Eastern Roman Army: Tactics, Structure, Weapons, Recruitment, Navy, Soldiers

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Kings and Generals animated historical documentary series on Medieval history, Roman history and the evolution of Armies and Tactics continues with a video in which we discuss the Eastern Roman Army from the very beginnings during the reign of Justinian all the way to the fall of the empire in 1453 at the hand of the Ottoman Empire with the siege of Constantinople. We will talk about the tactics, structure, weapons, armor, recruitment, navy, soldiers, mercenaries, manuals, geostrategy, fortifications, spies, diplomacy, Greek Fire, how Georgian, Armenian, Turkic, Serbian, Bulgarian, Catalan and other troops were integrated into the army.
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The video was made by Arb Paninken bit.ly/2Ow3oC8, while the script was developed by Dimitris Koutsoumis and Matt Hollis. This video was narrated by Officially Devin ( / @offydgg & / @gameworldnarratives )
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Production Music courtesy of Epidemic Sound: www.epidemicsound.com
00:00:00 Intro
00:02:20 Early Origins of the Byzantine Army
00:17:14 Byzantine Military Manuals - Strategikon
00:33:36 Structure of the Byzantine Army, Themata and Tagmata
00:52:48 How the Eastern Roman Army Declined
01:07:07 Byzantine Navy
01:09:03 Dromon
01:10:58 Greek Fire
01:14:43 Naval Tactics
01:16:54 Naval Organization
01:18:38 Decline of the Byzantine Navy
01:20:58 Georgian and Armenian troops
01:22:30 Catalan Company
01:29:11 Serb and Bulgarian troops
01:30:53 Turkic troops
01:35:37 Geopolitical Situation
01:44:44 Spies and Diplomats
01:51:26 Early Fortifications and the Theodosian Walls
01:54:18 Structure of the Theodosian Walls
02:00:35 Walls of Blachernae and Sea Walls
#Documentary #ByzantineArmy #Romans

[@KingsandGenerals]

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[@longlost247]

why arent you uploading your pacific war series anymore?

[@soroushtorabi98]

So Sassanian navak is soleranio now? At least mention the inventors

[@user-jy8mj8qb6w]

Have you done yet a video about the reconquest of Justinian and Belisarius?

[@JavaBum]

I'll only support a channel that does not lie and make themselves feel better by pats on the back. Stop lying to everyone and yoursleves. Do fucking history instead of your cheap take.

[@user-qz4go8pf8l]

2 hours of medieval ROMAN history? Just beautiful. This channel rocks.

[@TheRezro]

I just hope that he mention that Justinian destroyed two groups of Latin speaking Christian "Barbarians". And he actually was the reason why city of Rome was destroyed, as it was preserved by Ostrogoths.

[@nickrabbitson1821]

Writing something in capital letters doesn’t make it valid. Even more, writing what the audience wants to hear (I see you got a like from K&G) doesn’t make your argument stronger. Italy and Greece have already agreed upon their national narrative and separated their heritage accordingly. A few opinions here and there (even from actual Greeks like prof.Anthony Kaldelis) will not change that. Enjoy the shadows of KZbin and other social media. «Εις πολλά έτη, δέσποτα!»

[@user-bz8mn8gt1u]

@@nickrabbitson1821 Neither Italy nor Greece have a right to dictate to the rest of the world what Eastern Rome is. These are contemporary states driven by modern political agendas which often alter history for the sake of their own geopolitical goals. The simplest conclusion that we laymen can make about Rome's eastern continuation is that its main ingredients are 1. its staunch reliance on Roman political, infrastructural and military institutions, 2. an orientation towards speaking Greek and Greek literature, and 3. Judeo-Christianity, that greatly influenced byzantine-roman music, thinking and religion. There were also other elements, but the three mightiest factors were Rome, Greece and Israel. Therefore, assertions that Eastern Rome is a Greek empire, are not only wrong but should be circumspect as soon as they are made because they cloud objective analyses of what Eastern Rome is. And I say that as a Greek, too

[@nickrabbitson1821]

@@user-bz8mn8gt1u I think my previous comment is a good enough answer. Nothing further to add. 😘

[@user-bz8mn8gt1u]

@@nickrabbitson1821 Hello, again. I guess what I am trying to say is that both of you two are somewhat right and also somewhat wrong. What am I trying to say is that Eastern Rome is what it is, as cliche as that may sound. It's neither fully Greek, nor fully Roman (as in the sense of the old, classical Italic Rome), but it's the evolution of the Roman Empire that took a totally unexpected direction. Eastern Rome is Roman, Greek and Judeo-Christian. Anything else that either of you can say about a totally Greek or totally Roman society only sees things in black and white.

