First Light: The Dark Age of the Universe

[@GiaIsTheBest]

Tony Darnell's voice is so perfect for narrating stuff. Please TDarnell, never stop doing what you do! You're awesome!

[@EricMalette]

Mr. Darnell! A masterpiece! What a great collaboration. This is a while new level for your show. Keep this up!

[@Promatheos]

tdarnell you are a treasure. Your videos aren't just educational but beautiful. You deserve a lot of respect and a lot more recognition for your work. Thank you so much!

[@esamiga]

Thank you Tony. The quality of your videos in terms of imagines is getting better and better and your videos are as informative as ever. I always look forward to weekends to watch your videos. Thank you so much!

[@sfomikedean1]

Thank you Tony. Your explanation of forming particles, atoms and the resulting stars made my jaw literally drop open about one third of the way through the video.

[@colinp2238]

It will be amazing to see the JWST images, to look so far back through space/time. We are lucky to be living at this time.

[@MartianStories]

Nice vid, Tony. I'm loving the that first tune. Great explanation, great animation. Keep up the greatness. WE LOVE YOU, TONY!

[@RobButler999]

Tony, youy vids keep getting better! I often show these to my GCSE (14- 16years old) Astronomy classes here in the UK. Always inspirational, informative and entertaining, they just keep getting better. Knd Rgds RobButler Manchester England

[@Woodfiend]

Your videos keep getting better and better! I can't wait to see more of space in action!

[@mattcay]

This movie is awesome. Tony, you're just getting better at it. Can't wait for more :)

[@KesselRunner606]

Watching this makes me feel truly amazed to be living in This time. When we can travel back the very beginning of time and the edge of known space, all while sitting in bed sipping a cup of coffee. Thanks tony, it's good to have my mind blown first thing in the morning. Best hangover cure Ever!

[@elbabun]

Wow! What a great video - the best rationale for Webb Telescope I have seen so far!

[@face112]

You sir make space very intriguing. Thanks for taking the time and making this video.

[@Nunreal69]

Wow Tony! What can I say, the quality of this video is magnificent! Your little production team has made a fantastic little video here. Keep it up and well done! Perhaps an easier-to-understand video would invite/encourage newcomers better?

[@pepeledog]

Fascinating!!! Excellent video! Great production value!

[@goombapolice]

Oh man this was amazing. I'm so hyped to see what the Webb telescope will show us now!

[@AdamTaylor_ajgraytay]

Great vid - great visuals! Hope we'll get to see more soon!

[@Phlinn96]

I'm not saying scientists know everything, it's impossible to know everything. The reason why i think scientists have a far better understanding of reality is because their beliefs are based on observation and experimentation, while religion is based on faith and authority. I don't see how believing in that makes me fanatic.

[@MRTHISNAMEFAILS]

Your ideas make sense. My theories for the density of black holes are that either they dump the matter in another place (thus having high density but not HUGE density), they compact matter (this relates to my "theory" about the Big Bang), or they mess with the fabric of the universe, making a large space inside a tiny space (kind of like those backpacks in RPGs that can carry anything).

[@TazukeUK]

Amazing!, Best Tdarnell video so far! Great Job!

[@pdxyarnho]

Another excellent production, Tony!

[@alienfast]

Thanks for another great video, Tony! I like how things are evolving for your channel, keep up the great work!!

[@ByronUHS]

I feel like there's a conceptual error that begins at around 1:10 and is taken up again at around 2:15. The formation of neutral hydrogen is what allows CMB photons to escape at 1:10, yet as presented it seems like neutral hydrogen doesn't combine until much later (2:15).

[@kratuna0]

This is your best video so far (imho). Keep looking up.

[@revolutionpm]

A comment on the part about the photons finally having escaped their prison (just before 1:17). If the 'big bang' is creating mass and space, then the photons would have had nowhere to have escaped to. You suggest that they were held in by other particles. Could they have been held in the expanding shape because there was nowhere else to go beyond the shape? Brings the question 'was the expansion of space faster than the expansion of the matter in it'? Did light keep exact pace with the expansion of space? Did space outrun light? Legitimate questions.

