The Facts About Dinosaurs & Feathers

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Over the past 20 years, dinosaurs of all types and sizes have been found with some sort of fluff or even full-on plumage. These fuzzy discoveries have raised a whole batch of new questions so we're here to tell you everything we know about dinosaurs and feathers.
Produced for PBS Digital Studios.
Thanks to Fabrizio De Rossi, Julio Lacerda, Franz Anthony and Studio 252mya for their illustrations. You can find more of their work here: 252mya.com/licensing
Thanks as always to Nobumichi Tamura for allowing us to use his wonderful paleoart. Check out his portfolio: spinops.blogspot.com
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Ostrom, J. H. (1969). Osteology of Deinonychus antirrhopus, an unusual theropod from the Lower Cretaceous of Montana (Vol. 30). Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University.
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[@katherinestives940]

Something a bit amusing to me is that I am old enough to remember when the "theory" that birds were related to dinosaurs was controversial. Most scientists at the time argued over the concept. Now, it's just accepted.

[@mlgodzilla4206]

Probably because a ton of fossils of feathered dinosaurs have been found who also have many similar features to that of birds

[@gregmuon]

I guess I am old enough too. When I was in college the notion that birds were dinosaurs was already around, but it it was considered a crackpot theory.

[@anthonycrowley2264]

@Where's the hen? most of the ones who still say stuff like that are the religious nuts who "don't believe in" evolution

[@luminous420]

Beyond the feather's there are other traits that links avians to other therapods like the wishbones and their feet.

[@NelsonDiscovery]

@@anthonycrowley2264 I wonder where the normaltrash eggs are who still don't believe dinosaurs existed.

[@angelinakardakova]

I love how all hosts on this channel look like nerds and rockstars at the same time

[@eons]

I've been told that I look like a dumb jock, but I'm actually a dumb nerd. (BdeP)

[@kattiestoneman1059]

They super inspire me though

[@ambergris5705]

OK, Rock star isn't the first thing I though when I saw Hank Green, but feel free. However, I do see what you mean.

[@scitechian]

@@ambergris5705 He's kind of a rock star in terms of having legit old-school KZbin credentials.

[@daviddraper890]

@@ambergris5705 Hank also plays music and even has a nerdy punk rock band called Hank Green & the Perfect Strangers.

[@juliec5151]

This video is so beautiful... it reminds me of when I was a little girl dreaming about becoming a paleontologist :') Now if you'll excuse me, I need to make a trip to the dinosaur exhibit at my local museum.

[@lukeskywalkerjediknight2125]

Julie C Skywalker gl hf 👍🏻✌🏻️:D

[@shenghan9385]

Lucky you that you have a dinosaur exhibit near you.

[@blackwater7183]

Same when I was a little boy I dream about dinosaurs now I am one...

[@RuthlessDestroyer]

That’s nice 👍🏾

[@MaryAnnNytowl]

@Sile72 um, no. Just no. Just because you don't believe or understand the science of archaeology doesn't mean it's fiction. More likely is that the existence of your brain is fiction.

[@jcortese3300]

You know what I'd love to learn about -- not the appearance of feathers on dinosaurs, but BEAKS. Feathers on dinosaurs seem reasonable to me. They're just the warm outer covering on something, and they don't require a radical reshaping of the animal. They're sort of a "coat of paint" on the existing animal, like fur. But bills and beaks? To me, that's the single biggest difference between the extinct dinosaurs and the ones we have around today, the birds. Beaks require a radical reshaping of the skull and the animal's most important interface with the outside world: its mouth. I mean, beaks versus teeth involves a completely different change in what an animal eats, which has got to impact its survival and living habits way more than feathers. Maybe beaked dinosaurs survived because beaks are an adaptation for animals that eat small seeds and small prey, and maybe creatures that lived on tiny living things were better able to survive post-asteroid-impact than the big toothy ones that needed to eat big old prey. I think sometimes we focus too much on the feathers as the biggest difference between dinosaurs and birds, but to me, the beaks and bills are a far greater mystery, and I just can't see how they arose. What kind of mutation would result in a beak versus a mouth? Where do the teeth go? Are there reptiles or birds that have both beaks AND teeth? Once beaks evolved, have they ever disappeared? Has such a massive alteration in an animal's mouth ever happened in other types of animals, like mammals or insects?

[@stevenbaumann8692]

Janis Cortese beaks are common in many different types of dinosaurs. They also appear in other animals like turtles. I would like to know why no toothed avian dinosaurs survived.

