What it Takes to Image a Black Hole

What does it take to capture an image of the black hole at the centre of our galaxy? This video explains how the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) works, and how astronomers managed to create one massive Earth-sized telescope big enough to “see” at the edge of black holes.
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Credit:
ESO
Directed by: Martin Wallner and Herbert Zodet.
Editing: Herbert Zodet and Martin Wallner.
Web and technical support: Gurvan Bazin and Raquel Yumi Shida.
Written by: Martin Wallner, Giulio Mazzolo and Bárbara Ferreira.
Narration: Colin Griffiths-Brown.
Music: Stellardrone - Ethereal/Open Cluster and Azul Cobalto.
Footage and photos: ESO, EHT Collaboration, ALMA (ESO/NAOJ/NRAO), L. Calçada, M. Kornmesser, Nick Risinger (skysurvey.org), Digitized Sky Survey 2, VISTA, VVV Survey/D. Minniti DSS, Nogueras-Lara et al., Schoedel, NACO, GRAVITY Collaboration,NASA, ESA/Hubble, RadioAstron, De Gasperin et al., Kim et al., mediomix, IRAM/Diverticimes/Cinedia, Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy, BlackHoleCam/Radboud University/JordyDavelaar et al./Cristian Afker/Cafker Productions, M. Moscibrodzka, Glen Petitpas/SMA, H. Zodet, C. Malin (christophmalin.com), LMT/INAOE Archive, Thalia Traianou (Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy), Space Engine (spaceengine.org), William Montgomerie/JCMT/EAO, Robert Schwarz (www.antarctic-adventures.de), Nicolle R. Fuller/NSF, SMT/University of Arizona by Bob Demers /©2019 Arizona Board of Regents, Junhan Kim (Department of Astronomy and Steward Observatory, University of Arizona) and B. Tafreshi (twanight.org).
Scientific consultant: Paola Amico.

[@ptonpc]

Amazing to see this. It is always stunning to see what humanity can do with it works together.

[@matgeezer2094]

Just did a few sums. Photographing the Super Massive Black Hole at the centre of the Milky-way, is equivalent to photographing an object 1cm across at a distance of 28,000 km (approximately). Pretty amazing eh!

[@srinitaaigaura]

Or reading the print on a baseball placed on the moon!

[@aliabedi9495]

ممنون

[@masina9447]

I think the bigger shock to most people is diffraction. Forget 28000km, and just go 1% of that (still well into space). Now using a perfect lens with a diameter of ten meters (33ft!) on your camera, you still can't resolve 1cm!

[@wk8219]

Although Sagittarius A* was discovered in 1974 I remember seeing a documentary about its discovery in the early 2000s. It totally blew me away and I’ve probably watched that documentary nearly a half a dozen times since. Back then it never occurred to me that we would get a picture of the accretion disk, at least not in my lifetime. Truly an amazing achievement by us humans.

[@S4tanaeSum13]

What was the documentary called?

[@wk8219]

@@S4tanaeSum13 That's good question. Now that I'm actually looking for it and not just running across it by chance, all I can find are more modern documentaries. If I can it again I'll do my best to let you know.

[@pradeenkrishnag2368]

Very well done. Thanks and regards to the whole scientific community worked behind this. We need more discoveries.

[@ccchhhrrriiisss100]

Well done! Good stuff, ESO!

[@smbhquasar1527]

congrats to all the team!

[@carterscustomrods]

Excellent narration father.

[@JustinViola]

stunning.

[@RicDiOlive]

That's AMAZIN. Thank You ESA/EHT

[@bofflineflipbooks2577]

Amazing. Great.

[@auctifer0]

This was truly spectacular, so proud to be alive and see science-fiction becoming reality!

[@mrrn100]

Words fail to reproduce such beauty.

[@inugget2557]

Amazing

[@manuelreynoso8297]

great!!!

