Energy Free Cooling through Physics

Did you know there's a whole branch of material sciences taking advantage of certain quirks of physics to create passive cooling devices? Because I didn't. But hopefully you'll find the science behind it as exciting as I did!
Big Thanks to Arny Leroy for taking the time to discuss and answer some questions.
Sources/Extra Reading:
Quantum Aspects of Light and Matter - www.bu.edu/quantum/notes/Gene...
High-performance subambient radiative cooling
enabled by optically selective and thermally insulating
polyethylene aerogel - doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aat9480
Hierarchical-morphology metafabric for scalable passive daytime radiative cooling - doi.org/10.1126/science.abi5484
Subambient daytime radiative cooling textile based on nanoprocessed silk - doi.org/10.1038/s41565-021-00...
Circle larger than the wavelength - www.met.reading.ac.uk/clouds/m...
FTIR Spectra of Polymers - www.ftir-polymers.com/soon.htm

[@gauthierruberti8065]

You know this guy's on another level when you realize he's able to use geometry nodes in Blender

[@GeeTrieste]

I was wondering what 3D app he was using. Is it obviously Blender? I was thinking maybe iClone.

[@gauthierruberti8065]

At 11:01 you can see him using blender

[@firemyst9064]

@@GeeTrieste I would say its Blender, just from personal experience it does look like Blender UI with a geometry node viewer in the bottom panel. As you can see he's got his terrain set up in the top panel. On the right there's a list of all his assets in the scene, those little orange boxes in the top right.

[@firemyst9064]

@@gauthierruberti8065 I spent the last year with my free time getting a better understanding of materials and while geometry nodes were growing in popularity and tutorials I sat back and ignored it. Now I'm getting into, but oh so late, lol. Better late than never?

[@gauthierruberti8065]

@@firemyst9064 better now than before! Now you have access to many more nodes and an enormous amount of tutorials. Now will probably be less stressful to look for specific stuff

[@YeloPartyHat]

This certainly does feel too good to be true. Could you do a more in-depth video on this? I also had no idea such a field existed!

[@ButWhySci]

The only information I have is what was available in the papers unfortunately. And what was talked about with Arny. As for the aerogel coating it's biggest constraint is that it's not the most durable material against the elements. In it's current state it's not an ideal candidate for large scale use, however the current best use is for coolers or containers that you want to keep the contents cool. Keep food cooler longer and it can be sheltered from harsh elements. The silk paper showed that after extensive manipulation, twisting, and stretching, the nanoprocessed silk maintained the bonds between it's fibers and the aluminum nanoparticles. So unless there's a health issue to having aluminum near your skin that I don't know of I think that one is very much a viable option. The metafabric paper claims it's a scalable process and as seen in some photos, they were certainly able to make large reams of cloth. I don't know how scarce titanium is, so that may be a limiting ingredient. That paper also (That I can recall) didn't go into depth on durability. There was another fabric paper I didn't talk about that made a polyethylene fabric which was extremely scalable. So I think there are certainly options. My main concern is the reliance on continued use of plastics.

[@Gliccit]

@@ButWhySci RE: metafabric titanium scarcity: titanium isnt very scarce but it is quite expensive- about $4 per kilo vs steel at about $1.25. It'd be interesting to put forward to a chemical engineer, if its really that scalable, they should have no issue setting up a production facility.

[@augustovasconcellos7173]

NASA has been using something similar to this for decades on their spacesuits and spacecraft. Their white paints reflect visible light, near-IR and near-UV - I.E. most of the Sun's radiation - because they're... you know... WHITE. However, the same paints have a high thermal emittance - something usually not found in reflective materials - because in the mid and low infrared spectrum they actually look black. The result is that anything coated in these paints will radiate away heat but not gain any from the sunlight.

[@SteinbergerGPPRo]

@@Gliccit Titanium oxide is actually very inexpensive and readily available. In fact almost all white pigments used in almost all paints are derived from titanium oxide.

[@henriqueblasius3492]

There's some info about passive cooling in architecture if you search for it. In the past, this was the only option once there was no electricity The book "barefoot architect" demonstrates some techniques to achieve the passive cooling in buildings It's not exactly what's shown in the video but you can have some ideias about passive cooling

[@davidhunt4291]

You might want to research your research. You strongly indicate that these materials will, without intervention, cool their environment. The papers are about reducing heat gain of internally heated materials and/or objects. In short, they are increasing emission. At first I thought you were dumbing down your presentation. After looking at the papers, I no longer feel that way.

[@tobysmith4604]

Nighthawkin light made a video on sub ambient cooling paint that jas a really good explanation imo

[@rainboworange]

Since asbestos, I am always wary about the use of strange new materials in the form of fabric, where it may break away and form airborne fibers that might be toxic, or pollutants of some kind, that nobody expected. Keep it in a solid block so it won't disperse as easily, please. I can see some lightweight shindles that can form a tent-like structure, too.

[@CherishedChristianLife]

Agree and the recommend material is made with Teflon, the new asbestos 🤷🏻‍♀️

[@energyboy5696]

@@aduantas gets into your body as micro plastics and disrupts your endocrine systems (at the least)

[@stanweaver6116]

Nano particles in general are unkind to life and they have no certainty of the totality of the unkindness.

[@MRHSDD11]

Good point, Teflon, for example, is known to be toxic to humans

[@himanshusingh5214]

Calcium carbonate is also decent for reflecting a lot of light.

[@spoonikle]

I love when the math checks out. Passive cooling always worked - but modern material science is taking it to the next level.

[@RENO_K]

Yeah, I bet scientists 30 years ago wouldn't believe that such a simple cloth could be used to cool things down with amazing results

[@xistsixt]

Did you hear from the self cooling clay water bottles of old desert tribes...

