Roger Penrose: Time, Black Holes, and the Cosmos

[@Kronzik]

Roger Penrose is one of the greatest human minds to ever exist and a personal hero of mine. Thank you Brian and Sir Roger for bringing this conversation to us!

[@HarryNicNicholas]

the penrose tiles thing is what brought him to my notice, it's one thing to be smart, but to be smart outside your field, and to solve 100 year old problems for fun boggles me. i was beginning to think his marbles had begun escaping when he brought up the subject of micro-tubules, but it seems there might even be something to that. my hero too.

[@Kronzik]

@@HarryNicNicholas I get that; like your hesitancy with microtubules, I felt that way about his views on the brain NOT being a classical computer of sorts. Now I’m sold on quantum processes , super radiance and quantum optics playing a major role in our objective experience.

[@juggy-ik7qy]

Sir Roger is to me in physics what Stan Lee was in comics. I'll shed tears when we lose him.

[@softseagreens]

And what a treasure of a human being he is...!!!

[@jhmerkaba8080]

Completely agree, Penrose is my hero too.

[@rachel_rexxx]

I'm impressed by his coherence at 93. We should all hope to be so lucky.

[@gmork1090]

I'm not this coherent at 43. :|

[@bendybruce]

@@gmork1090 And I'm on rapid decline at 56. The man is truly remarkable.

[@АлександрГодзиковский-ь1р]

People like him are really blessed.

[@1ForTheShieldz]

He's 34, married at 18.. marriage has that effect on me

[@oliverjamito9902]

Beloved my pop Penrose stronger than many! Why? Keep watch! Pop Penrose I can't complain! But need to keep up with Thee! Thy Son is 47 years old! Not till can reach thy Age pop! Pop Penrose at least thy Son can do is to washed thy Feet to be given New Feet! Old Feet can't come where ye are going? Yes, thy Son able to forgive!

[@ClayFarrisNaff]

What an extraordinary privilege it is to be able to hear a conversation between a Nobel laureate who not only continues to explore the frontiers of knowledge but does so in unconventional, not to say eccentric, ways, and an accomplished, seasoned theoretical physicist who is also one of the great science communicators of our time. It's fascinating to glimpse and even to feel the tensions in the physics community, and at the same time to appreciate how much confirmed and shared knowledge we have gained. I'm enlightened; I'm uplifted; and I'm grateful. Thank you both.

[@brendawilliams8062]

Beyond blessed

[@innosanto]

He is not just a Nobel Laureate he is a legend.

[@ก.ไก่สระอี]

เกือบปีไม่ได้ดูทุกวัน ฉันกำลังหยุดดูกับเวลาหลายเดือน.ทำให้ฉันรู้สึก มีความรู้น้อยลง เมื่อฉันหยุดดู

[@johnbell2722]

Thank you for finding the right words, which exactly describe how I feel about this vlog.

[@onajejones3259]

Eccentric is truly undermining

[@thomasreisman970]

As an old person myself it's a delight to see someone with such a young, active, creative mind.

[@sabirsadiq-ys9po]

Write in google: singularity sphere in the heart of a black hole ❤😂

[@GunnarRósarsson]

I'm 68 right now. Feel like I'm 8, listening to these guys. When I grow up I wanna be like Dr. Penrose.

[@pseudonayme7717]

😄

[@chilledadvocate8502]

Me too sir

[@WhitePeopleAreAlbinos]

Albino I know that feeling feels likes are taking forever 😊

[@fras0132]

4 lol

[@MrGSTYLIAN]

Likewise. I am 65 and just started my studies in natural sciences.

[@SANG0I]

It’s honestly incredible how well Penrose can explain a concept at his age! Unreal human being.

[@genghisgalahad8465]

I think it COMES with age!

[@mehridin]

he is a role model for all amazing people

[@jasonshapiro9469]

Him and Noam C. both seem to be freaks in that way

[@michael-4k4000]

Apple

[@chaosking911]

I mean not great, the age is showing in his ability to stay coherent. What's your point exactly in obfuscating that easily observable fact?

[@hugegamer5988]

I’ll never forget watching Roger Penrose speak in person at University, he has always been a very eloquent speaker.

[@CognizantApe]

That's awesome, I know that was interesting. Lol By chance do you know if this is a "newer" conversation? I know this channel reposts older conversations sometimes.

[@andrewsarchus6036]

Reading The Emperor's New Mind as a young man caused me to go back to Uni and study physics. Prof Penrose directly changed my life for the better and he will always be my Prof.

[@mountjlswgoh7111]

What I love about this discussion is that it epitomises what science is all about. Sir Roger has his perspective. Alan Guth has a contrary perspective. And neither throws their toys out of the pram about the others' perspective. Progressing knowledge by cordial argument, but neither being unwaveringly steadfast (or obstinate, if you will) that their opinion is unequivocally correct. I love it.

[@Dadas0560]

And you call that science? I call that science-fiction.

[@mehridin]

penrose > gut

[@djayjp]

I would agree if not for his apparent disinterest with trying to understand his detractors' povs.

[@HarryNicNicholas]

@@Dadas0560 well you're probably not very smart, so go back to scratching your head and wondering and leave it to science to figure out how to boil a kettle for you.

[@HarryNicNicholas]

@@djayjp his detractors probably aren't worth the effort. people like penrose do their job and couldn't give a monkeys what people think of it. the knighthood and the nobel says it all, it's not THEM who are dumb.

[@helisoma]

put simply this discourse with Dr. Penrose and how Brian tries to elucidate it in depth is no less than a gift to humanity for the ages, and years from now i hope Dr. Penrose model will be appreciated and accepted for the brilliance that it represents

[@anthonyfiolet8930]

I don't know why but listening to this man makes me feel good

[@HarryNicNicholas]

it's good to know that _someone_ understands how the universe works. or at least can make _very_ educated guesses.