[@Slashplite]

some reptiles have beaks. There is this one turtle with a beak and his mouth is basically a straw

[@AmogusEnjoyer99]

Janis Cortese beaks evolved from dinos that gradually lost teeth throuout the various stages of species

[@MrStensnask]

Good question. Actually, many species of ducks have serrated bills and those serrations act (and look) much like teeth. Also, the evolution of the beak would've taken many thousands, maybe even millions, of years. Something like that doesn't just happen over a few hundred years. As far as we know, birds haven't devolved beaks ever in the history of birds. They're incredibly versatile tools just like different kinds of teeth are for mammals and reptiles. That's not to say that it couldn't happen because of course it could. It's all stored in the genes of birds. That's why some scientists hope to genetically reverse engineer chickens to bring out dinosaur traits.

[@binky2819]

I think you kind of answered your own question. Beaks (most likely) evolved to take advantage of other food resources (seeds, insects) to avoid competition with other species. It's easy to see how small theropods would evolve beaks, because small creatures could survive on a diet of seeds and stuff, but even large theropods (such as Gigantoraptor) had beaks so it could be possible that they evolved multiple times. Modern day birds still have genes in their DNA necessary to make teeth, they're just not activated at any point during their development. As far as I know it's impossible for an animal to simultaneously have teeth and a beak. All insects have external mouthparts (they don't have jaws like us). And extremely modified mouths have appeared in other tetrapods, which when you think about it, it's also hard to imagine how they became so precise and specialized. For instance, chameleons have elongated tongues that they can shoot out of their mouth to catch insects from a distance, anteaters have lost all of their teeth and have a ridiculously long and narrow "snout" with an even longer tongue, some whales have also lost their teeth and replaced them with baleen which they use to filter food from large gulps of water, snakes have hollow fangs through which they inject venom to stun or kill prey and they are folded back when not in use, etc.

[@AntonioBarba_TheKaneB]

A giant jurassic bald eagle is equally terrifying as a giant two legged crocodile. Feathers might look like fluffy and all, but modern raptors are perfect killers, like cats with wings!

[@SKy_the_Thunder]

Imagine getting stalked by a man-sized owl... *shudder*

[@mladtheimpaler]

SKy_the_Thunder just search up owl man prank.

[@piggyoinkoink6352]

I can picture Deinonychus as a cross between an oversized land eagle and a roadrunner, with teeth and sickle claws added to the mix. Now THAT'S an awesome sight I'd love to see in a movie.

[@EmmaSpAce111]

yas

[@pixelapocrypha]

Perfect killers because they've had millions of years to perfect it. It's truly awe inspiring.

[@jessicalee333]

If terror birds were still around, we'd have no trouble accepting feathered dinosaurs, or the fact that birds are related to them. Those things were terrifying!

[@davidls187]

People kind of accept birds are related to dinosaurs by now, but they refuse to accept the fact that they ARE dinosaurs. Let's start a trend. #BirdsAreDinosaurs

[@arachnid83]

Birds maybe dinos but let's just reserve that name to honor those that fell to the KT event.

[@APD9]

Cassowarys are scary

[@antifagoat6591]

I think the connection might have been made sooner if they were still around.

[@christopherlongsworth2591]

How do you know? Unless you Vandal Savage, I garuntee that terror birds went extinct before your parent's parent's parents were even in the process of conception.

[@irenehynes7536]

This is an awesome revelation! When I was about 7, I collected Red Rose Tea dinosaur cards, and loved them! I dreamed of becoming a paleontologist then, and I am STILL fascinated. I can remember thinking: “some Dino’s look like birds, and why can’t they have feathers?” The people I said this to, at school, and to family, laughed at me. But look who is laughing now. Impressive!

[@FengXingFengXing]

Want see hummingbird evolution!

[@LuigiTheHeadcrab]

whenever the dinos had short pointless nub hands I imagine they had long fancy feathers on their 'fingers' to attract mates or whatever. Modern birds with pointless nubs usually have long fancy feathers.

[@moomooimasheep1705]

Most of the comments are "feathers are not scary" or " i would love a pet fluffy dino" or something like that but would you mess with a angry cassowary (scary-ass fricken bird from hell) or what about wolves or a bear, fluffy but not very friendly

[@SKy_the_Thunder]

Try hugging a hungry man-sized eagle.

[@jessicalee333]

Australia fought a war against Emus and lost. It took ten shots from machine guns per Emu killed. They compared Emus to Zulu warriors for their bravery and resistance to being brought down by gunfire.

[@theamazinggamers5948]

Try petting a hairy man. It’s pretty terrifying.

[@maniacram]

Jessica Lee I don’t know why but that is one of the funniest things I’ve read 😂

[@ismaelrubio4768]

I havent seen any of those comments but i do agree

[@susanoo6483]

Now I'd like to see a video about how beaks evolved. Not just in birds, but other reptiles.