[@cecilia00960]

So true, I was just thinking about passive/evaporative cooling used traditionally in the middle east, technology might allow to go "back" to better solution then current AC systems

[@MaddieM4]

@@cecilia00960 passive evaporative cooling is very neat and efficient, but it requires a low humidity environment (among other trade-offs) which is why it works so well in deserts, and is basically useless in humid heat. It's a good example of how most problems don't have a universal silver bullet solution, but it's still worthwhile to have a buffet of good options that excel under different conditions.

[@ThighErda]

almost read meth

[@CyPorter]

This is amazing! I'm writing a sci-fi book about how people adapt over a 200 year period and I am going to research this branch of materials science to use in the book. Thank you for getting the word out!

[@geraldfrost4710]

I wrote a book about space based mirrors that are used to cool the planet, how they preform as a heat engine that shunts heat back into space, but one could also run the engine in reverse and cook your enemy with a death ray. You know, that old chestnut.

[@Rockethead293]

Good luck with your book!

[@willy4170]

What is the title of the book 📖?

[@katshura007]

Let us know when u finished the book

[@fi4re]

Good luck with your book!

[@2ndPortal]

We already know how to build sefl sustaining houses, i had a whole semester on it. It's about the angle of windows, roof length over windows and thermal mass of the house and the position. Most architects don't care for ecology, they just design by looks and make inefficient housing.

[@kobold_sushi_executive_chef]

I'd love to look into this, would you mind sharing the name of the course or pointing me in the direction?

[@drd4059]

First correction: most polymers absorb infrared at many frequencies and are not infrared windows. A few polymers with very simple structures such as polyethylene (PE) absorb in only a few relatively narrow bands and are good infrared windows at other frequencies. However, the width of an absorption band also depends on the homogeneity (uniformity) of the local chemical environment. Some grades of PE have polymer chains aligned in the same direction (quasi crystals) and hence are good infrared windows. In PTFE (teflon) the polymer chains have less long range order with two consequences (1) wider absorption bands and (2) more scattering from refractive index inhomogeneity. If the size of the inhomogeneity is comparable to wavelength, the scattering is described by the Mei theory (this is why teflon is translucent rather than transparent). A second correction is that molecular absorption and emission is highly orientation dependent. The isotropic emission shown in this video only applies because the molecules are randomly oriented and emission is averaged over the random orientations. The spectral characteristics change when molecules are oriented by a surface or manipulated by electromagnetic fields. These properties become very interesting in the context of medical diagnostics (one of the topics in my lab). Its also worth mentioning that another field of research is dielectric (super) mirrors with reflectivity above 99%. The problem is making super mirrors cheap enough for widespread commercial applications (another topic in my lab currently at pilot scale manufacturing stage).

[@kisaragi-hiu]

This actually feels pretty reasonable. If you can make a material that lets through infrared but reflects (instead of absorbing) light / radiation / photons at higher frequencies, it will effectively be an exceptionally efficient sun shade. Now the problem is, as always, how do you mass produce this, and can you do it economically and ideally cleanly?

[@raffimolero64]

even if we don't do it efficiently today, demand would probably force producers to make it more and more efficient over the years.

[@stevenswenson7041]

See clouds.

[@LunaWitcher]

I'm wondering how it would be implemented in big buildings and areas of extreme distress (with earthquakes and hurricanes and such) and if that implementation would require complete rebuilding to be effective.

[@Jokemeister1]

And the follow up story......"How a Nobel Prize winner started the next ice age."

[@delphicdescant]

@@raffimolero64 Over the years, huh? If only we'd started 40 years ago... Not sure how many years of ramp-up time we can afford for stuff like this before it becomes less about managing energy and more about how to make better stillsuits.

[@inaNis_]

Ray tracing does make the fever dream nature of these animations even more fever dreamy, which I believe is a good thing and looks cool. Can't help but wonder how much it increases the rendering or processing time though, it couldn't be good...

[@teunkruijer]

I'm sure he's got that covered, but damn you're spot on. I'm sick right now and I feel like I was just dreaming this video up in my mind. Great stuff.

[@ButWhySci]

The biggest thing is that it drastically increases disk space usage since you have to render everything out to individual files/frames. Normally I render out to MP4. But yes it also takes much longer. Not too big an issue because I just have it render remotely while I'm working on another scene. Something weird happened though with exporting from EXR, my photons and sun got very yellow. It looked normal in the video editing software but after export some lights got yellower.

[@DeeFeeCee]

@@ButWhySci If the remote rendering is done near a black hole, it can redshift your animations. :^P

[@casenc]

@@ButWhySci I recommend importing it into something like Da Vinci Resolve and messing with the sliders: When seeings the EXR all at the same time, you're seeing all the information at the same time (a lot more than mp4). You might want to use Da Vinci to dial down settings (contrast is the one you want probably) and make it look like blender shows

[@Skyrim279]

@@casenc Exactly, i watched a video about this even though i don't use any of these things lol

[@StormBurnX]

Found this video after seeing NightHawkInLight's recent video on DIY versions of the IR emitting/reflecting paints! Very nifty! I'm glad to see this research continuing and spreading.

[@corivian]

As an architect student this is so exciting, now I hope it could be commercialized!

[@corivian]

@@mt2mgames851 O K

[@Gengh13]

I hope we start to see some of this in the real world at a not too unreasonable price.

[@miletech]

You can already buy aerogel-based insulating paint but cheap it isn't 🤣

[@freedom4651]

The polyester-based insulator is already widely available while we waiting for aerogel-based roofs to be massively produced.

[@4xdblack]

I hope this gets put into commercial use instead of falling into the abyss of obscurity like ever other potentially world changing technology

[@honeytubs]

@@freedom4651 What is a product that is available?

[@prodabber0222]

Nah gucci is gonna do something with it and nect thing you know society is gonna accept it as luxury commodity cause were stupid and all that

[@ThanksIfYourReadIt]

The narration, the animation, the sentence structure, the clarifications, the pacing. I couldn't find a single issue in this whole video and the way you avoided popular misconceptualizing definitions gave me the hope back that properly sharing information is still possible in this world where they rather converge to large audiences with common slurs. Thank you thank you thank you!