Grande, impresionante logro y un orgullo para todos los Europeos y Latinoamericanos que han hecho posible este proyecto

[@fridayray8891]

awesome on a scale hard to measure 👏🏻 👌🏼 ...maybe, they can help the sls program?

[@criminal2482]

That’s Great!!I can’t believe I lived and saw that!

[@user-np5lc7gf3h]

What happend please! Can you told me I can't speak English well

[@user-fd8ve6cq5w]

@@user-np5lc7gf3h اول صورة بالتاريخ للثقب الاسود في مركز مجرتنا مجرة درب التبانه

[@user-np5lc7gf3h]

@@user-fd8ve6cq5w Thx bro

[@user-fd8ve6cq5w]

@@user-np5lc7gf3h your welcome

[@deanweaver4469]

Awesome!!!!!!

[@KeepCalmandLoveClassics]

Respect from Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology , WB India 🇮🇳

[@thierryjacoulet8038]

many thanks to whole teams..... and now we are waiting for the rest which will be better

[@Tinovantatre]

WOW

[@pawanjinger747]

just wow

[@thomasrae9730]

As there are actual matter black holes. Shouldn't there be Dark Matter Black Holes aswell. Or does Dark Energy have an effect if and when Dark Matter attempts to collapse in on itself as ordinary matter does? Good video to. I've got the Sagittarius a star t shirt.

[@mariadaluzmoutinho5701]

Tanto trabalho para os cientistas para encontrar o M87 e tínhamos um aqui um mais perto na nossa galáxia?! Esperamos que fique longe e não venha engolir a Terra...A ciência e a tecnologia descobriram este ...mas será que há mais?! Vídeo impressionante e de espanto!!

[@kaigaku9094]

O sagitario A ta a mais de 26 mil anos luz de distância (cada ano luz tem 9 trilhões de quilômetros) e ele é o quasar de nossa galaxia

[@Fghjk-hs9zd]

Love the video, salute to those who made it for us to see the center of our galaxy ❤️❤️❤️, the funny thing for me is the image is like a very very old pic you search in google 😆

[@el_benja]

Cuando te das cuenta que el agujero negro de M86 contiene varias veces el sistema solar solo en su horizonte de eventos, y Sgt A* es solo del tamaño de la órbita de mercurio…

[@Che9009]

Just like satellites, what it there were multiple radio telescopes in orbit, to get better images.

[@sergiovargas5284]

Oh wow

[@xoan3330]

Anyone around here had visited the ESO at München? I am living in a town placed 3 hours from there and I'd love to go visit it. Is it worth visiting it?

[@renoldsnumber6569]

will the astronomers capture image for star falling into black hole

[@UrNewStepdad91]

She's absolutely beautiful. Thank you for this ESO.

[@ob1keno227]

Astonishing what humankind can achieve...

[@srinitaaigaura]

The released images are actually averaged out stacked images of many individual images put together. And those images are even more interesting to look at as you can actually see how the radio waves change over time.

[@MARTUNIX]

insane

[@morganjeffreymorgan]

All it takes is conjecture built off conjecture

[@ninjalittie6191]

OMG!!!!!!

[@aliabedi9495]

بله اطلاع دارم

[@DeusVultIntensifies]

It takes a lot of CGI

[@theendlessvoid7124]

Well, you're not wrong. It takes some beefy computers to turn all of the data into good images.

[@MARIAREY5]

Amazing how humans are capable of the most daring accomplishments yet we can be as animalistic as the most vicious animals this should be in every tiktok or snap or Instagram but not that is a place for the celebrities that only gift to this world is just more stupidity

[@ukaszwieczorek1621]

I am very grateful that can and are sure it is a black hole image. Don't want to spoil the success but the pixel collage is still so shitty to that there is not much pleasure from it and evertone want to see it in more details.