[@lachlanmacarthur8992]

Aria of the Aberrant that's something I really want to know.

[@piggyoinkoink6352]

Weren't there lots of beaked dinosaurs? Among theropods there are the oviraptors and the ornithomimids, not to mention hadrosaurs and ceratopsians. A bigger question would be, why did none of the toothed dinosaurs (including the toothed early birds) survive to the present? Did beaks provide that much of an advantage?

[@mho...]

@@piggyoinkoink6352 main reason is a Beak is waaaaaay lighter then a yaw with teeth!

[@sorrenblitz805]

I'm actually far more interested in how beaks evolved in cephalopods, not reptiles.

[@xelxebar]

I just binged this whole channel! Motivated me to finally memorize the eons, eras, periods and epochs. That little bit of memorization has made it a lot easier to remember the chronology of geologic events. Having an overview idea of what life existen when significantly enriches these videos and other "deep history" stories. Thank you so much and keep up the awesome work!

[@patrickfitzgerald2861]

What amazes me is that there are enough fossils to learn anything at all. Each one is a lucky accident, and fragile feather fossils even more so. Thank you for this video PBS.

[@ThunderGun2]

That means I’ve been eating dinosaurs all along. lol

[@demonking86420]

And wizards were using dinosaurs for messaging, yeah (owls, they used owls)

[@3fortheroad]

T rex--tastes like chicken.

[@Ett.Gammalt.Bergtroll]

I’ma go fry some T-Rex Nuggets.

[@peterjamesgabinete5346]

Fabled Thunder lol so true.

[@vituperation]

So dinosaur-shaped chicken nuggets are really just dinosaur-shaped dinosaur nuggets.

[@michrain5872]

Every time I stop to admire a bird's flight I'm like, "to think this is what dinosaurs came to...", and I feel humbled and amazed, fortunate to be able to witness the result of millions of years of evolution and change in a single moment :3

[@MoebiusPan]

An episode on the species that survived the Permian extinction, and the hardships of life after that would be quite interesting.

[@evelynsnyder5866]

I like this idea! You always hear about the ones that died out but not the ones that lived.

[@vampyricon7026]

Would there be hardships? I woulda thunk that there are mamy more niches to be filled than there are species so everyone's happy

[@robinchesterfield42]

I support this. Actually the Permian extinction in general is fascinating...and so sad. Most of an entire class of creatures (the "mammal-like reptiles") went extinct...and if you think about it, they're kind of OUR dinosaurs. In the sense that they were "part" reptile and part _mammal_, rather than "part" bird, and the in-between phase doesn't exist anymore but their descendants took over the world. Also I kinda like Gorgonopsian for some reason. :P

[@robinchesterfield42]

+Vampyricon Weeeelll...technically yes, but the air would still be low oxygen, full of ash, wrong temperature and most of the plants would still be dead for a long time afterwards. (Not to mention what happened to the oceans!) More like lots of niches to fill _if you can_...

[@irreversiblyhuman]

This lady is an awesome presenter. Thank you for the information provided xxx :)

[@JohnnyWishbone85]

The thirst is real.

[@AlamoOriginal]

She's pretty, i am definitely into her, i mean into her presentation

[@Breviparopus]

They all are and so informative videos, I only wish that they would make a video about all the prehistoric creatcures they know

[@richardadams4928]

It took hundreds of millions of years to produce the perfect little tiny dinosaur who watched this video with me; my cockatiel, Baby.

[@alexandralee303]

Could it be possible that flight evolved from the feathered dinos flapping to get up trees? Like it gave them an advantage to get away from predators and to chase prey, so I can totally see it gradually becoming flying up trees over time

[@nordfreiheit]

This is so amazing. As a child in the 90s, I was fascinated by dinosaurs. Learning that they were more bird-like and had feathers (or even fuzz) instead of just being leathery or with scales restores my childlike wonder about them- and totally changes my perspective on birds today. I'm so happy advances continue to be made in this field.

[@xxXthekevXxx]

Such a great video! And I’m loving the intelligent conversations and debates happening in the comments haha such a difference from typical channels’ comment sections :)

[@FredHarvey779]

I clicked like on this vid, but..., I actually loved it! Thanks for helping me learn.

[@eons]

Thanks for watching! And liking! (BdeP)

[@zeinnerp7609]

You should really make a video on flying, How it developed in life's history. Going from the weird Carboniferous arthropods, to the winged tetrapods from the Permian, pterosaurs (which are themselves another interesting topic) to birds and bats.