[@farhanrejwan]

can't disagree at all, been listening to him since 2017. damn he's aging.

[@brendawilliams8062]

@@HarryNicNicholas When you feel like your setting in one chair and then the next and the the next at a movie theater. Then it seems to always bring me back to the Penrose cinema chair

[@HIIIBEAR]

@@HarryNicNicholaslook who it is!

[@TheAnalogRebellion]

Every interview with Roger Penrose is a treasure. I'm grateful he does so many. Thank you!!

[@brendawilliams8062]

I wish I could have one a week

[@junkgyre5301]

I COULD LISTEN TO PENROSE RAMBLE ALL DAY.

[@brendawilliams8062]

He doesn’t ramble. He tries to make it simple. If he didn’t you wouldn’t have a chance

[@rdallas81]

​​@@brendawilliams8062Its still rambling. It all depends on the perspective of the viewer. From the outside, his words appear as bytes of changing frequency over time- to the ear, as rambling- But breaking down previously mentioned syllables into tangible bits of information results in sentences structured information which describes events. One chooses to calculate the total to come to a concise conclusion- Or As preferred by some means- sound bytes that may assist in the process of sleep 😴. Ahh. The universe and all of its corridors, intricacies. The closer you look, the more to see- even a single grain of sand in a universe in of itself....but I digress in my rambling, in my own way, gambling, sampling bits of information and pieces, a byte or two of my word pizza 🍕.

[@brendawilliams8062]

I don’t use weird headphones. But good luck

[@JoeyCbr]

​@rdallas81 These Rambles get more and more complex but still don't answer the great puzzle @20:25 or the questions why and how are we here but what else would I rather watch to kill time. I just hope that there is more chance of finding the answer to what is the meaning of life here, than something like the Kardashians 😂

[@baseshorts4520]

Roger Penrose ability to describe physics, cosmos and mathematics is impressive! He is the greatest mind of our time and Im glad we live in his area!

[@prameshsahu1957]

Wow good for you,,,you should meet him

[@gettingstuffdoneright5332]

Sir Roger is a patient, gracious giant of a soul & mind, thank you for this extended interview.

[@tinytim71301]

Sir Roger Penrose! 🫡. Love his demeanor. Never condescending. Always brilliant.

[@chinookvalley]

I miss my dad. Roger reminds me so much of him. Dad died with a brilliant mind at the age of 91, only because he wanted to be with his wife of 65 years. RIP mom and dad.

[@sureshchhetri7664]

BEST CHANNEL FOR SCIENCE LOVERS.

[@RandallHeath1121]

What a delightful combination of personalities and insights. Thank you!

[@kevinsayes]

I believe that some of Sir Roger’s theories that are more “out there,” such as cyclic cosmology and his ideas on consciousness, will end up being proven correct one day in the far future.

[@lipgloss202]

I love listening to Penrose explaining things.

[@js27-a5t]

Honestly, I wish for every moment I've gotten in trouble in my life, I had a Penrose in my pocket. My mom telling me to clean my room: "Well, the mess in the room is just entropy and is actually caused by (etc.)."

[@brendawilliams8062]

His company is like a friend

[@Centurianarv]

@@js27-a5t so many ways to be disordered but only one way it was originally

[@mahmoudmassoud5903]

Kudos to Professor Brian Greene who masterfully conducted this fascinating conversation with Professor Roger Penrose.

[@geoffwales8646]

He's a treasure!

[@brendawilliams8062]

He was perfect at maintaining the mathematical balance of questioning

[@christopherwhittaker2620]

Brian is a fantastic interviewer he really is.

[@-danR]

Greene was fine up until nearly the end, where he (successfully) drew out Penrose to mildly voice his departure from (modernized) string...uh, 'theory (theories)'... and then countered with a rebuttal of the objection by, ironically enough, presenting a scattershot of leading edge string -theory- conjecture variants, with a so-that's-a-wrap, thank-you very much, The End (roll classy music outro). Penrose was clear that he found the original concept of strings intriguing, and Greene could have ended by asking, "OK, elaborate on the features of string theory that you took a fancy to?...what could have been a better path to explore?"

[@juggy-ik7qy]

@@-danR Brian couldn't be that classy because he has a grift to protect. He's always great until someone points out that String hypothesis hasn't really achieved anything.

[@4211Rob]

This is one of the most beautiful conversations I have ever heard. Thank you.

[@haroldwhitney6130]

I have grown to really love Penrose. I love his style of speaking and his infinitely sincere passion for physics.

[@Futuresolidsnake]

I love to see two scientists working on different theories having a great discussion on why they believe the way they do. It just shows how extraordinarily complex the math gets when dealing with things that are far, far into the future and way, way back in the past. I respect Roger and Brian so much for their honesty and humility they show when they have disagreements. It shows people like myself, how to listen to other people’s opinions and even if I don’t agree, show respect towards them and learn whatever I can from their differing point of view. Thanks for sharing this wonderful video. I am eternally grateful to you both for such a enlightening and entertaining conversation! 😃👍🏻👍🏻

[@Jackson09]

Man if everyone could just grasp this simple act of having a conversation with someone who has an opposing view, I can only imagine how great a world we could live in together... unfortunately politics and yes religion (sometimes the worst offender to this idea) basically keep the majority of the population from ever learning, much less practicing these type of dialogues/conversations...so many are still of the ingrained mindset that, if your not on my team, then you "must" be against me...Why as human being is so damn hard to realize the obvious, that being, we all have FAR MORE IN COMMON, than we do in differences...It starts with how we are indoctrinated from the beginning, and while breaking away from that indoctrination can and does happen, for many it's so ingrained to believe that should they question what they've been told, then the whole thing will just crumble to the ground...And this couldn't be wrong. Always love listening to Sir Roger...I have a feeling he is far ahead of his time....