[@rigoperez9929]

howaaaoooo😮😮

[@SpressoHead]

I would use a black & white camera . . . 🤣

[@Scratwz]

TROPA DO GORDÃO, GORDÃO TREM BALA

[@tomstamford6837]

But isn't this image made with data from radio telescopes? So it technically isn't an image as what we would define an image to be, as seen in visible light with our eyes. Like an image from Chandra which only measures X-rays, this image only shows the intensity of radio emissions an is not what we would see. I still appreciate the complexity of creating this, but in calling it an image is a misnomer.

[@Fylnnn]

The camera itself can captured an infrared, but they display it on visible spectrum for us

[@tomstamford6837]

@@Fylnnn Yeah, I know. But the point I want to make is that there is a rush to label this an image of a black hole and for certain EM frequencies it is, but an image in the common sense of the word, as in a visible image, it won't be. It is similar to when sounds are recorded that are either too high or low for the human ear and the frequency is altered for us to hear, but of course, we can't hear it. This frequency shift might make sense to us, but it isn't realistic as we can't hear the frequency range that was recorded. I'm not taking anything away from the achievement and perhaps the media is hyping it out of proportion, but I think the fact that this is not as we would see a black hole were we in a position to observe it directly is forgotten.

[@viktorbjorkman5632]

@@tomstamford6837 Image has a broad number of meanings. The borrowed term image meant "a copy" back in the old days. Today it could mean a representation of a real picture or graphic, a mental picture of something not real, and a lot of other things. You probably think of a photograph which is a picture created by projecting an image on a photosensitive surface. Photosensitivity does not only include visible light, so you could even say photographs were taken of the black hole. Then they were edited together in post to make an image.

[@tomstamford6837]

@@viktorbjorkman5632 The main point I want to make is that, okay the media mostly, touting this as an image as in "what you would see if you looked at it with your eyes" when it is just an interpretation. An interpretation of radio frequencies. OK, call it an image, but there is a misconception it is a visual image and it should be made clear it is not a visual image in the sense of a 'picture' of a black hole. And yes it is a picture of sorts, but that's the whole semantics game that goes round and round.

[@srinitaaigaura]

Even Radar can take pictures now. Just see the F-35 simulator and its SAR radio maps.

[@dobrakdam7050]

A.Q.M.E, PRESENTE

[@josuevalbuena4614]

pongale agua y verán un telescopio nunca antes visto

[@SvetlanaToroKhara]

Increibles investigaciones! La humanidad para evolucionar deberia dedicarse mejor a la siencia en vez de guerrear y acumular riquezas con eso!

[@yedukrishnan_yk4825]

🤩🤩

[@Mastercrack_GS]

Guau, pero si todo los paises de todos los continentes tuvieran telescopios tan potentes como el ALMA o el APEX, podríamos ver una imagen "supernitida" del agujero negro.

[@brunotsamp3526]

😍😍

[@tonzagt6657]

NGC 8550 BLACK HOLE MASS 50,000,000,000 SOLAR MASSES

[@tonzagt6657]

SOLAR SYSTEM INTO THE NGC 8550 BLACK HOLE

[@LanzHG]

Sou o único BR aqui ? kkk

[@EWWFFIX7753]

Black holes are not real, what are actually there are plasmoids. Check out the Electric Universe and the Thunderbolts Project.

[@jimsagubigula7337]

Another conspiracy nut

[@EWWFFIX7753]

@@jimsagubigula7337 Piss off, who said anything about a “conspiracy”? Why don’t you actually watch the Thunderbolts videos or read the books about it?

[@jimsagubigula7337]

@@EWWFFIX7753 No, I am not a conspiracy nut

[@EWWFFIX7753]

@@jimsagubigula7337 Do you even know what the Thunderbolts Project and Electric Universe actually is?

[@EWWFFIX7753]

@@jimsagubigula7337 Sounds like you just don’t want to see a different more sensical view of the universe.