[@vampyricon7026]

+

[@animalman57]

Please do one on Titanoboa.

[@qubox692]

lmao

[@Apostate_ofmind]

HELL YEA

[@arthipex8512]

No, please don't o.O

[@CynicallyYours]

Dino Fluff is literally the cutest thing I've ever heard

[@captainsugar8041]

I love this channel. Teach me ALL the things. 🙌🏻

[@aliblis2347]

*Better to admit in mental hosting*

[@charlonsanchez6504]

I love how nice trex look with feathers

[@italucenaz]

But now we knot that it were likely almost featherless, I do agree it would be pretty, but we have skin impressions, and the size and the environment in with they lived shows that probably the has no super fluffly T rex

[@MrStensnask]

How about covering the evolution of the egg shell? It's such a brilliant biological invention and it comes in so many shapes, sizes and even colors! Plus you get to disucss the wierd mammals that also have them. Neat, huh? :)

[@Blue_Anzu]

Well..... it only comes in one shape :P

[@MrStensnask]

No, it doesn't :) some eggs are almost completely spherical, some are oblong and some have the more traditional egg shape with a wide bottom and a narrow top.

[@Grand_History]

I'd like to learn about the different terms used in paleontology. Taxonomy, phylogeny, etc.

[@philipnorris6542]

Some dinosaurs had feathers, others didn't; some were warm-blooded, others were not; and some were probably brightly coloured while others were more drab, as in the animals that are around today.

[@DaHoppah]

I’d love to see an episode on the “boar croc” Kaprosuchus!

[@veggieboyultimate]

It is so amazing how paleontologist manage to make such ground breaking discoveries like this which makes the dinosaurs even more amazing to look at considering how long they lived and how diverse they were.

[@brookeconsole5719]

Dinosaurs were not giant lizard monsters, feather you like it or not.

[@deepspaceexplorer4265]

And you know this because???

[@TheMrPeteChannel]

So birds are reptiles than? Since dinosaurs are reptiles.

[@italucenaz]

@@TheMrPeteChannel birds are philogeneticaly reptiles, but we don't consider them reptiles just to facilitate the fields of study, they changed a lot and almost have no resemblance to they relatives, but they are indeed fancy reptiles

[@italucenaz]

They were giant and most of them have no feather nor filaments, but they weren't monsters nor lizard-like, the T. rex for exemple certainly didn't have a lot o festhers, most of the herbivores and some carnivores have no direct nor indirect evidence of fluf

[@rhthehuman866]

Mr. Pete Channel needs 800 subbies! Yes

[@JoelFeila]

how about the evolution of the placenta

[@YIIMM]

Joel Feila Placentae evolved from marine animals related to corals and jellyfish. They migrated onto land at some point in the last 70-75 million years but fossil records are scarce due to their preferred habitats and lack of skeleton.

[@scaper8]

YIIMM What!?

[@UlaisisP]

What!?

[@Lexivor]

Placental mammals are symbiotes, created when egg laying mammals first started living with the placenta after they came out of the sea. It's just like lichens being plants and fungi living together.

[@scaper8]

Please, stop. It was marginally humorous the first go around but when bad almost immediately. This simply isn't the place for such misinformation and falsehoods. If, by some crazy set of circumstances, you actually think that either of those two things are what actually happened, they aren't. As I understand it, science is a bit fuzzy on how, when, where, etc. but that is absolutely and fundamentally incorrect.

[@juliab.-rakoczi5305]

When your 4 year old is at daycare and you have 10 minutes for only yourself : KZbin recommendations - DINO FEATHER FACTS PS Nice, interesting video

[@petarx9824]

Yall made me view birds differently for the past 4 months cuz im addicted to all of your prehistoric series going through the cambrian to all the way to the cretacious

[@eternal8song]

I'd like to learn more about the Ediacaran Fauna. we talked about them briefly in my geology class, but honestly I still don't really understand anything that complex (relatively speaking) could survive the Cryogenic.

[@italucenaz]

Tyranosaur was definately not completely feathered, maybe some fluf in some parts, but due to their region and fossilized skin imprints of a couple of tyranosaurids including Tyranosur itself, we know that it would probably be almost naked if not all

[@carmensalazar825]

The scales were most likely from the feet of the t rex

[@marghiecanas9744]

this channel is just pure treasure

[@Estuardomendez13]

we live in a world where feathered dinasours hunt eachother mid air

[@italucenaz]

This my man, is what I call evolution

[@danieljgore1]

Love the Paleozoic and Mesozoic posts (don't stop) but I'm starting to wonder when Cenozoic posts will happen and what they could be like. Or is there just too much fascinating fossil evidence to even BEGIN? *squee*

[@robinchesterfield42]

Ohmygod, yes. Prehistoric mammals for the win! The weirder and less already-famous-in-movies the better. :) (Have you seen that one video where it shows a lot of Cenozoic creatures walking by a human silhouette, in order of size? It's seriously awesome.)

