Dwarf Planets

[@deet0109mapping]

2014: "Makemake's lack of a moon..." 2016: MK2 officially confirmed.

[@Jordan-zk2wd]

deet0109 They're already on MKX buddy. Ba-dum chhhh!

[@hunters10k46]

Lol true

[@ewanfawkes2708]

Bother, you beat me to it.

[@shilpyrahman1531]

Lollll😂😂😂😂

[@bruhrubbruhrubus306]

deet spotted

[@joeik5137]

Makemake does have a moon. We just discovered it in 2016, and this video was made in 2014, so, you're off the hook

[@samlund8543]

Also, we MAY have found evidence for a Object bigger than Mars in the Oort Cloud, so this video is kinda outdated...

[@danielhplays3816]

yup MK2

[@siewpengyew9713]

MK2

[@christinacosta2220]

I guess he's right

[@Texan.Insomniac]

Same can be said about the picture for Pluto

[@CastorQuinn]

This video was so incredibly educational that I was able to share it with the students we work with as a very concise explanation of what dwarf planets are, what dwarf planets there are in our solar system, and why it is so hard to categorise our neighbours.

[@Artifexian]

Wow! Castor Quinn this blows my mind. Thanks you so much. I hope your students found it beneficial. :)

[@Artifexian]

Me too. We weren't thought astronomy in school :(

[@Artifexian]

:) No thanks to school though. Thumbs down to the irish school system. Thumbs up to post-school internet learning.

[@stephenruffino1967]

shrek

[@stephenruffino1967]

shrek

[@enkiimuto1041]

Just a note (that you probably should put it there) now that we have an accurate measure of Pluto, we do know Pluto is Bigger than the other Dwarf Planets. Also, we did classify Pluto as a planet and never had this weird conversation about Dwarf Planets until 10 years ago, because we really thought it was about the size of the earth and over the years we just got better at measuring it.

[@jesusramirezromo2037]

Pluto is bigger, but not more masive

[@kalez238]

Damn! This was just packed full of very useful dwarf planet information! I love dwarf planets, so this was right up my alley. Another very awesome video!

[@Artifexian]

Thank you, good sir! Those little dwarves are indeed very loveable

[@ACoroa]

So we've reclassified the planets. Can we please do the same thing about the moons? It's unusual to say that both Titan and Deimos are equally moon like.

[@Altermerea]

The moon status only means that they are orbiting other planets as natural satellites, instead of orbiting the Sun

[@Treviisolion]

+Sean Hiseman I think there is some limit, probably whatever we can see and observe.

[@RavenousRobyn]

+Sean Hiseman Yes, technically by definition grains of dust count as moons. And yes, that could do with some improvement.

[@emperorpalpatine2957]

+Sean Hiseman anything that orbits a planet is a moon hence the name satellite, objects like the ISS would still be a moon but its artificial hence the name artificial satellite so in reality Earth could have millions or maybe trillions of moons.

[@tequestaorangejuice6673]

that is true, but the definition of a moon is a 'large' object that orbits another object that isn't a star. By large, I mean larger than say a house... because if you say all things orbiting planets are moons, then Saturn's rings are made of BILLIONS of moons.

[@Tnpt_studios]

I'd really like to see this topic revisited by you. There have been so many revolations and new discoveries in this field, would love to see a video from you about these new discoveries.

[@Tchaikovstakovich]

Here's more proof that I learn more on youtube than at school XD

[@Artifexian]

Amen, to that! Voluntary learning ftw

[@theiris1002]

thats why im homescooled now if we learned something cool chanses were i alredy knew for like over a year and in more detail

[@MadScientist3000]

+Galaxy Gazer Music you learn more from the library in the childrens section

[@leirice]

+Galaxy Gazer Music yep

[@leirice]

+Galaxy Gazer Music that means no more school I'm in 3rd grade and I hate my school(Jason lee)

[@beckyzwhite]

What a fascinating piece of work. You made the once boring totally absorbing. Well done.

[@Alanzice]

This is the best dwarf planet related video i've seen. Gratz, man!

[@Artifexian]

Thanks, that really does mean a lot. Glad you rate my vids :)

[@jatzi1526]

I love how he mentioned that there may be mars sized dwarf planets out there beyond the Kuiper Belt and now astronomers are theorizing there's an actual 9th planet out there beyond the Kuiper Belt.

[@shady0216]

Eris has now been discovered to be smaller than Pluto.