[@user-fd5rg4ce9n]

ระบบ รักษา ความปลอดภัย ชั้น บรรยากาศเสียหาย ด้วยดาวเทียม

[@EricMalette]

No offense ESO, but where is your female narrator? She is the voice of ESO. I miss her.

[@ashleygordon7457]

What I think. That the black hole is like a powerful wind turning. In space. And what go,s in there. Come s out the other side wicth I think is true. It can allso. So it turn s fast. Round and round. And. If you put a car in there it will brake and the left overs will. Come out the others side.

[@mikel4879]

There are no Black Holes anywhere in the Universe, at any scale micro and macro. The MAIN dynamical phenomenon in the Universe is repulsive and never attractive. The so-called attractive "gravitation" doesn't exist. All the movement in the Universe takes place by the natural universal dynamics of "everything" pushing in "everything", from micro-direction to macro-direction. That's what creates the reactive phenomenon seen as "attractive", the temporary, reversed, local, entropic phenomena like material aggregations, biological life, etc.

[@aliabedi9495]

الان ج میز دپ به کجا رسیده

[@tonzagt6657]

THU SUN 334,000 TERRA MASSES

[@ada7180]

It takes photoshop

[@bored2906]

Thong

[@awgkupgrnmdrizal]

(Slam cahaya dari saya syg kamu mnjga saya.. )

[@goemon9378]

When can they image Jesus in heaven tho

[@muhammadkhairulizat]

Islam Creation Story Passages relating to creation occur in the Qur'an is different places, such as: "Verily in the heavens and the earth are signs for those who believe. And in the creation of yourselves, and the fact that animals are scattered (through the earth), are signs for those of assured faith. And in the alternation of night and day, and that fact that Allah sends down sustenance from the sky, and revives therewith the earth after its death, and in the change of the winds, are signs for those who are wise" (45:3-5). Big Bang? The Qur'an says that "the heavens and the earth were joined together as one unit, before We clove them asunder" (21:30). Following this big explosion, Allah "turned to the sky, and it had been (as) smoke. He said to it and to the earth: 'Come together, willingly or unwillingly.' They said: 'We come (together) in willing obedience'" (41:11). Thus the elements and what was to become the planets and stars began to cool, come together, and form into shape, following the natural laws that Allah established in the universe. The Qur'an further states that Allah created the sun, the moon, and the planets, each with their own individual courses or orbits. "It is He Who created the night and the day, and the sun and the moon; all (the celestial bodies) swim along, each in its rounded course" (21:33). Expansion of Universe "The heavens, We have built them with power. And verily, We are expanding it" (51:47). There has been some historical debate among Muslim scholars about the precise meaning of this verse, since knowledge of the universe's expansion was only recently discovered. Six Days? The Qur'an states that "Allah created the heavens and the earth, and all that is between them, in six days" (7:54). While on the surface this might seem similar to the account related in the Bible, there are some important distinctions. The verses that mention "six days" use the Arabic word "youm" (day). This word appears several other times in the Qur'an, each denoting a different measurement of time. In one case, the measure of a day is equated with 50,000 years (70:4), whereas another verse states that "a day in the sight of your Lord is like 1,000 years of your reckoning" (22:47). The word "youm" is thus understood, within the Qur'an, to be a long period of time -- an era or eon. Therefore, Muslims interpret the description of a "six day" creation as six distinct periods or eons. The length of these periods is not precisely defined, nor are the specific developments that took place during each period. After completing the Creation, the Qur'an describes that Allah "settled Himself upon the Throne" (57:4) to oversee His work. A distinct point is made to counter the Biblical idea of a day of rest: "We created the heavens and the earth and all that is between them in six days, nor did any sense of weariness touch Us" (50:38). Allah is never "done" with His work, because the process of creation is ongoing. Each new child who is born, every seed that sprouts into a sapling, every new species that appears on earth, is part of the ongoing process of Allah's creation. "He it is Who created the heavens and the earth in six days, then established Himself on the Throne. He knows what enters within the heart of the earth, and what comes forth out of it, what comes down from heaven, and what mounts up to it. And He is with you wherever you may be. And Allah sees well all that you do" (57:4). The Qur'anic account of creation is in line with modern scientific thought about the development of the universe and life on earth. Muslims acknowledge that life developed over a long period of time, but see Allah's power behind it all. Descriptions of creation in the Qur'an are set in context to remind the readers of Allah's majesty and wisdom. "What is the matter with you, that you are not conscious of Allah's majesty, seeing that it is He Who has created you in diverse stages? See you not how Allah has created the seven heavens one above another, and made the moon a light in their midst, and made the sun as a (glorious) lamp? And Allah has produced you from the earth, growing (gradually)" (71:13-17). Life Came From Water The Qur'an describes that Allah "made from water every living thing" (21:30). Another verse describes how "Allah has created every animal from water. Of them are some that creep on their bellies, some that walk on two legs, and some that walk on four. Allah creates what He wills, for truly Allah has power over all things" (24:45). These verses support the scientific theory that life began in the Earth's oceans. Creation of Adam & Eve While Islam recognizes the general idea of the development of life in stages, over a period of time, human beings are considered as a special act of creation. Islam teaches that human beings are a unique life form that was created by Allah in a special way, with unique gifts and abilities unlike any other: a soul and conscience, knowledge, and free will. In short, Muslims do not believe that human beings randomly evolved from apes. The life of human beings began with the creation of two people, a male and a female named Adam and Hawwa (Eve). The Qur'an describes how Allah created Adam: "We created man from sounding clay, from mud moulded into shape..." (15:26). And, "He began the creation of man from clay, and made his progeny from a quintessence of fluid" (32:7-8). Thus, human beings have a fundamental attachment to the earth. While the creation of Eve is not described in detail, the Qur'an does make it clear that a "mate" was created with Adam, from the same nature and soul. "It is He Who created you from a single person, and made his mate of like nature, in order that he might dwell with her in love" (7:189). She is not mentioned by name in the Qur'an, but in Islamic tradition she is known as "Hawwa" (Eve). From these two individuals, generations of human beings have inhabited the earth. "Oh humankind! We created you from a single pair of a male and a female, and made you into nations and tribes, so that you may know each other (not that ye may despise each other). Verily the most honored among you in the sight of Allah is the who is the most righteous of you. And Allah has full knowledge and is well acquainted (with all things)" (49:13).