[@avgvstvscaesar7834]

A very good, detailed video how the Roman military evolved over the millennia.

[@Stallion-EC]

I didn't even notice the length. Making a good work morning start

[@timjobs3634]

Amazing content ! The Eastern Roman Empire is one of the most underated empires ever. I'm so glad you guys dedicate so much time to it !

[@PutlerHuyIo]

Underrated in the West, but not in the East. For example, Russians study it a lot (since Constantinople converted them from pagan beliefs into Orthodox Christianity in 988AD). Turks also study it way more than they study Western Roman Empire, because they are the current occupiers of many of the Byzantine lands.

[@dla_915]

bro never heard of the byzaboos

[@internetperson8224]

In the top two Roman empires in my book for sure

[@christospanagopoulos5821]

@@PutlerHuyIo in Greece you are growing up seeing its flags all around, hearing the stories from the grand mothers and reading it's history at school.

[@cichlid9626]

@@dla_915 byzas was a greek king of Megara near athens and they migrated to Bosporus in ancient times later the empire take his name Byzantium from byzas started as a child of the roman empire and slowly passed in greek hands with the start of the arab wars actually they spoke latin and greek later only greek

[@patrickcurrie7440]

Impeccable and impressive. If I may share something personal with you, in the hopes you can emphasize with me. I was born in 85'. I grew up in the 90s watching history Channel when it was simply and purely about history documentaries and seminars. Like a lot of kids back then, that channel influenced my current enthusiasm for history. Well, we all know what happened to cable channels and I have to say, you are a blessing to enthusiasts like myself. You have filled a gap in my life left by old media's inability to remain true and better yet, you produce better work, with more love and accuracy than I experienced back then. Thank you Kings and Generals. From the bottom of my heart, thank you.

[@chrisvb4387]

Ditto. Born in 85 and of similar mind.

[@gregorycesarbessa6036]

I share the same feeling! 🤝

[@kjellduteweert9262]

Can even calll History channel still, History Channel? On what is on that now.

[@Sephiroth144]

@@kjellduteweert9262 Yes; they have the name, even if they lost the spirit of it like many other channels before them (MTV and SciFi come to mind)

[@zion470]

what he said 😊

[@Normal_Boii]

The Romans always do what they do best; adapting to a situation

[@maltesewonderdog1429]

It is just truly astounding how the Romans could find new ways of adapting to challenging situations over the course of 2200 years. Sure, their civilization and the state itself changed heavily after thousands of years, but a distinct, tangible Roman state existed and transferred successfully from one part of the Mediterranean to another and lasted until the invention of gun powder.

[@TheRezro]

Or specifically it still exist. Even if people deny it. After 3'th century crisis, with decree of Caracalla every free person in Empire become a Roman citizen. This was the reason why power shift toward Greek speaking regions later known as Byzantine. But thing is that Franks were invited on territory of Empire and heavily Latinized. And despite initial clashes with Goths and Wandals. This same process did happen. What is true reason why those tribes move so fast. They moved fully legally. Both Ostrogoths and Wandals preserved local Latin populations, what take hot after Justynian destroyed them. Justinian was also one who actually destroyed city of Rome, preserved by Ostrogoths. In fact those "barbaric" Latin speaking Christian Foederati, recognized Emperor until 8'th century and Charlemagne (I remind that Papal State IS Byzantine Province). Holly Roman Empire (as part of Roman Franks) was in fact recognized by Byzantium (Otton III was from there) and after its fall title was transferred to Spain and end in hands of Habsburgs. When Napoleon sized HRE he actually declared himself as Emperor of Rome. European Union is still build on Roman heritage and law.

