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Calculation of the resistor for the LED is done in three steps. First, the voltage is determined on the resistor, then its resistance is found, and then the dissipation power of the resistor is calculated.
Calculation of the resistance for the LED can not be performed, if you use the appropriate calculators, which are set on the Internet. However, it is better to perform such actions manually, then valuable experience is acquired.
Often there is a need to connect a large number of LEDs, such as an auto battery. Then it is necessary to connect the LEDs into separate groups - in series and in parallel. It should be remembered that with a serial connection, there is less power consumption than with parallel. However, parallel connection of LEDs is more reliable. Naturally, it is assumed that in both cases, current-limiting resistors are used.