[@dirus3142]

This video suggests it's possible that, statistically, there could be a Mars size planet out side the kuiper belt. Last year NASA, or another organization, announced a theory that there is quite possibly a planet sized object beyond the belt. This is due to changes in the belt that has to be caused by a gravitational effect.

[@daniellbondad6670]

I still have a book where Pluto was still listed as a planet.It was printed in the same year as it was later removed.

[@atsf3780]

Your videos deserve way more views. Keep up the great work!

[@Artifexian]

Glad you think so. I hope one day they do get more views. :) Thanks for watching. Much appreciated

[@yourlocalscribe948]

@@Artifexian you got 167K subs

[@antoniojustadelimatorres9015]

5:28 Artifexian, pluto's size number is bigger than the eris (2.368 > 2.326),and eris is bigger than pluto, you made a mistake

[@nickoftricks]

at 5:25 is it your drawing or did you mix up the numbers for pulto's and eris' diameter(or circumference it wasn't clear which), i'm just a stickler for for thing's like number matching up to relative sizes.

[@jerryvee3968]

I kinda like the fact that this video about dwarf planets came out 5 years ago is more educational about celestial bodies than some high school science classes today. XD

[@FirefoxisredExplorerisblueGoog]

A native English speaker pronouncing the Dutch 'ui' correctly. Here, have all my likes!

[@sejalvshah]

Pretty sure he's bilingual, speaks Irish as well.

[@sejalvshah]

And if he's not, then he at least is a linguistics enthusiast and has learned how, along with other sounds.

[@FirefoxisredExplorerisblueGoog]

@Markerz 321 Nope! Check out the word "ui" on forvo.

[@cythereanmapping]

Eris is smaller than Pluto. It’s just more massive. At 5:22 you even put Pluto at 2,368km and Eris at 2,326km.

[@MrMichkov]

This one of the best videos I've seen so far about the Pluto reclassification topic. Well done

[@Artifexian]

Cheers :) It does seems to be going down well.

[@LeDingueDeJeuxVideos]

could you please make a video about how would life be like on a habitable moon on a gas planet's orbit? Like, how would the weather, the tectonic plates, the different cycles like the days be affected? I'm reaaaally interested in that kind of stuff

[@lks5878]

02:28 I guess some people will not get the sarcasm, for that people then: This is sarcasm!!

[@bottasheimfe5750]

Pluto is the name of the Roman god of the Underworld. albeit its naming was decided by contest and a young girl's choice won, so she could've been thinking of Pluto the dog. but i like to think its the Roman Mythos's influence as the reason it has that name.

[@noamtashma2859]

it's amazing to think we know all of this just by looking at the sky, even as we are confines to earth. Objects at distances unimaginably far away discovered just by looking at the sky

[@atps]

+Artifexian, you produce great informative and entertaining video content. I may have already said that in other comments, but let me tell you that once more - JOB WELL DONE!

[@pideuch2004]

Dear Pluto Hello it's me Ceres, I was downgraded from a planet to an asteroid over 150 years ago so please, stop whinging about you not being a planet any more Love Ceres

[@danieldettlaff9662]

Best video about dwarf planets explained the way I like. Thank you!

[@tyl7r928]

Makemake does have a moon MK2 Recently discovered though

[@Jmamj99]

Pluto the dog was named after the dwarf planet. The first instance of Pluto as the name for the dog came several months after the discovery of the then-planet. Pluto the dwarf planet was named after the Roman God of the Dead (also known as Hades, the Greek God of the Dead.)

[@GrandCorsair]

I think he said it as a joke. I kind of get a sarcastic vibe with it.

[@Jmamj99]

Properly. It just annoyed me a little, is all.

[@singularityg3695]

OOF pluto was foudn to be slightly larger than eris when new horizons flew by in 2015 but this is 2014 so whatever

[@dionemoolman]

Damn this video is so old that there weren’t any good photos of Pluto.

[@mfk301]

"Two to Tree objects"- Artifexian 2014

[@_Aly_00_]

Yeah, he's Irish. They drop the h from th sounds.

[@mfk301]

This comment was made when i was 13 lol i realise what accents are now

[@stiqula]

Good stuff, man! I did not know about Sedna, let alone the fact there could be 59 more of them out there, haha

[@Artifexian]

I know it blew my mind too. Cheers for watching

[@fliagm]

How can the shapes of such strange orbits be calculated if they take so long to be covered by the planet/object? For example Sedna's at 6:00, it could be any shape, but they've determined that it's that long and they even calculated the period.