[@Bashchavush]

The Byzantine Army adopted the composite bow-equipped mounted archers in their force structure. Byzantine sources mention the dexterity of the Seljuk Turks with composite bows. In the eleventh century, the Seljuks overran most of Anatolia, which the Byzantines had been able to defend against the Arabs from the seventh century onwards. Procopius refers to the presence of mounted archers in Belisarius's force, which enabled the Byzantine Army to overcome the Ostrogoths in Italy. In the war against the Vandals, Belisarius used auxiliary Hunnic horse archers against Vandal lancers. From the sixth century onwardsthe Romans used composite Hunnic bows. These bows were made of wood with sinew and horn glued together. The maximum range of such a bow was 300 metres and the effective range against an armoured target was 100 metres. Crossbowmen became common in the Byzantine Army only during the Crusades under Frankish influence.

[@brandonquezada9523]

Horse archers were also used by the western Roman Empire at some point

[@samiman5606]

The bizantine empire got defeated many times by the fathimd caliphate berbers

[@athiocordatus9572]

@@samiman5606 Fatimids and the ERE had very limited conflict compared to the Umayyads and the Abbasid wars against Anatolia. It would be strange to use a wording as "got defeated many times" in this case.

[@ArmyRangerSJ]

​@@athiocordatus9572precisely, many great empires bled out due to more than one force to put it simply, decisive wars of subjugation didn't ALWAYS happen so gloriously

[@nelly411]

@@samiman5606 "It says here in this history book that luckily, the good guys have won every single time. What are the odds?"

[@gaddafi3345]

Ck3 must be bout to drop a trailer for their next dlc focus on the eastern Romans

[@coconutperson1985]

The transformation from heavy infantry to light, nomadic style horsemen of Byzantium reminds me of the transition known in Chinese history as 胡服骑射. Wuling king of Zhao modeled his army after northern barbarians during the warring states period, and became one of the strongest of the states. His nation became the only one to remotely challenge the Qin nation later on, though they were crushed under their boot eventually.

[@Subsandsoda]

2 hour video on the byzantine army? Yes please!

[@Mr.KaganbYaltrk]

Please do more videos about Eastern Romans

[@VinnieG-]

West is Best!

[@user-jd1vs9tc6z]

​@@VinnieG-yes but I find the struggle to survive of the East more fascinating

[@user-jd1vs9tc6z]

​@@VinnieG-East is Beast

[@VinnieG-]

@@user-jd1vs9tc6z You mean like the rise of Rome, fighting against the etruscuns, latins, samnites, greeks, barbarians, and on and on

[@user-fd1xo8qw1d]

You got done with the Etruscans and the only thing left was Carthage and a divided to four pieces Greece which sometimes supported you because they started to dislike the Macedonias (Yes we the Greeks are know for our wars between ourselves😅) so you basically had to defeat tow and a half enemies from which one was the real threat , this isn't superior to what was happening in the East as you can see in the video the Easter Romans had to face Vandals, Ostrogoth, Visigoth,Bulgarians,Slavs,Arabs,Persians, Seljuk Turks, Ottomans and Latins​@@VinnieG-

[@alexandrep8320]

Merci ! I just start the video but I'm especially fan of the Eastern Roman Empire. Art is already awesome. Speaker is awesome. Music is awesome. So here is a tip.

[@KAI-bk6vb]

Medieval Roman history is making a comeback.

[@cichlid9626]

Actually start as roman empire and slowly become greek it mostly a greek mediaval history

[@KAI-bk6vb]

@@cichlid9626 There is a kernel of truth to what you are saying. Surely the history of the Greek nation is interwoven with the Roman Empire. But the medieval Roman Empire neither becomes a Greek state, nor is it singularly Greek history.

[@nickrabbitson1821]

@@KAI-bk6vb it is also virtually impossible to consider it Roman after the great schism. Rome was alive, independent and…to a certain extent an adversary of this Greek-speaking state. In fact, the ERE is the epitome of the phrase “Rome conquered Greece by force and Greece conquered Rome by culture”.