[@jacoblofthus7908]

I don't like certain early-2000's depictions of feathered dinosaurs. They tend to look disturbingly like chimps. I do like how more recently, the avian/non-avian dinosaur connection has been solidified.

[@sebastianyanes4508]

I can't still wrap my head around, man. I was so brainwashed all my life, is hard to imagine dinosaurs like that...

[@Orlanzepol123]

I was so amazed when I first heard that modern birds 🦅 evolved from dinosaurs. And I also wondered why it took these smart scientists so long to make the connection because when I look at my cockatiel’s feet and body shape I can clearly see its resemblance to the mighty ol’ dinosaur 🦖

[@richardblazer8070]

Actually scientists had put the connection together during the 1800's, the group ornithischis literally means bird hipped, and scientists like henry huxley hypothesized that four winged gliding dinosaurs would be discovered decades upon decades before genera like microraptor were discovered, but the prevailing idea at the time was that birds evolved from pterosaurs and thw bird dinosaur connection didn't see the light of day again until the 60's

[@C_Beaty]

I'd love to hear about the giant mammals of the last Ice Age! Also, it would be interesting to hear about the evolutionary path of a notable species (elephants have a particularly strange set of evolutionary ancestors, could be a great species for that).

[@Blobernik52]

I'm so happy, I asked this exact question on one of the first videos and now you've answered it. Thank you!

[@joshxkerrigan]

I both adore and appreciate this channel. Great quality, no fluff, amazing.

[@walterendres916]

I really love this channel. Keep it up. It's the highlight of my week when a new video comes out.

[@wesleymcspadden5437]

You do know that feathers in T. Rex might have been a trait like brown hair or black hair, a lot of Theropods had feathers, but there are some Theropods like Carnotaurus had evidence that they had completely no feathers. It was also determined that Sauropods had no feathers at all. These discoveries are leading to debates if they should change the arrangement of sauropods from the dinosaur family tree. In Paleontology they are making new discoveries which will probably be a lot of changes as well. The T.rex did had evidence though that it only often had protofeathers from the back of its head to the beginning of the tail, but then they find some T.rexs that had no evidence of feathers, this is why it was determined that feathers might have been a trait like brown and black hair.

[@antifagoat6591]

I think if T-Rex did have feathers that they were like elephant body hair. It exists, but it's not very obvious on their tough skin and the purpose is practically vestigial. It's also possible that baby dinosaurs had a sort of "down." Soft tissue and skin preservation is still relatively rare, so who knows?

[@limoncr5205]

@@antifagoat6591 t-rex had scaled skin, we know that today

[@macgonzo]

Love the show :-) I would like to learn more about the "were dinosaurs cold-blooded or warm-blooded" debate, and the evidence we now have that answered this. Many thanks!

[@rohanb2300]

How about Viruses ? How they came into being and evolved?

[@InfectedChris]

Rohan Bassi I also would like a video on the history of the virus.

[@Cyrillus_EX]

Just google it, jeez it's not the 1800s. Now we have Internet

[@BradShreds]

I posted a comment PBS makes great videos. He’s simply asking them to work their magic on his subject of curiosity. Duh

[@hootboi9092]

I posted a comment a typical answer of ppl who have no clue

[@luigi2496]

We started raising livestock and we got their diseases i know that much.

[@sethgale2968]

+PBS Eons There is plenty of Ceratopsian skin impressions that show they were scaly. Psittacosauridae is an early branch and located well outside Neoceratopsia. Basal Neoceratopsians like Aquilops do not have these feather fillements, and with the multiple skin impressions found in Ceratopsians like Centrosaurus, Chasmosaurus and Pachyrhinosaurus do not show evidence of feathers.

[@MrStensnask]

I agree with aleix1203. Also, remember that many fossils have been uncovered showing absolutely no feathers or protofeathers and later - through the discovery of another fossil of the same species - it was discovered that the species in question actually did have some sort of feathers.

[@mosquitomilk9877]

(This is completely off topic but I just wanted to put this out here) Feathers are a type of scale.

[@Ozraptor4]

Similarly the presence of fuzz in Kulindadromeus, Tianyulong and Psittacosaurus would indicate (via phylogenetic bracketing) that hadrosaurs were feathery. Only we have numerous skin impressions, including the famous "mummies", of duckbills which demonstrate the presence of scales over the vast majority of their body. Clearly there was a great deal of variability in feather vs scale covering, even within closely related lineages = Parts of the tail that are clearly covered in fluff in Sinosauropteryx were scaly in the related Juravenator.

