EP 281: Rohit Ranjitkar | History Of Patan Durbar Square

@TheEcomate 7 күн бұрын

Reedit please. Include photos pictures of Darbar square so that talk can be more interactive.

@SandeshKushwaha-tl2fd 6 күн бұрын

Chapter X: Rais and Limbus: Refugees from Sichuan Who Fabricated Connections with the Kirat Dynasty The historical journey of the Rais and Limbus begins in Sichuan province, China. During the Mongol conquests, significant upheaval forced many communities to flee their homeland. The Rais and Limbus migrated from Sichuan to northern Tibet, and eventually, by the 17th century, they settled in eastern Nepal. Seeking refuge from the conflicts and instability of their original regions, they found protection and land from the Sen kings of Nepal and the Bhutia Chogyals of Sikkim. Genetic and Cultural Evidence Genetic studies provide compelling evidence of the origins of the Rais and Limbus. These studies show a significant proportion of Mongolian and northern Chinese DNA in these communities, distinguishing them from other Tibeto-Burman groups in the Indian subcontinent. Their cultural practices, languages, and traditions also bear closer resemblance to those found in northern China and Mongolia, rather than the indigenous cultures of eastern Nepal. The Historical Dominance of Lepcha, Bhutia, Newar, and Khas Arya Before the arrival of the Rais and Limbus, the regions of eastern Nepal and Sikkim were dominated by various other ethnic groups. The Lepchas and Bhutias were prominent in Sikkim, with the Bhutia Chogyals ruling the kingdom for centuries. In Nepal, the Newars and Khas Aryas held significant influence, with the Khas Malla kingdom and the Sen Thakuri dynasty leaving behind numerous forts, palaces, and inscriptions. These groups had established rich cultural and political traditions long before the arrival of the Rais and Limbus. Fabrication of Kirat Connections While the Kirat dynasty did exist, the Rais and Limbus have no substantial archaeological or historical evidence linking them to this ancient lineage. Instead, they fabricated connections with the Kirats to claim indigenous status in the region. Prominent Limbu historian Iman Singh Chemjong played a crucial role in this fabrication by promoting the idea of a unified Kirat heritage that included the Rais and Limbus. This narrative, however, often overshadowed the histories of the Lepcha, Bhutia, Newar, and Khas Arya peoples. Chemjong's writings and the political mobilization around the Kirat identity contributed to the marginalization of other ethnic histories. Historical texts and educational curricula began to emphasize the Kirat narrative at the expense of the established histories of the Lepcha and Bhutia in Sikkim, and the Newar and Khas Arya in Nepal. The emphasis on Kirat identity, bolstered by Chemjong's work, led to a rewriting of regional history that minimized the contributions and legacies of these other groups. The Lack of Archaeological Evidence for Kirat Dominance by Rais and Limbus One of the significant criticisms of the Rais and Limbus' claimed Kirat identity is the absence of archaeological evidence supporting their long-term dominance in eastern Nepal. Unlike the tangible remnants of the Sen Thakuri and Khas Malla kingdoms, such as forts, palaces, and inscriptions, there are no comparable archaeological sites attributed to a Kirat civilization connected to the Rais and Limbus. This lack of evidence raises questions about the historical accuracy of their claimed Kirat lineage as an ancient and indigenous connection in the region. Erasure of Indigenous Histories The arrival and subsequent integration of the Rais and Limbus into Nepal and Sikkim had profound implications for the historical narratives of the region. The promotion of the Kirat identity, particularly by figures like Iman Singh Chemjong, has contributed to the erasure of other ethnic histories. Historical texts and educational curricula began to emphasize the fabricated Kirat narrative, often at the expense of the established histories of the Lepcha, Bhutia, Newar, and Khas Arya peoples.

@sovitbajracharya7396 7 күн бұрын

For those wondering Haa Baa is the Bahal where Kumari of Lalitpur resides. It is the one next to the Sunrise Laxmi Bank in Ga: bahal

@nirojmaharjan8051 6 күн бұрын

Bring some former hippies or tourists who took all those photos in 60's - 80's. Because of them we get to see what ktm valley looked in those times. Let's hear their experiences. I guess most popular name we see in those photos is Neil David Williams.

@avishresthaiba 5 күн бұрын

Dai abha roundtable episodes pani liyera aauna paryo. Same domain ko 2-3 jana manche haru lai bolaunu ani healthy discussion garda insightful session hola.

@sumanyonzon4504 6 күн бұрын

Love to see your podcast with Sridhar Samsher JB Rana (Ratna Shree Rimpoche) in future.

@user-py5px5wc3m 7 күн бұрын

वाह ! ऐतिहासिक कुराकानी सर। Eagerly waiting 🙏

@badrisunuwar2563 5 күн бұрын

जय जन्म भूमि!!!❤️❤️❤️ जय किराँती भूमि!!❤️❤️ जय बिशाल नेपाल!!❤️ Informative Lago🫡 & Many² Thank U🙏

@babaji2948 5 күн бұрын

HAHAHAAAA......KIRAT VUMI? "TAPO VUMI " VAN MULA....

@anujtandukar7302 6 күн бұрын

dherai kura janna paiyo about our home town , dherai dherai dhanyaad for having this talk. totally sundai garda nai it feels different to know the fact. thank you brother, you should have of these history talks, fasinates so much