[@anassyria5176]

revolutionpm revolutionpm Good observation ans questions! Another thing that came into my mind when he said "as time passed" at 0:55 , and knowing that "time" is only a property (or dimension) of this small condensed speck that became our universe, I think it's unclear if we can speak about time in the simple sense of the word in this embryonic stage.

[@anshubalaanshubala3260]

The spaces was expanding faster than speed of light.

[@CRXspeedshift]

Awesome video Tony! If it was not for you, I wouldn't understand all the complex things that make up our known universe.

[@schaffergallops]

Tony Darnell!! promatheos is right, i love all your videos, i am a space fan since my childhood. you're a real treasure for spacefans, your videos are very educational and you share your professional videos with people like us all the time. you deserve the highest respect! i love all your videos man!

[@atlasentity]

Awesome video and the animations are great, can't wait for more

[@NightBazaar]

That was an excellent presentation Tony.

[@dragonfirefoxx]

WOW Very epic video.. Loved it!!! Thanks so much for sharing and explaining this.. Keep looking up!

[@MitchBowman93]

This right here, is absolutely fantastic Tony!

[@NomadSage]

Beautiful. Really, wonderful video. Long time watcher.

[@beretube]

This is awesome stuff. Great animations.

[@22Kyu]

Tony, you have a good voice and tone for Documentary narration!

[@GoreTorn16]

Thank you Tony for the awesome weekly Brainfood! omnomnomnom! Can't wait to see more videos from you! -Loyal subscriber since your first video

[@DelightfulCarrotLord]

Amazing as always :)

[@TheAwakeangel]

Thank you so much. If only you lived next door what cups of tea we could have. I, too, love your work and wish you a long happy life under the stars.

[@adamfidelio1213]

Photons be like: Yeah it was a rough 300000 years, I got raped billions of times by protons.

[@tsjoencinema]

Nice video, Tony. I appreciate your work.

[@rorypenty]

another great narration, top video :)

[@sanduw]

I think so too. My understanding is when the expanding universe had cooled enough for protons and electrons to combine and form Hydrogen atoms, thereby removing the electrons which were scattering the photons (hence the opaqueness), photons were freed. i.e. the formation of Hydrogen atoms is the reason for the escape of the photons, making the universe transparent.

[@crazybadcuber]

ok thanks for that. Like I said I don't research this stuff, I just find it really interesting and am slowing learning things at my own discretion. I'm sure in time through learning I'll understand more of what your saying =)

[@srgg67]

Terrific story, Tony. Thank you!

[@samratjpatil]

brilliant. I'm not clear on why did it take such a long time to the form H2 molecule? Because of the early universe was too hot?

[@okrajoe]

The amazing early days of our universe.

[@oreally8605]

Do you know for sure? Were you there? And who made the photons? Sorry sir, everything didn't come from nothing.

[@tkarkoulis]

great work Tony, thank you!

[@bygota]

Great vid, Tony!

[@TheTopLogician]

Absolutely beautiful. Is this airing anywhere?

[@pjdepaolisii]

great synopsis of the data, as usual...thanks!

[@crazybadcuber]

ok, I've never heard of that but I don't study this much so I'll take your word for that =) If that is true, where does all the mass or matter go? A black hole has such massive mass because it's so dense, so if radiation does something to it, where does the matter that makes up a black hole go, and why can it escape the black holes gravitational pull?

[@ShqTth]

A more recently proposed view of black holes might be interpreted as shedding some light on the nature of classical white holes. Some researchers have proposed that when a black hole forms, a big bang occurs at the core, which creates a new universe that expands outside of the parent universe.

