Croatian inventions as a part of the Croatian-Hungarian Personal Union in Austria had most original roots in traditional Carinthia/Krain in Austria, and from there they went to Lombardia, Venezia, Istria, Kvarner and the Littoral, which all had either lakes or sea access. For example, the early "torpedo" used in 1859 as a guided floating sea mine was made in geographic Italy. And hydrofoil design or hovercrafts. Developed industrial products, which survived under Titos Yugoslav Socialism, because they could be exported. What helped the Croatian people even though most money was send to Belgrade to be wasted, before people didn't went to work there anymore. From a contemporary point of view, "ancient" fake news did never point out these origins accordlingly. They praised foreign inventions as their own to make sense of nationalism, here Italian one, and put fake directors in the press. Or after it became incorporated. But neither the people nor the local investment had these roots, some of them just spoke Italian. Or under Socialism a Slavic language. A reason why Rijeka (Littoral) fell behind Trieste (Venezia) in the overall meaning of the harbours was (froggy) Imperial Napoleon ending the Corpus Separatum of the city towards Austria. The following autonomy of the Hungarian half of Croatia 1823 had less economic scale, even though it became an independant governorate. Hungary wanted less integration with Austria (in the South), and was oriented towards the East meaning Romania and Ruthenia/Ukraine. Because of oil and its products like rubber. Things, which were then exported to geographic Croatia or Italy, where the natural precessor material got substituted and used also around this overall maritime production. These Eastern regions became fully free again after the Osmans had to retreat, and were connected to Austria via the North (Slovakia and Czechia and Galizia and Lesser Poland (Vistula) towards the Baltics). Also the Russian Empire over Ruthenia/Ukraine supported this alongside the Black Sea coast in opposition to the complex Hungarian revolution in 1848. Affecting free enterprise, but enabling their extention wishes of old territory with the ressources. That's why Rijeka instead became more oriented towards all sorts of local industry around 1850. But got an military academy, in which these overall maritime inventions became more professionally militarized after 1857. This is why the torpedo got redeveloped in 1860. The Englishmen Robert Whitehead worked in a fabric of (complex) steam engines, which were world-leading. It was a shipyard, too and he became director. While Trieste (as the center of Austrian Lloyd) delivered ship towards Hungary along the Danube (til Black Sea) and Italy along the Po (til Torino), these export products also had an influence of Rijeka and Croatia overall. This is also true for different products made of oil like bumpers or for early electronics around maritime industry. Whitehead's original business went bankrupt as a result of the Austrian loss against Prussia and the Italian National movement, but he re-established a local company specialized onto submarine torpedos and later submarines, which grew in size. Such were also exported and sold to the British Empire, and also the Russian Empire. And grown in size.