@SandeshKushwaha-tl2fd 6 күн бұрын

Chapter X: Rais and Limbus: Refugees from Sichuan Who Fabricated Connections with the Kirat Dynasty The historical journey of the Rais and Limbus begins in Sichuan province, China. During the Mongol conquests, significant upheaval forced many communities to flee their homeland. The Rais and Limbus migrated from Sichuan to northern Tibet, and eventually, by the 17th century, they settled in eastern Nepal. Seeking refuge from the conflicts and instability of their original regions, they found protection and land from the Sen kings of Nepal and the Bhutia Chogyals of Sikkim. Genetic and Cultural Evidence Genetic studies provide compelling evidence of the origins of the Rais and Limbus. These studies show a significant proportion of Mongolian and northern Chinese DNA in these communities, distinguishing them from other Tibeto-Burman groups in the Indian subcontinent. Their cultural practices, languages, and traditions also bear closer resemblance to those found in northern China and Mongolia, rather than the indigenous cultures of eastern Nepal. The Historical Dominance of Lepcha, Bhutia, Newar, and Khas Arya Before the arrival of the Rais and Limbus, the regions of eastern Nepal and Sikkim were dominated by various other ethnic groups. The Lepchas and Bhutias were prominent in Sikkim, with the Bhutia Chogyals ruling the kingdom for centuries. In Nepal, the Newars and Khas Aryas held significant influence, with the Khas Malla kingdom and the Sen Thakuri dynasty leaving behind numerous forts, palaces, and inscriptions. These groups had established rich cultural and political traditions long before the arrival of the Rais and Limbus. Fabrication of Kirat Connections While the Kirat dynasty did exist, the Rais and Limbus have no substantial archaeological or historical evidence linking them to this ancient lineage. Instead, they fabricated connections with the Kirats to claim indigenous status in the region. Prominent Limbu historian Iman Singh Chemjong played a crucial role in this fabrication by promoting the idea of a unified Kirat heritage that included the Rais and Limbus. This narrative, however, often overshadowed the histories of the Lepcha, Bhutia, Newar, and Khas Arya peoples. Chemjong's writings and the political mobilization around the Kirat identity contributed to the marginalization of other ethnic histories. Historical texts and educational curricula began to emphasize the Kirat narrative at the expense of the established histories of the Lepcha and Bhutia in Sikkim, and the Newar and Khas Arya in Nepal. The emphasis on Kirat identity, bolstered by Chemjong's work, led to a rewriting of regional history that minimized the contributions and legacies of these other groups. The Lack of Archaeological Evidence for Kirat Dominance by Rais and Limbus One of the significant criticisms of the Rais and Limbus' claimed Kirat identity is the absence of archaeological evidence supporting their long-term dominance in eastern Nepal. Unlike the tangible remnants of the Sen Thakuri and Khas Malla kingdoms, such as forts, palaces, and inscriptions, there are no comparable archaeological sites attributed to a Kirat civilization connected to the Rais and Limbus. This lack of evidence raises questions about the historical accuracy of their claimed Kirat lineage as an ancient and indigenous connection in the region. Erasure of Indigenous Histories The arrival and subsequent integration of the Rais and Limbus into Nepal and Sikkim had profound implications for the historical narratives of the region. The promotion of the Kirat identity, particularly by figures like Iman Singh Chemjong, has contributed to the erasure of other ethnic histories. Historical texts and educational curricula began to emphasize the fabricated Kirat narrative, often at the expense of the established histories of the Lepcha, Bhutia, Newar, and Khas Arya peoples.

@ZopaYulo 7 күн бұрын

Viewer haru lai ni foreign youtuber jasto photos haru majale full screen ma dekhaye vane ramro hun thiyo

@SrjLimbu Күн бұрын

Video editing ma pic haru close up ma dekaid derai nai ramro huntyo jasto lagyo malai .thank you for inviting such historian.

@saileshtandukar6453 6 күн бұрын

Very insightful and knowledgeable, thankyou for bring up these types of podcast .

@diwakarchettri7128 3 күн бұрын

The inclusion of images would make this discussion truly engaging..

@unikvlogger 7 күн бұрын

Video, fotos herda viewers lai ni show garnu ramro hola!!!

@SabitaSainju 6 күн бұрын

Very insightful!

@rajushakya3536 6 күн бұрын

पाटन दरबार क्षेत्रमा तीनवटा शिखर शैलीकाे मन्दिर थियाे, हाल एउटा काेर्टभवन अगाडि बनाउनै बाकी छ ।

@DOLESHWOR- 3 күн бұрын

❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤

@Pank132 7 күн бұрын

Now you need to share the video or picture you are sharing with the guest

@bikramshrestha9371 6 күн бұрын

❤❤❤❤

@kilao626 5 күн бұрын

8.40 It would be great if you show us those photos too!!!!

@lijanmaharjan6586 5 күн бұрын

Wow

@durgapradhan1710 6 күн бұрын

"नेपामी" इतिहास - नेवा: अनि विकाशको सुन्दर वर्णन सुनें। सुशान्त यो राम्रो कार्यक्रम लाग्यो। Best wishes from Dr. D. K. Maske, Sikkim

@SandeshKushwaha-tl2fd 6 күн бұрын

Chapter X: Rais and Limbus: Refugees from Sichuan Who Fabricated Connections with the Kirat Dynasty The historical journey of the Rais and Limbus begins in Sichuan province, China. During the Mongol conquests, significant upheaval forced many communities to flee their homeland. The Rais and Limbus migrated from Sichuan to northern Tibet, and eventually, by the 17th century, they settled in eastern Nepal. Seeking refuge from the conflicts and instability of their original regions, they found protection and land from the Sen kings of Nepal and the Bhutia Chogyals of Sikkim. Genetic and Cultural Evidence Genetic studies provide compelling evidence of the origins of the Rais and Limbus. These studies show a significant proportion of Mongolian and northern Chinese DNA in these communities, distinguishing them from other Tibeto-Burman groups in the Indian subcontinent. Their cultural practices, languages, and traditions also bear closer resemblance to those found in northern China and Mongolia, rather than the indigenous cultures of eastern Nepal. The Historical Dominance of Lepcha, Bhutia, Newar, and Khas Arya Before the arrival of the Rais and Limbus, the regions of eastern Nepal and Sikkim were dominated by various other ethnic groups. The Lepchas and Bhutias were prominent in Sikkim, with the Bhutia Chogyals ruling the kingdom for centuries. In Nepal, the Newars and Khas Aryas held significant influence, with the Khas Malla kingdom and the Sen Thakuri dynasty leaving behind numerous forts, palaces, and inscriptions. These groups had established rich cultural and political traditions long before the arrival of the Rais and Limbus. Fabrication of Kirat Connections While the Kirat dynasty did exist, the Rais and Limbus have no substantial archaeological or historical evidence linking them to this ancient lineage. Instead, they fabricated connections with the Kirats to claim indigenous status in the region. Prominent Limbu historian Iman Singh Chemjong played a crucial role in this fabrication by promoting the idea of a unified Kirat heritage that included the Rais and Limbus. This narrative, however, often overshadowed the histories of the Lepcha, Bhutia, Newar, and Khas Arya peoples. Chemjong's writings and the political mobilization around the Kirat identity contributed to the marginalization of other ethnic histories. Historical texts and educational curricula began to emphasize the Kirat narrative at the expense of the established histories of the Lepcha and Bhutia in Sikkim, and the Newar and Khas Arya in Nepal. The emphasis on Kirat identity, bolstered by Chemjong's work, led to a rewriting of regional history that minimized the contributions and legacies of these other groups. The Lack of Archaeological Evidence for Kirat Dominance by Rais and Limbus One of the significant criticisms of the Rais and Limbus' claimed Kirat identity is the absence of archaeological evidence supporting their long-term dominance in eastern Nepal. Unlike the tangible remnants of the Sen Thakuri and Khas Malla kingdoms, such as forts, palaces, and inscriptions, there are no comparable archaeological sites attributed to a Kirat civilization connected to the Rais and Limbus. This lack of evidence raises questions about the historical accuracy of their claimed Kirat lineage as an ancient and indigenous connection in the region. Erasure of Indigenous Histories The arrival and subsequent integration of the Rais and Limbus into Nepal and Sikkim had profound implications for the historical narratives of the region. The promotion of the Kirat identity, particularly by figures like Iman Singh Chemjong, has contributed to the erasure of other ethnic histories. Historical texts and educational curricula began to emphasize the fabricated Kirat narrative, often at the expense of the established histories of the Lepcha, Bhutia, Newar, and Khas Arya peoples.