[@Futuresolidsnake]

@@Jackson09 I couldn’t have said it better myself. I don’t get to say this often, but I agree 100%. Religion is where it all begins, they start brainwashing their young parishioners into their cults. They pretty much inoculate them from asking questions. They teach them to be obedient and to be afraid of Gods wrath. Until they are afraid to even think about the inconsistencies that are found all through their religion. And the truth becomes a very scary thing that must be avoided. Because anyone that looks to closely might just be tempted by Satan and could cause unholy thoughts to arise. And fear is a powerful tool. And religion’s have been using it as the foundation for controlling their sheep for thousands of years. I bet you felt pretty alone when you were growing up. Anyone who chooses to look more deeply eventually will be either cast out or pretending to believe something they know isn’t true. It’s hard to go against the beliefs of family and friends. But it’s harder to just ignore the truth and pretend everything is okay. It’s truly a evil thing to do that to adults, but they do it to children. Anyway, I guess I sound a bit obsessive. 😂 I just let my thoughts go wild and unloaded all that. And I somehow believe you know what I’m talking about. Just a hunch. Anyway, thanks for the reply. Feel free to chat anytime. And have a great day! 😃👍🏻

[@workingTchr]

I'll be watching this again (and maybe again). Brian Green understands what Penrose is saying about "the basic puzzle" but I (at the moment) don't yet understand it. In the past, I was encouraged that Greene understood something that most people didn't.

[@BabarizamDK]

I think its a an enlightening conversation (as Doctor Greene put it). There is nothing more beautiful than two people having conversation who shares a difference of opinion yet able to talk about it without being personal.

[@AnuradhaKrishnaa]

Thanks for inviting Penrose🤩

[@chadriffs]

Roger gives me hope that we can evolve and never lose our inquisitiveness, thanks Brian!

[@akirasthecat]

Sir Roger Penrose has a beautiful mind! 🫶

[@AAAA-j5u8s]

Very well edited with the graphics in the background.

[@SciTrickShorts]

I could listen to Penrose ramble all day-he’s just that fascinating!

[@ritik_baliyan]

Brian hasn't changed his dress code since the beginning of time.

[@johnporten8303]

He has also been trapped in the string theory loop for just as long.

[@pantherstealth1645]

@@johnporten8303😂😂😂😂😂😂

[@HarryNicNicholas]

me neither, it's shameful isn't it? or does it matter?

[@HarryNicNicholas]

penrose needs to do something about his hair or he'll never get a nobel.

[@HarryNicNicholas]

penrose will never get a knighthood wearing jumpers like that.

[@АлександрГодзиковский-ь1р]

What a wonderful Man Sir Roger is!!! Thank you so much for inviting him!

[@alexolah1313]

Ome of the best interviews Roger Penrose has had in the past few years. He was coeherent and on point.

[@moftan]

Very interesting to see this interview at all since Greene is one of the most prominent defenders of string theory which Penrose considers a fantasy.

[@archaeoastronomy8429]

I could repeat the kudos already said, but I will keep it short and just send a heart-felt, mind-zapped THANK YOU to both of you!!!

[@abbasmokhtarzadeh4198]

It's great to hear and share more of these basic pillars of reasoning to understand more and better our nature, universe, and cosmos! At the time that public media and IT created a culture of very short domain attention on listening and viewing, these long, concentrated, and focused talks and programs of WSF are great to train back our mind and thought towards scientific thinking and actions. Thank you, World Science Festival (WSF).🔭☀️🌳☘️❤️

[@MrPwncake]

What’s remarkable is how Sir Roger remains so youthful, imaginative, wildly creative, stubborn as a youngkin, but mixes it with age old wisdom, common sense, and deep insight from experience. A truly remarkable human being. Enjoy him while we still have him folks. When he’s proven to be right, we all can retell stories about how we were with him along the way to the truth about the Big Bang, the wrongness of quantum mechanics, and consciousness.

[@THEmomentumJUNK1E]

Hear Hear! Well said!

[@erichodge567]

Roger Penrose needs to tell us all now, right now, how to live 93 years and retain the level of mental clarity he so obviously still has. I have never seen anything like it.

[@darylb5564]

You just start with an off the chart baseline…

[@ericgraham8150]

I was thinking that too. :)

[@ilkoderez601]

Awesome. Great to hear from Roger himself. I listen to channels that talk about Roger's work (PBS Space TIme) and it's just nice to hear from him. Thank you!

[@vanov88]

I've heard Penrose talk about this conformal cyclic cosmology model many times and for the first time it finally clicked for me at 34min in the video. I wish there was more interest in CCC to see if it really hold.

[@gmork1090]

It's impossible to observe or study. Like wormholes or white holes and other theoretical phenomena they only work in math, not in physics. It makes sense intuitively, but physics often doesn't make intuitive sense. Way more often than we'd like.

[@HarryNicNicholas]

@@gmork1090 i'd be wary of using the word "impossible" when it comes to physics. didn't clarke have a quote about that?

[@HarryNicNicholas]

it makes perfect sense that this universe isn't unique, given that matter / energy have to be eternal CCC explains where it comes from and where it goes. even if it is "impossible" to prove (hahahahha) it still makes sense. i don't know how you'd prove our universe is unique......

[@decembersend9760]

Hi Are you able to explain to me in relatively simple terms what happens at the end of one cosmology al expansion The part where RPsays that the remaining particles are pushed through a sub planck length hole Can't quite conceptualize that

[@moftan]

@@gmork1090not correct. Penrose has elucidated several ways to experimentally show effects from the"eon" before our current one (i.e. signs from before the big bang).

[@coder-x7440]

Brian Greene is a global treasure. That he’s mining the great minds of physics with his own great mind for posterity and the historical record on all are behalf and that of humanity into the next generation is simply more than we deserve.