[@sethgale2968]

Ozraptor4 But yet, no one depicts them as such. Either make Ornithichians all fuzzy since their ancestors like Tianyulong had fuzz, or keep it to taxa only confirmed to have them. Varience is seen in integumentary structures throughout the animal kingdom, across clades and even families. Sauropods arnt rendered feathery, although they are Saurischians and would be more likely to have them than Ornithiscians, especially derived ones like Triceratops.

[@Ozraptor4]

THE the agenda troll = depends if you consider the bristles to be homologous with Stage 1 protofeathers or not. In structure they appear match Prum's 1999 prediction of what a Stage 1 structure would look like. (doesn't change the main point that hadrosaurids were scaly though)

[@Kaylad8528]

How did vertebrae/the spine evolve? Why do all land vertebrates have four limbs?

[@sierrajay809]

Kaylad8528 Look up Tiktaalik

[@jaschabull2365]

Also, check out Trey the Explainer's video on ontogeny and neoteny. Apparently, considering sea squirts start out being kind of fishlike and having vaguely spine-esque parts, it's thought there were some of those which didn't grow up and kept the fishy form and it led to vertebrates.

[@Ryan-el7zf]

You might want to check out the two-part documentary with David Attenborough called _Rise of the Vertebrates_ - you can find it on youtube and it should answer your question pretty well :)

[@UlaisisP]

I´m not sure all land vertebrates have four limbs. Take snakes for example.

[@Ryan-el7zf]

UlaisisP They _did_ have four limbs, though. ;) While they have no limbs today, the ancestors of snakes and legless lizards had four limbs like all other vertebrates. Eventually these legs became vestigial over time as they moved on to slithering, then they lost them altogether. AFAIA there are no known vertebrates that don't have, or whose ancestors didn't have, four limbs.

[@caroljomartin3051]

That's fascinating! If I had a time machine, I would definitely go back and study dinosaurs. I would LOVE to know more about their possible colors, too!

[@Alice-gr1kb]

Carol Jo Martin we know some of their colors

[@jonathancummings6400]

Ornithischians also have beaks like Birds despite being far away from them as well. In fact the Birds evolved "beaks" later than the early Ornithischians, an example of Convergent Evolution.

[@randomhuman2602]

Amazing and educational video! I showed this to my mom (because I am obsessed with dinosaurs) and showed her this so she understands more about our prehistoric fluffy friends.

[@blumenthal7528]

Everytime we see a depiction of T-Rex, they are shown as fierce, angry, blood thirsty murder beast 24/7. They might actually lived like lions, spending most of their time chilling or cuddling with their kids when they are not hungry.

[@johnnyli4702]

More about extinct birds... I've always wanted to know more about terror birds and the recently extinct giant moa. I find them a lot more interesting than modern birds...

[@Blue_Anzu]

Look up the secretary bird, it's a lot like a Terror Bird. It runs around on the ground stomping on snakes and lizards

[@phoeix940]

Johnny Li Yeah, also the ratites; I like those, & made an Excel presentation about them. Moas and elephant birds would be awesome to ride if they were alive today; at least, we still have ostriches... Real-life chocobos. XD

[@tacos394]

yes to this idea!!!

[@johnnyli4702]

@@tacos394 they already have videos on both now that you can check out :)

[@WhiteChocolate74]

Elephant birds too

[@freedomfirst5557]

Keep them coming, love these shorts.

[@ottiej.914]

Love the series, thanks to everyone who helps make it possible, I got my notifications on for this and click on it everytime (:

[@dinodude7290]

this is soo tue on soo many levels also great vids guys and girl

[@criticalpoint7672]

Nice necklace.

[@multiyapples]

Thank you for covering this PBS Eons.

[@mikeyd946]

Absolutely there were feathers. It shows the MILLIONS in years of evolution 🦜

[@StarSpawn06]

Pterasaurs, the sister-group to the dinosaurs, had hair-like body covering called pycnofibers, which were structurally similar to the protofeathers on theropod dinosaurs. So based on phylogenetic bracketing, it is reasonable to assume that protofeathers were a trait basically common to all dinosaurs.

[@italucenaz]

Yes, it is reasonable, but we do have evidence that the bristles from the turkey is actually not related to the feathers, and if a mutation like taht occured in a nowaday bird, it could have happened in the past, for explemple maybe filaments evolved a couple of times

[@aifan6148]

Remake of Jurassic Park? Feathery dinosaurs are so cuddly ♡

[@brandonshmandon1799]

Ai Fan There may actually be feathered dinosaurs in Jurassic world 3

[@severketorskeleton3759]

just wait until that cute chicken start to run in your direction, I'TS SCARY wait, are we talking about dinos or ostriches?