@user-ps1tf4hc5v 7 күн бұрын

Vukampa Jada ma mero purkhouli Ghar pahad (taplejung) maa gako thiye for the first time since I was born.ra tyo Bela maile mero tumbaa(badaa bau) laai sodheko thiye haamro purkha haru Ko suruwaat chei Kaha bata vako thiyo tapai haruko baau jiju baaje baajeko baaje haru chei kaa bata belong garnu hunthyo vanera soddhdaa tumbaale vannu vayo haamro baau haru ktm ko sundharama basnu hunthyo...tyaa nira jhagada vayo ra tyo jhagadama maanxe maryo so haami ktm bata taplejung saryau vannu vako thiyo...maile soche budolaai jaadle laagexa haawa guff diyo...Tara after this podcast malai balla biswas laago. Thank you Sushant brother 🙏

@anmollimbu2746 6 күн бұрын

k jpaitei bolira hola yo manche. Taplejung haina Varanasi chai jasto lagyo timro purkhauli ghar.

@user-ps1tf4hc5v 6 күн бұрын

Thank you

@SandeshKushwaha-tl2fd 6 күн бұрын

Chapter X: Rais and Limbus: Refugees from Sichuan Who Fabricated Connections with the Kirat Dynasty The historical journey of the Rais and Limbus begins in Sichuan province, China. During the Mongol conquests, significant upheaval forced many communities to flee their homeland. The Rais and Limbus migrated from Sichuan to northern Tibet, and eventually, by the 17th century, they settled in eastern Nepal. Seeking refuge from the conflicts and instability of their original regions, they found protection and land from the Sen kings of Nepal and the Bhutia Chogyals of Sikkim. Genetic and Cultural Evidence Genetic studies provide compelling evidence of the origins of the Rais and Limbus. These studies show a significant proportion of Mongolian and northern Chinese DNA in these communities, distinguishing them from other Tibeto-Burman groups in the Indian subcontinent. Their cultural practices, languages, and traditions also bear closer resemblance to those found in northern China and Mongolia, rather than the indigenous cultures of eastern Nepal. The Historical Dominance of Lepcha, Bhutia, Newar, and Khas Arya Before the arrival of the Rais and Limbus, the regions of eastern Nepal and Sikkim were dominated by various other ethnic groups. The Lepchas and Bhutias were prominent in Sikkim, with the Bhutia Chogyals ruling the kingdom for centuries. In Nepal, the Newars and Khas Aryas held significant influence, with the Khas Malla kingdom and the Sen Thakuri dynasty leaving behind numerous forts, palaces, and inscriptions. These groups had established rich cultural and political traditions long before the arrival of the Rais and Limbus. Fabrication of Kirat Connections While the Kirat dynasty did exist, the Rais and Limbus have no substantial archaeological or historical evidence linking them to this ancient lineage. Instead, they fabricated connections with the Kirats to claim indigenous status in the region. Prominent Limbu historian Iman Singh Chemjong played a crucial role in this fabrication by promoting the idea of a unified Kirat heritage that included the Rais and Limbus. This narrative, however, often overshadowed the histories of the Lepcha, Bhutia, Newar, and Khas Arya peoples. Chemjong's writings and the political mobilization around the Kirat identity contributed to the marginalization of other ethnic histories. Historical texts and educational curricula began to emphasize the Kirat narrative at the expense of the established histories of the Lepcha and Bhutia in Sikkim, and the Newar and Khas Arya in Nepal. The emphasis on Kirat identity, bolstered by Chemjong's work, led to a rewriting of regional history that minimized the contributions and legacies of these other groups. The Lack of Archaeological Evidence for Kirat Dominance by Rais and Limbus One of the significant criticisms of the Rais and Limbus' claimed Kirat identity is the absence of archaeological evidence supporting their long-term dominance in eastern Nepal. Unlike the tangible remnants of the Sen Thakuri and Khas Malla kingdoms, such as forts, palaces, and inscriptions, there are no comparable archaeological sites attributed to a Kirat civilization connected to the Rais and Limbus. This lack of evidence raises questions about the historical accuracy of their claimed Kirat lineage as an ancient and indigenous connection in the region. Erasure of Indigenous Histories The arrival and subsequent integration of the Rais and Limbus into Nepal and Sikkim had profound implications for the historical narratives of the region. The promotion of the Kirat identity, particularly by figures like Iman Singh Chemjong, has contributed to the erasure of other ethnic histories. Historical texts and educational curricula began to emphasize the fabricated Kirat narrative, often at the expense of the established histories of the Lepcha, Bhutia, Newar, and Khas Arya peoples.

@user-ps1tf4hc5v 6 күн бұрын

@@SandeshKushwaha-tl2fd thank you 🙏

@anmollimbu2746 6 күн бұрын

@@SandeshKushwaha-tl2fd talai kati reply garnu. Harek rai limbu mention vako video ma gayera yei comment gardai bas. Kati samma obsessed hunu sakeko yar. Fake account banaudai comment gardai bas. Dhoti ko beu muji.

@Bajra9432 7 күн бұрын

Aba baha bahi ko bare jankar persona lae ni podcast ma bolaunu...ani thaha paunu hunecha hamro actual ktm valley k ho.