[@andrius0592]

By "decoupled" he meant that the photons stopped interacting with everything else. As it was said in the video, the early universe was so dense, that photons had nowhere to go, because after traveling a very short distance they would hit something. As I understand it, photons are simply distortions in the electromagnetic field. Also, even though they can interact with matter in a particle-like fashion, they are not matter. In the Standard Model they are classified as force carriers.

[@aWorldview]

This is professional - Well done.

[@lewismclinton]

Thats good to hear,i thought it had been cancelled. Thanks for that,actually some good news!

[@ShatteredEquilibrium]

Holy shit, that's a totally new level to Tony's videos! I would like it a hundred times if I could;)

[@MRTHISNAMEFAILS]

No, I'm saying that in a previous universe, instead of everything separating, everything was being pulled inward (the opposite of what is happening to our universe currently).

[@Peter_Siri]

The nature of the stars amazes me instantly.

[@Standardchannel01]

With all the recent discoveries including the Higgs Bosson, as you said, recent findings about dark holes, recent findings about the edge of the solar system, and a lot of more, they are all saying none of the characteristics and behaviors coincide with any of the current laws of physics. It could even be possible that math itself and equations could be paced out. The possibilities could be endless, and its best to admit that we literally know 1% of the entire story rather than stay in denial.

[@anassyria5176]

Looking a these magnificent eras, periods and events in our universe, I can't but assert that one of the most - if not the most - important things in this universe is conciousness, without which everything else seems meaningless or even not real.

[@StraussBR]

Hey Tony, how far would we have to look to see some of these Pair instability supernovae? Are their redshifted beyond the infra red spectrum? Will JWST be able to see that far away?

[@SuperiorApostate]

Not an astronomy question but, how do we measure brightness and is it subjective to humans only? for example, would the brightness be different for Mantis Shrimp?

[@ndelliott138]

Thank you, but i do have another question: since the universe is expanding is the distance between, say the earth and the moon or the sun also expanding? Is it only detectable at large galaxy cluster scales? Or am I looking at it from the wrong perspective?

[@MRTHISNAMEFAILS]

Are you saying that it's possible that black holes are basically interdimensional? Or that there is a mini universe at each black hole's core? Sorry, I'm confused.

[@ecortez669]

Best way to start my morning

[@ndelliott138]

I understand that, my question is with the universe expanding because of dark energy/residual momentum from the big bang does that effect distances at the level of the solar system?

[@darklordbobSmoke]

fantastic video, tony.

[@LoveFlatfootin1]

Wow! Beautiful and amazing. Based on science, but still hard to believe. Is it really "the universe" or one of many universes?

[@sweiland75]

can't wait for the sequel!

[@N476HA]

Precisely. You aren't being a pain at all, I'm always happy to help. Any more questions, feel free to ask me, and you seem to be grasping the concept now. Let's simplify it, only the 'Cores' move, in the case of Galaxies that's the Black Hole in the centre as it isn't bound to anything, correct. So... any more questions?

[@cruisingaltitude]

Interesting video as always.....thanks.

[@martemaniac]

Really beautiful. thanks!

[@IudiciumInfernalum]

You have to understand that there is such a thing as vacuum fluctuations. This causes particle-antiparticle pairs to pop in and out of existence. At the event horizon (Which you can imagine to be the "edge" of the black hole) these fluctuations occur too. However when this happens there one of these pairs falls into the black hole while the other escapes. The laws of thermodynamics dictate that in order to preserve total energy the anti-particle must fall into the black hole thus...

[@ShqTth]

If anything tried to escape a blackhole (light) it would take forever for it to happen, unless the blackhole blew up, in that case would the universe inside it survive or be apart of ours? I was reading that gravitational forces can travel faster then the speed of light. I guess it would be a relative thing so do to the gravity so speed as more gravity seems slower.

[@modus_ponens]

Awesome job!