[@severketorskeleton3759]

@@brandonshmandon1799 just some litle feathers in only the males head of ONE species isn't a thing to considerate

[@brandonshmandon1799]

Manley I was referring to an interview with Jackhorner that talked about including feathered dinos for JW 3.

[@severketorskeleton3759]

@@brandonshmandon1799 oh ok

[@sapojuajac]

This is a wonderful service, thank you!

[@NerdyGeeky]

I really love this whole channel

[@jellow242]

i just love this channel. i enjoy every video

[@moomooimasheep1705]

Thank you pbs thank you.

[@teetywoo3156]

"Fluffier and fuzzier and more ornate" I love the language used by the script writer!

[@UlaisisP]

One of the best episodes so far! still waiting for the Endosymbiosis episode, the most important step to having multi cellular organisms (it is debatable, I know)

[@jivejunior8753]

It's a true shame that Jurassic Park, one a notable forwarder of modern dinosaur models, is now the ultimate symbol of outdatedness. Lovers of Jurassic Park that fight against accurate dinosaur depictions are doing their own idol a serious disfavor.

[@katiewade6238]

I just watch them to see the dinosaurs eat people.

[@matthewcapobianco9332]

I believe you mean ... extinct.

[@scandanmapping8507]

Jive Junior unless you’re talking about Tyrannosaurus, then the films were right.

[@SteelHex]

A fluffy T-Rex just doesn't have the same dramatic effect, as it would look like an oversized and toothed chicken. I understand why people don't want that to replace their childhood icon.

[@kopeyka22]

@@scandanmapping8507 No the films weren't. - Tyrannosaurus couldn't roar, nothing other than mammals can roar - Feathers - Its arms should be doing a clapping position - Skull shape - Type of scales - Animals it lives around - Speed - The things it will attack - etc.

[@hippiedude7480]

Dudes I want to see a video about allosaurus and the evaloution of large carnivorous dinosaurs

[@johnmanno9701]

It's SO funny seeing things like this now. Back when I was a kid, watching NOVA on Public Television, paleontologists got into HUGE fights over this, with most of them ADAMANTLY asserting that birds were DEFINITELY NOT directly descended from dinosaurs, dinosaurs were DEFINITELY NOT warm blooded, they they DEFINITELY DID NOT have feathers. Poor Robert Bakker was almost the line contrarian voice back then. And I sincerely wish that these "mini sci shows" would give him more credit than they do for standing up to what was then the mainstream, majority opinion. He really put up with a lot of flack. I've always admired him for that.

[@stofosaurus]

Fantastic! Thank you so much for this!

[@wratched]

Archaeopteryx means "ancient wing" ."First wing" would be "Protopteryx"

[@xxXthekevXxx]

This is a very informative thread! Thank you both for teaching me some prefixes today :)

[@LucaDeflorian222]

The first fossil of Archaeopteryx ever found was actually an isolated feather, so we could translate its name into "ancient/primordial feather".

[@MarcoRoepers]

Thank you very much. This was the information I was waiting for. All the images of T. Rex were wrong

[@aimlesswalksphotography5797]

The hosts are really good. Great job!!

[@UnintentionalSubmarine]

That Epidexipteryx is like a more scary sci-fi monster. I can totally imagine the protagonists landing on a planet only to find these things and going "nopenopenope" and leaving in a terrible hurry.

[@wbedard]

Wonderful job...you really knocked this one out of the park! Keep up the great work.

[@vampyricon7026]

Knocked this one out of the Jurassic Park

[@garypalmer997]

I gotta say, i really appreciate that you mentioned some dino may have had feathers but there is no proof they had feathers like the T-rex or triceratops. Other people/KZbin channels just assume they did. Nice job 👍

[@italucenaz]

From phylogenetic bracketing we do know that tiranosauridae had the possibility to have feathers, because Yutyranus did have, so T. rex probably had, but not like any image shown on the video, the animal were likely almost naked or even all naked in adulthood

[@kyleebeep]

Love love loving these new longer videos 👍👍👍👍

[@animechica91]

Her skull necklace is amazing. Very informative!

[@vikasrao1033]

Whoever says feathered dinosaurs aren't scary has clearly never met a riled goose

[@kameron1290]

Lizard or the large flightless birds

[@stevenbaumann8692]

I want to hug a fluffy T-Rex! That squirrel Dino is also huggable. Isn’t there talk that ornithasurs might have been misclassified?