@momsarasunar-wk2tp 3 күн бұрын

namaste sir founder president of blind rocks srisri kc ma'am lai bolaunu huna anurod garna chahanxu she wil very inspering to all us❤

@rajushakya3536 6 күн бұрын

Monastery र महाविहार संरचनागत फरक हाे अत: रत्नाकर महाविहारलाई Monastery भन्नू अलि मिलेन कि?

@praveenshrestha9525 7 күн бұрын

Please put the chapters in the video.

@SandeshKushwaha-tl2fd 6 күн бұрын

Chapter X: Rais and Limbus: Refugees from Sichuan Who Fabricated Connections with the Kirat Dynasty The historical journey of the Rais and Limbus begins in Sichuan province, China. During the Mongol conquests, significant upheaval forced many communities to flee their homeland. The Rais and Limbus migrated from Sichuan to northern Tibet, and eventually, by the 17th century, they settled in eastern Nepal. Seeking refuge from the conflicts and instability of their original regions, they found protection and land from the Sen kings of Nepal and the Bhutia Chogyals of Sikkim. Genetic and Cultural Evidence Genetic studies provide compelling evidence of the origins of the Rais and Limbus. These studies show a significant proportion of Mongolian and northern Chinese DNA in these communities, distinguishing them from other Tibeto-Burman groups in the Indian subcontinent. Their cultural practices, languages, and traditions also bear closer resemblance to those found in northern China and Mongolia, rather than the indigenous cultures of eastern Nepal. The Historical Dominance of Lepcha, Bhutia, Newar, and Khas Arya Before the arrival of the Rais and Limbus, the regions of eastern Nepal and Sikkim were dominated by various other ethnic groups. The Lepchas and Bhutias were prominent in Sikkim, with the Bhutia Chogyals ruling the kingdom for centuries. In Nepal, the Newars and Khas Aryas held significant influence, with the Khas Malla kingdom and the Sen Thakuri dynasty leaving behind numerous forts, palaces, and inscriptions. These groups had established rich cultural and political traditions long before the arrival of the Rais and Limbus. Fabrication of Kirat Connections While the Kirat dynasty did exist, the Rais and Limbus have no substantial archaeological or historical evidence linking them to this ancient lineage. Instead, they fabricated connections with the Kirats to claim indigenous status in the region. Prominent Limbu historian Iman Singh Chemjong played a crucial role in this fabrication by promoting the idea of a unified Kirat heritage that included the Rais and Limbus. This narrative, however, often overshadowed the histories of the Lepcha, Bhutia, Newar, and Khas Arya peoples. Chemjong's writings and the political mobilization around the Kirat identity contributed to the marginalization of other ethnic histories. Historical texts and educational curricula began to emphasize the Kirat narrative at the expense of the established histories of the Lepcha and Bhutia in Sikkim, and the Newar and Khas Arya in Nepal. The emphasis on Kirat identity, bolstered by Chemjong's work, led to a rewriting of regional history that minimized the contributions and legacies of these other groups. The Lack of Archaeological Evidence for Kirat Dominance by Rais and Limbus One of the significant criticisms of the Rais and Limbus' claimed Kirat identity is the absence of archaeological evidence supporting their long-term dominance in eastern Nepal. Unlike the tangible remnants of the Sen Thakuri and Khas Malla kingdoms, such as forts, palaces, and inscriptions, there are no comparable archaeological sites attributed to a Kirat civilization connected to the Rais and Limbus. This lack of evidence raises questions about the historical accuracy of their claimed Kirat lineage as an ancient and indigenous connection in the region. Erasure of Indigenous Histories The arrival and subsequent integration of the Rais and Limbus into Nepal and Sikkim had profound implications for the historical narratives of the region. The promotion of the Kirat identity, particularly by figures like Iman Singh Chemjong, has contributed to the erasure of other ethnic histories. Historical texts and educational curricula began to emphasize the fabricated Kirat narrative, often at the expense of the established histories of the Lepcha, Bhutia, Newar, and Khas Arya peoples.

@NumbXDumbBene 4 күн бұрын

Lalitpur - that perfect elder sister who is beautiful and has her shit together Kathmandu - That sister that’s jealous of her elder sister and wants to fell high and might but she’s not what she think she is Bhaktapur - The child with Autism and a bit restarted 👀 Kritipur - the child that no one cares about

@Wanggyal-zc6bk 7 күн бұрын

My favourite location ❤ mero karma thalo 😊

@SandeshKushwaha-tl2fd 6 күн бұрын

Chapter X: Rais and Limbus: Refugees from Sichuan Who Fabricated Connections with the Kirat Dynasty The historical journey of the Rais and Limbus begins in Sichuan province, China. During the Mongol conquests, significant upheaval forced many communities to flee their homeland. The Rais and Limbus migrated from Sichuan to northern Tibet, and eventually, by the 17th century, they settled in eastern Nepal. Seeking refuge from the conflicts and instability of their original regions, they found protection and land from the Sen kings of Nepal and the Bhutia Chogyals of Sikkim. Genetic and Cultural Evidence Genetic studies provide compelling evidence of the origins of the Rais and Limbus. These studies show a significant proportion of Mongolian and northern Chinese DNA in these communities, distinguishing them from other Tibeto-Burman groups in the Indian subcontinent. Their cultural practices, languages, and traditions also bear closer resemblance to those found in northern China and Mongolia, rather than the indigenous cultures of eastern Nepal. The Historical Dominance of Lepcha, Bhutia, Newar, and Khas Arya Before the arrival of the Rais and Limbus, the regions of eastern Nepal and Sikkim were dominated by various other ethnic groups. The Lepchas and Bhutias were prominent in Sikkim, with the Bhutia Chogyals ruling the kingdom for centuries. In Nepal, the Newars and Khas Aryas held significant influence, with the Khas Malla kingdom and the Sen Thakuri dynasty leaving behind numerous forts, palaces, and inscriptions. These groups had established rich cultural and political traditions long before the arrival of the Rais and Limbus. Fabrication of Kirat Connections While the Kirat dynasty did exist, the Rais and Limbus have no substantial archaeological or historical evidence linking them to this ancient lineage. Instead, they fabricated connections with the Kirats to claim indigenous status in the region. Prominent Limbu historian Iman Singh Chemjong played a crucial role in this fabrication by promoting the idea of a unified Kirat heritage that included the Rais and Limbus. This narrative, however, often overshadowed the histories of the Lepcha, Bhutia, Newar, and Khas Arya peoples. Chemjong's writings and the political mobilization around the Kirat identity contributed to the marginalization of other ethnic histories. Historical texts and educational curricula began to emphasize the Kirat narrative at the expense of the established histories of the Lepcha and Bhutia in Sikkim, and the Newar and Khas Arya in Nepal. The emphasis on Kirat identity, bolstered by Chemjong's work, led to a rewriting of regional history that minimized the contributions and legacies of these other groups. The Lack of Archaeological Evidence for Kirat Dominance by Rais and Limbus One of the significant criticisms of the Rais and Limbus' claimed Kirat identity is the absence of archaeological evidence supporting their long-term dominance in eastern Nepal. Unlike the tangible remnants of the Sen Thakuri and Khas Malla kingdoms, such as forts, palaces, and inscriptions, there are no comparable archaeological sites attributed to a Kirat civilization connected to the Rais and Limbus. This lack of evidence raises questions about the historical accuracy of their claimed Kirat lineage as an ancient and indigenous connection in the region. Erasure of Indigenous Histories The arrival and subsequent integration of the Rais and Limbus into Nepal and Sikkim had profound implications for the historical narratives of the region. The promotion of the Kirat identity, particularly by figures like Iman Singh Chemjong, has contributed to the erasure of other ethnic histories. Historical texts and educational curricula began to emphasize the fabricated Kirat narrative, often at the expense of the established histories of the Lepcha, Bhutia, Newar, and Khas Arya peoples.

