The Roman Empire. Or Republic. Or...Which Was It?: Crash Course World History #10

In which John Green explores exactly when Rome went from being the Roman Republic to the Roman Empire. Here's a hint: it had something to do with Julius Caesar, but maybe less than you think. Find out how Caesar came to rule the empire, what led to him getting stabbed 23 times on the floor of the senate, and what happened in the scramble for power after his assassination. John covers Rome's transition from city-state to dominant force in the Mediterranean in less than 12 minutes. Well, Rome's expansion took hundreds of years, he just explains it in under 12 minutes. The senate, the people, Rome, the caesarian section, the Julian calendar, and our old friend Pompey all make appearances, but NOT the Caesar Salad, as Julius had nothing to do with it.
Chapters:
Introduction: SPQR 00:00
The Roman Republic 0:41
The Roman Senate 1:15
Cincinnatus 2:14
Gaius Julius Caesar 2:49
The First Triumvirate: Pompey, Crassus, and Caesar 3:40
The End of Caesar's Reign 5:22
The Second Triumvirate: Octavian, Mark Antony, and Lepidus 6:26
An Open Letter to the Roman Senate 7:05
Power Struggles in the SPQR 8:07
The Punic Wars 9:47
Credits 11:44
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at / crashcourse
Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - / youtubecrashcourse
Twitter - / thecrashcourse
Instagram - / thecrashcourse
CC Kids: / crashcoursekids

[@oliversime4360]

"Destroyed Netflix in 2 weeks" Oh 2012, how little did you know what was about to happen

[@sogeqt9188]

rip

[@jgullion805]

i know netflix is rich

[@oo-ef3fv]

Lmao

[@ronhitler-barassi2624]

Cool how a video about history is now also a primary source piece of history itself. If the internet and/or KZbin is still around in like 2100 it's totally not unlikely a video like this could be played to a university class somewhere like "look what people 88 years ago thought about the Roman Republic, and Netflix". To the people reading this in 2100: sup I'm high and it's still illegal where I live. I assume all future people 420 blaze it every day. (Confusing the future meme history scholars with an extinct meme...maybe I'll be in a book next century about the last time the 420 blaze it meme was uttered). I feel I need to reiterate that I am very high.

[@neomcdoom]

I looked in the comments as soon as I heard that

[@gurusmurf5921]

"When, if ever, is it OK to stab someone 23 times?" When stabbing them 22 times won't get the job done.

[@overlychaotic]

Hehe😂

[@antimatter162]

👏🏼👏🏼👏🏼Well done

[@nicksifuentes1509]

"How much damage can happen in a year?" Oh 2020, how little did we know you were coming... and it's only halfway over.

[@PurpleCatWithC4]

Any Salad can become a Caesar Salad, if stab it enough times.

[@HVLLOWS1999]

Damn

[@natashaandgacha4064]

LOLOL B)

[@fortniteevents9063]

23 to be exact😂

[@polkadotalien1]

Et tu purplis catis?

[@spicyfishcake8552]

PurpleCatWithC4 23 is fine

[@LarlemMagic]

sources say that instead of "et tu brute", ceaser said "AHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH!!!"

[@Wunel]

Shut up, Boo hates you.

[@quinncowden2711]

Jack Xin I like the AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH Option better

[@orbemsolis]

Wunel you could have just said shut piehole quickly rapscallion or spqr as mentioned in the first 20 secs of the video

[@liwendiamond9223]

The legitimate translation of screaming in agony of being stabbed 23 times is basically : OMG! Why is dying so freaking PAINFUL!!!

[@icecoldbite]

XD

[@MultiKawa123]

listening to John talk about the CEO crashing netflix in 2016 is so weird.

[@FlorenceFox]

+Akio Kawasaki Yeah, my reaction was "Well, that joke became dated quickly."

[@Fulmir-]

Or Chipotle, lol

[@Piterixos]

What was the matter?

[@ottarmretr9327]

+

[@Tobi-hu9mf]

reading this comment in 2017 was so weird.

[@elephantofdoom]

I can explain the baby attached to the leg thing. So the original statue was most likely made of bronze and did not have the baby. Someone liked the statue and wanted a copy of it, but they were too cheap to get one made from bronze, so they had it made from marble. But marble is both heavier and weaker than bronze, so the sculptor had to add something to the legs to give it more support. This is why in museums you see statues of people in athletic poses leaning against trees, usually the bronze originals were melted down centuries ago so we are left with a bunch of marble copies.

[@Boss_Isaac]

+The Elephant of Doom Thank you for the information.

[@a_e_hilton]

Hahahaha watching this 6 years after the video was produced and Netflix is arguably the most successful streaming service in the world

[@loganlay7625]

SAME!!!

[@rhys4668]

oh 2018... the things you have yet to see

[@echin9372]

Actually Netflix has been in debt since their beginning and still have made profit yet

[@tjallingappelhof2055]

@@echin9372 Amazon also took years to make any profit but they have enough money

[@biancaolindo1820]

I by looking at this after 8 years so

[@beminter]

my 9-year-old, at the end of the video: "This was the first episode when he didn't mention the Mongols!"

[@eoincampbell1584]

This episode was the exception.