[@user-be4nm1fq5w]

@@nickrabbitson1821 Impossible only to those who don't know an inkling about history. The importance that Rome the city itself held for Roman national identity was merely symbolic after Constantine, the so called Great. Yes, the that Constantine who built "New Rome" on old Byzantium. The reality is that Old Rome was not even the capital any more. A basic tenet of post 3rd century Roman imperial history is that wherever the Roman emperor stayed, "there was Rome" as the Romans liked to say. In the west, Ravenna and Milan were the Imperial capitals. In the East, Nicaea and Constantinople were the nominal capitals. Rome retained its symbolic meaning well into the 8th to 9th century AD. The Romans of the East continued to honor Old Rome well into the 13th century, but it was obvious to all by then that the Empire was slowly dying.

[@nickrabbitson1821]

@@user-be4nm1fq5w no it is impossible because it goes against common sense. By mixing terminologies we can call everyone Roman, British, American, etc. The Roman tribe, part of the modern Italian nation stayed in Rome. They didn’t get exterminated, or vanished by mixing with Germans. The “greek world” didn’t vanish either when they got roman citizenship. Then the western part fell and at some point around 800-900 AD 90% of the “roman” territory was historically greek, inhabited by mostly Greeks (together with Armenians and Slavs) and were speaking….wait for it. Greek. Already by 1000AD scholars from ERE are making a connection with the Hellenic past. Michael Psellos is one that quickly comes to mind.

[@terry7907]

Your fluency in medieval Greek is impressive.

[@MindfulHistoricalInsights]

"The level of research and attention to detail is impressive. You've made history feel accessible and exciting. Keep up the fantastic work!"

[@cichlid9626]

with the start of the arab byzantine wars the child of the roman empire slowly passed in greek hands many of the units in army renamed with greek language just like protostates means in greek those who stand 1st in battle and many more in renamed units and orders in soldiers all had mostly greek names

[@battlehymnoftherepublic6037]

I'm not sure what the goal is in highlighting the Greek hands part. The main language doesn't change the status of the Roman Empire as Roman. Language doesn't define nationality, it's just the means by which people agree to convey thoughts for communication. The main language of the Roman civilization was not only Latin, it was also Greek. Greek was like a second language to the Romans. The only thing that changes after Heraclius is that Greek decisively becomes the primary language while Latin slowly withers away. To be fair, Latin wasn't disregarded or anything extreme like that. After Dalmatia, Illyria and Beirut were taken by the Slavs and Arabs, the rest of the Empire's Latin-speakers were greatly outnumbered by those speaking Greek. Latin was still spoken in Thessalonica and Constantinople until 900 AD, but it wasn't common enough to survive. It was a wise and very tactical decision for the state to rely more heavily on Greek, because Latin wasn't spoken as much any more.

[@cichlid9626]

@@battlehymnoftherepublic6037 the ultimate question as many romans said at last rome conquere greece or greece conquere rome.the population does not dissapear sicily the greek penninsula macedonia and thrace populated by 80%from greeks so natturally they gain the control of the empire in the 1st 300 years mostly of them they prefer themselfes as romans and not as greeks when the rome fall to barbarians but after 300 years with the start of the arab wars the empire passes in greek hands slowly in the army all units take greek names all orders in army replaced from latin to greek and with the start of the arab wars the empire were mostly in greek hands the fact that you comfuse in that romans and greeks had similar coulture and they had the same gods and 2 languages spoken in the empire in asia minor the language was greek and latin was not speak at all usually when you write somethink its the most common way you speak

[@antoniobautista6718]

Kings and Generals back again with another high quality documentary!

[@MauricedelTaco]

Eastern Roman history is so rich. ty for the video

[@fideliselan]

I'm so glad this channel exists. Thank you for all your hard work and dedication to the study of history. This is what is best about KZbin.

[@davidhughes8357]

After many years of studying Roman military history ( Western and Eastern) your documentaries have become invaluable to me for both factual detail and visualization !! Thank you so much as usual!!!

[@georgezachos7322]

Here we go again! 😮😊

[@liambeirowski4680]

Wow guys, awesome video! Love y'all and thank you for this!

