Enzymes: Nature's Factory Workers

What are enzymes? Why they're nature's little factory workers. They chop up certain things! They build up others! Pretty amazing the kind of chemistry nature can do given enormous polypeptide chains with unfathomable variability and billions of years of evolution, no?
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[@ProfessorDaveExplains]

Whoopsie! At 1:07 that should say 98 Fahrenheit, not Celsius! Boy would that be trouble.

[@wondertraveller9928]

What are Allosteric enzymes?

[@Flightstar]

If you want metric, convert it yourself lazy ass.

[@johnnyboy3390]

@@apexxxx10 The saddest part of your comment is you edited it and it is still awful.

[@chatwithmara2841]

man i was like that sounds unhealthy

[@crivasevo87]

Professor Dave Explains its all good. We should now that 37C is 98F by now lol

[@aymanefadel5060]

This guy is carrying my semester

[@64Fredy]

same same over here man

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True I got straight A watching his video ngl.

[@ev9998]

Literally

[@danjbro]

I hear you! I just got accepted to graduate school and realized it's been years since I've taken Biochemistry and realize I need a big refresher so here I am....

[@scottwolf2631]

PROF .Dave, you were SO ILL PREPARED FOR Kent, You made a fool of yourself, as NO EVOLUTION HAS EVER BEEN PROVEN ! SORRY, Dave I am "Beyond& Back" You should be smart enough to know the wrist was part of the hand in biblical times, hand would tear away!holes (marks He calls them You will get to see when you die as I did 3 times! "not your time" 10 brain surg.A normal human wouldn't survive Go ahead message me !' Sun Tsu would be pissed @ you not knowing your adversary! sure anyone could destroy Flat earth Dave!!

[@apollopercytiels]

You explain better than my biochemistry professors 90 minute lectures. You’ve been my saving grace since I found you for organic chemistry😭👍

[@CoVs7]

nice

[@lukepereira5880]

Enzyme binding is no longer recognized with the "Lock-and-Key" hypothesis. This is because the active site is not a perfect complement to the substrate. You do not want your enzyme to bind too tightly to the substrate or you might get stuck in the ES complex. This is to say that the difference between the transition state and a tight ES complex would be too high. Think of it more like a sock and a foot where the enzyme (like a sock) can mold to the size of the foot and thus decrease the Free Energy (G) of the ES transition state.

[@TheEureka00]

all hail the Induced Fit ✨✨

[@joaojose3120]

I'm a Brazilian student of Biological science, and I am trying to learn english. So, your videos help me a lot, cause I hear of a contents that I like at the same time that I try to understand your leanguage.

[@happyjohn1656]

Have you graduated yet? 😀😃😄 7:39 PM 12/13/2020

[@Kora_4e]

@@happyjohn1656 10/25/2021 I hope he's a master in the English language by now.

[@Kavin-gw7lk]

Yeah i might have mastered it completely 3/3/2024. 9.00pm

[@ericheine2414]

One of my undergraduate degrees is in Biochemistry. It's really nice to have this as a review. I think Dave's presentation is better than the one I got at UC Davis. Thanks Dave.

[@brycejohnson3347]

Current undergrad at UC Davis right now, can confirm. That's why Im here watching.

[@mayalhumood3518]

I am here because it's better than Columbia's

[@S4Kyoto]

At 1:19 the video shows 98°C for body temperature. I mean °C or Kelvin is the way to go but it would be 98°F or in the proper metric system 36.67°C.

[@ProfessorDaveExplains]

oh man what a stupid error! ahhh i'll add an annotation i suppose.

[@Mo-qb5fb]

he probably meant 97 degrees Fahrenheit

[@fiepps]

Imagine we were that hot lmaoooo PS: Prof Dave is

[@aryansaxena3114]

OMG I just noticed that! 😂

[@ksumar]

@@ProfessorDaveExplains In UK 🇬🇧 we use Celsius which is more logical ie 37C is the optimum temperature for Enzymes to work. Water 💦 boils at 100C and freezes at 0️⃣ C. 98F = 37C 😊

[@Blank_sp8ce1234]

I recently failed my first biochemistry test. I hope that watching these videos along with reading my chapters can help me get a much better grade on my next test. Kinda anxious tbh

[@Kora_4e]

same situation here, hoe we acc next exam ( mine 11/16)

[@Lilithotw]

Bit late but i hope you did tell on ur test!!!