[@Cnut_the_grape]

Much like...

[@cherrybleach4449]

crazy but who asked

[@cherrybleach4449]

you have a lame kid

[@andybao4842]

@@cherrybleach4449 i think you are the lame one if you reply to a 2 year old comment not getting a joke ;D

[@y0sh188]

That Netflix joke did not age well.

[@emperoraugustus4005]

Emperor "There is a baby attached to my leg" Augustus Quite a catchy name actually

[@Keyz-pz5xy]

Emperor Augustus hey Augustus what's up my man?

[@Saffronlilies]

Two greats

[@azriadzlan2297]

Hows it feel beating Marky?

[@mrbenoit5018]

Emperor Augustus did you actually have 4 trillion bucks?

[@johnmarvel7921]

Hahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahhahahahahahah

[@GoDLiKeKakashi]

If I remember correctly, Octavian never adopted the title of "Emperor" and instead took the title of "First Citizen" as he was very aware of the need to preserve the illusion of the republic. Although he is the first emperor of Rome, Romans themselves didn't consider their state an empire until long after Octavian was gone. Something to consider for us in the modern age too...

[@joycezhang670]

Octavian/Augustus was very careful to never call himself emperor and aggressively used the term "princeps" or "first among equals" (among the senate) throughout his reign. Maybe to avoid Caesar's murderous fate.

[@fionaanthes1363]

A small but significant note: Caesar was not born by caesarian section. It was an operation performed by Romans, but was fatal to the mother in 100% of cases and Caesar's mother lived for many years after his birth. The name 'Caesar' was a family name, and quite possibly did refer to an ancestor that was born by caesarian section (presumably derived from the word 'caesum,' meaning to 'cut out'), but there are other possible root words that could mean the name came from grey eyes, or head of hair, or elephant slaying.

[@campuscryptid3020]

how do you cut apart the Roman Empire? You use a pair of Caesars!

[@MrDURAI12]

@Cici Liu A great joke! I can't stop laughing,with my belly aching!

[@HVLLOWS1999]

HHHHHAAAAA. it was the Republic.

[@minoreror9961]

Pls no

[@oliverrodriguez7470]

Should have said Roman Republic.

[@Deniz-mb2jp]

Cici Liu this will never get enough likes

[@ashleyrossini9450]

I'm a teacher in a community that is primarily ESL and someone gave me a tip that is SO helpful! I love these videos because the thought bubbles help my students visualize concepts, but John talks way too fast for my students struggling with English. A teacher in my master's program showed me that if you click the gear icon you can slow the video down. I put the videos on .75 and add subtitles. My students comprehension of these crash course videos has sky rocketed! Just wanted to share!

[@HQ_Default]

Last year I hated history... Now I'm watching Crash Course just because

[@jim4671]

You deserve it!

[@jonbrandre3006]

Yeah this guy makes it hilarious and fun.

[@brendenwinn8596]

I don't think I'll ever understand why people don't appreciate or enjoy history.

[@mikelangengakala7470]

Me too. Last year history was the class I hated the most. Now I watch history videos online just for fun.

[@blueblubloo7243]

Dude What? For me at least its not that i hate history or learning about it its just that school takes all the fun from it. Social studies was usually the most boring class cause all that would happen is u read a textbook and answered questions. In my own time I really enjoy watching documentaries and educational videos like this. I wish teachers could make it more interactive with discussions about what we are learning. My favorite social studies class was civics because the teacher let us discuss what we were learning as a class. Sadly even that class was filled with what i like to call busy work which made it really boring sometimes.

[@sawahtb]

Caesar did not conquer Britain, he landed, took a look around and left. Britain was not part of the Roman empire until Claudius.

[@Seqtopus]

"Netflix was destroyed in 2 weeks"..... immediately checks year of video

[@TheFarmersFarmington]

"I AM THE SENATE"- Gaius Octavius

[@boosteh]

take a seat, young skywalker

[@sportsfails4998]

What about the droid attack on the Gauls?

[@sportsfails4998]

Evan Lewallen General Kenobi

[@KudiGamer]

N O T Y E T

[@Chris-hp9be]

Letat c’est moi

[@rAgeJbear1]

Quickly plays every crash course on 2x speed and hope some sinks in

[@natashaandgacha4064]

LOLOL

[@estheryang1247]

it requires hyperfocus, in my opinion. john's way too damn funny for me to actually learn something without pausing or going back every five seconds.

[@louvrq1336]

"When is it okay to stab someone 23 times?" Me: "When someone takes my food."

[@DarthNixaNixa]

"Et tu, Brute?" or a variation thereof, is mentioned in Suetonius's book The Twelve Caesars, which was written in A.D. 121, so long before Shakespeare. He may actually have said something like that when he got killed.

[@histguy101]

Of course it's reported that he actually said it in Greek "καὶ σύ, τέκνον" ("You too, child?")

[@evancabralsilva93]

the average person swallows 8 lobsters in their sleep each year

[@anniethai3180]

huh

[@SammyCee23]

wtf

[@overlord165]

He's referring to the myth that people swallow several bugs and spiders during their sleep.

[@khangphan5975]

Filip Žižak what myth?