[@RubberToeYT]

Amazing artwork and video as always

[@user-yr4js5zq1k]

Thanks again for bringing to life a forgotten by many empire!

[@knightalmu5587]

2 hours of showing every detail why a country survived for centuries its just the best thing I could ask for please make this type of videos for other civilisations

[@hydroac9387]

The visuals are simply amazing. They expertly supplement and illustrate the concepts and ideas. Well done!

[@tylermorrison420]

Great content as always

[@user-dq4im8dl1m]

This is my favourite youtube channel

[@thatcherrytree6928]

Crazy content, love you guys :)

[@Sophocles13]

Yes! Thank you for new content!!!

[@Uzair_Of_Babylon465]

Great video keep it up you're doing amazing things 😁😀

[@imperialstormtrooper1054]

Great video as always. Coincidently I am writing a paper right now about Eastern Roman military innovations. This will help out a a lot.

[@jozzieokes3422]

Keep up the amazing content!

[@43drak]

Enjoyed this presentation, thank you for making this.

[@lordsotelo44_]

Now this is my type of video

[@wisephilosopher]

Kings and Generals is great about depicting history accurately without any bias. Kudos to this channel and keep it coming with new Byzantine empire videos.

[@normtrooper4392]

The eastern roman empire, my beloved.

[@JohnnyJay81]

Oh sweet, so happy for this.

[@robbabcock_]

Wow! What an epic video!

[@thesittingacheroraptor7565]

This video just makes wish for a total-war style game where you can customize your troops down to the training and equipment, like can you imagine a pike/shield/gun combo unit? Or a Lance/Grenade slingers combo Heavy Cavalry?

[@stanbatakarata6081]

Bulgarian Heavy Cavalery is 7-10 century best Hevy cavalery in world 100% this.Full iron plate Armory long spiers 4 meters 35 cantumetes edge sabers 90cantimeters and reflex bow .Kalashniov in Era.

[@madmarvshighwaywarrior2870]

You can have a game where armament would be customizable but on less scale like that of Mount and Blade (around 300 Men in battle) as compared to thousands of Men in total war.

[@LazyLifeIFreak]

This long format video is excellent for needle work or building stuff in minecraft!

[@Nasir3623]

Excellent video.

[@icarus7191]

Fascinating

[@fufutul3258]

Oh this is new❤

[@mattpelter]

I love the CK2 music usage.

[@georginhoweahvic3977]

Fantastic!

[@jievejustinleyes1048]

Bro your thumbnails looked so great... Where do you edit it? What app?

[@grafneun]

Great Video the eastern Roman Empire is always so interesting

[@MrKapouetsky]

Great vid. One comment though. Found it curious to see left handed fighter @1:01:11 for example. Anyway, GREAT job at synthetising such an obscure subject for us westerner. TY very much

[@FiveChannelW]

Very interesting content!

[@toufegariouogios]

The longest lived Empire in history,more than 1000 years!!

[@kristijangrgic9841]

from 753 BC to 1452 AD

[@magistermilitumbelisarius5365]

Yep, the Roman Empire.

[@toufegariouogios]

@@magistermilitumbelisarius5365 It was the Byzantine Empire,not the Roman.

[@inhocsignovinces8957]

@@toufegariouogios Facepalm...dude, there was no Byzantine Empire. It was the Roman Empire.

[@athanasiusdicia117]

@@toufegariouogios It was Roman Empire till the very last moment. There's no imperial, Ecclesiastical or scholar document of its days , naming it as Byzantine.

[@jam3scruz859]

Nice topic on the under appreciated Eastern Empire that endured a few hundred years more to keep the Legacy of Rome alive.

[@MrGopiii]

great vid bro

[@MrGopiii]

ahhaha actually is one of the bests jajajaja, have to watch it again

[@majorianus8055]

Awesome!"🎉

[@f3wbs]

I've watched all of the individual videos already because I'm trying to master the Byzantines in Medieval 2 and Attila (1212AD). Still I'm glad to have one video as a reference point; it makes life much easier and notes shorter.

[@madmarvshighwaywarrior2870]

You should try the Stainless Steel mod for M2TW

[@f3wbs]

I’m thinking about it. Apparently the Byzantines are really good in it.

