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Endocytosis vs exocytosis - This lecture explains about the differences between exocytosis and endocytosis. Endocytosis is the process of capturing a substance or particle from outside the cell by engulfing it with the cell membrane, and bringing it into the cell. Exocytosis describes the process of vesicles fusing with the plasma membrane and releasing their contents to the outside of the cell.
The movement of macromolecules such as proteins or polysaccharides into or out of the cell is called bulk transport. There are two types of bulk transport, exocytosis and endocytosis, and both require the expenditure of energy (ATP).
In exocytosis, materials are exported out of the cell via secretory vesicles. In this process, the Golgi complex packages macromolecules into transport vesicles that travel to and fuse with the plasma membrane. This fusion causes the vesicle to spill its contents out of the cell. Exocytosis is important in expulsion of waste materials out of the cell and in the secretion of cellular products such as digestive enzymes or hormones.
In pinocytosis or “cellular drinking,” the cell engulfs drops of fluid by pinching in and forming vesicles that are smaller than the phagosomes formed in phagocytosis. Like phagocytosis, pinocytosis is a non-specific process in which the cell takes in whatever solutes that are dissolved in the liquid it envelops.
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