[@burbanpoison2494]

good thing I'm above average.

[@Vospader21]

Hold on a minute is this the same guy who wrote fault in our stars?

[@NickJohnGuzz]

Haha yes it is

[@monishabhogal]

woaaaaaah i never even realised!

[@rayres1074]

MIND BLOWN

[@DavidRodriguez-ux5ye]

+John Guzzo I thought they had the same name only

[@NickJohnGuzz]

Very much so the same guy. If you watch some of his videos on literature he makes a few references to his own books. Watch his one on The Odyssey

[@Kreuzkruger89]

Caesar did not conquer Britain, he tried to, but was pushed back by the Britains. It was more a desaster than anything else for him. Britain however became a Roman province after the campaigns of Claudius in 44 AD.

[@mengo1234567890]

No one care

[@Kreuzkruger89]

*cares.

[@umidontno040394]

Meng Lean I care

[@TheTrekki33]

He said Invaded not Conquered.

[@AMS97PS3]

Meng Lean Just because you are from an irrelevant part of the world...

[@shaggycan]

One note on the land for retired soldiers. Most soldiers sold their land grant site unseen to wealthy Patricians that then lumped them together into massive slave run farms, which in turn pushed out lower class Roman farmers, this lead to both the rise of the Populares faction, of which Caesar was the last, and the various Slave revolts of which Spartacus is the most famous.

[@nicholasbagnato2497]

Lol, that Netflix reference did no age well

[@mirrormimi]

I had to pause and look at the publication date lmao

[@LaFaveBros]

According to Adrian Goldsworthy's biography on Caesar, "there is not ancient evidence to suggest that Caesar was delivered by Caesarean section, although the procedure was known in the ancient world. In fact, it is extremely unlikely, since the operation was usually fatal to the mother and Aurelia lived on for decades."

[@XRioteerXBoyX]

The Romans won the first Punic War because of the fact that they had learned how to make the same ships as the Carthaginians after finding one that was shipwrecked. The quinquereme ships were massive ships that the Carthaginians had to ram into the the roman fleets. This was why the Carthaginians lost the first Punic war. Carthage was boastful because of it's massive fleets that could sink any ships, but that didn't stop them when Rome started building the same ship and making more of them than Carthage could. They lost by sea and then by land.

[@warriorcatskid003]

I’d like to thank Rick Riordan for everything I know about Ancient Rome, and for the emotional pain Burning Maze caused.

[@markog1999]

John: "Rome had been an empire for years" *Sad Cicero noises*

[@Corristo89]

Rome started out as a monarchy, became a republic and then turned into a quasi-dictatorship with a permanent emperor. Also the title of emperor was passed down, so Rome technically became a monarchy again. Augustus can be considered the first true dictator and never again did the republic attempt a return. The empire was split into east (Constantinople) and west (Rome) in 395 CE in an attempt to make the management of the empire easier. But that didn't really work, since the last Roman emperor was dethroned in 476 CE and "barbarians" essentially controlled Italy and Rome. The Eastern Roman Empire survived until 1453 CE when it was conquered by the Turks, so one could make the argument that antiquity finally ended in 1453 CE.

[@yolandamelgar6994]

thanks a lot :)

[@jamesl.b.8408]

Hi, while I agree with your concise summation of the Roman post-Republic power structure, I would be interested to see whether you share my views (made in a comment from three months ago) regarding the possibility for a continuation of the republican system and other qualms I have with this video's many factual inaccuracies.

[@arcanezenithfulsuperearthling]

why did Constantinople get the works? that's nobody's business but the turks

[@Challenge9000]

I was sure modern history started after the Battle of Hastings in 1066.

[@HaloFTW55]

Heh, "Ottoman Cannons can't breach Byzantine Walls, 1453 was an inside job."

[@enobnala90]

I think I am in the minority of people who watch this for pure enjoyment. I mean, this stuff is like, fantasy/video game/tv show lore, but IRL!

[@hmm2928]

Enob Nala I have exams next week (engg. exams) and I am watching videos on roman empire .....😂

[@materbater5596]

Enob Nala books about Rome are far more interesting than these oversimplified videos.

[@bluestivy9975]

same

[@anikanotis]

"--BUT OH MY GOD AT LEAST YOU DID SOMETHING!" *I feel..personally attacked here.*

[@liviahorowitz2225]

Is anyone else binging Crash Course during quarantine? Just me? Okay. 😞

[@Fearofthemonster]

There is an entire series of documentaries about Rome. Each episode is 40 m long and it is consist of about 10(If I remember correctly) episodes. If you want to learn more watch: Rome: The Rise and Fall of an Empire

[@Stardweller1]

I'd like to make a slight correction: although it's true that Caesar attempted to invade Britain, he never succeeded in conquering it. It was the Emperor claudius who accomplished that, and not until about 100 years later.

[@WScarfaceWars]

When Romans destroyed Chartage they put salt on the ground so that nothing could have ever grown again in that land...

[@histguy101]

Perhaps, but they also rebuilt the city shortly after, and it became the capital of the province for 700 years.