[@coconuts2018]

Nice name too 🤣

[@speckdratz]

I'm blown away by the depth and detail of this presentation while still staying on the 'somewhat easy to understand' side of things. Spectacular!

[@tommasomanassero]

This video is exactly why I want to get a major degree in Materials Engineering, such a fascinating and endless field of study

[@sMASHsound]

this is indeed fascinating. even a 10% reduction in heat absorption, would go a longggg way to change climate trajectory.

[@4dy4dy]

​@@sMASHsoundTrees do just that. And they are larger surface than our buildings on earth . And yet global warming is still here . Perhaps global warming is not something new to the planet and the planet has been heating up for thousands of years. We know that the desert and Egypt were much greener a few thousand years ago. that there was an ice age. So why do we make this global warming event something new? Just so that a few people as usual take advantage to milk others for money, just for profit? Was the market overcrowded, and did some think of putting another fear into play that could be used to milk people?

[@minhchaudo6075]

Go for it! I am studying materials science and engineering and its really cool stuff

[@ThatLooksLikeARake]

One of the best science channels :) criminally underrated too

[@MIKAEL212345]

Very few channels give me amazing new insights with every video.

[@adnan7698]

But Why?

[@serenitycat]

Hol up *criminally?*

[@welanduzfullo8496]

so true ahhahhah

[@Tyrkia123]

@@adnan7698 its just bad luck, he will explode sooner or later, he just needs the timing to be perfect and juuust the right title for youtube algorythm and boom

[@gedw99]

I am an architect . Great video btw. The only practical problem with this is that a building needs to hold onto heat in winter also. So a fancy inverted greenhouse would be great for hot summers but terrible for cold winters.

[@SamuraiJack44]

it won't be the perfect solution for every environment. but you could easily cover the material in winter or if it is a frabric just remove it entirely in winter.

[@MiniTotent]

Only run the HVAC through the dissipater during the winter. You don’t run the A/C during the winter. Sure it won’t have the impact in temperate climates it will in equatorial ones, but it doesn’t need to work as well there either.

[@mitchellwalker9839]

But this would work for infrastructure which is close to the equator, since that these places don’t have cold winters. Heat is problem almost all year round and therefore would be a great idea to implement. Just because it may not work for your situation does not mean it won’t work everywhere.

[@bluedark7724]

Also .. the more humans /animals confined in the same space will negate the benefit. The better and trusted solution is Thermal mass ( Under ground systems) See Cooper Peddy, SA Australia for houses made underground. The glorious version is Bilbo Baggins house - thermal mass

[@magnuswright5572]

​@@bluedark7724It actually wouldn't negate the benefit, because these materials are specifically designed to be transparent to heat. They don't trap the heat to let it build up, so more bodies in the building wouldn't significantly increase the overall temperature

[@whiteuil87]

Absolutely loved this video. As a scientist it's awesome to find channels such as yours. As a curious millenium teenager I was sometimes frustrated for not having enough knowledge or having where to search for it. I'm thrilled today there are content producers like you. Thanks!!!

[@Freekniggers]

Exactly

[@naveenraja7]

Wow!! The animations are sooooooo accurate and awesome! Helps learning complex things so quickly. Thank you for the efforts and all the knowledge share.

[@hasanhas00n1]

your visuals are out of this world, I wish you could collaborate with schools or institutes. more students need to see your clear, simple, very will throughout explanation videos.

[@REDandBLUEandORANGE]

You are my favourite science channel. You don’t dumb down the concepts but you do explain then in a way most people can understand.You don’t pad the videos for time unnecessarily meaning you respect your audience. You dive deep into the actual processes of what’s happening at the atomic level making things actually make sense. Just everything about your videos makes me and all my science friends geek out and that is just so cool. Thank you for everything you do, never change please you are my hero.

[@frederickwood9116]

Thanks for letting the video running in the directions your research took you. It helps keep the material holistic and inclusive. In a larger context rather than caught narrowly in a single context.

[@transArsonist]

This is a REALLY intuitive way to communicate some REALLY information dense concepts, well done

[@Maximus-tq8ny]

Your level of thoroughness in describing underlying theory as well as applying it to both everyday occurrences and bleeding-edge research is amazing! Just found this channel and you got a new sub!

[@cassandramanzato9939]

This was so cool and inspiring. Thank you for making this video and doing researching and converting hard laborious scholar articles into a fun way to understand them. I greatly appreciate your efforts.

[@matthewblainey4254]

This has to be the highest quality brief explanation of heat transfer and chemistry I have ever seen. Love the journal referencing too!

[@mediawolf1]

I appreciate the combination of depth and clarity of the explanation here. thank you.

[@kvnokvno]

Amazing new discovery! Thank you for this info! The underside of certain types of elytra (aka beetle wings) is also covered with numerous nano sized structures but probably not for thermal conductivity

[@Mechaneer]

As someone who has a voracious appetite for science and technology breakthroughs, it is hard to find content that is presented well enough for me to understand as a layman to new subjects, while also being in-depth and informative enough to actually teach me things I didn't know before and inspire me to learn more. I feel like you really nailed this sweet spot for me in this video. Liked and subscribed!

[@joaopedroaguiarfmatos1473]

Yeah its pretty neat, I hate when science channels are too vague

[@HelgaCavoli]

Oh, HOW I thank my parents/ancestors to be alive here at this moment (and as a non-native English) to have learned how to read/write and study Physics at school and then study English at another school and then understand SOME of this video's knowledge to apply on my day-a-day life. Thank you, content creator.

[@kerrybeuck8567]

Hi Robin, I have been watching your Videos for many years now and it's great to see how much you do for the environment.

[@tupi9999]

I cannot believe you're the one that does the research and the animations. Your work is amazing.