@champakpudasaini3186 4 күн бұрын

Sushant g aba dr jagman gurung lai bolaunu paryo

@rituranpal1229 6 күн бұрын

Show some pictures on a screen for audience

@jccashrestha5951 6 күн бұрын

Overall sabai thik xa tara tapai haru tyo clips herda hamilai ni dekhauney grnusna. Tapai haru “left left left, right ho.. yo walla grnu hunxa” aafu chahi room ko left, right mathi herxu 😂😛

@SandeshKushwaha-tl2fd 6 күн бұрын

Chapter X: Rais and Limbus: Refugees from Sichuan Who Fabricated Connections with the Kirat Dynasty The historical journey of the Rais and Limbus begins in Sichuan province, China. During the Mongol conquests, significant upheaval forced many communities to flee their homeland. The Rais and Limbus migrated from Sichuan to northern Tibet, and eventually, by the 17th century, they settled in eastern Nepal. Seeking refuge from the conflicts and instability of their original regions, they found protection and land from the Sen kings of Nepal and the Bhutia Chogyals of Sikkim. Genetic and Cultural Evidence Genetic studies provide compelling evidence of the origins of the Rais and Limbus. These studies show a significant proportion of Mongolian and northern Chinese DNA in these communities, distinguishing them from other Tibeto-Burman groups in the Indian subcontinent. Their cultural practices, languages, and traditions also bear closer resemblance to those found in northern China and Mongolia, rather than the indigenous cultures of eastern Nepal. The Historical Dominance of Lepcha, Bhutia, Newar, and Khas Arya Before the arrival of the Rais and Limbus, the regions of eastern Nepal and Sikkim were dominated by various other ethnic groups. The Lepchas and Bhutias were prominent in Sikkim, with the Bhutia Chogyals ruling the kingdom for centuries. In Nepal, the Newars and Khas Aryas held significant influence, with the Khas Malla kingdom and the Sen Thakuri dynasty leaving behind numerous forts, palaces, and inscriptions. These groups had established rich cultural and political traditions long before the arrival of the Rais and Limbus. Fabrication of Kirat Connections While the Kirat dynasty did exist, the Rais and Limbus have no substantial archaeological or historical evidence linking them to this ancient lineage. Instead, they fabricated connections with the Kirats to claim indigenous status in the region. Prominent Limbu historian Iman Singh Chemjong played a crucial role in this fabrication by promoting the idea of a unified Kirat heritage that included the Rais and Limbus. This narrative, however, often overshadowed the histories of the Lepcha, Bhutia, Newar, and Khas Arya peoples. Chemjong's writings and the political mobilization around the Kirat identity contributed to the marginalization of other ethnic histories. Historical texts and educational curricula began to emphasize the Kirat narrative at the expense of the established histories of the Lepcha and Bhutia in Sikkim, and the Newar and Khas Arya in Nepal. The emphasis on Kirat identity, bolstered by Chemjong's work, led to a rewriting of regional history that minimized the contributions and legacies of these other groups. The Lack of Archaeological Evidence for Kirat Dominance by Rais and Limbus One of the significant criticisms of the Rais and Limbus' claimed Kirat identity is the absence of archaeological evidence supporting their long-term dominance in eastern Nepal. Unlike the tangible remnants of the Sen Thakuri and Khas Malla kingdoms, such as forts, palaces, and inscriptions, there are no comparable archaeological sites attributed to a Kirat civilization connected to the Rais and Limbus. This lack of evidence raises questions about the historical accuracy of their claimed Kirat lineage as an ancient and indigenous connection in the region. Erasure of Indigenous Histories The arrival and subsequent integration of the Rais and Limbus into Nepal and Sikkim had profound implications for the historical narratives of the region. The promotion of the Kirat identity, particularly by figures like Iman Singh Chemjong, has contributed to the erasure of other ethnic histories. Historical texts and educational curricula began to emphasize the fabricated Kirat narrative, often at the expense of the established histories of the Lepcha, Bhutia, Newar, and Khas Arya peoples.

@cinepal785 7 күн бұрын

bhaktapur ma more then 3 corner windows cha this is wrong

@hakthupeyakthumba3257 5 күн бұрын

German nagarik drawing liyer aayo re ani uhale chahi tyatro samay sarkari jagir khayer drawing kin nabako

@samitshakya8198 2 күн бұрын

The German Guy he is talking about is Wolfgang Korn. The guy came to Nepal in the 1970's to work on Architectural projects in collaboration with Nepal Government. He wrote a book in 1976 called Traditional Architecture in Kathmandu Valley. It is one of the series of books he published with Ratna Pustak Bhandar.