[@firstnamelastname-wb9hg]

Fun fact: Hannibal, surprisingly, was not the first person to use elephants against the Romans. A general named Pyrrrhus( probably miss-spelled) did and barely won, to the point where he might as well have lost. That is where the term Pyrrhic Victory comes from.

[@socceresque16]

When is it okay to stab someone 23 times? For the Watch!

[@jamstr101]

not enough credit for that one

[@bigulful]

+Heather Correll Caaaaaaaaaaaaarl the llama did it

[@socceresque16]

I can't watch The Walking Dead without thinking of those stupid llamas.

[@bigulful]

HAHAHAHAAAAA! You. I like you.

[@renel8964]

Unless, you a zombie

[@kilgoretrout1952]

I feel it worth noting that Caesar was famously merciful. He let off a huge amount of those who opposed him, and was most likely going to show mercy to Pompey as well

[@AlexMcDaniels]

"Destroyed Netflix in two weeks..." 1:50 Well to be fair, they're Historians not Investors so how could the know. That to date Netflix is a humongous enterprise.

[@miguelgabriel5836]

"When Is It Okay To Stab Someone 23 Times?" Me when someone eats my last chicken nugget.

[@Sweetpolie]

Approximately %99.99999999 of my knowledge of Roman history comes from Percy Jackson and John green

[@redpriest1985]

+Allison Grace Bruce Congrats. Just a little FYI, you don't know *anything* about Roman history. gg though.

[@Sweetpolie]

.

[@wyatt735]

Well he a little right actually a lot the book only scratches a little bit and then Bends it for fiction part

[@Malgrid239]

Psssssst.... Percy Jackson is about Greece and Greek mythology not Romans

[@TheVintendo]

+Malgrid239 the Series later incorporates Roman Mythology and thus some history too

[@popalupa4844]

Whenever Rome conquered a nation, they would absorb that nation into their empire. This was true for all other empires except, wait for it... Carthage.

[@Jager-Style]

+FlyingWalrus and a lot of celtic, iberian, germanic, and illyrian tribes

[@Jager-Style]

***** he didnt refer to them as empires at first, and Carthage wasnt an empire either but he still mentioned it

[@bigmark1857]

+FlyingWalrus >into their empire >carthage How stupid are you?

[@sebking7902]

+Lucius Aelius Sejanus I got a good giggle out of this. Thank you.

[@ThatAnnoyingBird]

+FlyingWalrus Except, if you're the Mongolians.

[@thomas-carlosciacca6115]

Been watching you guys for nearly 11 years..... Still rewatch for a night time treat sometimes.

[@jos-ky6jk]

This is my third favorite topic in history, behind the Chinese dynasties (mainly Shang, Zhou, Qin, Han, and Ming) and Egypt

[@principetnomusic]

10:06 SUDDEN UKRAINIAN LANGUAGE OUT OF NOWHERE

[@adamfrisk956]

Imperios Лiл

[@principetnomusic]

Man Crush Азipiв?

[@adamfrisk956]

Imperios Чаво?

[@seyoon9000]

+Imperios google translated but still didn't understand

[@gustavo4passos]

+Imperios hahahaha at least now I know it's ukranian

[@sophieadams3543]

I'd forgotten how much I love Crash Course. You know you have an awesome world history teacher when your assignment for the mock trial includes watching this.

[@calahbutterfly]

Its hard to keep up with this guy.

[@FunnyVideoMaker77]

Rook3v I'm 16, and I keep along fine with him. If English isn't her first language, why is she here? Tons of documentaries and videos on the Roman Empire in almost any major language imaginable

[@calahbutterfly]

FunnyVideoMaker77 I'm not stupid and you're not funny. its not funny to call ppl names or bully online. you never know what that person is going through. low self-esteem, depression, suicidal etc. whatever you're going through in your personal life that makes you come online and say rude things to ppl you don't know at all means there must be an issue. Look into whats the matter. parent problems? low self esteem? perhaps you're being bullied? more attention? talking about it is a step to fixing your dilemma. I'm not offended by what you said to me bc personally idgaf what a stranger's opinion of me is. i can see if we were friends and you playfully called me stupid, i would laugh but idk u. if you do continue this behavior to someone else whos less secure you'd be adding on to their sad day/life. everyone if you want love and not war plz don't call ppl rude things.

[@retardmanidcwoodpecker2903]

not funny

[@retardmanidcwoodpecker2903]

Seriously though, its really not funny, at all.

[@funkisopod]

I agree

[@DrTicklesworth]

crash course: The Secret Elephant Empire

[@mysteryman4664]

illuminati confirmed

[@metallicarequiem2936]

Even speedwagon suggested it

[@Naknak0324]

that would be the BEST lesson XDDD

[@MM-vs2et]

Is this supposed to be a Hellenistic joke?

[@squidward2154]

Speedwagon /

[@christophercole5219]

Gaius Julius Caesar was NOT born by caesarian section but it was an ancestor who was born that way. At that time caesarian section killed the mother every time and GJC's mother was alive while he lived.

[@sarasamaletdin4574]

I can't just watch this video after that, I mean I want to since it was entertaining and some simplificayions beforehand were fine but now I am worried that he is going to say Caesar invented the Caesar salad or something.