[@fulkyallgloogluee1834]

I absolutely love and appreciate all your truely amazing information filled and incredibly entertaining videos and I hope yall never forget how talented amazing and appreciated Yall are 🫶🥰😇

[@valhalla-tupiniquim]

I'm not a specialist, but 1.000 years for an Empire is quite a long time. The Ottomans lasted for 600 years. What I can see with my layman eyes is that the empire was placed in the crossroads. It means it need to deal with enemies from east and west. If I were a Bizantine emperor, I would choose to give up some land either from the east or the west in order to create a barrier between empires.

[@yurigagarin9765]

The Byzantines continued giving up land from all directions for centuries, up until they were reduced to a single city.

[@gm2407]

Their main issue was political instability. The military was strong until the 14th century, even after catastrophies. But look how weak the Basilios position was to usurpations, and mutinies from 1st century AD till the end. The Palleologie seem to have lasted the longest due to the civil war being two dynasts and inexplicably the successes of the penultimate emperor who maintained the state through diplomacy for decades.

[@valhalla-tupiniquim]

​@@gm2407, Thank you.

[@stanbatakarata6081]

​@gm2407 😂 strong ! 😂joke for Era .Little frends East Roman Empire lost 70 % for all Battle vs Bulgarian Empire Bulgaria is only big 7 century oponent in Europa for East Roman Empire

[@gm2407]

@@stanbatakarata6081 At the start of the 7th century Rome was facing Persia, then Islamic expansion. Slavs had entered the Balkans. Trying to recover back to the Danube was a long term battle for them, it seems to have been a secondary priority until the late Macedonian period in the 10th and 11th centuries. But throughout much of the period the military was strong enough to control much of the land it maintained even if it was a slow decline. The worst disaster Manzikert requiring an effective rebuild. There were multiple leadership failures in that. But yes Bulgaria clearly has a good record against them and the Romans seemingly only getting a limited success period. Still absorbed the first Empire.

[@irfandurmus1]

Perfect video.

[@kingmalcolm9605]

I live for this ish...

[@gyges5495]

Awesome!

[@richardtabor8686]

Oh wow. This will be watched several times. Ty for the content.

[@xyz8512]

Excellent.

[@Brady3035]

I was watching another thing on Rome and this popped up I instantly switched over Lol

[@gm2407]

I suspect that the pronaoi has a similar structure to things we see in Doomsday book in England. It is effectively similar to having the 'honour' of certain assets. Also the Oikeois are effectively Housekarls. Let us remember that Scandinavians had been highly active in Anglo Saxon lands, Normandy and Byzantine mercenaries including Verangians. Also a large group of disenfranchised Anglo Saxons left England post 1066. Granted Alexios ruled from the 1080s, however Pronaoi seems a similar system for enfranchising followers lacking in assets who happen already to be there.

[@HistoryHaty]

Thank you for this video. The Byzantine Empire is my favorite medieval kingdom. As someone who love learning about military history, I love knowing about the army and weapons. Amazing how the terror of the trenchs of World War I, the flame thrower, originated from the wonder weapon of the Byzantine navy ships. Greek fire terrorized enemy ships but the flame thrower the trenchs. Can you also make a video either about WWI German stormtroopers or WWII British SAS. Thanks again👍👍🫡❤️

[@stanbatakarata6081]

No kingdom. Empirie

[@HistoryHaty]

@@stanbatakarata6081 Oh sorry. It was ruled by a emperor.

[@stanbatakarata6081]

@HistoryHaty no problem bro.

[@HistoryHaty]

@@stanbatakarata6081 👍👍👍👍

[@stanbatakarata6081]

@@HistoryHaty thanks for your good 👍 comments. Good day budy

[@herrwolf7702]

1:42:25 "they could even do a little bit of trolling" lmao

[@skootos]

Some people think that East Roman Empire was in “Dark Ages” like the Western Europe. Could you make a video showing what E.R.Es creation of civilization? Both material and spiritual like the slavery ban by Manuel Komnenos.

[@legioromanaxvii7644]

Roman history is so awesome!