[@Shenodien_uu]

Thank you so much for your efforts to make up this video, I am a student from Egypt and you are really helping me with your videos in studying , keep going Mr Dave 👏💛

[@tallmikbcroft6937]

Love your opening. Thanks for helping me study for my biology test

[@thenightdances21]

Thank you SO much! I don't know what I would do without your channel! You help me get through Biochem in undergrad and now you're helping me with the MCAT!

[@andemariamtesffa6043]

Thank you very much for your time and clear explanation.

[@OkKhaos]

A long time ago, I made a comment about how I disliked your teaching style, since it seemed as if you were reading off of some sort of prompter and weren't genuinely involved in teaching the subject. I now understand how difficult it is to put together a flawless presentation and still try to remember it all, so I commend you for that. I appreciate all of these videos because I really have learned a lot from them. Thank you professor Dave!

[@Lilithotw]

These videos are so unbellivvably helpful especially for me in my third college year. Thank you for everything you do

[@ambrosekolurejo6821]

Thanks you are a life saver. I wouldn't have known how to write my Biotechnology test (BTH204) without you.

[@haykt1329]

you're the best thing to every have happened to youtube!!!!!Thank you sincerely for all your videos

[@javierquimicaorganic]

Hello Dave..... Fantastic!!!!!! I look for new ideas in your videos.

[@johannahorns]

Apart from some mistakes it´s well explained. Ligases and Lyases both cleave and combine molecules, for an enzyme always catalyses the reaction foward as well as rewind. The difference is that a Ligase needs energy for example from ATP and the Lyase doesn´t. Furthermore there was a mistake about the Coenzymes and Cofactors. Cofactor is the generic term for Coenzymes and Prosthestic groups. Coenzymes are molecules the bond only for the short moment of reaction while prosthetic groups are bond covalently to the enzyme. It has nothing to do with the type of molecule or ion. The ion you´ve described for example is a prosthetic group.

[@mahnoorzaman8405]

Is there any source I could use to get additional info on enzymes and binding that occurs during catalysis?

[@rakshaaiyappan8193]

Thank you so much for this amazing video! Can you please also talk about inhibition and allosteric sites?

[@sarika1163]

Your lectures are the reason im curious and excited to know more

[@angelicaarimuhunan5248]

I always recommend your videos to my students.

[@oompaloompa23]

Keep up the great work!

[@Becca6296]

Thank you so much I thoroughly enjoy your videos!

[@ulanjaherbert4368]

wow, this is an awesome explanation I never expected. God bless you, Professor Dave.

[@AJ-gk9iu]

Professor dave gets back to me faster than my actual professors. I dont know if thats amazing or sad.

[@lincymzembe5545]

professor Dave,... I like your videos, they really help me a lot

[@narimenedjemili2787]

im a high school student in north africa , and we have enzymes , proteins and such things as the subjects of the final exam , i wonder what grade americans study this , and gret video by the way , you have saved a life

[@tithijain5533]

I'm Canadian so I'm assuming it should be pretty similar in America too. We start the basics in grade 11 and then this much detail is learned in grade 12 :)

[@bombandjuan154]

@@tithijain5533 at my school in America we started this in grade 9

[@tithijain5533]

@@bombandjuan154 woah that’s kinda early, y’all are just advanced I guess 🤷‍♀️

[@bombandjuan154]

@@tithijain5533 nah I don’t think that’s the reason I just think it is different from from district or state and I’m also in medical high school ,so, that might also be the reason.