[@nedames3328]

Cool video. I read about a paint utilizing a similar effect a while back. A question re: Your description of the greenhouse effect. My understanding is that the atmospheric density at sea-level causes an excited molecule: CO2, water, methane, etc. to transfer its energy to neighboring molecules via collisions (conduction). Collisions happen so fast that most excited molecules don't have time to revert to their ground state before hitting other molecules. This increases the average kinetic energy, increasing the probability some molecules get enough energy to radiate in the infrared. The resulting warmer, moister air rises until the water vapor precipitates out, radiating the latent heat (again infrared). Above the tropopause we still have CO2, methane, greenhouse gasses that don't precipitate out on Earth. Once the atmosphere gets thin enough then the emissions lines thin out and we need to consider that emissions go in random directions. Often back towards the Earth. I would appreciate your feedback. Thanks in Advance.

[@Mking99999]

these videos are so cool and love how you show screenshots of the paper rather than just a quoting the paper with its citation

[@hakujouryu]

First time watching one of your videos. Great stuff, and most importantly, THANK YOU for listing your sources!

[@houserhouse]

The raytracing is sick brother. Keep up the amazing work, these videos will be used by science teachers soon if they aren't already

[@medexamtoolsdotcom]

The best substance for the inverse greenhouse effect is in fact snow. Because it is nearly perfectly white for visible light, and nearly perfectly black for infrared. To those who don't know, emissivity = absorptivity (this is required by the 2nd law of thermodynamics, otherwise a black object and white object suspended in a vacuum and surrounded by mirrors so they were in thermal contact only with each other and only through radiation, would not settle to the same temperature and you could make a perpetual motion machine type 2) so being black to infrared means it is an efficient emitter of infrared. You couldn't ask for it to be more perfect. A pity about it all going away now.

[@chrimony]

So we can use snow to build cool houses in summer. Oh wait...

[@yopyop3241]

Wouldn't snow emit IR in wavelengths that water vapor in the air absorbs? I'd think you'd want to avoid those wavelengths. IR emission by water molecules in snow vs IR absorption by water molecules in the atmosphere. I guess the phase (solid vs gas) tweaks things, but I'd be surprised if the "tweak" is enough to make absorption by water vapor negligible. Maybe it's not a big issue in the dry air of the poles, but for most of the surface of the planet, there's a lot of water vapor overhead.

[@appa609]

Snow isn't especially unique in this property. Most materials emit better in ir than visible. A sheet of white paper is also almost a blackbody in thermal IR and... well... white in visible.

[@lauraclose5604]

@@appa609 time to make a paper tent

[@davidegaruti2582]

@@lauraclose5604 rain : i am about to end this man whole career

[@muffininacup4060]

NighthawkInLight covered a similar thing to this, well, kinda precisely half of it - a paint that can cool objects using the principle of optimisation for radiating the heat away into space. What is extremely interesting is that the paint can be made at home and surprisingly easily without some toxic ingredients

[@markfinley3703]

Link? To the formula?

[@muffininacup4060]

@@markfinley3703 just search "nighhawkinlight paint", he has an entire step-by-step tutorial on how to make it

[@davidbroadfoot1864]

@@markfinley3703 Google is your friend.

[@aymenjaouani8761]

Amazing work! Better than most of the popular "science & tech" channels out there. This is what I call high quality content. I need to rewatch the video.

[@gregmarsters2434]

Convection! Love the science and part of science is feedback... Greenhouse maintain their temperature primarily by preventing convection from letting warm air rise. Open all the vents in a greenhouse and it's temperature will be barely warmer than the surounding air.

[@vdinh143]

It's an unfortunate case of inaccurate naming.

[@lightdark00]

With such technology, we'll need roofs that change with the weather to absorb or radiate heat.

[@guimaciel7457]

That's not a problem, they could be easily swapped once a year as the material is extremely light

[@lightdark00]

@@guimaciel7457 But if they can switch quickly, you would have the best results for cold fronts or a quick heatwave. The only reason I ever used the AC here in Texas was to get the humidity down indoors.

[@salvadorsanchez5057]

even if you cant change them for the cold season, it would still save a colossal amount of energy even if its only used jn zones where its hot all year round

[@guimaciel7457]

Even in these regions you get winter nights below freezing temperatures

[@salvadorsanchez5057]

@@guimaciel7457 ??? where i live its winter and the worst we get at night is like 5C

[@AK-vx4dy]

Nice i clear presntation. I saw this technologies on other chanels, but none of them explained them that clearly. Good job.

[@ChargedTTq]

Chemistry has been on a whole new level for years. It's only a matter of time until a huge amount of these things can scale and totally change our world.

[@tomsoyer6195]

Well done content will defend itself. Your channel will blow sooned than later. And I can't stress enough, how your calmly tone, makes it easier to absorb the facts. While other science channels pump up their videos to make them more entertaining, yours dominate them when someone wants to learn. Not in vain there are multiple comments about teachers that should use your vids in schools.

[@alexczech8468]

Amazing sir. you've got the trifecta: Great topics, great explainer voice, and intuitive info graphics. I'm always looking forward to your videos and frankly, I really wish they were longer.

[@ascendedchimp143]

Great explanation, definitely sparked some questions about things that make me want to research further. Thank you for the post

[@Paopao621]

Material science is so interesting, I'm always excited whenever a new material is discovered or invented.

[@TheWdupp]

Your animations are incredible!

[@glenndavis4452]

Didn’t realize most of the heat from my oxyacetylene cutting torch was actually radiation. And how little heat is transferred by the actual molecule contact. It’s like, when I hold my bare hand next to a hot vehicle exhaust, the radiation heat is twice as powerful as when I physically contact that exhaust. Ok, you have taught me how global warming really happens. Thermal radiation is one way to accurately measure heat. Most of the heat on the surface of the sun is not radiating through the perfect transparency of space and heating the Earths surface to two thirds of origin.