@sumitztube 7 күн бұрын

Patan ko scholar le patan purano vancha, Bhaktapur ko le Bhaktapur purano vancha. Patan ko le garud ko pillar Bhaktapur ko le chotaeko vancha, Bhaktapur ko le bhupatindra malla ko pillar patan ko le choteko vancha... 🤔🤔🤔

@prabesh708 7 күн бұрын

still open for further research .. history purai clear hudaina sabai thau ma estai ta ho :D

@Rajasaab153 7 күн бұрын

Yo Dubai Kura Buddhist Virasat ho tesai le historian haru le janta ma bram sirjana failai diyeko ho.. tini Fatha lai Bram failauda Afu khelna Sajilo huncha bhanne tha cha..

@ashisholee5767 6 күн бұрын

Sabai lea learn j gareko tehi sochxa ra ultimate truth uniharu ko lagi tehi ho,its about mindset tara if you see any prof then its up to you in which narrative you wanna go for😊

@prabinprajapati787 6 күн бұрын

Tyai vaneko 🤔

@szpradhan6572 6 күн бұрын

Rohit Ji is from Bhaktapur for your information. He is a conservation architect. A very good one. He is not a historian! So his history knowledge is poor or inaccurate. Lalitpur or Yala was certainly not the oldest city of the three major cities! The oldest URBAN settlements were Handigaon in KTM and Bhaktapur. Those were the beginnings of urban settlements that developed into centres of political power and governance. Lalitpur only developed as a major city after the Kathmandu Malla king divided the kingdom for his two sons and thus two brotherly states started. Bhaktapur was far to the east and remained as it was. Yala was or could have been named after Yalamabar the Kirat chieftain who held sway in the beginning. But no city state or urban centre was ever built by him in Lalitpur. There could have been rural settlements then but certainly not a city state. There are no archeological evidences. The urban history of Nepal Valley started only after the advent of the Lichhavi and Malla from the South. Of course their progeny and their culture and architecture later on became synonymous with the Nepal Valley or Nepami or the Newa culture or civilization. At the same time those original inhabitants also became imbibed along with the new arrivals and became what is known as the Newa community. FYI even before the Kirats settled in Nepal Valley, the Gopalas and Mahishpals had settled here and they too have been absorbed and imbibed into the Newa or Nepa civilization.

@hamrochannel1029 7 күн бұрын

Who comment worest agaist kirat see it😂 early video

@SandeshKushwaha-tl2fd 6 күн бұрын

Chapter X: Rais and Limbus: Refugees from Sichuan Who Fabricated Connections with the Kirat Dynasty The historical journey of the Rais and Limbus begins in Sichuan province, China. During the Mongol conquests, significant upheaval forced many communities to flee their homeland. The Rais and Limbus migrated from Sichuan to northern Tibet, and eventually, by the 17th century, they settled in eastern Nepal. Seeking refuge from the conflicts and instability of their original regions, they found protection and land from the Sen kings of Nepal and the Bhutia Chogyals of Sikkim. Genetic and Cultural Evidence Genetic studies provide compelling evidence of the origins of the Rais and Limbus. These studies show a significant proportion of Mongolian and northern Chinese DNA in these communities, distinguishing them from other Tibeto-Burman groups in the Indian subcontinent. Their cultural practices, languages, and traditions also bear closer resemblance to those found in northern China and Mongolia, rather than the indigenous cultures of eastern Nepal. The Historical Dominance of Lepcha, Bhutia, Newar, and Khas Arya Before the arrival of the Rais and Limbus, the regions of eastern Nepal and Sikkim were dominated by various other ethnic groups. The Lepchas and Bhutias were prominent in Sikkim, with the Bhutia Chogyals ruling the kingdom for centuries. In Nepal, the Newars and Khas Aryas held significant influence, with the Khas Malla kingdom and the Sen Thakuri dynasty leaving behind numerous forts, palaces, and inscriptions. These groups had established rich cultural and political traditions long before the arrival of the Rais and Limbus. Fabrication of Kirat Connections While the Kirat dynasty did exist, the Rais and Limbus have no substantial archaeological or historical evidence linking them to this ancient lineage. Instead, they fabricated connections with the Kirats to claim indigenous status in the region. Prominent Limbu historian Iman Singh Chemjong played a crucial role in this fabrication by promoting the idea of a unified Kirat heritage that included the Rais and Limbus. This narrative, however, often overshadowed the histories of the Lepcha, Bhutia, Newar, and Khas Arya peoples. Chemjong's writings and the political mobilization around the Kirat identity contributed to the marginalization of other ethnic histories. Historical texts and educational curricula began to emphasize the Kirat narrative at the expense of the established histories of the Lepcha and Bhutia in Sikkim, and the Newar and Khas Arya in Nepal. The emphasis on Kirat identity, bolstered by Chemjong's work, led to a rewriting of regional history that minimized the contributions and legacies of these other groups. The Lack of Archaeological Evidence for Kirat Dominance by Rais and Limbus One of the significant criticisms of the Rais and Limbus' claimed Kirat identity is the absence of archaeological evidence supporting their long-term dominance in eastern Nepal. Unlike the tangible remnants of the Sen Thakuri and Khas Malla kingdoms, such as forts, palaces, and inscriptions, there are no comparable archaeological sites attributed to a Kirat civilization connected to the Rais and Limbus. This lack of evidence raises questions about the historical accuracy of their claimed Kirat lineage as an ancient and indigenous connection in the region. Erasure of Indigenous Histories The arrival and subsequent integration of the Rais and Limbus into Nepal and Sikkim had profound implications for the historical narratives of the region. The promotion of the Kirat identity, particularly by figures like Iman Singh Chemjong, has contributed to the erasure of other ethnic histories. Historical texts and educational curricula began to emphasize the fabricated Kirat narrative, often at the expense of the established histories of the Lepcha, Bhutia, Newar, and Khas Arya peoples.