[@tithijain5533]

@@bombandjuan154 1. You’re in medical school!! That’s amazing, that’s where I aspire to be in a few years. 2. I think the American education system is a lot different than I anticipated since we have a similar curriculum for all of Canada and there is not specific bio course that’s considered ‘advanced’

[@sanikaghanekar6085]

Thanks it was really helpful. I understood it very well could you please explain the enzyme kinetics related to the Michaelis-Menten constant

[@user-in6fy4oy3y]

I frickin love professor dave

[@jackkellogg43]

Clutchest man alive, saved my bio semester grade

[@jackkellogg43]

Bruhh not 15 minutes after I comment this he highlights it

[@naveensundar4765]

@@jackkellogg43 reply too lmao

[@georgearias7336]

People like this guy, makes science fascinating!

[@hdjm9668]

Thank you so much, such a helpful video

[@samuniverse2]

Great video Dave

[@jollyjokress3852]

the residue in the active site part - that was hella interesting!

[@eleftheriospitsilis2988]

hello i was a former revserve officer in my country i starting to study in colege man your the best proffesor thank you . i can learn from you

[@joashhappy5739]

just out of curiosity what country

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im thinking of becoming a officer after university

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I love your videos Professor Dave thanks a bunch

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absolutely love love your channel

[@WolfgangDegKirtan]

Professor Dave putting the proverbial Student Biochem Team on his back!

[@owelg6963]

Thank you professor!

[@bjerryy]

You’re a master!

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Thanks Prof Dave😍

[@iremerdogdu1659]

hii, you are perfect professor ! im a dentistry student from turkey. and this video is perfect for meee

[@astruanatyehia8469]

I think it's like recitation of saved blocks of information without going beyond

[@ibrahimyakub6503]

Thank you prof

[@ethanjohnson8107]

Thank you, chemistry Jesus!

[@tj7935]

Hey Dave. Love your videos. I have one small complaint though. Somewhere around 1:12 you say "...and using only the reactions it has stumbled upon by blind chance." Being a Microbiologist (grad student, so still in school) I understand what you mean here, but technically its not 100% accurate and the statement can be used to sow confusion. I was a young earth creationist until I was 23 years old (34 now), and back then I would have jumped on this statement as a means to justify my distrust of the theory of evolution. Your recents 'debate' opponent, Ken Hovind, who was a hero of mine back then, loves these statements. The thing is, natural selection is not blind chance. Mutations are, but natural selection is not and, correct me if I am wrong, but these enzymes are the product of natural selection over time. Anyways, thanks for doing what you do and keep up the good work!

[@incitedoubt5375]

the process of evolution is, in itself, a sort of intelligence. but blind chance is what provides it with these materials

[@antiquarian1773]

I'm not sure this would interest you but it would be cool to see a video about hair loss, seems like a big puzzle that no one can figure out. How can 5-alpha reductase inhibit scalp hair but increase facial and body hair. Why do some men go bald but others don't? why does hair miniaturize on the top but the side is immune? Always love watching your videos thanks ! :)

[@pokleki24]

Thanx Dave

[@justalittleguy733]

I love your videos! Do you have anything on enzyme denaturation?

[@ProfessorDaveExplains]

not yet but maybe in the future!

[@cusubhasis]

Professor Dave.... Thank you so much for sharing your outstanding illustrations on different facets of Biochemistry

[@AhmedAdel-od4ld]

Hi prof. Isn’t there a category of enzymes called polymerase enzymes , or it belongs to one of the six groups you mentioned?

[@KyleStLouis-wl9vn]

at 5:20 it was definitely a subliminal message for "blue balls" haha. OMG I'm dying!

[@user-zs4sm5yk9i]

I’M 10 and I love organic chemistry & now biochemistry

[@danakarko3346]

Waiting for Carbohydrates. :) Thank you so much. You're changing the world.

[@ProfessorDaveExplains]

releasing that one tomorrow!

[@ornizjquinonesrivera3695]

@@ProfessorDaveExplains That one was excellent. Really usefull. I finished ORG1,2 BIOL1 ,2 I am at Biochem now, heavy stuff. I have ADHD and mild dislexia. Pushing Hard to be Doctor/Nutrtionist! Fan for life. You are going to be great Dave. Continue!

[@ruthdestinyongera7457]

Best of the best.....my biochemistry hero

[@frobisherzake1577]

PROFF DAVE thanks for the grate work of educating the world

[@ukrfriend]

Thank you for making this video. Your good at explaining these concepts. What boggles my mind is that someone with your intelligence looks at an even great intelligence of the body and believes it happened by chance...