[@MrArtVein]

Yup! Space is cold

[@asimi9004]

I dont think that two thirds of the heat of your oxyacetylene torch come from radiation. That would mean, that it would be almost as hot next to your torch than it is right in front of it since it radiates in all directions randomly. However the cutting only works when the flame is directly contacting the material, so i think conduction plays a major role in this case.

[@glenndavis4452]

@asimi900 Your right. I was being kinda snarky. They do take a known scientific fact, thermal radiation can increase heat in objects that absorb it, but blow it way out of proportion to come up with aggressive heating due to trace amounts of CO2. Maybe because satellites only measure the IR radiation to get temperature readings anymore, so it is impossible to separate the contact heat from radiation heat. There are many real scientists who don’t believe in GGGW. But the basic principle is correct.

[@thesquishedelf1301]

@@glenndavis4452 Yeah, CO2 was almost never considered the main contributor in the first place since it’s so short lived. In a single human lifetime most of what’s been released can become part of a plant. CO2 has always been about power, money, and starting the conversation. The actual kickers are a whole gamut of different things, like methane, which can stick around for centuries and actually do some damage. Coincidentally about as much is getting released from the short-term problem of melting ice-caps/glaciers as all of human industry combined, which is why people were so panicky before, trying to keep those damn ice formations intact. At this point the ice is melting at such a rate that quite a lot of people have resigned themselves to the higher electricity bill and the hundred-year floods every other year. Local governments are really struggling with all the disaster relief they have to do these days, sadly.

[@glenndavis4452]

@@thesquishedelf1301 It’s sad that they limit you guys climate disaster information to the last few decades. Only. I’m not going to even try to list the catastrophic floods, droughts, and monumental forest fires documented in newspapers from up to 150 years ago. Birds falling dead from trees because of heat. Thousands of people dying. The Peshtigo fire of the late 1800s covered a third or more of three Midwestern states. The Dust Bowl of the early 1930s had tens of thousands of refugees. Or maybe even more. Starvation otherwise from widespread drought. Sand dunes or bare earth extending up into middle Kansas. Yes they are spending big money now. Formerly hundreds or thousands died from climate events. There’s a channel on YT that documents events like that. Tony Heller. Yes natural methane releases are huge and have varied throughout geological time. It does not survive long in the upper atmosphere. Methane and CO2 also block IR from the sun, in the frigid upper atmosphere. The claimed difference would be achieved at night, when the absorb the far weaker IR from the earth, transferring whatever heat that creates to the atmosphere. But they are special in that respect only because oxygen and nitrogen don’t interact with the IR wavelength. If we have enough dust or smoke atmospherically, doing the EXACT same thing with IR radiation, we experienced mini Ice Ages, not global warming. There is just way too much actual proven science for me to believe in GGGW. IF these special molecules can heat thousands of times their mass, from the relatively low level IR of the earth surface, we could damn sure heat our homes and create green steam energy by using that “proven science”. I did used to believe it, too.

[@rainboworange]

Wow, I was completely blown away by the detail and educational value of this video. a sub well earned. I was even more surprised, I understood most of the video! :D

[@technics6215]

Thank you for digging that out directly from science papers to youtube :) That's really valuable stuff.

[@andreasflensmark8616]

Hey, i´m a chemical engineering student, and i got to say, this channel is amazing, i love every second of it. I have thought about this topic for a while, but haven´t gotten around to studying, you have peeked my curiosity.:) I have a semester project on particle detection, and the explanation on Mie scattering was very direct and easy to understand. Keep up the good work, i will be watching:)

[@brianhale3678]

God is the ultimate engineer. He built the whole system in the first place and he says the weather's not going to change... Genesis 8:22 - While the earth remains, Seedtime and harvest, Cold and heat, Winter and summer, And day and night Shall not cease.

[@andreasflensmark8616]

@@brianhale3678 I'm sorry, i don't think i understand, are you saying that global warming isn't a thing or that you don't belive in the tehnology. I could be misunderstanding, but what was the point of this comment?

[@brianhale3678]

@@andreasflensmark8616 I'm saying God knows more about the weather than all of the climatologists in the world. He gave this sentence to Noah immediately after the flood and it has held true for 4,400 years and it's going to hold true in our near future as well.

[@andreasflensmark8616]

​ @Brian Hale Near future?? also i don't think you replied to my question, whether or not he said those things is not that important, i am asking you, do you not believe in the technology or climate change

[@brianhale3678]

@@andreasflensmark8616 How about you answer one questions? First. Do you believe in the standard propaganda mandated in public schools. That is, that we are merely hairless animals that randomly evolved in a meaningless and uncaring universe destined to die and then decompose into dirt...? I kinda already answered your question but I'll be a little bit more explicit if you want me to.

[@zazugee]

very interesting, i've been interested in passive cooling for 3 years now but i didn't hear about this before i did some simple passive cooling experiences using open carboard boxes with a temperature probe inside facing the open sky and the temperature really dropped below ambient i remember that cellophane was a bit transparent to infrared but not glass

[@rascototalwar8618]

Heat will always flow from a hot temperature to a cool one. There is no way to remove heat from something when it is cooler then the ambient temperature with out energy input. What is happening is you are blocking the heat to a single area so that area becomes cooler then its surroundings. The James webb is a very good example of this. The sun shield will keep the opposite side of the craft close to the temperature of deep space, but it still requires active cooling to work. I find passive cooling a misnomer as you are not cooling something you are instead preventing it from heating up.

[@agsystems8220]

@@rascototalwar8618 The first sentence is true, but the notion of 'ambient temperature' doesn't really fit into that model quite the way you imply. There are 3 obvious relevant temperatures; The sun, our test object, and the ambient temperature. Heat will always flow from hot to cold so if you only consider these three then you would be correct that we could not cool something below ambient (as this is obviously lower than the sun), but you are missing one important temperature: the temperature of the rest of the sky. It is around 3 kelvin. The idea of these materials is to maximise energy exchange with the sky while limiting the exchange with the sun and the air, and that absolutely is cooling. It is not a misnomer. Most of James Webb is not actively cooled, it is just the sensors. Those are cooled well below the temperature of deep space, which is why they need active cooling.