[@Petrov3434]

This interview is truly extraordinary because Brian Greene is an outstanding interviewer and a top quality scientist, as is the incomparable Roger Penrose, who is 95 years young and still VERY active and productive cosmologist/mathematician. It was a sheer pleasure to listen to interview, including Penrose’s update on the progress of one of his many famous theories, CCC - Conformal Cyclic Cosmology theory. There have been numerous recent interviews with Penrose where he (and I) suffered from arrogant talking heads who didn’t have even minimum courtesy to familiarize themselves with gigantic opus of Roger Penrose. His magnum opus, “The Road to Reality” is, for example, a unique, monumental and comprehensive mathematical foundation of the physical universe. Known for original and bold theories, and scientific refutation of major chic theories in vogue - “Fashion, Faith and Fantasy” book - is a scientific demolition - of universal “string” obsession (even its high priest, Leonard Susskind, is rejecting it now - after decades of young physicists were directed into that futile field), - of quantum mechanics “measurement, etc. problem” which he described not as just “incomplete” as polite Einstein called it, but - wrong, and - of cosmic inflation (with “inflaton” field) which he always maintained is a fantastic nonsense (although he is very good friend with Alan Guth, who received Nobel prize for it). The interview was a sheer and very rare pleasure and a treasure to watch/listen to - even without in depth understanding of some details. While on the subject of praise, I would like to call the attention of all "feinschmeckers" to a recent book by Steven Bratman --- “Spontaneous Order and the Origin of Life” -- an outstanding book that deserves a bestseller recognition... In its Kindle format the author offers it for $2 - in order to promote it.

[@guiart4728]

Roger Penrose is such a treasure! Guaranteed click for me!

[@kokits]

insane to think this is freely available.. thank you!

[@isatousarr7044]

In the realm of quantum mechanics, time isn’t an absolute, flowing entity but rather a dynamic, interconnected part of the universe's fabric. Black holes, with their immense gravitational pull, warp spacetime to such extremes that time itself seems to slow down near their event horizons. To an outside observer, a clock approaching a black hole would appear to tick slower and slower, almost frozen in time as it reaches the event horizon. Yet, from the perspective of that clock or an observer falling into the black hole, time would continue normally until they cross the point of no return. At the quantum level, where particles flicker in and out of existence and uncertainties rule, black holes present an even greater paradox. Quantum theory suggests information can never be destroyed, yet black holes appear to swallow all information beyond retrieval. This is the famous "black hole information paradox," a clash between quantum mechanics and general relativity. As scientists explore ideas like Hawking radiation and the potential for black hole evaporation, they inch closer to a deeper understanding, hinting that black holes might not be the end of time or information, but a gateway to quantum mysteries still waiting to be unraveled.

[@JensOverby]

I don't know why Brian keeps saying it's un-intuitive? I feel Roger here is showing us an impressive insight, and it's a brilliant explanation of some of the mysteries of our universe. It really opens up for the possibility that there was no big bang at all.

[@jHjSquad]

Roger Penrose: 35:30 Well I have to be slightly technical here... Me: *buckling up*

[@Miss__Understands]

It was just group theory.

[@brendawilliams8062]

You have to see symmetry and asymmetry as co partners

[@WhitePeopleAreAlbinos]

Albino wat u buckling up for u coming 2 pick me up 😊

[@AFROJOE2323]

We are spoiled to witness such a conversation.

[@duggydo]

I have always loved the music at the end of the WSF videos. I wish there it was available in a stand alone version somewhere.

[@angelandujar7403]

Beautiful conversation. Thankyou Brian and Roger.

[@magnushorus5670]

thank you for these conversations!

[@hungrydave1977]

Penrose is from Einstein's era. It's incredible to hear his thoughts so coherently today. He's a link between our lives today & special relativity

[@softseagreens]

Roger Penrose is such a treasure, thank you for this new upload!!!

[@johnbell2722]

These two are awesome communicators, bringing complex scientific ideas to the masses in ways that we can understand.Feynman was another great communicator back in the day re quantum mechanics. I am in awe of these guys.

[@mediocre.climber]

Awe inspiring that this man at 90+ is still working on the hardest questions we currently have.

[@nickknowles8402]

Have to admit, this is a lit roger penrose, at his best

[@rob.parsnips]

It’s nice of Brian to give Roger so much time to talk about CCC

[@1Sparrow1]

I agree. Though I hope Roger has many good years left, I think the community and his peers realize he won't be with us forever. With this in mind, they want to give him the chance to document his most current thoughts and perspectives before we lose him. Whether his peers agree with him or not, you can tell they have tremendous respect for him and his contributions.

[@WillieHolland-t7i]

Great people ,no nonsense and easy to follow.

[@NerdyRodent]

Penrose is awesome 👍🏼

[@jyreHeffron]

This is definitely the first time that I really grasp what he's talking about with conformal theory and I commend Brian for his excellent instincts on how to probe for an even greater dive in to the details of the theory in a way that Roger was comfortable with as he is off and irritable with folks who don't seem to get it and can get sidetracked

[@markoszouganelis5755]

Thank you World Science Festival🌈🌈

[@charlieb8735]

It’s such a privilege that someone as brilliant and accomplished Roger Penrose takes the time to do interviews and panels for the benefit of all of us.