[@SaadSaad-mb4py]

Fantastic

[@desalina3576]

really good

[@nadjadavidson411]

I'm a layperson with a love for biochemistry. Loved the video!!!

[@AmberChanelMonaii]

i am just going to watch all your videos

[@ProfessorDaveExplains]

yeah yeah!

[@peymandehdar3824]

this guy is carrying my semester too

[@zakumshayrafeh5794]

Perfect

[@davidhavumiyaremye7564]

thanks a lot, i am interested . I'm a biology teacher in Rwanda

[@agussurachman5246]

Thank you Prof.. Made me realize... GOD AlMighty, All Praises to Thou for Thou amazing creation..

[@jenniferbabila6956]

I adore this guy, brillant mind always exist.

[@FirstLast-fr4hb]

4:18 Bacteria do a great job of breaking it down actually, and produce quite a bit of gas 😅

[@ElizabethRey97]

Hey prof! Are you a chemistry or a biochemistry major? Thanks for your awesome explanations!

[@ProfessorDaveExplains]

i did chemistry! focused on organic. actually i never took any biochemistry as an undergrad, i've just sort of pieced it together over the years, and in graduate school.

[@ElizabethRey97]

Professor Dave Explains Awesome! I started as a biochemistry student but I decided to continue as a chemistry student. So I transferred into Chemistry department. I'm currently doing my masters in biological and organic chemistry (bio-organic chemistry) at the University of Toronto. Thanks for answering! Best of luck :D

[@ProfessorDaveExplains]

sounds pretty exciting! good luck in the lab, that was the rough part for me. spread the word about professor dave!

[@ElizabethRey97]

Professor Dave Explains Oh crap hahaah I understand. And believe it or not I sometimes advice the new first year undergrads to watch your videos for help and better explanations (yours and other channel's hahah but you're one of them)!!

[@markybayona7426]

thank u

[@girmakibret7735]

professor Dave is very funny and interesting

[@neilnolte2587]

Wait... how did living cells do chemistry before the enzyme evolved? Never mind, that's not why I'm watching this video.

[@ELLLLLLL333]

Thanks, you are amazing!

[@sumitachakraborty1127]

awesome !!!!!!!!I am from india

[@aliidan9086]

Can you make a video about Enzyme specifity, like bond specifik or absolute specifik etc.

[@minhaajhaji2908]

Alxamdulilah I understand this lesson Thank you teacher I come from somalia 🇸🇴🇸🇴

[@memoboy4141]

Thanks daddy dave u saved my life

[@amalomer7466]

Keep the hard work..it's very very very simple n useful 💙

[@khalifabio]

Great video, just a small precison, at 5:53, lysine is a basic amino acid not acidic

[@ProfessorDaveExplains]

Depends on protonation state

[@EpicSelenium34]

At 6:14, the coordinate-covalent bonds between the ligands and the e- acceptor metal ion are polarized with a large negative dipole on the sulfurs and nitrogens and a large positive dipole on the metal, correct? This seems logical since the e- donor atoms have a greater electronegativity than the metal atom (say the metal in the picture is magnesium or zinc, for instance).

[@ProfessorDaveExplains]

with something like a metal ion i would have thought they were entirely electrostatic interactions, but if there is considerable covalent character yes i suppose it would be quite polarized.

[@EpicSelenium34]

Ok, great! I WISH that the interactions were purely ionic, but nothing is ever that simple. :P Thank you for your good videos!

[@sarikavishwakarma2235]

Sir please make the video on transcription translation and protein synthesis

[@ProfessorDaveExplains]

I did that! Look through my biochemistry playlist.

[@BoisetteBeatrix]

Hey Proff Dave, I love your videos ! quick question 5:54 is Lysine acidic or basic ? I got kind of confused

[@ProfessorDaveExplains]

great question! depends on the pH. if lysine is protonated it's slightly acidic, with the NH3+ group. if its not protonated, it's slightly basic, like a regular amine.