[@monicag.k.tambajong]

It was a very common misconception. Even in some of the professors in med school (in my country at least) still believe and teach the wrong idea that Julius Caesar was the first person born through Caesarean Section.

[@RaevLoli]

To be exact the expression "caesarean section" comes from the latin verb "caedere"(which past participle is caesus) which means "to cut", while the name Caesar is apparently linked to an italic root that indicates something holy, like the umbrian "(k)-esono" (divine), or the volscan "(k)-esaristrom" (sacrifice). That's pretty cool to know I think :)

[@corkadorka2362]

did he?

[@emerald4splash]

Caesar is derived from latin word caesaries which means thick hair. He became bold at a quite young age and was called "curly" 'cause even ancient people liked teasing each other

[@PopeLando]

John forgot to mention that Pharoah Ptolemy was 14 years old at the time that Caesar took up with his big sister Cleopatra, and he was played in the 1963 movie Cleopatra by Richard O'Sullivan who would go on ten years later to be the eponymous star of Man About the House which became Three's Company in the USA with the much missed John Ritter in said starring role.

[@mandyg4684]

When it’s all online learning and now u have to watch this 😭😭

[@ergietalks]

Wrong. When you GET to watch this.

[@drabberfrog]

same

[@kayladelacoe603]

yep

[@drabberfrog]

@@kayladelacoe603 indubitably

[@cimpusss6116]

same

[@daniellepetulla6976]

John saying what could happen in a year really makes me nostalgic for the hopefulness and simplicity of 2012

[@sophchattertonmusic]

John, you absolute legend. I have a Roman History essay due in in two days and no real idea of the workings of the Roman Republic. I thought to myself "perhaps the crash course team will save me again," and you bloody well have with this video. Thank you, thank you, thank you.

[@timlamiam]

6:15 "Et tu, Brute?" was Shaespeare, but "καί συ τέχνον;" which is "and you, my son?" in Greek, is in Suetonius.

[@theprinceofdarkness4679]

timlamiam Shakespeare was a master of dramatization. (chuckle, chuckle)

[@johndominicamabile]

+timlamiam Brutus was the son of Ceaser's mistress. It's not likely Brutus was his biologic son (Ceaser was 15 when Brutus was born, it was thought Caeser was not with his mistress at the time). Caeser had still always been close to Brutus, frequently promoting him and granting him favors (he was definitely treated like a stepson). Also it was common for Romans to adopt people across families, so calling him son is not a big stretch.

[@timlamiam]

i'm just quoting and translating suetonius lol.

[@friedkeenan]

Augustus never named himself emperor, but rather princeps, which in this context roughly translates to leading citizen

[@MaxwellAerialPhotography]

in a ways of speaking sorta, one of the titles he used was imperator, which just by looking at you can guess is the root word for the modern word emperor. also all roman rulers went to great lengths to avoid be perceived as or called Rex (king)

[@alexthompson2375]

I took latin princeps or principis means leading man root for principle

[@MaestroRigale]

I had the same thought. The term Emperor in English is the descendant of the term "imperator," which means literally "commander," and was essentially the highest Roman military rank. Augustus was also a title conferred upon Octavian, and subsequent Emperors, by the Senate, but the Emperors never actually took on a title that directly corresponds to one we would recognize as royal or monarchical. They maintained the pretense of being a Republic.

[@user-mr5eo9ov3q]

MaestroRigale thats partly true its was not a man made empire but the empire which made the men the general rose by ranks not just by the births but ofcourse most of the generals could have come directly thru hierachy but would be wrong to say it was an easy job of being general of an empire so if only eligible they would continue not just to say they weilded all the powers like a dictator of the state...

[@NathanLucas5]

I mean this whole video is a testament to how little John Green understands Roman history, the titles are the least glaring error

[@mistermanners6661]

Time to listen to John's soothing voice before I am decapitated after exam

[@dantesdiscoinfernolol]

7:50 "-And the best fashion choice was bed sheets." Whoa, hey, don't harsh on the toga, dude. Togas were awesome.

[@readingrainbow417]

"When is it ever ok to stab someone 23 times?" My answer is no

[@isaiahapolinar2962]

game of thrones man jon snow is labeled a traitor for helping wildlings and is stabbed to death by his own men

[@sambollman9353]

to bad it's not a yes or no question, then you'd be right.

[@isaiahapolinar2962]

***** or when youre just in the mood to stab the hell out of someone

[@thesenate974]

my answer is when the vicitm is a nazi

[@To3mas23]

The answer is no unless your, wait for it, The Mongols....

[@mackenzie_directioner1961]

the first week of History class: Is the hour over yet??? History now that we watch crash corse: Awww the hours over

[@DrManiSuresh]

32 more episodes. Hopefully then I can go from a 1 to a 2

[@alleyredd]

me too... rip my grade lol

[@garrettmorris429]

How do you think you did?

[@alleyredd]

I hope I did well! Some parts were difficult tho lol hbu?

[@DrManiSuresh]

Multiple choice was okay, short response was good, dbq and leq I think I took an L

[@Cam-gk4dk]

It's okay it's a great revision watching these videos! Happy y'all did well

[@heathcliffheath5947]

We won't go quietly, the legion can count on that.