[@Petrov3434]

This interview is truly extraordinary because Brian Greene is an outstanding interviewer and a top quality scientist, as is the incomparable Roger Penrose, who is 95 years young and still VERY active and productive cosmologist/mathematician. It was a sheer pleasure to listen to interview, including Penrose’s update on the progress of one of his many famous theories, CCC - Conformal Cyclic Cosmology theory. There have been numerous recent interviews with Penrose where he (and I) suffered from arrogant talking heads who didn’t have even minimum courtesy to familiarize themselves with gigantic opus of Roger Penrose. His magnum opus, “The Road to Reality” is, for example, a unique, monumental and comprehensive mathematical foundation of the physical universe. Known for original and bold theories, and scientific refutation of major chic theories in vogue - “Fashion, Faith and Fantasy” book - is a scientific demolition of universal “string” obsession (even its high priest, Leonard Susskind, is rejecting it now - after decades of young physicists were directed into that futile field), quantum mechanics “measurement, etc. problem” which he described not as just “incomplete” as polite Einstein called it, but - wrong, and cosmic inflation (with “inflaton” field) which he always maintained is a fantastic nonsense (although he is very good friend with Alan Guth, who received Nobel prize for it). The interview was a sheer and very rare pleasure and a treasure to watch/listen to - even without in depth understanding of some details. While on the subject of praise, I would like to call the attention of all "feinschmeckers" to a recent book by Steven Bratman --- “Spontaneous Order and the Origin of Life” -- an outstanding book that deserves a bestseller recognition... In its Kindle format the author offers it for $2 - in order to promote it.

[@billnoll]

Designing wallpapers with Penrose tilings as I listen... thank you Sir Roger Penrose for this humble moment of synchronicity!

[@mike42441]

Hi Roger, always great to hear your thoughts. I believe that your greatest contribution to physics is still yet to come as you continue your work. Thanks again for always sharing your ideas about the universe with us.

[@dorfmanjones]

Roger Penrose comes from an amazing family. His uncle was artist and art critic Sir Roland Penrose, whose son (with American photographer Lee Miller) is Antony Penrose. Penrose is the brother of physicist Oliver Penrose, of geneticist Shirley Hodgson and of chess Grandmaster Jonathan Penrose. Their stepfather was the mathematician and computer scientist Max Newman.

[@Petrov3434]

Thank you !! And -- this interview is truly extraordinary because Brian Greene is an outstanding interviewer and a top quality scientist, as is the incomparable Roger Penrose, who is 95 years young and still VERY active and productive cosmologist/mathematician. It was a sheer pleasure to listen to interview, including Penrose’s update on the progress of one of his many famous theories, CCC - Conformal Cyclic Cosmology theory. There have been numerous recent interviews with Penrose where he (and I) suffered from arrogant talking heads who didn’t have even minimum courtesy to familiarize themselves with gigantic opus of Roger Penrose. His magnum opus, “The Road to Reality” is, for example, a unique, monumental and comprehensive mathematical foundation of the physical universe. Known for original and bold theories, and scientific refutation of major chic theories in vogue - “Fashion, Faith and Fantasy” book - is a scientific demolition - of universal “string” obsession (even its high priest, Leonard Susskind, is rejecting it now - after decades of young physicists were directed into that futile field), - of quantum mechanics “measurement, etc. problem” which he described not as just “incomplete” as polite Einstein called it, but - wrong, and - of cosmic inflation (with “inflaton” field) which he always maintained is a fantastic nonsense (although he is very good friend with Alan Guth, who received Nobel prize for it). The interview was a sheer and very rare pleasure and a treasure to watch/listen to - even without in depth understanding of some details. While on the subject of praise, I would like to call the attention of all "feinschmeckers" to a recent book by Steven Bratman --- “Spontaneous Order and the Origin of Life” -- an outstanding book that deserves a bestseller recognition... In its Kindle format the author offers it for $2 - in order to promote it.

[@THEmomentumJUNK1E]

Dr. Penrose. I hope you happen to read this at some point. I would just like to say these few things.. Your views and feelings on these big existential questions, have always resonated with my own so perfectly. I, like yourself also don't feel comfortable with the exponential expansion as an explanation. The expansion unending, heat death, maximum entropy no detail, the end forever etc... I LOVE your theory of Aeons, and how you say it wasn't initially respected. I fully believe the same and I have had such a similar experience. The big bang being a continuation of a remote future of the previous cosmic Aeon. It is great to say that big bangs have low entropy in gravitational order, expansion has to be overcome, the big bangs are special, photons might get through, the conformal geometry flows through to the next aeon etc.. But we cant just step out of the disorder at the end into a new perfectly ordered big bang. We'd have used up all the order long ago. We have only seen that entropy marches on,. What new big bang, new Aeon, conformal continuation will our photons enter if entropy has won in this layer of conformal geometric progression. What conformally invariant hero will remain to go through and save our backs if expansion is not stopped, and no information remains, only complete entropy. We have to win, we have to find a way to beat entropy, someone has to restore order. I have been working on this for some time.. Entropy is loss of order, potential energy is distributed to more random arrangement. And as Brian Green says, we humans are like little widgets running around and causing increases of entropy. Consuming energy. Making the universe expand just that tiny bit faster with every thing we do....

[@B.FrankAndersen]

Anyway the asymmetry while reversing time must be the unknown possibilities of uncertainty, the stochastic kaos (my guess)

[@bp1910]

It's very likely I am misunderstanding a great many things. Be that as it may, it seems to me that Sir Roger Penrose has provided an elegant solution to the critical entropy. In the far remote future of the previous Aeon, if the remaining ultra massive black holes have tidied up the entropy, they may evolve to an even lower temperature. Upon reaching critical absolute zero they then radiate the only forms of energy (massless photons and gravitons) which are capable of the translational invariance required for the conformal geometrical inflation.