[@robinchesterfield42]

I KNOW! Well, not a T-Rex. I'm not that suicidal. But the Sinoseropteryx with its floofy plume tale is seriously adorable. There's also this game...I forget its name, newish game, where you play as a dinosaur baby (to begin with)? And the mama T-Rex had feathers all over with a white head? And I was like "HOLY CRAP IT'S A BALD EAGLE!" XD

[@ihh2921]

No one actually answeard his/ her question

[@stevenbaumann8692]

microbuilder we can only go where the data takes us and make our best interpretations.

[@stevenbaumann8692]

Pedro Rocha yes. Beats dying of cancer

[@stevenbaumann8692]

microbuilder stupid stubby arms. At least Sue is within 25 miles of me. I visit her quite often.

[@josephertz5786]

I really enjoy learning about this stuff really quite interesting. Thank you for doing theses videos

[@MrSicc274]

Amazing channel. I’m addicted to these clips.

[@catcameron2495]

What about vocalizations? Most animals have calls for a variety or purposes. Did dinosaurs? Calls like birds?

[@Blue_Anzu]

We think that dinosaurs had a variety of growls, hisses and maybe squeaks, like modern birds. They probably didn't chirp though because their vocal organs aren't identical

[@catcameron2495]

Cool. If dinosaurs had feathers like birds it's fun, or terrifying, to imagine Albertosaurus and their cousins dancing like Wild Turkeys.

[@thecheshire5762]

Cat Cameron Yeah,Oviraptors probably did a weird little mating dance. Look up Khaan,the oviraptorid dino who was preserved while courting for a female.

[@thecheshire5762]

Cat Cameron Big guys like T rex and Albertos probably did closed mouth vocalisation like booms and grunts and purrs,and probably the majority of it was low frequency. Smaller guys like raptors may of sounded like the Russian Fish Eagle (search it up,its call is pretty weird) but may of hissed and did Closed Mouth Vocals as well

[@miriamlogan3733]

Americans: feathered dinosaurs are so lame. What happened to all the badass lizards from Jurassic Park? Kids these days. smh also Americans: The bald eagle is such a majestic animal; every time I see one I shed a single tear and whisper, "freedom."

[@miriamlogan3733]

@@walangchahangyelingden8252 America's national animal is a feathered dinosaur.

[@walangchahangyelingden8252]

@@miriamlogan3733 True

[@fermintenava5911]

Very good comprehensive look on the subject

[@luudest]

3:38 It‘s the same development as with many inventions: A new feature spreads out in many forms, and then after time only the best will survive

[@Dr.IanPlect]

no

[@moldytaters4190]

How about an episode of how people discovered what color the feathers/fur were?

[@Daniel-vo1rx]

They already did that a few months ago

[@cosmicke1311]

Kason Zechiel its all a guess, they dont actually know

[@cosmicke1311]

well they kinda do

[@Benson_aka_devils_advocate_88]

cosmicke ฯ - It's more than a guess. They can go all the way down to the crystallin structure and look at how it would reflect light.

[@vampyricon7026]

A professor at my university worked on that. I think they used stimulated fluorescence.

[@inkliizii]

I'm trying to decide if that bird skull necklace is awesome or creepy. I'm leaning towards awesome, but idk.

[@caliswagsociety]

inkliizii Get a fossil necklace instead?

[@modolief]

Definitely awesome

[@ffmfg]

no. no. nope. creepy for me.

[@TiagoTiagoT]

A bit too edgy for my taste. But whatever.

[@_serkancetinkaya]

It reminded me of Cuthbert Allgood from Stephen King's Dark Tower series.

[@Tejaroxy]

My son would love to see a show about dromaeosaurs! Thanks for this excellent show!

[@rimibchatterjee]

A well-informed nerd is always a rockstar.

[@spazmaster1996]

You guys should do a video on the kingdom Animalia! Starting with the Porifera all the way through the invertebrates, to the vertebrates and so on! I find animal diversity so interesting from my lectures and i know you'd do it justice Or possibly shed light on the skin placodes that basically connect scales, feathers and hair etc during ontogeny. We covered this the other day and it was v interesting

[@robinchesterfield42]

Hell yeah! I would so watch that.

[@Finnthecreature]

I still can’t get over the fact I have 2 dinosaurs living in my house. And how we are getting at least 3 more to live in our garden

[@dmsarentworking2458]

Yet again I have been taught better by a KZbin channel than an actual school. Keep it up!

[@kingmeatballs8293]

Ryan Lu ha lol

[@jaspersic1529]

i learned a lot because of this channel,thankyou so much ,yll rlly put an effort on these♥️