[@XxFPSnoobxX]

NCR Heavy Infantry represent

[@ShadowTheYoukai]

"Toss my salad, Caesar!" :P

[@brian8484]

Hey, I thought you didn't mind the Legion!

[@SnowingAsh111]

"Degenerates like you belong on a cross."

[@XxFPSnoobxX]

JK193765 "no u"

[@Bibky]

All CrashCourse comments are ethier complaining or complaining

[@Kewljack02]

Or complaining about complaining.

[@xslite300]

You are complaining too :D

[@ThatsPety]

you forget correcting

[@ThatsPety]

***** I see what you did there

[@Kewljack02]

***** wow

[@fritzwinterbottom7748]

Thank you for posting this. It was great to learn more about the Roman Empire.

[@yoloesad76]

Finally a history channel actually interesting to listen too, I love the humor thanks

[@barrys9842]

1/4 of the way through cramming and watching these videos for tomorrow

[@kaelanjungmeyer9825]

+Barry S same

[@MorganL12166]

lol same

[@skyehoolihan2684]

Same tho

[@teewhytrack9776]

Good luck! Me tooo:/

[@demon515]

+Barry S You kids and your crash coarse videos. When I was in High School I studied by reading the damn book.

[@inuyashaxx]

Augustus never referred to himself as emperor. The first emperors worked to maintain the appearance of the Republic, keeping the same public offices and such. Augustus gained power by slowly accruing various offices and political powers, it wasn't like he was just some dude and then BAM, he was coronated. What Augustus did refer to himself as was "princeps civitatus", or first citizen, which is why we call the first period of the Empire the Principate.

[@katlynnemessersmith7157]

I always watch this for my ap world history class and my cats join me every time. My cats have a fascination with your show! Thank you for helping me pass my class btw!

[@aryabharath2946]

"The Senate will decide your fate" Caesar: I am the Senate

[@SylviaLupien]

When is it OK to stab someone 23 times? When you're Carl the lama of course.

[@matthewpaul9432]

or french the llama

[@jadeblackwood4289]

yes, this is only time its ok to stab someone 23 times

[@fairefozza6406]

Carrrrrrrlllllll

[@thepilot2727]

I get it

[@avmii]

Sylvia's Fandom Corner I’m not the only one who got that joke XD

[@theanonymousmrgrape5911]

Really? Italians were all the same? Italy was incredibly diverse at that time, there were ligurians, etruscans, umbrians, latins, greeks, sicels, among many others all of them speaking widely different languages and believing in a variety of different gods. The reason as you say "Italians you have a lot of things in common" is because the romans took it all over and romanized it. I'm sorry if this comes off as pedantic but I just don't think that that's a fair assessment of it.

[@wyatt735]

Be careful how you say it Romanization was more peaceful process then you put it. compared to hellenization that is

[@sarban1653]

+Wyatt Campbell How was Hellenization less peaceful? I know almost nothing about the process of Hellenization so I'd be interested to hear what you have to say.

[@lordstronghold5802]

+TheAnonymousMrGrape I think he's using the term in a relative context. Italians in the ancient Po valley had more in common with Italians in Rome than they did with say Gauls to the north-west. Sure, Italians were not unified by a common language before the coming of Rome but that doesn't mean that they shared no commonalities (i.e. neighbouring communities, similar linguistic dialects, trade networks).

[@rickmo5585]

*cough* Greece isn't Italian *cough*

[@fovlsbane]

+Soviet Doge There were greeks in Italia tough

[@jaydoggy9043]

A fun cooking tip: any salad can be a caesar salad as long as you serve it with 23 knives.

[@tomripsin730]

1:53 The Netflix comment seems pretty ironic in 2019.

[@miladragon]

Shakespeare didn't come up with "et tu, Brute". Caesar didn't say it, but according to Suetonius, he did say "και συ, τεκνον", which is almost equivalent (even you Brutus vs even you [my] child). The higher ups in Rome spoke Greek in addition to Latin, and used it with the upper class people. Also, Octavian changed his name to Augustus right when he started fighting, not after becoming emperor. The name Caesar carried a lot of weight, so he made everyone call him that straight from the start.

[@kilgoretrout1952]

+miladragon he was octavian, then he was adopted by Caesar and changed his name to Juilius Caesar whilst fighting, then once he became emperor he changed his name again to augustus caesar

[@sophieluvsbooks2629]

Yeah but it's still uncertain. My latin teacher described Suetonius as the equivalent of the tabloids of today. Also, Julius Caesar lived from 100 bc-44bc whilst Suetonius was born in 69 AD so it's not like he knew for sure.

[@Namezzzzzzz]

that argument does not make shakespeares version more probable

[@sarasamaletdin4574]

Octavian changed his name to Caesar right after he heard that Caesar had given his name to him in his will. But Augustus is a title type name besrowed him by the Senate after ei king the Civil war and it is from then on he is considered a emperor.

[@rayres1074]

Sara Samaletdin Actually, Octavian didn't "change his name". His name was changed after Julius Caesar adopted him. He didn't become "Octavian Julius Caesar" because that's fancy, but because that was the Roman law: you get the name of your adoptive father.