[@THEmomentumJUNK1E]

@@bp1910 Wow. Very explanation there. My above comment was only the first part, leading up to my theory of how to achieve conformal translation invariance. My view is something like this: Critical entropy will not naturally evolve into a translationally invariant medium. Even with the help of ultra massive black holes. The models and cosmic observations we have seem to indicate now way for the entropy in black holes at the end of the universe to conform under causality. With accelerating cosmic expansion whatever they might radiate is just lost, with dark matter filling the voids between with ever growing randomness and proliferation and domination. I feel that we need a new force to come into the fray, a force to challenge the flow of entropy, the invasion of dark matter, the acceleration of expansion. Perhaps one that increases in strength and influence as order decreases. I have started looking for this force by studying what is the results of, or the opposition to entropy and entropy's effects. I have found a candidate for an observable effect of this new force: Complexity. When a system such as a Human Being causes an increase in entropy, for example by moving, hunting, eating, living, thinking. Energy is spent, order is decreased, and entropy increased by that process...but something else also happens. That process performed by the Human costs entropy, but also the scattered distribution of those bits of energy in nature are collected and concentrated into that singular system which is that human being. That concentration of energy can be arranged into a complex structure within the human being's understanding, relations to nature, and behavior. Although the entropy of nature was increased in order to yield this higher state of complexity manifest by the human agent, that higher complexity state of energy is more complex than what would have occurred if nature just took it's path without that process increasing its entropy or if that same entropy was added by a process which did not involve agency. So in this context, processes in nature driven by potential energy loss can break order up into less order, nothing else is involved and the only result is that potential energy is consumed and entropy is increased. That natural system has more distribution and detail afterwards, but the process is no more complex than any before it and does not add complexity. It is just governed by Natural Law. Also, the more fragmented and distributed arrangement of matter resulting from that specific system's natural entropic process, makes the total mass of the once orderded system less available to the workings of gravity to hold it together, and more susceptible to the effects of dark matter to push it apart. On the other hand, if an entropic system process involving agency occurs, loss of potential and increase of entropy can yield an arrangement of complexity exceeding the process of natural law. For example, memory and writing can provide a way to achieve the result only discoverable by a long and costly entropic process, and send that complexity as information into the future so that the result can be re-produced again later without repeating that massive expenditure of entropy again, as would have been necessary under the complexity of natural law only. This property of agency to yield higher-complexity arrangements of energy from entropic process, and use them to overcome the entropy penalty and total increase of entropy over time that nature would dictate necessary under natural law... Is something which has never been observed by us before in the entire history of the universe.

[@THEmomentumJUNK1E]

@@bp1910 To me, the question is: Can we reach the level of complexity which is the understanding for how to stop or reverse the accelerating cosmic expansion, which threatens to eventually cause the end of all existence forever, before the universal entropy we add in the process of generating that complexity, exceeds the maximum universal disorder which this expansion-reversal method can be successfully applied to.

[@THEmomentumJUNK1E]

@@bp1910 The moment at which the universe gains enough complexity to overcome the fate of entropy and eternal expansion to ensure its continued survival, is a kind of Information Event Horizon. I have named it The Complexity-Entropy Horizon Singularity.

[@daanodinot]

I wish everybody to age like Roger Penrose. 😊

[@ericklira1894]

Wonderful conversation, I'm really great full for you, Brian, to promote this level of information, even as profound as presented.

[@asimaziz3112]

Thanks for sharing great knowledge

[@PansonTella]

I don’t get easy sensitive, but the humility talk at the end brought tears to my eyes.

[@specialrelativity8222]

Brian green is awesome 👍🏻👍🏻

[@matthewaustin7159]

A beautiful conversation. Thanks Brian and Roger

[@sdal4926]

I can simply say that if you want to imagine how Einstein would like to talk these days if he was alive, just listen to Penrose. He is true successor for old school respectful physicist without full of bullshit hype and fantasy.

[@TheRealStructurer]

I hope I can have such a clear min when I reach that age! Fascinating subject and ideas. Thanks for sharing 👍🏼

[@endsina1270]

Absolutely brilliant

[@LemurWhoSpoke]

Thank you very much for doing this interview. I know it was extremely difficult, but it was definitely worth it. I really wish the academic community would invest more effort into helping evaluate and refine his hypothesis. CCC is an amazing idea, and I feel like it has a good chance of being correct.

[@zachhesse9178]

His book “the road to reality “ is incredible!!’

[@krzysztofciuba271]

+ Enjoy the G.Brien 1.5 or 2 hours BS on time probably 2 years ago! Yet, that program inspired me to invent a perfect homework for you@the Universe based on a spacetime diagram in Taylor, Wheeler's textbook, Space-time, AD 1961: what is this spacetime diagram from the point view of S'(x', ct" or ict")), and the value of time t' ? Ask the Nobel Laureate,R.G either! Remember, morons go to Hell (Mk 7:22).

[@Petrov3434]

This interview is truly extraordinary because Brian Greene is an outstanding interviewer and a top quality scientist, as is the incomparable Roger Penrose, who is 95 years young and still VERY active and productive cosmologist/mathematician. It was a sheer pleasure to listen to interview, including Penrose’s update on the progress of one of his many famous theories, CCC - Conformal Cyclic Cosmology theory. There have been numerous recent interviews with Penrose where he (and I) suffered from arrogant talking heads who didn’t have even minimum courtesy to familiarize themselves with gigantic opus of Roger Penrose. His magnum opus, “The Road to Reality” is, for example, a unique, monumental and comprehensive mathematical foundation of the physical universe. Known for original and bold theories, and scientific refutation of major chic theories in vogue - “Fashion, Faith and Fantasy” book - is a scientific demolition - of universal “string” obsession (even its high priest, Leonard Susskind, is rejecting it now - after decades of young physicists were directed into that futile field), - of quantum mechanics “measurement, etc. problem” which he described not as just “incomplete” as polite Einstein called it, but - wrong, and - of cosmic inflation (with “inflaton” field) which he always maintained is a fantastic nonsense (although he is very good friend with Alan Guth, who received Nobel prize for it). The interview was a sheer and very rare pleasure and a treasure to watch/listen to - even without in depth understanding of some details. While on the subject of praise, I would like to call the attention of all "feinschmeckers" to a recent book by Steven Bratman --- “Spontaneous Order and the Origin of Life” -- an outstanding book that deserves a bestseller recognition... In its Kindle format the author offers it for $2 - in order to promote it.

[@manutara2007]

Wow ...this conversation is another level. Incredible.

[@jimmyzhao2673]

Mysteries of the Universe seem to be getting harder & harder to discover.