[@BoisetteBeatrix]

Thank you for the explanation. :)

[@Darkmatter321]

Best!

[@happygimp0]

I have to correct you at 4:15. It is not a deficiency in lactase that makes people lactose intolerant, because this is the normal state of an adult. We are not designed to consume milk as adults, lactose tolerance is the exception.

[@ProfessorDaveExplains]

Lactase, not lactose. Lactose intolerance stems from a deficiency in lactase, the enzyme that metabolizes lactose.

[@happygimp0]

@Professor Dave Explains Thank you for the answer. My point is that this is normal and should be the case. When you say deficiency it sounds like there is something wrong, but that is not the case. Lactose intolerance as an adult is normal and a good thing, it means the body does not waste energy to make an enzyme, lactase, to break down food we are not designed to consume. "Lactase, not lactose" Thank you.

[@ProfessorDaveExplains]

There is no “good” or “bad” in biology. We are not designed in general. Most people have a certain amount of lactase. Some have less. That’s all it means.

[@janetjasmine6471]

A very unusual question which keep popping in my head that why Professor wear same shirt in every lecture???

[@ProfessorDaveExplains]

i film an entire series in one day rapid fire!

[@janetjasmine6471]

Wow you are super cool....

[@Reni8705]

OMG I love this vid 🤓🤓🤓😀😀

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dude has a video on everything

[@blancadeluna88]

I always read my assignment (16-40 pages) and then I come here to understand what I just read. Thanks to your videos I'm an A+ Student :D Thank you!

[@mrjoemrhollywood]

This why there is a god

[@normahostetler7859]

If you could add verbiage like "Enzyme is a protein that serves some kind of catalytic function in the body" to your visual, that would be even more awesome! Thank you for your videos. They're very instrumental.

[@SheenMB11]

HEY THIS GUY MAKE ME REALISE! FOR ENZYME, JUST THINK OF PACMAN GAME!

[@PrimumGenus]

Not sure if I was listening carefully, but can an enzyme split an atom and create nuclear fission? Something like oxidoreductase or acid base catalysis

[@ProfessorDaveExplains]

oh heavens, no! enzymes do chemistry only, and chemical reactions involve only the rearrangement of atoms, never the alteration of the identity of an atom. redox and acid/base are examples of chemical reactions.

[@PrimumGenus]

so acid base catalysis (transferal of proton) is not the alteration of the identity of an atom? 5:37

[@johannahorns]

No it isn´t. It´s not a proton from the nucleus of an atom that is transfered. It´s only a charged hydrogen atom. Hydrogen consists of a single proton in the nucleus and an electron. If the electron is removed, there is only the proton left. But it remains a hydrogen atom.

[@rudyleotardo8278]

My ALT and STC enzymes are high

[@eduardod.bellozacca8020]

Jesuschrist explaining some chemistry

[@angelsrxck]

Maybe you answer or maybe you don’t, but what about microorganisms and enzymes? Is there any video about that?

[@ProfessorDaveExplains]

check my microbiology playlist!

[@Dat1Crush]

Hey so I’m wondering what regulates Enzyme’s ??

[@Dat1Crush]

Oh nevermind he answered my question a few seconds later😭it’s my second time watching this and I didn’t catch him it but I did now and I thank you 🙏

[@mahibaahmed533]

What is enzyme substrate complex?

[@ProfessorDaveExplains]

it's just the enzyme plus its substrate!

[@tonyalhareth7813]

Thanks jesus for the lesson ❤️

[@loshithasahan7164]

Sir what is allosteric regulation of an enzyme?

[@ProfessorDaveExplains]

it's where some molecule binds with the enzyme at some site other than its active site and regulates its activity that way

[@loshithasahan7164]

Thanks for your explanation sir.....

[@KZKonradZ]

Please add a metric scale to videos :/

[@ProfessorDaveExplains]

what's that?

[@clovissimard3099]

1 Différenciation des tryptophanases de cinq espèces d'Enterobacteriaceae par groupes sulfhydryle. Simard C , Mardini A, Bordeleau L M. Can J Microbiol. 1975 juin;21(6):841-5. PMID : 1097069Français.