Fixing a Viewer's BROKEN Gaming PC? - Fix or Flop S3:E16

[@SKLL3TR]

Am honestly in love with this series it gave me courage to troubleshoot my pc myself, i used to be terrified of even installing a HDD, greg somehow made me feel like I've been building PCs for 10 Years 😂😂

[@accelement3499]

you can doit bro!

[@Joreel]

It honestly looks harder than it really is. Just take your time and you can do it. I had to learn how to do it without the benefit of the Internet and KZbin so it's so much easier now.

[@TheFalseShepphard]

Does anybody know how to update the firmware of a HDD, (I suspect it might be a ex- surveillance drive St5200320AS) I plug it in but ir isn't even recognised by windows. The drive spins up etc. works fine ?

[@jimmyhughes5392]

@@TheFalseShepphard search "How to Format a Drive using Command Prompt/Diskpart | Any Windows OS" in YT

[@accelement3499]

@@TheFalseShepphard the drive would need a software suite that does it manufacturer maybe but i dont think spinning discs have firmware you can update i totally could be wrong

[@trusty6625]

God my grandfather had that same style of CPU heatsink when we updated his PC a decade or so back. Those things are a death sentence to fingers.

[@Boba_Fett1980]

It also is very ugly imo lol

[@mikeelek9713]

That's a crazy looking CPU cooler. You know, I always learn something with your "Fix or Flop" videos. Last year, I built a mini-PC, and the motherboard didn't have an I/O shield. I ended up buying a generic one with a plastic grid. I think clipped out the spots where various ports either extended out or needed holes for inputs.

[@dylandoesthingssometimes2045]

I love how consistent this series is! I could for sure fix my pc if it broke now lmao

[@hex9688]

Not so easy if you don’t have a bunch of other working parts to swap in and out to narrow down the issue. But the process is fairly straight forward.

[@TheHackysack]

Even the title is consistent!

[@JamieR]

@@TheHackysack If it ain't broke, don't fix it! 😂

[@gokublack8342]

@Hex I currently keep a ryzen 5 3600 on hand just in case (I just hold onto it when I upgraded ig it also wouldn't hurt to keep a cheap gpu around to test though

[@KillerDragonone]

If you Pause at 17:06 and look at the 2 bottom left holes it looks damaged and may even have some burn, looks like they may have went to tight on the bracket and did some damage to the board

[@sp00n]

Good catch. On the left lower hole there seems to be some damage to a trace or two.

[@rasmusvedel]

That very left one is the mounting hole for the vrm cover. The owner is very unlikely to have messed around with that.

[@DPLS77]

that would explain why simply switching a case would result in no post, nice.

[@TheBlueBunnyKen]

He must've accidentally hit the vrm heatsink and caused a short in the traces by the look of it

[@ronniebots9225]

thats always my fear when mounting the motherboard. i accedently tighten the screw to much and crach a trace

[@vadim.ka96]

I love that old school Zalman CPU cooler. Looks unique, and it performed really well

[@JentasticArt]

I'm always happy to see another video for this series! it's so informative and entertaining, I've learned a lot from watching these videos from you :)

[@GregSalazar]

Glad you like them! More to come :-)

[@bradkuntzelman5343]

Pausing at 16:59, there's a screw hole (leftish center of the screen) that looks like it might've been drilled right through some motherboard traces (or at least crushed by an overlarge screw?) It really doesn't look like there should be a hole there.

[@andreasdill4329]

It´s for the VRM Cooler.

[@gustavo_vanni]

Hey Greg, love this series and also PCDC. I think this is a classic case o ESD. The owner 'fried' his motherboard when handling it to change the case. It's rare, but happens. Remember to always ground yourself when messing around with sensitive electronics.

[@PindleofKujata]

I would have liked you to try and build his original platform outside of the case, just to conclusively rule out whether there was a short or not.

[@davescomputerservice]

I agree! I don't think he tries "breadboarding" faulty systems enough. I can't tell you the number of times doing so has led to solutions for me.

[@bothellkenmore]

That was my thought. Did it for the "new" MB but not for the original that had a mess of wires in the case.

[@MegaSmiley]

Most common causes of a failure during case swap are either static electricity damaging something on the board, or some internal traces cracking if any force is used while moving the motherboard.

[@zed4844]

I wonder why Greg doesn't use a anti-static wristband?

[@ariannanightingale4054]

Oh man this old CNPS 9900 gives me some memories... Had those coolers in various forms, including green 9700, very cute things

[@dennissmith1435]

Love the Zalman cooler in this Fix or Flop build. It's one of the most incredible looking coolers out there!

[@macking104]

Did you try booting original motherboard outside of the case?

[@fooferbob9230]

I wonder if it was the traces from the socket to the memory slots. Maybe broke when lifting by the cooler?

[@AdmrlSpeedy]

You'd be able to see if they were damaged. I'm pretty sure the person tried to flash the BIOS and somehow screwed it up because the only ways for all four DIMM slots to stop working are a failed CPU (or IMC on the CPU) or cut traces, as you said and I don't know how you would damage the traces for all 4 DIMM slots by installing the board into a case.