[@undertaker1147]

Perfect. I shall watch this while forming the Roman Empire as the byzantines

[@stevenmugnaini2938]

is that where musical chairs came from? every so often, when the trumpet sounds, the odd man standing around or left scrambling for cover,,, is out

[@condeaarondarkusexcubitor3155]

As Thanos said: *"I´m going to enjoy this as you cannot imagine"*

[@Willys-Wagon]

Given the prevalence of feoderati, I wonder how streamlined was Byzantine command structure. The general in command would also need intimately knowledge of the hodgepodge array of units under command and where to place them along the line based on not only their abilities but also loyalty.

[@user-nz1eu8cz1d]

I know that this question is asked very often but can any one infrorm about the title of the excellent and very atmospheric byzantine soundtrack and its composer? Also how can I find also other Kings and Generals sountracks? Many thanks in advance.

[@ebikeslapunta9294]

2 hour video went by in a flash

[@natehouse3454]

I wonder if we as a community could crowd fund your team to make a movie about this extremely interesting people.

[@HayaiDemoN]

Medieval Greek history is one of my favourites. Especially from Kings and Generals, the narration as well as the animation are highly addictive👏

[@magistermilitumbelisarius5365]

It's not Greek. It's the Roman Empire, the Roman state and Constantinopolis is Nova Roma, the new capital of the Romans. Since it's not an empire created by Greeks, or even exclusively Greek, it was never a Greek empire.

[@HayaiDemoN]

@@magistermilitumbelisarius5365 it's Greek. Roman citizenship but Greek ethnicity. Especially during the later era. West(Latins) called it empire of the Greeks, Varangians called them Greece etc. Of course many territories were multicultural, but the majority of its citizens and the core of the empire was consisted by Greeks simply because the east part of the empire was expanded in places where Greeks lived for hundreds of years if not thousands. Why else would they adopt Greek as official language? Simple as that. It's like claiming that the Holy Roman Empire was a Roman empire and not German. You can name it as you like, but facts are facts.

[@magistermilitumbelisarius5365]

@@HayaiDemoN No, it wasn't Greek, despite whatever mental gymnastics you make up to conclude that. The ethnicity of most of the emperors, generals and soldiers was not Greek. What the western Europeans called it (for political reasons) also does not matter. They were also not Latins btw. The eastern half of the Roman Empire was speaking Greek as a common language since Alexander the Great, but this does not mean that the Romans of the East were ethnically Greek. Today over 1 billion people speak English as a common language, but we are not all ethnically English. Your logic does not make sense at all.

[@HayaiDemoN]

@@magistermilitumbelisarius5365 just check a map during the reign of Basil the II for example. The area that the empire is expanded are mostly on Greek territories/cities. But since you claim it's not Greek then who where the inhabitants of western Anatolia or mainland Greece? Italians/Romans? Aliens? What do you suggest?? Greek was spoken in Anatolia/Asia Minor and the Lebanon/Israel coastline long before Alexander the Great conquered this territories. Google is your friend, just search a map of ancient greek colonization. The Byzantine army sure had many mercenaries but that doesn't prove anything you claim. And the majority of the Byzantine Emperors were Greek or half Greek. Where do you get your facts, just do some research before you respond.

[@magistermilitumbelisarius5365]

@@HayaiDemoN You are wrong. During Basil II's reign, the Roman Empire consisted of many different lands. The Empire controlled parts of Syria, Armenia, vast parts of Asia Minor, Bulgaria, Serbia and parts of Italy. Greece was just a small part of it. A far cry from being an ethnically Greek nation-state. Asia Minor was not a Greek land. Check a map of ancient Anatolia to see who lived there. Phrygia, Isauria, Galatia and Cilicia were not ethnically Greek. Like we said, Greek was the common language since Alexander the Great, but that doesn't mean that the people living in the East were ethnically Greek or even considered themselves Greek. The early Christians were Jews who spoke Greek, like St. Paul of Tarsus. Is he Greek, too? Come on now.

[@rext87able]

super curious where do you get your music for this video?