[@johncarlini2978]

Orbital Physics baby. let me explain. The 2 most important points in an orbit is it's periex (closest approach to the center of mass) and the apex (farthest point from the center of mass). As an object orbits it speeds up as it approaches it's periex and slows as it reaches its apex. Sedna is speeding up, meaning it's approaching it's periex. The angle it's moving at shows it's near the periex. so we just have to do the math of how a object moving at this point, angle, speed, mass, and acceleration, and distance would make it orbit around the mass.

[@fliagm]

Thank you so much! I didn't think I'd get an answer like this, appreciate it

[@codykillir10]

coming back to this is great. Recent evidence of both a mars sized object and a 10 Earth mass object.

[@ayafakumi4512]

smallest than the five dwarf planets *draws 4 dwarves*

[@lotusnaturals1897]

meant the other 4

[@brunnomenxa]

The fifth is Ceres, which was already drawn.

[@Legendaryknight2]

And now we Know Pluto is slightly bigger than all the other dwarf planets, makes me wonder if all those changes would even exist if we did know that before.

[@nandernugget]

No. Eris makes Pluto look like an M&M. If Pluto was called a Planet, then Eris is DEFINITELY a planet. Also there's way more too it than the size of a planet to be classified as a planet.

[@jesusramirezromo2037]

eris is still more masive, and is only like 20km smaller in diameter, meaning its almost nothing

[@vaiyt]

Moral of the story: reality is under no obligation to conform to the boxes humanity puts it in.

[@Anonymous-jo2no]

I wonder... if in the future we can terraform Mars by bringing Ceres to collide with Mars; filling it with water.

[@DefaultFlame]

The relegation of Pluto to the status of dwarf planet is one of those things that has never stuck in my mind. It keeps tripping me up. The sun rises in the east. The earth orbits the sun. The moon orbits the earth. There are 9 planets in the solar system. Even though I remember that Pluto is nor a planet anymore I still think that we have 9 planets.

[@thenoone]

UPDATE: In 2016, Makemake's moon was discovered. It is called MK2.

[@Algeriawindows69]

and the video is from 2014

[@erdoganeornek]

In Pluto is Mercury the same size as Pluto x3??

[@maryjijo8809]

Not to hate but Sri Lanka isn't a part of India.

[@WinTWT]

Great series,you really have good explanation

[@grinderfoot3371]

Juno actually looks like a face? Jeez, I think the universe has a good way of making dwarf planets and asteroids unique... making them look like they have faces or making them look like everyday objects.

[@grinderfoot3371]

And basicly because every planet is not EXACTLY a perfect sphere, the planet I think is the least round is our own, Earth, which is round-...... ish.

[@physicsverse450]

What do you use for the size comparisons???

[@txikitofandango]

5:13 Nice Easter Island drawing!

[@nathankeane7615]

How does this channel only have 45k subscribers

[@poparceasandu4869]

Because its stupid

[@parabolaaaaa4919]

*158k

[@ngp3172]

We found another object with a Sedna-like orbit. It is called 2012 VP113.

[@milky_wayan]

In the words of the British schoolgirl who named Pluto (1918-2009) "Mickey Mouse's dog was named after the planet, not the other way around."

[@ScorpiusZA.]

Something has always gotten my head going. One point of a dwarf planet is that it has not cleared its orbital path. Doesn't that Neptune a Dwarf as its orbital path is not clear (See Pluto)?

[@Artifexian]

No, because Pluto's orbit is very inclined so it ducks under Neptune's orbit whilst it crosses it, if that makes sense. But, consider this, Jupiter has trojan asteroids trapped in the plane of its orbit. So technically Jupiter isn't a planet :s It's all very messy!

[@ScorpiusZA.]