[@muhammadkhairulizat]

When all of us died 🤷‍♂️🤷‍♂️

[@samellarry3353]

Lol

[@BPJJohn]

"Our Black Hole", that totally doesn't sound sus.

[@charlesbrightman4237]

Consider the following: a. Numbers: Modern science does not even know how numbers and certain mathematical constants exist for math to do what math does. (And nobody as of yet has been able to show me how numbers and certain mathematical constants can come from the Standard Model Of Particle Physics). b. Space: Modern science does not even know what 'space' actually is nor how it could actually expand. c. Time: Modern science does not even know what 'time' actually is nor how it could actually vary. d. Gravity: Modern science does not even know what 'gravity' actually is nor how gravity actually does what it appears to do. e. Speed of Light: 'Speed', distance divided by time, distance being two points in space with space between those two points. But yet, here again, modern science does not even know what space and time actually are that makes up 'speed' and they also claim that space can expand and time can vary, so how could they truly know even what the speed of light actually is that they utilize in many of the formulas? Speed of light should also vary depending upon what space and time it was in. And if the speed of light can vary in space and time, how then do far away astronomical observations actually work that are based upon light and the speed of light that could vary in actual reality?

[@SOBIRANIA]

És un camí, una metodologia sotmesa a la replicació, falsació, contrastació. Paradigma, teoria, hipótesi. I passa a passa anem entremig de la ignorància, les preguntes, les possibilitats. Salut.