[@onestripevert]

Passion, research, presentation. Superb

[@iKillborn2kilNOE]

The car cover test is CRAZY! Difference is nuts. The practicality of could be phenomenal

[@Will-om5wb]

That meta fabric sounds amazing but I’d like to know if those micro beads in the fabric could contaminate the environment like micro beads have already done.

[@CherishedChristianLife]

ofc it will, it's made with PFASs, and we had enough with the forever chemical....

[@Zaws21]

Said, while using the hottest computer specs known to man

[@ZelphTheWebmancer]

This is very interesting technology. The first thing I thought of was cooling for PCs and electronic equipment, that may not substitute coolers but may aid in reducing their load and consequently reducing power usage.

[@GabrielPerboni]

I've been studying audio synthesis and the visualization used to represent the interaction between the wave functions of electrons reminded me a lot of a sine wave being modulated via FM (frequency modulation) or PM (phase modulation). Pretty cool!

[@nuthenry2]

there a company called 'Skycool systems' That is manufacturing some panels, except they say it works because of a gap in the atmosphere, Which is certain type of wavelength do not get asorbed

[@ButWhySci]

Correct! That is the company and tech Arny showed me while we were talking. That is called the Infrared Window and the greenhouse gases aren't excited about those frequencies. The IR window corresponds to wavelengths of ~8-14 microns. So I wonder if they convert the radiation to that ideal frequency. I'm not super certain if they have a special technology or not.

[@geraldfrost4710]

@@ButWhySci The property is florescence; absorb at one frequency, and emit at another. Laser dyes do this all the time. The problem isn't the underlying technology, it's field stability. Dyes in general are light sensitive; flowers are brighter in the morning because the light degrades the dyes.

[@firenzarfrenzy4985]

Imagine plastic, being one of the key polluters both directly and indirectly, now being a potential cooling solution. 2 birds one stone

[@andreaskampe9143]

If people are disciplined to not throw plastic or ANY trash in to the environment, then there is no big issue. Recycling all the different plastics is not feasible today. PS there are garbage burning plants in sweden that operates at very high temp thus NO dioxins, then there is a filter that collects the ash in the gas, the ash left in the bottom of the oven is then used as filling material.

[@pacefactor]

This only strengthens my belief that materials science is by and far the most wild of the practical sciences. There is SO much that this field effects that we pay little mind to or take for granted.

[@axesofebil]

Amazed that I found this channel. Looking forward to bring inspired

[@geraldfrost4710]

Not to one-up you, but I installed a Planetary Air conditioner; I use it to help cool my house. Been running it for years. I've got videos, but not with fancy graphics like yours; actual videos of my actual Planetary Air Conditioner, and how it actually works. Drops the temperature of the roof by 30 degrees F, and that cools my house. Yes, it does it without electricity. The PAC I run dumps an equivalent amount of heat back to space to melt 250 tons of ice per year; that cooling appears in my house first. The problems with what you've shown isn't that they work; I'm sure they do work! The problems are cost and how they these things react to the real world. The main problem with my Planetary Air Conditioner is that it works too well. Water condenses on it, and any dust or pollen in the air attaches itself to the damp spot rather than anything else on the roof. Dirt collects, and moss grows. Ya have to clean the darn thing! Imagine leaves: as they blow across a sidewalk, they don't stick. Now have a puddle on the sidewalk, and you have a leaf magnet. Having put a dirt magnet on the roof, it will have to be cleaned. (I have a scientific dirt study in progress, one patch that I don't clean. I'm not lazy, honest! That one patch shows that if you don't clean it, the effectiveness ends.) The thing you clean has to be able to resist the cleaning. My PAC is, by it's vary nature, robust. Resistant to birds pecking it, hailstones, and easy to clean with a scrubby pad and water. Cost is the other issue; mine comes in at about $20 per square meter. How does that compare to scientifically saturated silk or premium prototype polymers?

[@geraldfrost4710]

@@kevinkarlwurzelgaruti458 There are various formulas on the market. Rainex for cars, and anti-fog for scuba masks. It would be an interesting experiment...

[@truestopguardatruestop164]

Sorry didn’t fully understand what was your solution

[@geraldfrost4710]

@@truestopguardatruestop164 I got mirrors on my roof. They run cold, so cold that water condenses on them. Kevin suggested a way to mitigate the negative effects of condensation.

[@alkimadsiz4867]

If Richard Feynmann has a youtube channel, this would be it. You deserve more subscribers by the way. 😎👍🏾

[@ohdear4681]

This dude is genuinely one of my favourite KZbinrs. Such an event when he posts. Obligatory surprised at not having more subs.

[@jandebaene4098]

Great video! You make physics understandable. Well done 👍

[@nustada]

You left out a huge part of the explanation of the greenhouse effect (probably dishonestly because it reduces the fear porn of alarmists) When IR is emitted it is emitted across normal radiation spectrum. But CO2 only absorbs on two narrow bands. Makings its effect logarithmic. You have exponentially increase concentrations for a linear effect.

[@geraldfrost4710]

and water overwhelms those bands at about 25 times, in width, height, and saturation. Imagine one junior high freshman on the field against 25 professional football players...

[@catprog]

​@@geraldfrost4710 But the water vapor does not change that much. Too dry and more evaporation occurs. Too wet and it is precipitation. For your scenario. Imagine instead of one junior we have three. This will change the score slightly. instead of 0-100 we now have 0-97. Given the (max+min/2)temperature of the moon is -180 deg celcius. and the temperature of the earth is around 10-20, it only takes a few percentage points difference to add a couple of degrees.

[@velcroman11]

So, remove the heat pollution and introduce chemical pollution to replace the heat pollution, clever.

[@joshuaohuka7719]

A genius mind at work... Thank you for this...