Yes, that does make sense. Thks

[@PeregrineBF]

Artifexian No, Jupiter is still a planet. The Soter planetary discriminant is >> 100. The Stern-Levison Lambda value for Jupiter is > 1. Jupiter is the dominant gravitational body in its orbital zone. It's a planet under the IAU definition. For Pluto, the planetary discriminant is 0.077. That's much, much less than 100. The lambda value is 0.00295. That's much, much less than 1. It's not a planet. The neat thing about these values is that they provide an objective way to determine if something is a planet or dwarf planet. While the cutoffs are arbitrary (Why 1? Why 100? Because they're reasonable values and nice round numbers in base 10.) it still gives a way to determine which name should be used. And that's all these really are: names. Keeping only 8 planets is purely a matter of convenience. Note that Stern (of Stern-Levison) has changed his mind about things, and would now consider Jupiter, Earth, Mars, and Neptune to be dwarf planets, or Pluto, Eris, Ceres, etc, to be planets. Personally, I'm of the opinion that "any object in orbit of Sol which is in hydrostatic equilibrium" is a better definition of a planet, even if it would lead to much more difficulty for kids learning all the planet names: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_possible_dwarf_planets

[@Ledabot]

with the discovery of a neptunion sized planet, that really kicked the bag open didn't it.

[@benthomason3307]

What I don't get is why Mars, Venus, Earth, and Mercury all have more in common with dwarf planets than Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune, and yet are still grouped together with the latter rather than the former.

[@nandernugget]

Because they have normal orbits. they're also not apart of belts of asteroids.

[@benthomason3307]

Dark Pop That really sounds like an excuse they came up with so that we wouldn't have to reclassify Earth as a dwarf planet.

[@nandernugget]

+Ben Thomason It isn't, though. Why aren't we classified as chimpanzees? They use tools like us, they can do basic human actions. They can stand up right? So why aren't we classified as Chimps? It's because there is differences and way more things we can do beyond Chimps. So for Planets, the same. Dwarf Planets are round most of the time like Planets, the orbit the sun, etc. yet there are things to Planets that Dwarf Planets can't fit into. Pluto has an odd orbit, it's more related to comets. Pluto is also in a lock with its Moon, meaning that Pluto itself is a moon to the other.

[@messiermitchell4901]

isn't there a huge gap in the kuiper belt that screams planet?

[@anunallapati]

Pluto is larger than eris but eris has more mass

[@TheGosicks]

Artifexian How pluto Make A Double System With Charon???

[@Jellyman1129]

Pretty decent video, despite some scientific inaccuracies. The IAU definition is very flawed because we are likely to find larger objects the size of Mars way out there, and calling THAT a dwarf planet is not a line I think many would cross. The fact is that there are way more “Plutos” than “Earths” and “Jupiters” combined. There may be many more in the deep depths of the Oort Cloud and the number of planets is only going to increase. 🪐

[@kieubasiarz]

1:37 - Sri Lanka (that island under) isn't India's

[@nickoftricks]

another question is how did astrophysicists figure out cedna's wild orbit and how can you even calculate an orbit without observing it?

[@ciaranmcloughlin1027]

Makemake's moon is called MK2

[@chilldown3386]

2:30 actually, Pluto was named Pluto before the character Pluto was named.

[@Mikktor]

Pluto was not named after the Disney character, but the god of the underworld in Greek mythology.

[@Artifexian]

This is true. Reddit latched onto this immediately. Had intended that to be a sarcastic remake...but it did not come across like that. This will be included in a upcoming corrections video. I do not wish to propagate fasle info. Shall be remedied. Thanks for pointing this out.

[@johnplays9654]

have you done world building : deathstar

[@sahilthakur5605]

For a moment i forgot there are dwarf plantes and when I saw the title and thumbnail I was like where the hell did they find dwarves

[@fractal5764]

5:16 "And about two turds the size of pluto"

[@RossMcDowall94]

Can you update this for planet IX?

[@LimeyLassen]

Planet Nine, baby. The dream is real.

[@zegamingcuber857]

Actually it is probably more the size of Neptune (the 9th planet if there is one)

[@colleenforrest7936]

Hidden in all this debate about Pluto is that the IAU changed the word "planet" from a noun to an address. The definition states that a planet travels around "the sun", not "a star", so homeostatically round objects orbiting other stars aren't planets anymore either. It would have been better, if they wanted to exclude Pluto, if they would have separated rocky worlds from icy worlds.

[@oscarmendoza596]

MakeMake does have a mon its called MK2

[@contoliananon1054]

Would it be possible for there to be a dwarf planet with a rocky surface but an incredibly dense core which gives it enougn gravity to hold an atmosphere and support life?

[@johncarlini2978]

If so it would have enough gravity to clear it's orbit and become a planet.

[@johncarlini2978]

If so it would have enough gravity to clear it's orbit and become a planet.