[@mavelous1763]

That’s relative…..😊

[@brendawilliams8062]

You will have to rely on how much information can be used with quantum. Without understanding quantum. Talking about a horse before the cart. If you are comfortable with that or not. It’s the reality

[@hihowareyou0000]

Best Friday 😊❤

[@hireality]

Roger Penrose is the most brilliant scientist of our time ✨ Brian, this was an excellent interview, thank you.

[@erwinbauer2240]

A GIANT!

[@cronoukie]

This guy is over 90 and speaks better than almost professional in any media on TV and on KZbin lol

[@Jason-gt2kx]

Novel Dark Matter Hypothesis Dark Matter is simply unaccounted for gravity. GR states that gravity is the consequence of the curvature of spacetime. Is it possible that the structure of spacetime itself could be warped without the presence of matter? Spacetime has been shown to react like a fabric by warping, twisting, and propagating independently of mass, and all have been proven with observations from gravitational lensing, frame dragging, and now gravitational waves! Fabrics can also be stretched, pressured, and/or heated to the point of causing a deformation and losing its elastic nature. All of these conditions were extreme during inflation, so it is plausible that the “fabric” of spacetime analog could extend having its elastic property have hit a yield point leaving pockets of inelastic spacetime geodesic that cause gravity without the presence of matter? Therefore, if gravity is strictly the consequence of the warped of spacetime, and fabrics can be permanently overstretched, then those empty warped geodesics would create gravitational wells independent of mass. My hypothesis of DM is subatomic black hole imprints of the quantum fluctuations that popped in at the moment of inflation. The CMB shows where the hot dense regions were they created the galaxies. They would have been the initial cause and location of the warping. These imprints would be clouds of quantum sized floating fixed geodesics, so they couldn’t expand or evaporate. Perhaps nothing has been detected because there is nothing to detect. GR wouldn’t require modification because DM would just be an extension of how spacetime behaves at extreme conditions. No MOND, no WIMPs, and no parallel universes, just empty spacetime deformations that produce gravitational wells to help jump start galaxy accretion processes. Zwicky may have named is Missing Mass correctly since he detected some gravity without mass present to cause it…

[@armchairgravy8224]

Yes, and entropy as always has something to do with it. I think it's an information processing/holography solution. Looking at black holes of containers of entropy and why gravity arrived so late to the entropic party are great avenues.

[@harold22774]

Layman here some of what you are saying is beyond me.but you ask if it's possible that the structure of spacetime could be warped without the presence of matter. Einstein stated that energy,=matter so I'm guessing that in the absence of matter energy might do the trick

[@mattpotter8725]

I was with you until you started mentioning subatomic black holes. I'm not buying dark matter until they can prove what the particle is, if it can't be tested and requires a particle that interacts with nothing, which is a nice get out of jail free card, then I won't believe it. I don't believe MOND or WIMPs either for the same reason, or your subatomic black holes. There is some unknown physics happening whether it's something happening under relativistic conditions, warping of spacetime by saying unknown mechanism, or something else, but I'm just sceptical until there is an experiment that can prove it beyond belief, it could well be a combination of matter and something else. What I do know is that I don't think we understand geography very well yet.

[@mrhassell]

Kind of, however, not being; 'independent of mass'. Consider gas. We can't see it, and yet it has mass. As does certain types of radiation, in particular, certain types of plasma states, which are a central figures, found within all stars. Plasma, along with ionic energy, are both absent in the standard model of particle physics, and from General Relativity. However, there are ways you can get to these properties, within both their independent context, so they don't 'really' require having a context, all of their own. Although, it might be useful and help to clarify some things, save some time, be helpful, in a simplification, that's otherwise not obvious. Also, simplifying complexities, well understood, in certain models implementing advanced fluid dynamics, in particular, present in hyperspace. The leading candidate (for Dark Matter), currently stands as being the “Sterile Neutrino”. Fitting all the requirements, imposed by the Lambda CDM model, to greater than 90% certainty, (in other words, they've found it). Still, it is very difficult to validate, dealing with something that meets the following criteria; 1. Subatomic, 2. (Almost), completely invisible, 3. Having specific Mass. - pushing; Microelectronic Mechanical Sensors (MEMS), in absolute degrees of precision, to absolute limits.

[@mrhassell]

Kind of, however, not being; 'independent of mass'. Consider gas. We can't see it, and yet it has mass. As does certain types of radiation, in particular, certain types of plasma states, which are a central figures, found within all stars. Plasma, along with ionic energy, are both absent in the standard model of particle physics, and from General Relativity. However, there are ways you can get to these properties, within both their independent context, so they don't 'really' require having a context, all of their own. Although, it might be useful and help to clarify some things, save some time, be helpful, in a simplification, that's otherwise not obvious. Also, simplifying complexities, well understood, in certain models implementing advanced fluid dynamics, in particular, present in hyperspace. The leading candidate (for Dark Matter), currently stands as being the “Sterile Neutrino”. Fitting all the requirements, imposed by the Lambda CDM model, to greater than 90% certainty, (in other words, they've found it). Still, it is very difficult to validate, dealing with something that meets the following criteria; 1. Subatomic, 2. (Almost), completely invisible, 3. Having specific Mass. - pushing; Microelectronic Mechanical Sensors (MEMS), in absolute degrees of precision, to absolute limits.

[@johnpoppenhusen4178]

Quantum entanglment was mentioned. I believe this term could and should apply to all infinite ongoing creation in itself. I love Roger's personal insight into the quantum field of physics.

[@muhammadhussain8825]

who support roger theory of consciousness

[@HarryNicNicholas]

possibly, at first it sounded like another of my heroes had lost his mind, but it seems to be that there might be more to it than meets the eye. time will tell, i hope sir roger is around long enough to see some positive results.