[@CoolKidX85]

I love these crash courses BUT I do think they should be longer, you suprisingly did it really fast true, but in order for all this learning to sink in, you should talk more about some things.

[@broshmosh]

Or you could use this as a springboard for stuff you find interesting (which is what it is), then do your own research in the way you find easiest (documentaries, books, talk to a historian) and take notes. o:

[@TheFireflyGrave]

Crash Course- noun : a class in which a lot of information is taught in a short period of time. Maybe they could do a 'Leisurely Learning' program next.

[@gamiezion]

if you want to know more about anciant rome from the people who actually experienced it; tacitus wrote on the general history as well as on the various german tribes (and agricola's government of england). seutonius wrote about the first 12 emperors (including julius ceasar, who set the stage for augustus). and then there is polybius who wrote on various gib names in rome and greece. julius ceasar wrote on his own war in france and another on the civil war he fought against pompeii (but these are unreliable in his favour).

[@blakewilkinson8911]

I would recommend Dan Carlin's Hardcore History for a more in depth study of some of this. He has a series on the fall of the Roman Republic. Unfortunately, only the new podcasts are free, so you would have to purchase the aforementioned series.

[@sicariius7682]

"SHUT PIEHOLE QUICKLY RAPSKALLION " best response to that question ever.

[@overlychaotic]

Hehe😂

[@abrilbv]

i've discover this amazing channel and i love it. Please keep make it

[@emilyevelan6121]

Emily reporting in the night before the test

[@General12th]

+Emily Evelin How did you do, soldier?

[@emilyevelan6121]

I got a 4 :(

[@skrillexfan6731]

Out of what?

[@redpriest1985]

This didn't teach much about the Roman Republic/Empire, it just taught us about Gaius Julius Caesar. gg

[@BipedalP314]

+Faal Lot Dovah I've got several books about Rome - Rubicon: The Final Years of the Roman Republic, Augustus: First Emperor of Rome, and a handful of college textbooks about ancient civilizations and I doubt I learned much about Rome. What did you expect from a 12 minute video?

[@BipedalP314]

Faal Lot Dovah Well then, good day to you.

[@TheWolfgangGrimmer]

+Faal Lot Dovah The complete history of Rome would take months to tell. it certainly can't be done in ten minutes.

[@redpriest1985]

Ghost7856 Yeah, i know.

[@marcusaureli0s95]

+Red Priest LORD OF LIGHT DEFEND US!

[@chlojo]

Watched this in Latin class today. I was very excited when my teacher introduced it.

[@DigOnAmerica]

That Netflix Joke didn't age well. 😄 What a difference a decade makes.

[@brunilda12]

"Holden Caulfield thinks you are a phony" Love it!

[@dongiovanni13]

where?

[@nicolecoolkid1]

John Fulghieri John's shirt

[@TamirOulu]

Now, this may be a stupid question but what did you mean by Netflix' ceo destroyed the company?

[@chadschommer3335]

I was wondering that same thing. Reed Hastings seems to be doing very well for investors..

[@JonatasMonte]

I don't know exactly but it seems that netflix was more wealthy back there and he made a decision that changed that but still it's a big company

[@pollypoopoo7]

Netflix used to offer both Streaming AND dvd renting for $8, now its that price for both, hence the reason why people began looking to alternatives. At one point they were gonna rename netflix Quikster and make it streaming only. It was an epic fail.

[@TamirOulu]

Timothy Flood I dont understand

[@chadschommer3335]

CrashCourse Enlighten us. Their stock price was cut in half ($299 to $130) when they announced Qwikster and the split pricing - but that stuff never really happened and their stock price is a healthy $447 today. Is this what you were referencing?

[@ericcarbonell9927]

My high school history teacher was the assistant football coach and had zero insight into history. Thanks for making it fun and useful

[@LukaMagic97]

Love listening to crash course always learn something from it

[@convocare]

I'm surprised he left out the fun bit about Hannibal's brother dying during the second punic war. the romans intercepted him (hasdrubal) and decapitated him and then flung his head into hannibal's camp volleyball style to let hannibal know what's up

[@BcDyxaLKgoNdgU]

heads up! ... I´ll show myself out now...

[@convocare]

***** that's such a great joke im mad i didn't think of that first ;D

[@alannar.5520]

I KNOW! And it's not just that. I'm pretty sure they engraved a note onto Hasdrubal's DECAPITATED HEAD. Like, hey Hannibal. Just to let you know, we killed your brother. But we wrote it too, just in case you didn't get the memo.

[@stealthwolf1]

You either die a hero, or live long enough to see yourself become the villian

[@smeebs]

I feel like your ratata is in the top percent of all ratatas.