[@charlesbrightman4237]

@@SOBIRANIA Speak English. Salut.

[@charlesbrightman4237]

@@SOBIRANIA It is a path, a methodology subject to replication, falsification, contrast. Paradigm, theory, hypothesis. And step by step we go through ignorance, questions, possibilities. Health.

[@charlesbrightman4237]

@@SOBIRANIA So, you don't have any views for those specific items in the opening thread?

[@charlesbrightman4237]

NOTE TO SOME RICH ENTITY: Do my gravity test for my TOE idea, and 'if' true, and it does not wipe out this Earth and all on it, then possibly be able to generate artificial gravity, and by turning the unit around, anti-gravity as well. (Otherwise, at least all human life eventually dies and goes extinct from this Earth, currently no exceptions).

[@charlesbrightman4237]

GRAVITY: (copy and paste from my files): Here is the test for the 'gravity' portion of my TOE idea. I do not have the necessary resources to do the test but maybe you or someone else reading this does, will do the test, then tell the world what is found out either way. a. Imagine a 12 hour clock. b. Put a magnetic field across from the 3 to 9 o'clock positions. c. Put an electric field across from the 6 to 12 o'clock positions. (The magnetic field and electric field would be 90 degrees to each other and should be polarized so as to complement each other.) d. Direct a high powered laser through the center of the clock at 90 degrees to the em fields. e. Do this with the em fields on and off. (The em fields could be varied in size, strength, density and depth. The intent would be to energy frequency match the laser and em fields for optimal results, cancelling out the em modalities of the laser, thereby leaving behind the gravity modality.) f. Look for any gravitational / anti-gravitational effects. (Including the utilization of ferro cells so as to be able to actually see the energy field movements.) (And note: if done right, it's possible a mini gravitational black hole might form. Be ready for it. In addition, it's possible a neutrino might be formed before the black hole stage, the neutrino being a substance with a very high gravitational modality with very low 'em' modalities.) (An alternative to the above would be to direct 3 high powered lasers, or a single high powered laser split into 3 beams, each adjustable to achieve the above set up, all focused upon a single point in space.) 'If' effects are noted, 'then' further research could be done. 'If' effects are not noted, 'then' my latest TOE idea is wrong. But still, we would know what 'gravity' was not, which is still something in the scientific world. This test can speak for itself. It will either be true, partly true, or not true at all. It will either show what gravity truly is, might be, or is not. Science still wins either way and moves forward. * And note: Whether my gravity test or another's, a gravitational black hole would have to be formed to prove the concept as being really true. A gravitational black hole that 'if' self fed itself, could literally wipe out this Earth and all on it, possibly this solar system, possibly put a black hole in this section of our galaxy, and potentially even causing a ripple effect in this galaxy and surrounding universe. But hey, if it does, no worries. Nobody would be left to prosecute those who did so. (Possibly famous last words: "Hey, it worked. Ooooppppssss.................) But as NASA has already proven that low gravity conditions over a prolonged period of time is harmful to the human species, and large rotating space ships won't really work for space bases on planets and moons, those space bases probably being needed somewhere along the way out of this solar system and galaxy, we need to figure out what gravity truly is and see if we can generate artificial gravity so as to have smaller space ships and proper gravity conditions for space bases on planets and moons. Otherwise, at least all human life will most probably die and go extinct one day. Currently, no exceptions. ** Added note: Just trying to save at least 1 single species from this Earth to exist beyond this Earth so that life itself from this Earth has continued meaning and purpose to. Gives me something to do while I exist, otherwise, what is it all and everything for? Even if my TOE idea were correct, but if it did not help species survive beyond this Earth, what good would it ultimately be? So, are you feeling lucky? Doing nothing and at least the entire human species eventually dies and goes extinct with a high degree of certainty. Doing a gravity test, (mine and/or another's), and there is at least a slim chance of literally wiping out this entire Earth and all on it, and possibly more. Do you and other's truly want me to prove my TOE idea as being really true? (Since all of life itself is ultimately meaningless in the grand of scheme of things anyway, do the gravity test and see what occurs?)