[@punditgi]

Exquisitely beautiful video! More, please! 🎉❤😊

[@crp2035]

Nice video as always. Would you look into the claim that the greenhouse effect is the reason traditional greenhouses work? My understanding is that in greenhouses, preventing convective losses is the key ingredient (see for example the wikipedia entry).

[@Fritz_Schlunder]

Glass greenhouses for growing plants do not operate on the same principle as the so called "greenhouse gases" like CO2 and CH4 (methane). A glass greenhouse gets hot because the sunlight energy is allowed in by the glass, but the hot air that gets produced (after the sunlight photon energy is absorbed by the ground/plants inside the greenhouse and turns to heat energy) is blocked from convectively rising and wafting away, due to the near air tight glass roof presenting a physical barrier. "Greenhouse gases" like CO2 and methane heat the Earth in the manner described in this KZbin video. The sun radiates much of its energy between around 300nm to 1000nm down to the surface of the Earth. At the surface of the Earth, the sunlight photons hit something like the ground or a tree leaf, and then converts into thermal energy, at a temperature roughly around 300 Kelvin (~25 Celsius). The 300 K earth surface then acts approximately like a blackbody radiator, which re-emits much longer wavelengths of radiation, mostly in the range of 5,000nm to 25,000nm. The so called "greenhouse gases" like CO2 are very transparent to 300nm - 1000nm sunlight radiation, but it is not fully transparent to the 5,000nm to 25,000nm radiation. CO2 has a relatively high absorption of longwave infrared photons in the range of 12,000nm to 25,000nm. Therefore, some of the longer wavelengths of the ~300 K radiation originating from the surface of the Earth end up getting absorbed by CO2 molecules in the atmosphere, and then they get re-emitted in a new and random direction (50% of the time still pointing up towards space, but the other 50% of the time pointing back down towards the surface of the Earth, which causes it to get re-absorbed by the surface of the Earth, thus temporarily preventing the energy from escaping into space). Thus, CO2 does slow/impede radiative cooling of the Earth, which does result in higher average Earth biosphere temperatures. However, the "heating mechanism" of atmospheric CO2 is not the same as a glass greenhouse for growing plants (which relies on mechanically blocking convection of hot air). Perhaps a more accurate term, rather than "greenhouse gases" (for CO2 and CH4), would be "weather modifying gases".

[@panKowalski597]

@@Fritz_Schlunder Amazing explanation, thank you so much

[@medexamtoolsdotcom]

It has nothing to do with convection. It has only to do with the fact that gases like carbon dioxide and methane are ever so slightly opaque to infrared but much more transparent to visible light, so the light from the sun sees no encumbrance in getting in, but the infrared coming from the Earth sees something of an obstacle getting out.

[@larrywiniarski1746]

​@@Fritz_Schlunder Yes and No. There are 3 methods of heat transfer. Conduction, Convection and Radiation. They all affect the final temperature of the greenhouse in significant ways. It depends on the day, the outside temperatures, the wind speed, the opacity of the air, humidity. Just saying it's convection and convection only, is not really accurate. Not saying convection isn't important, just that it isn't the only thing.

[@kassandralehming9641]

@@Fritz_Schlunder N2 and O2 comprise 99% of the atmosphere; 2,500 times more abundant than CO2. A thermometer held in the air will reveal the temperature of all the constituent gases. If N2 and O2 are "non-radiative" and all the energy absorbed by CO2 is immediately re-radiated, how does the atmosphere as a whole warm and cool? In fact, at 1 bar atmospheric pressure, the CO2 molecule will collide with 1,000 other particles in the refractory period following vibrational excitation, whereby the energy goes into heating the atmosphere, not the surface of the Earth. Wrapping the sphere in a blanket of gas, then warming the gas might raise the temperature of the surface but not by bouncing the same photon back and forth. Equally, it might not, since the warmer air will rise more quickly away from the surface and closer to the level at which energy can be radiated to space by, perhaps, a now enhanced concentration of radiative gases.

[@SirNobleIZH]

"Now with raytracing"

[@mattplays3824]

Yeah

[@luimackjohnson302]

Superb, Brilliant and Amazing! Thank You!

[@tman52100]

I discussed this with my heat transfer professor in college years ago. Cool idea, I hope it'll get implemented

[@andrewwilkinson5220]

That’s a lot of words to describe a shady tree

[@julian-jh8mp]

ALL NOTIFICATION-GANG ASSEMBLE

[@T1mo777]

Aerogel is literally the best thing ever i've seen a million videos on yt about how great this material is

[@nathanielscreativecollecti6392]

I love developments like this. Thanks for sharing.

[@MrGrombie]

I’ve been working on building an energy efficient home that essentially pays you to live there. I would love to see your concepts on this, or if you have any that ring a bell. The roofing material would be an interesting touch in mind. Now how do I make sheets of it? Lol

[@geraldfrost4710]

I installed a Planetary Air Conditioner on my roof. How cool is that! You might want to take a peek...

[@MrGrombie]

@@geraldfrost4710 sounds interesting. I will check that out here soon!

[@solidfuel0]

Where can I check both of your work?

[@MrGrombie]

@@solidfuel0 my work? It's all in my head. XD

[@MrGrombie]

I did get a lot of inspiration from earthship homes. If that helps.

[@feynstein1004]

Amazing video. Please don't go the way of clickbaity corporate misinformation like Veritasium.

[@Rudxain]

Clickbaity? yes. Misinformation? where?

[@PythonPlusPlus]

So in a nutshell, it works by reducing the incoming energy, and maximising the outgoing energy, such that the outgoing energy becomes greater than the incoming energy. That makes a lot of sense.

[@shoutitallloud]

Like you pay $3 get an apple in return and $1 change. But then next time you pay $3 get and apple in return and $4 change.

[@aledirksen01]

This was absolutely beautiful. You earned yourself a subscriber.

[@fireofenergy]

Awesome. It's possible that these new materials might cause a new form of pollution? They say plastic is bad. Would these be worse over the long run?