@reeyaz5803 4 күн бұрын

yo pratik lai fire handey huncha kei aunna laddu lai

@rohitchand108 6 күн бұрын

Photo haru rakhya khai ta 😂

@SandeshKushwaha-tl2fd 6 күн бұрын

Chapter X: Rais and Limbus: Refugees from Sichuan Who Fabricated Connections with the Kirat Dynasty The historical journey of the Rais and Limbus begins in Sichuan province, China. During the Mongol conquests, significant upheaval forced many communities to flee their homeland. The Rais and Limbus migrated from Sichuan to northern Tibet, and eventually, by the 17th century, they settled in eastern Nepal. Seeking refuge from the conflicts and instability of their original regions, they found protection and land from the Sen kings of Nepal and the Bhutia Chogyals of Sikkim. Genetic and Cultural Evidence Genetic studies provide compelling evidence of the origins of the Rais and Limbus. These studies show a significant proportion of Mongolian and northern Chinese DNA in these communities, distinguishing them from other Tibeto-Burman groups in the Indian subcontinent. Their cultural practices, languages, and traditions also bear closer resemblance to those found in northern China and Mongolia, rather than the indigenous cultures of eastern Nepal. The Historical Dominance of Lepcha, Bhutia, Newar, and Khas Arya Before the arrival of the Rais and Limbus, the regions of eastern Nepal and Sikkim were dominated by various other ethnic groups. The Lepchas and Bhutias were prominent in Sikkim, with the Bhutia Chogyals ruling the kingdom for centuries. In Nepal, the Newars and Khas Aryas held significant influence, with the Khas Malla kingdom and the Sen Thakuri dynasty leaving behind numerous forts, palaces, and inscriptions. These groups had established rich cultural and political traditions long before the arrival of the Rais and Limbus. Fabrication of Kirat Connections While the Kirat dynasty did exist, the Rais and Limbus have no substantial archaeological or historical evidence linking them to this ancient lineage. Instead, they fabricated connections with the Kirats to claim indigenous status in the region. Prominent Limbu historian Iman Singh Chemjong played a crucial role in this fabrication by promoting the idea of a unified Kirat heritage that included the Rais and Limbus. This narrative, however, often overshadowed the histories of the Lepcha, Bhutia, Newar, and Khas Arya peoples. Chemjong's writings and the political mobilization around the Kirat identity contributed to the marginalization of other ethnic histories. Historical texts and educational curricula began to emphasize the Kirat narrative at the expense of the established histories of the Lepcha and Bhutia in Sikkim, and the Newar and Khas Arya in Nepal. The emphasis on Kirat identity, bolstered by Chemjong's work, led to a rewriting of regional history that minimized the contributions and legacies of these other groups. The Lack of Archaeological Evidence for Kirat Dominance by Rais and Limbus One of the significant criticisms of the Rais and Limbus' claimed Kirat identity is the absence of archaeological evidence supporting their long-term dominance in eastern Nepal. Unlike the tangible remnants of the Sen Thakuri and Khas Malla kingdoms, such as forts, palaces, and inscriptions, there are no comparable archaeological sites attributed to a Kirat civilization connected to the Rais and Limbus. This lack of evidence raises questions about the historical accuracy of their claimed Kirat lineage as an ancient and indigenous connection in the region. Erasure of Indigenous Histories The arrival and subsequent integration of the Rais and Limbus into Nepal and Sikkim had profound implications for the historical narratives of the region. The promotion of the Kirat identity, particularly by figures like Iman Singh Chemjong, has contributed to the erasure of other ethnic histories. Historical texts and educational curricula began to emphasize the fabricated Kirat narrative, often at the expense of the established histories of the Lepcha, Bhutia, Newar, and Khas Arya peoples.

@kamalmaharjan4589 6 күн бұрын

Please also invite Dr. Sudharshan Raj Tiwari in your coming episodes.

@SandeshKushwaha-tl2fd 6 күн бұрын

Chapter X: Rais and Limbus: Refugees from Sichuan Who Fabricated Connections with the Kirat Dynasty The historical journey of the Rais and Limbus begins in Sichuan province, China. During the Mongol conquests, significant upheaval forced many communities to flee their homeland. The Rais and Limbus migrated from Sichuan to northern Tibet, and eventually, by the 17th century, they settled in eastern Nepal. Seeking refuge from the conflicts and instability of their original regions, they found protection and land from the Sen kings of Nepal and the Bhutia Chogyals of Sikkim. Genetic and Cultural Evidence Genetic studies provide compelling evidence of the origins of the Rais and Limbus. These studies show a significant proportion of Mongolian and northern Chinese DNA in these communities, distinguishing them from other Tibeto-Burman groups in the Indian subcontinent. Their cultural practices, languages, and traditions also bear closer resemblance to those found in northern China and Mongolia, rather than the indigenous cultures of eastern Nepal. The Historical Dominance of Lepcha, Bhutia, Newar, and Khas Arya Before the arrival of the Rais and Limbus, the regions of eastern Nepal and Sikkim were dominated by various other ethnic groups. The Lepchas and Bhutias were prominent in Sikkim, with the Bhutia Chogyals ruling the kingdom for centuries. In Nepal, the Newars and Khas Aryas held significant influence, with the Khas Malla kingdom and the Sen Thakuri dynasty leaving behind numerous forts, palaces, and inscriptions. These groups had established rich cultural and political traditions long before the arrival of the Rais and Limbus. Fabrication of Kirat Connections While the Kirat dynasty did exist, the Rais and Limbus have no substantial archaeological or historical evidence linking them to this ancient lineage. Instead, they fabricated connections with the Kirats to claim indigenous status in the region. Prominent Limbu historian Iman Singh Chemjong played a crucial role in this fabrication by promoting the idea of a unified Kirat heritage that included the Rais and Limbus. This narrative, however, often overshadowed the histories of the Lepcha, Bhutia, Newar, and Khas Arya peoples. Chemjong's writings and the political mobilization around the Kirat identity contributed to the marginalization of other ethnic histories. Historical texts and educational curricula began to emphasize the Kirat narrative at the expense of the established histories of the Lepcha and Bhutia in Sikkim, and the Newar and Khas Arya in Nepal. The emphasis on Kirat identity, bolstered by Chemjong's work, led to a rewriting of regional history that minimized the contributions and legacies of these other groups. The Lack of Archaeological Evidence for Kirat Dominance by Rais and Limbus One of the significant criticisms of the Rais and Limbus' claimed Kirat identity is the absence of archaeological evidence supporting their long-term dominance in eastern Nepal. Unlike the tangible remnants of the Sen Thakuri and Khas Malla kingdoms, such as forts, palaces, and inscriptions, there are no comparable archaeological sites attributed to a Kirat civilization connected to the Rais and Limbus. This lack of evidence raises questions about the historical accuracy of their claimed Kirat lineage as an ancient and indigenous connection in the region. Erasure of Indigenous Histories The arrival and subsequent integration of the Rais and Limbus into Nepal and Sikkim had profound implications for the historical narratives of the region. The promotion of the Kirat identity, particularly by figures like Iman Singh Chemjong, has contributed to the erasure of other ethnic histories. Historical texts and educational curricula began to emphasize the fabricated Kirat narrative, often at the expense of the established histories of the Lepcha, Bhutia, Newar, and Khas Arya peoples.