[@ptonpc]

@@charlesbrightman4237 How to tell the world you don't understand physics without actually saying it. Don't worry, you're not interesting enough for me to comment apart from this.

[@charlesbrightman4237]

@@ptonpc Do my gravity test and then let's talk again. Also, accurately answer these items (I have my views, what are yours if you even have any): (copy and paste from my files): Consider the following: a. Numbers: Modern science does not even know how numbers and certain mathematical constants exist for math to do what math does. (And nobody as of yet has been able to show me how numbers and certain mathematical constants can come from the Standard Model Of Particle Physics). b. Space: Modern science does not even know what 'space' actually is nor how it could actually expand. c. Time: Modern science does not even know what 'time' actually is nor how it could actually vary. d. Gravity: Modern science does not even know what 'gravity' actually is nor how gravity actually does what it appears to do. e. Speed of Light: 'Speed', distance divided by time, distance being two points in space with space between those two points. But yet, here again, modern science does not even know what space and time actually are that makes up 'speed' and they also claim that space can expand and time can vary, so how could they truly know even what the speed of light actually is that they utilize in many of the formulas? Speed of light should also vary depending upon what space and time it was in. And if the speed of light can vary in space and time, how then do far away astronomical observations actually work that are based upon light and the speed of light that could vary in actual reality?

[@charlesbrightman4237]

@@ptonpc 'IF' my latest TOE idea is really true, (and I fully acknowledge the 'if' at this time), that the pulsating, swirling 'gem' photon is the energy unit of this universe that makes up everything in existence in this universe, and what is called 'gravity' is a part of what is currently recognized as the 'em' photon, the 'gravity' modality acting 90 degrees from the 'em' modalities, which act 90 degrees to each other, then the oscillation of these 3 interacting modalities of the energy unit would be as follows: Gravity: Maximum in one direction, Neutral, Maximum in the other direction; Electrical: Maximum in one direction, Neutral, Maximum in the other direction; Magnetic: Maximum in one direction, Neutral, Maximum in the other direction. Then: 1 singular energy unit, with 3 different modalities, with 6 maximum most reactive positions, with 9 total basic reactive positions (neutrals included). Hence 1, 3, 6, 9 being very prominent numbers in this universe and why mathematics even works in this universe. (And possibly '0', zero, as possibly neutrals are against other neutrals, even if only briefly, for no flow of energy, hence the number system that we currently have. This would also be the maximum potential energy point or as some might call it, the 'zero point energy point'.). And also how possibly mathematical constants exist in this universe as well. * Note also: Nobody as of yet has been able to show me how numbers and mathematical constants can exist and do what they do in this universe from the Standard Model of Particle Physics (SMPP). While the SMPP has it's place, I believe we need to move beyond the SMPP to get closer to real reality.

[@charlesbrightman4237]

@@ptonpc FOR ME: 'Space' is energy itself. Wherever space is, energy is. Wherever energy is, space is. They are one and the same thing. And for me, the 'gem' photon is the energy unit of this universe that makes up everything in existence in this universe. 'Space' is most probably energy itself in the form of gravitational fields, electrical fields and magnetic fields, varying possibly only in density and energy frequency. 'Time' is the flow of energy. 'Time' (flow of energy) cannot exist unless 'space' (energy itself) exists. And 'space' (energy itself) that does not flow (no flow of time / energy) is basically useless. An entity cannot even think a thought without a flow of energy. If all the energy in the universe stopped flowing, wouldn't we say that 'time stood still'? Time itself would still exist, it would just not be flowing, (basically 'time' stopped). But then also, how space and time are linked in what is called 'space time', (energy and it's flow). * And everything in existence currently appears to be eternally existent energy interacting with itself.

[@jacqueswebster.]

😍😍