[@almachizit3207]

Most of the volume of aerogel is made up of microscopic holes. A very small amount of plastic will produce a very large amount of aerogel. The amount of plastic in the aerogel required to cool a building would be less than the amount of plastic in the paints or tiles that would have made up the facade of the building anyway. If it ever does cause an issue, other polycarbonate molecules such as lipids or cellulose would be fairly easy and renewable replacements/alternatives.

[@almachizit3207]

A continuation: Aerogel or other hyper-porous materials could however be prone to shedding micro or nano-particles as they wear under exposure to the elements. For instance, under direct sunlight and wind, it is possible that aerogel could start releasing airborne microplastics, which are known to be harmful to both people and animals. Lipid or cellulose based aerogel alternatives would likely do the same, but, being common organic materials, the particles given off would be less harmful than sawdust

[@JoJo-vg8dz]

Indeed. Teflon is toxic. Titanium is a heavy metal. And nano particles of these 2 elements would be very volatile and dangerous. Easily inhalated. Organisms can't get rid of nano particles. We will have the same kind of sanitary issue as the one caused by asbestos.

[@Santibag]

Wow, this was enlightening! And of course, great production quality! I subscribed. I got an idea from this. We may not be able to make aerogels at home, as NileRed demonstrated how difficult it may be. But PE is very common. And we only need the small particles of it. Then, we can just make dust of it at home using abrasives or crushing, or any way that works. Then, we can either fill it into some microfiber cloth or suspend it in some kind of IR transparent polymer. As a result, we get a DIY cooling material. IDK if that would work, though. I would love to experiment myself, actually. But IDK if I will do it or not.

[@nexes6718]

Thank you for the information definitely learned a couple things I will be looking into.👍

[@maheshkanojiya4858]

Next level stuff, actually very recently I realised that much of credit for technology and comfort that we possess goes to research in material science This video added another great information to it also the hope that material science will change our lives in future Thanks a lot keep it up ❤ love from India 🇮🇳

[@Mike23443]

This video could only be made by someone who's living in a hot climate. I'm out here in -15 degree blizzard wondering when I'll ever even need to use any of this technology.

[@merpman5574]

My christmas was 80 degrees F

[@gmdascensia]

It's almost always over 30 here and never dropped below 27 And 27 is enough to make me cold, I wonder if this technology implemented I'll be freezing to death

[@geraldfrost4710]

@@merpman5574 Was only 75 F here.

[@CaptainObvious0000]

so you think that in sibiria when they want to cool a machine or structure in a working environment, they "just open the window" or "throw it in a lake" ?

[@Mike23443]

@@CaptainObvious0000 no I'm just saying that in temperate climates hot weather only usually happens in waves and only during about a quarter of the year. A lot of folk around here treat it as a mild inconvenience to be endured because it will soon pass. Besides the way houses are built in climates that have actual winter means that they are very well insulated. This applies not only to heat but to the cold as well. During hot summer days we leave all the windows open during the night and close them in the morning. The air in the house continue to be cool and only ever becomes warm in the afternoon when the temperatur outside begins to fall anyway and the cycle repeats. My point being, this video could only be made by somebody who actively struggles against heat for the majority of the year, so much so that they begin to brainstorm ideas about how to combat it. I would never think about it because heat isn't nearly as annoying to me to waste time thinking how to get rid of it. But this is also from a civilian point of view. Large factories and heavy machinery are a different story irrespective of the climate.

[@josipj705]

Honey wake up, new But why? video dropped

[@juhatoivanen2382]

One of the best videos that I have ever seen.

[@JamesBeaucoup]

This totally makes sense, and also I love structural light reflection like this. Feels similar to the structural color found in opals so I'm wondering what these fabrics look like when reflecting the light from several particle sizes like this

[@tofolcano9639]

Really cool technology 👍 But please whatever you do don't turn it into a gas and release it into the atmosphere to prevent climate change. Snowpiercer reference

[@WanderTheNomad]

@@somenameidk5278 I think it was more a joke than an argument

[@geraldfrost4710]

I wrote a book about space based mirrors that are used to cool the planet, how they preform as a heat engine that shunts heat back into space, but one could also run the engine in reverse and cook your enemy with a death ray. You know, that old chestnut.

[@ChaosmanOne]

The energy always comes from somewhere. There is no free lunch in this universe.

[@vdinh143]

To be precise, the energy has to *go* somewhere. You're trying to cool down an area, i.e. sucking the energy out of that place and piping it somewhere else.

[@geraldfrost4710]

@@vdinh143 The go-to would be space. It acts as a wonderful heat-sink. It comes from that giant nuclear reactor in the sky. We live, like the foam on the tide, in the area where incoming and outgoing balance at the optimal temperature for life. We have water in liquid/solid/gas form. How amazing is that!

[@Th3_Gael]

Only video I've seen from this channel. Subbed before it finished

[@uniearesende]

Amazing, from the animation to the content. Thanks.

[@coreymangold981]

I have to disagree with the very first thing stated. Neither the magnetosphere or greenhouse gases are the most important factors for making earth habitable. The sun's average distance and its typical energy output are the two most important factors. Those two factors have such a profound and overwhelming affect on the global habitability that all other factors pale in comparison. Not arguing the rest of the video. The intro is simply misleading because it doesn't speak to the scale of factors involved. When compared to the suns' effect, the magnetosphere and greenhouse gases are trivial.

[@vadimtea]

yoooo

[@rexplode5511]

yoooo

[@nou5440]

yoooo

[@CarlosHgamboa1]

This gave me an idea about a way to generate electricity using the difference of temperature of a building with its environment. Really cool concept! Thanks!

[@eatshitlarrypage.3319]

What you're thinking of is called a thermopile, in the off chance you didn't know. They're pretty neat!

[@monsieurbacteria2314]

Damn, this is one of those videos which make me smarter whilst being interesting af. Great job!