that one's fighters fall off one's ships). Whereas ready access to beer boosts morale, demoralises one's beerless opponents, and is relatively cheap. While it is true that beery sailors are more likely to divulge state secrets, if the only secret one has is that the ship has a brewery, this is of limited strategic harm. I shall petition the MoD forthwith.

[@user-pk2zm2pz9n]

That was a good one.

[@thomaskositzki9424]

Just my kind of warship! Cheers 🤪

[@Welshman2008]

If the conversion to a floating brewery had been completed before wars end. I bet its escorting vessels would be equivalent to that of a carrier task force.

[@robertbertagna1672]

Thanks!

[@fredericksaxton3991]

Excellent. 🙂

[@jamesgoacher1606]

As a Home Brewer I find this civilised.

[@robertsolomielke5134]

TY Drac ! The brewery ships are NOT a rumor , and shows the RN was well equipped for a hot war in the tropics.

[@timandellenmoran1213]

Awesome!

[@vintagethrifter2114]

buenos dias Menestheus.