[@jyotiradityadeka2905]

And Cesar schoodly pooped with Cleopatra 😂😂😂

[@THeFudimentals]

There should be a Roman history crash course series

[@marcopolo3001]

A world where Rome never fell would have been very interesting. The problem was that it tried too hard to expand and had an overstretched army that finally fell to the Germanic tribes to the north among many other barbarian hordes. And being that Rome spread civilization wherever it went, made it a very formidable culture. It incorporated so many different nations into its empire, and this has not been matched since in the west. The closest thing we have to such a civilization state still alive today is China. Its continual struggle to keep its civilization state alive, gave it the flourishing culture we still see today of primarily mandarin speakers. But rest assured China is as diverse as Rome was, culturally speaking and is of many ethnicities. I wonder how a modern Rome would look today. Its hard to imagine, because it would of been comprised of most of Europe all speaking latin, although as in China there would still be some local dialects. It would have a largely italian type sense of ethnicity, as in foods, customs, and roman art and architecture. Everyone as in the Chinese Han, would of identified themselves as proudly Roman and superior to its neighbors in sophistication and culture. Would a modern Rome of eventually conquered America? And how would Europe of seemed if there had been no more wars within its borders because of just one mono culture defining what it was to be european and uniting its people under one banner. No French revolution, no british monarchy, no spanish conquest by the moors, no vikings, no world wars. But that is not to say no wars at all, just with the middle east perhaps. It is indeed a hard concept to picture in ones mind.

[@Tataryn777]

The Roman Empire was way more ethnically diverse than China is or ever was. Compare Britons, Phoenicians, Egyptians, Iazyges, Greeks, and Germans (to only name a few) with the population of Italy.

[@marcopolo3001]

Tataryn777 China has 53 cultures living in one continent. They have many different traditions and dialects. In fact there are half a dozen languages in china with over 20 million speakers each. Cantonese being the largest 2nd language there. If Rome never fell all of europe would of probably been more ethnically mixed and more of a fusion between states because there would been no borders since 2000 years ago. So it would be interesting what impact that would of had on present day europe. But rest assured Rome would of been a superpower much larger than America could ever be, and just as culturally rich as India or China is today.

[@Tataryn777]

You're missing the point. Most of the 53 cultures in China you mention are closely related ethnically and linguistically. The vast majority of the languages come from the Sinitic language branch, meaning at certain points those languages diverged from a common language. That is not the case for the cultures of the Roman Empire. While most of its languages are Indo-European, they all had diverged thousands of years before they even had alphabets. In contrast, most of the Chinese languages simply diverged from Middle or Old Chinese (comparatively) not that long ago. Also, a lack of borders doesn't always result in ethnic mixing. Many cultures in the near east were under Roman rule for a thousand years and then Turkish rule for another five hundred after that. Yet, they are all still distinct ethnicities. Concerning the Roman Empire as a whole, it appears what was happening over time was the opposite of what you suggest. The Vulgar Latin of many regions of the empire was diverging considerably from Classical Latin. The process was only sped up by the disintegration of the Roman state. Also, you're forgetting that most of the eastern half of the Roman Empire spoke Greek as its main language, not Latin. It is doubtful that Latin would have ever supplanted Greek in those areas.

[@marcopolo3001]

Tataryn777 Yes but despite sino cultures being perhaps the motherland and birthplace of what consequently became Korea and Japan, there are clear and distinct differences and some very difficult to compare even to a trained speaker. Even within China, many of the dialects like Wenzhounese and Cantonese are very dissimilar to Mandarin, so much so that the two are phonetically unique with many tones not heard of in Mandarin at all. Sometimes even more similar to Vietnamese in some cases.Local peoples sometimes don't speak mandarin at all and find it difficult to adopt it, even as much as learning a new language like english. Then you have the Tibetan and Uyghurs who are almost completely seperate in culture and language to mainland mandarin cultures. But in Europe, many words among French, Spanish, Portuguese and Italian are interchangeable. If you know those languages you can interpret some of the words in the others by the similarities in nouns. English however is the least similar of the bunch, probably having borrowed more from Germanic influences. Then Greek and Russian are even less so related. But you see the diversity among Asian cultures are quite varied too as much as Europeans in many cases.

[@Tataryn777]

Sure, the Romance languages you mentioned in Western Europe have many similarities, but their territory represents less than half of what the Roman Empire was. Languages such as Punic, Coptic, Berber, Syriac, Phrygian, Greek, and Armenian, have next to no similarities whatsoever. Aside from Uyghur, Tibetan, and a few others, you can't argue that the majority of other Chinese languages are so dissimilar to eachother. They didn't break off from one another that long ago at all. Ethnically, they're even more similar to each other. Other than perhaps Uyghurs, and Tibetans, if you stand five individuals from the most common ethnicities in China beside one another, an observer would have a hard time discerning a difference between them ethnically. On the other hand, if you stood a Greek, a Briton, a Berber, an Egyptian, and a German beside one another, most people would easily be able to tell the difference. It is because they're vastly different ethnically, unlike most Chinese ethnicities.

[@mahuda5898]

why do i feel like leaving a complement for every video this man makes

[@immaslime6017]

1:52 "Destroyed Netlfix in two weeks" Shots fired! *Intense air horn*

[@ivanseegmiller1857]

11:15, Thank you so much John Green. You just made my day!😍😊😁

[@lordilluminati5836]

BEST OPEN LETTER OF THE SHOW! that was hillarious.

[@assajitjahjadi942]

your series are great! I learn a lot of history in just minutes and in fun way!

[@netta6287]

thanks for this "even thought the vid is old" i had some trouble at home and couldn't study for my big test on this so this really helped xD