[@Nick-hi9gx]

The rhomphaia seems to be something of a catch-all for several centuries of weapons that were similar to the falx. Some were more curved than others, but that is true of the falx as well. The curvature on the rhomphaia often started in a different part of the blade, and at a different angle to most falx, but there was variation in the few examples that exist, and the depictions. They are kind of like a the many Japanese nagamaki without much curve, but with the blade sharpened on the other side.

[@ozgurefeeroglu8117]

I m so curious about how you conduct your research all of your videos are so well researched and I am simply amazed I would really like to learn how to do this effective research. Keep up the extremely good work big fan

[@anselmdanker9519]

Great presentation on byzantium 😊

[@KingsandGenerals]

Thanks!

[@user-lx1ez6tf9r]

Make a video on the Sassanid empire military

[@pakshirajan8585]

Please make a video on Magadhan Dynasties

[@Alex-jm9ef]

Watch cowdung worshipping video

[@MarcusAgrippa390]

11:47 Damn... I read that as "Prostate infantry"

[@gm2407]

I hear the enemy found them a pain in the backside.

[@tabush142]

I highly recommend everyone to take a listen to the History of Byzantium podcast by Robin Pierson if you have not yet! He does an excellent job covering all things Eastern Rome from the fall of Rome working towards the fall in 1453. Eastern Roman History is one of the most fascinating subjects out there

[@nath-hh2ff]

Love Roman history from any time period east or west

[@locomotivebearingdown5381]

Roman Empire, 27 BC - 1453 AD Hail Caesar

[@TheRezro]

Papal State and San Marino still exist.

[@tomriley5790]

It's a bit ironic to be listening to a the account of a 6th century military tactician berating people for being stuck in the past and encouraging people to focus on modern equipment and tactics. The evolution of Eastern Rome's miltiary from legoinaires to mounted horse archers was very impressive, it's a shame they weren't able to make the transition to gunpowder or they may have been able to resist the Otomans. Amazing that the walls of Constantiople/istambul lasted so long! It's interesting that the Stratgicon is so much less known than Sun Tzu's book.

[@ryantinloy4965]

Some of my favorites episodes deal with the Byzantine Empire, caliphates and turkish peoples like the Cumans. Maybe one day I'll get to see an episode on the Pechenegs. 😃

[@ericponce8740]

Maurice was an excellent general. When he became emperor, the era of the emperors staying in Constantinople and sitting on the throne and not taking charge of the army, was over.

[@cirthador1453]

Love me some Byzantine content

[@Gen.berseker25]

Video idea: How the Eastern Roman Empire went from Latin to Greek.

[@KingsandGenerals]

At some point, something along these lines

[@nickrabbitson1821]

@@KingsandGenerals very curious to see “these lines”. When you started your channel you were presenting the ERE as a Christian Greco-Roman entity which is undeniably correct. Lately, you have began to omit the “Greco” part and emphasise on the “Roman”, due to heavy pressure from certain…TotalWar gamers. I can’t wait to be proven wrong, as I always thought of you as a somewhat objective channel.

[@JohnMinehan-lx9ts]

I wrote a paper in the MIOAC on the Siege of Constantinople as one of the first modern combined arms battles . . . .

[@stanbatakarata6081]

Aha true in Cresy is first in Europa.But Constantinopol is Best Artilery in middle age.

[@mikloskiss3475]

Hungarian Orban was put in jail by the Emperor after refused his offer and the Turkish helped him to escape. That is why he made the gun for the Ottomans.

[@user-nz1eu8cz1d]

I didn't know about that.One thing is sure.He was killed when his own gun exploded.

[@madmarvshighwaywarrior2870]

1:23:02 it is not "amulgavars" but Almogavars, from the Arabic word "Al-mughabir" meaning raider. Also Arabic-derived words tend to begin with the "al" syllable. Wish this video also showed the Frankish and Germanic mercenaries of the Eastern Roman Empire.

[@pikasnoop6552]

Well, it only took a thousand years, but the Roman empire finally values scouting.

[@WingsHype]

I never read of Strategikon... Thanks

[@marshaljones4118]

Love the work that goes into this 🦭

[@jozzieokes3422]

The gothic army of 6th century italy woule be a interesting topic.