[@johnphillips2479]

Is it possible that partical accelerators have not divided all particles down like quarks that perhaps the force carrying particles responsible for quarks won't allow any further divisions and present us with guesswork much like the double slit experiment with light

[@TheKarstrasse]

Hi Do we have the entire collection in limited videos? I found these videos discrete and scattered :(

[@Maverick85d]

The escape velocity doesn't create a black hole. A black hole is defined by the escape velocity that would have to be attained to escape from the gravitational pull exerted upon an object.The escape velocity of a black hole uses the speed of light as the highest possible velocity for material trying to escape the star. The defining separation from the center of a Black Hole is called the event horizon or Schwarzschild radius and can be determined from the escape velocity equation.

[@StraussBR]

Damm, if JWST videos are going to be this good i am eager to see the rest of them this is really exciting I Wish we could see the images from the russian super radio telescope too, but so far i havent seen anything

[@damnt3iktai]

why do we jump off building? which side of gravity is pulling is towards that direction?

[@gunterra1]

Cool. Let there be light!

[@WNYmathGuy]

Nope. I meant palpable. It's such an obscure word I double checked the definition to see if I used it right... From Merriam-Webster 1: capable of being touched or felt : tangible 2: easily perceptible : noticeable "a palpable difference" 3: easily perceptible by the mind : manifest I probably could have said self-evident, or blatantly obvious, but palpable had such a nice tacit feel to it.

[@SOBIESKI_freedom]

Fantastic video! We have found our new Carl Sagan.

[@The55five5]

Yes, supernovae do produce elements heavier than iron. It is the balance of the inward gravitational force and the outward release of energy through fusion that maintains a stars equilibrium.

[@JohnStark3D]

Realy good stuff here

[@madhattercig]

awesome vid as usual

[@genkykaia]

With risking a fight between religion and science... I would like to ask on what ground do you say that the Old Testament has more historical importance? It is, in some parts a historical book but only concerning human lives and development.

[@Ladybugsong101]

that scene at 7:00 is incredible

[@ExiledStardust]

Awesome graphics.

[@midstarify]

Dude... Awesome !

[@silverbullet1979]

I wish there is a part two of this...

[@MusicByNumbersUK]

I couldn't help but think "photons.. be free!" ;) good name for a book! (anyone get the reference?) ;) Great video as usual Tony, thanks!

[@andrius0592]

Lookup "Messier 87" or "NGC 4486". That galaxy is known for its massive jet of particles. There is a very nice picture of it made using the Hubble Space Telescope. It is believed to be caused by the magnetic fields that arise from the rapidly spinning plasma in the accretion disc.

[@CeleritasSquared]

It does not exist to be exciting, true... yet for all are passionate about science, about the big questions, there exists nothing more exciting. There are many fields of science, and you are describing a very essential piece of the process for sure, the testing of theories via laboratory experiment which has its tedious side no doubt. But to others who live in the universe of the mind, a universe of conscious born of theory, that you seem to not grasp and is the driving force of our world.

[@crazybadcuber]

it might have come from a previous universe. I've thought about this too. If in the centre of galaxies are black holes and that the galaxy will eventually wind up as a single black hole, and if that happens to all galaxies over time, wouldn't there end up being nothing but black holes after a certain amount of time, and wouldn't some go SO massive because they eat up smaller ones? Is this the fate of the universe? With enough time couldn't there just be one left? Or at least very few? What then?

[@oreally8605]

Nice fantasy.

[@tenthaccount7601]

This was amazing.. Thank you so much..

[@n33dw33d3333]

how to watch live?

[@Cadwaladr]

Great video. But the collapsed early stars aren't necessarily the first black holes. There may be primordial black holes that formed right after the big bang.

[@saultube44]

Beautiful, thanks :)

[@ze_chooch]

Does every point in space see the same CMB or a reorganization of the same information?

[@victormartins8654]

interesting question

[@galaxia4709]

I agree, Joao!

[@trevorspittle5478]

Hi Tony. Two things have hit me from this. 1. Dark matter haloes. Cool. Sets me thinking... and 2. 1st stars were huge. err why? Condensing out of hydrogen soup, why are they so so big? Perplexing. Please explain.