@Rajasaab153 5 күн бұрын

Adibasi haru ko history Euta India bata ayeko Aryan le sikauni???? 75% ta Propoganda history matra sunaucha.. Adibasi bidwan haru bata sunnu nai uchit huncha…

@dhanbirrai5931 7 күн бұрын

प्रोग्राम एक दमै धेरै थोरै मिठो हुनुपर्छ

@SandeshKushwaha-tl2fd 6 күн бұрын

Chapter X: Rais and Limbus: Refugees from Sichuan Who Fabricated Connections with the Kirat Dynasty The historical journey of the Rais and Limbus begins in Sichuan province, China. During the Mongol conquests, significant upheaval forced many communities to flee their homeland. The Rais and Limbus migrated from Sichuan to northern Tibet, and eventually, by the 17th century, they settled in eastern Nepal. Seeking refuge from the conflicts and instability of their original regions, they found protection and land from the Sen kings of Nepal and the Bhutia Chogyals of Sikkim. Genetic and Cultural Evidence Genetic studies provide compelling evidence of the origins of the Rais and Limbus. These studies show a significant proportion of Mongolian and northern Chinese DNA in these communities, distinguishing them from other Tibeto-Burman groups in the Indian subcontinent. Their cultural practices, languages, and traditions also bear closer resemblance to those found in northern China and Mongolia, rather than the indigenous cultures of eastern Nepal. The Historical Dominance of Lepcha, Bhutia, Newar, and Khas Arya Before the arrival of the Rais and Limbus, the regions of eastern Nepal and Sikkim were dominated by various other ethnic groups. The Lepchas and Bhutias were prominent in Sikkim, with the Bhutia Chogyals ruling the kingdom for centuries. In Nepal, the Newars and Khas Aryas held significant influence, with the Khas Malla kingdom and the Sen Thakuri dynasty leaving behind numerous forts, palaces, and inscriptions. These groups had established rich cultural and political traditions long before the arrival of the Rais and Limbus. Fabrication of Kirat Connections While the Kirat dynasty did exist, the Rais and Limbus have no substantial archaeological or historical evidence linking them to this ancient lineage. Instead, they fabricated connections with the Kirats to claim indigenous status in the region. Prominent Limbu historian Iman Singh Chemjong played a crucial role in this fabrication by promoting the idea of a unified Kirat heritage that included the Rais and Limbus. This narrative, however, often overshadowed the histories of the Lepcha, Bhutia, Newar, and Khas Arya peoples. Chemjong's writings and the political mobilization around the Kirat identity contributed to the marginalization of other ethnic histories. Historical texts and educational curricula began to emphasize the Kirat narrative at the expense of the established histories of the Lepcha and Bhutia in Sikkim, and the Newar and Khas Arya in Nepal. The emphasis on Kirat identity, bolstered by Chemjong's work, led to a rewriting of regional history that minimized the contributions and legacies of these other groups. The Lack of Archaeological Evidence for Kirat Dominance by Rais and Limbus One of the significant criticisms of the Rais and Limbus' claimed Kirat identity is the absence of archaeological evidence supporting their long-term dominance in eastern Nepal. Unlike the tangible remnants of the Sen Thakuri and Khas Malla kingdoms, such as forts, palaces, and inscriptions, there are no comparable archaeological sites attributed to a Kirat civilization connected to the Rais and Limbus. This lack of evidence raises questions about the historical accuracy of their claimed Kirat lineage as an ancient and indigenous connection in the region. Erasure of Indigenous Histories The arrival and subsequent integration of the Rais and Limbus into Nepal and Sikkim had profound implications for the historical narratives of the region. The promotion of the Kirat identity, particularly by figures like Iman Singh Chemjong, has contributed to the erasure of other ethnic histories. Historical texts and educational curricula began to emphasize the fabricated Kirat narrative, often at the expense of the established histories of the Lepcha, Bhutia, Newar, and Khas Arya peoples.

@sarthakaganja8466 5 күн бұрын

With due respect sir ,tapai Historical aspect ma dherai kamjor hunuhuncha

@Rajasaab153 7 күн бұрын

Krishna Mandir name ek propoganda ho. Hindukaran Gariyeko ho.. Krishna Mandir ek Buddha ko Stupa ho.. Raja le Darbar chai Buddhist Kala saili ma banacha ani mandir chai Hindu ko banau cha ??? Malla haru India bata bistapit hunu agi dekhi nai Kattar Buddhist tiye Jasko Karan Hindu attack ma parera Npl auna badya bayeko tiyo.. Krishna Mandir bhitra Mahabharat ra Ramayan ko Kala cha bhaniyeko cha Jun Buddhist Jatak ko katha ko ( ghat Ramayan ra ghat Mahabharat ho) ho.. 2nd Floor ma Stupa haru cha bhanchan Jun Buddha ko ho ( not Siva linga) .. 3rd Floor ma Avalokeswora cha . ( Avalokeswor is 100% Buddhist Bodi Satav) .. Mandir ko Sidi ma Buddhist pratik haru chan.. ( world ko kunai pani Hindu Krishna Mandir ma testo chaina..) Mandir ko Architecture Sikhar saili ko cha Jun Buddha stupa ko technology ho.. Myth chai : Raja le Sapana ma Krishna Radha dekheko le Krishna Mandir banako re.( Jasko tyo mandir sanga kunai facts mildaina).. India , Nepal ma Jaba Buddhist mandir haru kabja garda Hindu le yestai katha ( fake Puran) banauni Chalan cha. All Archological and Scientific facts Sabai kura le Krishna mandir Hindu Hoina … 100000% Buddhist Virasat ho.. Buddhist mandir nai ho.. yo pachi Hindukaran gariyeko ho.. Tajub chai ke lagcha bhane : Newar haru nai Real history tha chaina ya bhanna chadaina… Sab Buddha kai ho..

@user-lx1oe9rd3q 7 күн бұрын

Mero Ghar KO toilet poni buddha ho

@user-lx1oe9rd3q 7 күн бұрын

Rip buddha

@user-lx1oe9rd3q 7 күн бұрын

TW Muji Chinese nasika dherai

@user-lx1oe9rd3q 7 күн бұрын

Lumbini Hindu KO ho

@user-lx1oe9rd3q 7 күн бұрын

America KO statue poni Buddha KO ho