[@ddjammie761]

Why albedo of Eris is 0.96, but reflectes only 87% of ligth?

[@hulick6910]

There is actually a moon orbiting MakeMake known as MK2, MK2 is one of the darkest things in the solar system. And Pluto was named after a goddess, and the person who named Pluto was 11 years old!

[@themostintrestingcomment3878]

Sedna is named like that cause its sad that it has to travel so far

[@TomTomTom9146]

My two favorite things... Astronomy and an Irish accent... I LOVE IT

[@minomc1]

pluto is called after the roman name for hades... all planets are called after the roman gods Mercury comes from Mercurus (messenger of the gods), jupiter (the "king"god and ruler of the sky and heaven), pluto (the god of the afterlife and underworld), Mars (the god of war) and juno(ik a moon) (was the wife of jupiter)

[@robstarchives]

It was meant to be taken sarcastically

[@Retravox]

LOVE FOR PLUTO AS THE 9TH PLANET

[@tequestaorangejuice6673]

YASSS

[@teutonieth]

FYI pluto was named after the roman god of death, Pluto, which is also why its moons are named Styx, Nyx, Charon and Hydra.... though i'd have named Hydra Kerberos.

[@Retravox]

teutonieth i know that

[@Polandball1138]

Sedna has a crazy orbit: 2015 TG 387: Allow us to introduce ourselves

[@merrittanimation7721]

I at first thought you were talking about planets inhabited by dwarves. That xena picture threw me off.

[@hubbletrubble7875]

Erie is actually smaller than Pluto.

[@toggoteh]

and pluto being the most iconic dwarf planet

[@tunakid_instruments]

hiygea is in the asteroid belt and its spherical

[@_jagm_]

A 160 km wide moon of Makemake has been discovered this week.

[@Builder707]

"[...] you ever wanted to know about worldbuilding and ???????" can anyone please tell me how his intro sentence ends? this always is the only part of his videos I don't understand

[@LeDingueDeJeuxVideos]

Then some

[@interionization5824]

sedna has streched that long cause of a masive thing pull him out 1. the eliptical orbit of sedna is caused of jupiter and satern pushed the orbits 2.A MASSIVE object like 5-10x bigger than jupiter is out there on the solar system further than the kuipter belt that pulls sedna OUT through the kuipter belt 3. it must be a star or a BIG PLANET

[@louisvonjanecek4669]

Can a moon have its own moon that circles around it?

[@nacho74]

And before 2006 Pluto was declared as a normal planet. Nice video by the way ;)

[@Artifexian]

Was it? The IAU's final definition of what a planet is set on August 24th 2006.

[@nacho74]

Artifexian Yes, on August 24th 2006 the IAU resolution created three main conditions and pluto failed at it because the mass want enoug. As wikipedia says : " The IAU further resolved that Pluto be classified in the simultaneously created dwarf planet category, and that it act as the prototype for the plutoid category of trans-Neptunian objects, in which it would be separately, but concurrently, classified."[146] Wiki also says : "Discovered in 1930, Pluto was originally classified as the ninth planet from the Sun."

[@etan3021]

on the video you show Pluto as 2368 km and Eris 2326 km thus making Pluto bigger.

[@josephkoester3217]

Ok, here me out now, what if we crashed Ceres into mars to give it water

[@EdEddnEddyonline1]

What about 2012VP113

[@Lucy-ng7cw]

Does anyone have any good reading material for the stuff at the end?

[@abe-danger]

poor pluto... just wants to be friends with the others in the solar system

[@connorcampbell1297]

Makemake does have a moon. It's MK2.

[@tequestaorangejuice6673]

with the new horizons mission in 2015, it has been found that pluto is actually larger than eris. But it is more related to Kuiper Belt objects than the actual planets so... sry pluto

[@hologrampizza5432]

Pluto is larger in volume, but we have calculated using Eris's moon that it is more massive.

[@youcantalwaysgetwhatyouwan6687]

Sri Lanka is not part of India. it is just a part of Indian Subcontinent

[@betoibarra]

Awsome drawing

[@Trufles1234]

Pluto is bigger than Eris but less massive than Eris

[@michaelsurridge8328]

Dwarf planet number tree, that's right "tree"

[@YYHoe]

His accent replaces "th" sounds with "t" or "d" sounds

[@bevanfindlay]

I didn't know there were so many stealth puns in the naming of astronomical objects. "Lawless", "Easter"... And who said science was boring?