[@jdlawbooker3938]

I think Orch OR is correct for the evolved human intellect but Roger is among the group that thinks qualia and/or epiphenomenalism is hogwash. He does not accept a nonlocal reality and thereby must rely on the quantum computational abilities in the microtubules within cell structure. Again this works fine for the complexities of human intellect. Whereas I have a a theory called Cogitare Facile (thinking easily) which instead focuses on the "code" of consciousness for what "is" is and why any living organism has an ability to detect an "essence of being" in the abstract. It is a very simple code that embraces the layers of error in all existence. Qualia cannot be computed, but it can be created or detected. In short I think ORCH OR is correct, but limited.

[@rudypieplenbosch6752]

Definitely, they recently showed microtubles contain entangled states, since they exhibit super radiance when stimulated with photons. So the quantum foundation of the brain, seems to be very likely.

[@brendawilliams8062]

@@rudypieplenbosch6752I wonder if the energy of a shadow irradiates light in the center

[@gdok6088]

I have followed it closely for years and I think it is the most likely explanation for consciousness. Two recent studies have given some support to the Orch-OR theory.

[@abhijitborah]

Roger Penrose had written three books on AI and reality. I wish to see his reactions to the AI state of affairs today. Enjoyed every moment of today's video.

[@wicky4473]

Can you imagine asking some bloke on the street for the time…and it turns out to be Roger Penrose?

[@winycentaur2540]

xD

[@mrhassell]

lol-I can imagine the answer, not being as straight forward as; why yes, it's 10:45a.m.

[@genghisgalahad8465]

Sir Roger Penrose inspires me anew to study physics and his tome, Road to Reality, is a must! World Science Festival, and Brian Greene at the helm, are foremost physics educators for the general public and keenly interested!

[@JoanneMcCardle]

Is String Theory still a thing?

[@HarryNicNicholas]

yep.

[@collegephysicsforeveryone7744]

The problem arises when there are multiple answers to the same question and none of the answers have the other answer because they think they are right which causes lots of stagnation.

[@mattpotter8725]

It's a mathematical construct which although doesn't look likely to be that useful right now but the mathematics may be useful in the future for something else. If you don't try looking for answers to complex answers you'll get nowhere. That's what a lot of people who just don't understand science don't understand but they love to use the technology that gets developed because of it.

[@mrhassell]

Always will be. It's usage, belongs in a special set of tools, that become quite useful, in specific contexts, such as De Sitter Space and AdS/CFT-anti-de Sitter/conformal field theory correspondence. Turning General Relativity, into a 2D toy like framework, can have some interesting consequences, observations can be made, in such a way, paying particular regard to observations that can be made from boundary limits, (vertex algebra). One good example of this (Mirror Symmetry), is where light from space, arrives in a 2D image, representing the view of the cosmos. Encoded at the boundary, is all the information, required, to convert this 2D image, back into a 4D representation, of actual spacetime. Leonard Susskind, does a far better job of explaining it, than I can! But that's, the general idea. In mathematics, there's the Geometric Langlands correspondence, which is a similar tool. There are some intriguing ways to look at Black Holes or the Schwarschild radius, when looking at Vertex operator algebra and considering K-theory. Which leads you to appreciate the values of string theory, where AdS/CFT, first proposed by Juan Maldacena in late 1997, having played a significant role, ever since. I've simplified this, massively, but it's a high-level introduction, to the many possible ways in which 4D/3D to 2D (flat strings), speaks in a musical structure, where rhythms and frequencies can be interpreted, particularly useful, within Loop Quantum Gravity, and Quantum Field Theory. Having a massive value, in reverse engineering and other areas, being more, 'abstract' within the science's.

[@IiiiIiiIllIl]

Yes but not really. There are very very few ways to ever test it to my knowledge

[@millamulisha]

Penrose is so chill. How great would it be to just hang out and have a cup of tea with him? 😌

[@theozarktrekker]

When Mr Penrose says “ I have to be slightly technical here”, I know I’m about to be out of my depth.

[@mattpotter8725]

I think most people on the planet think exactly the same, and that includes professors of physics, astrophysics, cosmology, and everything else related to the topic!!!

[@biradarsantosh-c4s]

what an amazing and wonderful theme of this show...world science festival ....so many amazing videos ...science festival around the world...amazing way to connect .

[@bunshoft]

🤯 Photons, traveling at the speed of light, do not 'experience' time.

[@krzysztofciuba271]

Then Light =God@God's Word (Ps90:4; 2P3:8) is proved by Relativity Theory!

[@jansveen]

This was beautiful. Thank you

[@markusk9766]

Sabine said what she thought about this festival and that's it.

[@Thomas-gk42]

Funny thing, she's on a live debate with Roger Penrose on stage tomorrow, 21. 9. on the iai festival in London. I'll be there 😊

[@jimmyzhao2673]

What did she say about it?

[@winycentaur2540]

@@Thomas-gk42 You know if it will be streaming live somewhere?

[@Thomas-gk42]

@@winycentaur2540No, I don't think so. The debates on these festivals are recorded and get uploaded later on the iai-channel. But that lasts some weeks or months usually, because they first do it on their website behind a pay wall. The third guy on the panel will be Slavor Zicek

[@winycentaur2540]

@@Thomas-gk42 okay thank you! much appreciated! 😊😊

[@StaticBlaster]

I just bought Roger's book "Road to Reality." You have to know some physics and math to understand what's in it which I do have under my belt.

[@zkasprzyk]

r/iamverysmart

[@mavelous1763]

Whenever I listen to Roger Penrose, I think of Neil Turok’s description of the “complex stuff in the middle”. Sir Roger is more complex than a singularity, and we’re all the better for it. PS- We all should be worshipping the photon.

[@kellymoses8566]

Compare how smart Penrose sounds at 93 compared to how stupid Trump sounds at 78

[@Gunni1972]

Define time: We use motion (frequency we count) to measure time, and we use time, to measure motion. Time therefore must be motion. It always passes, no matter on which axis you move.