[@Mirra2003-f9s]

You could be right. Depends also what case that system used to be in. I had the same situation a few years ago with an AMD FX board,it was used in a cheap Zalman case and the board was bent because of the way that case was made. When i swapped it in a case that actually was keeping it flat,it only worked about 1 more week until it died (worked fine until i turned it off and never powered up ever again). It can also happen if you put in a heavier GPU that would warp the board and ruin the traces with time

[@khanbrandonward]

Hey Greg, I can tell you a story about a case swap that killed one of my systems: About 15 years ago I was moving my system from my old (Coincidence! Check out that top mounted fan on the system you just fixed) Apevia X-Jupiter S type to a new Cooler Master HAF-X. The system was in perfect working order before the switch, I changed no other hardware, but upon finishing the case swap, the system wouldn’t power on, I tried swapping the PSU, RAM, CPU, GPU, every combination of devices attached and unattached, nothing worked. This was far from the first system I had ever built, but nothing I could think of worked; eventually I resorted to buying a new motherboard, and guess what? That didn’t work either! I was at my wits end and finally reached out to a friend that was as good (possibly better, but I’ll deny that) with computers as me. We tested all of my hardware, everything was fine except the motherboards, they were both dead. Eventually we tore apart the case itself and when removing the front I/O plate and PCB from the case we discovered that it was assembled incorrectly at the factory! One of the solder legs from the power connector to the PCB had pierced through the ground wire running to the motherboard USB 2.0 header dumping voltage into it and cooking the boards. This we confirmed was the problem, I rebuilt the system with a different HAF-X; Cooler Master, after some “hemming and hawing”, eventually cut me a check to make me whole again for the money I had spent on parts that couldn’t be returned. Anyway, I hope this story is a helpful warning to everyone, check everything when building in a new case, you could save yourself some real heartache. Oh, and R.I.P. my DFI Lanparty DK P45-T2RS plus, I loved that board.

[@KRAVER_]

Very nice Salazar. Pretty much covered every question I had going through the video as they came. Details Nicely Done !!

[@AlcyoneHere]

my eyes immediately glued to the Zalman cooler. What an eye catcher.

[@pbjames]

Hey man I recently rewatched your clear cmos video as my pc was boot looping and it fixed it. You're a literal life saver 🙏

[@AdmrlSpeedy]

That means you changed something in the BIOS to cause the bootloop in the first place.

[@jacobp4153]

I don't watch a lot of "tech" type videos. With that being said, with this series, I'm actually excited every time I see you upload!

[@Arleer158]

Greg thank you for these videos. One of your videos led me to finding out I had a bad motherboard for my new build, after trying 2 different sets of RAM and another CPU, finally swapped the board for an identical one and everything worked like a dream. First faulty ASUS product I've ever had in 20 years of building!

[@archerbob6847]

I'd of built the system out out the case, I would have also looked for board flex where the weight of the CPU heatsink can cause a motherboard to flex especially if one does not have sufficient support under the board. The resulting shape of the board can take CPU pins out of sufficient contact with the CPU memory controllers/lanes resulting in the DRAM error. I've had this happen to multiple boards, one board after I took it out of its case and gently flattened it back worked perfectly again with no DRAM error. Hence these days I tend to look for ways to support my boards apart from the supplied standoffs such as little silicon stick-on feet in typically 3 or 4 targeted locations under the motherboard I find usually does the trick.

[@RANDOMNATION907]

I would have liked it if you would have bench tested his motherboard, just to be sure. Maybe you did and just didn't mention it. Regardless, Greg, you're a class act. Much respect from the Great State of Alaska. Stay warm.

[@tybread2997]

I would say I'm not too surprised. There is always weird stuff that happens. A couple of years ago, I went through trying to figure out why my PC kept rebooting itself. Swapped enough parts to build a couple PCs. Then later found out it was a faulty reset switch on the case. It was annoying, but I ended up building two decent ones with all the parts left over. Older parts were donated to help a kid who got a crappy deal on a used one.

[@muki_x]

It could be ESD damage

[@rangersmith4652]

I'm not convinced that mobo wasn't shorted in the case. Did you test it outside the case? I would have.

[@kikihun9726]

Sems like the memory voltage is missing. Check with a multimeter at the top right side coils.

[@carbon_no6]

I had a somewhat similar experience that the owner did. Expect, mine happened when I took my GTX 980 Ti out to remove the dust with an air can, but when I reinstalled my GPU the CPU (i7 6700K and an Asus Z170-A) decided it was going to overheat without actually getting hot. I didn’t touch as single component other than the GPU. The cooler I had for that CPU was an AIO in perfect working order. No damage to the CPU or motherboard caused by handling it. No overclock was applied to the CPU at the time either. When the system was on, the exhausted air from the CPU was pretty darn close to ambient temperatures. It limited it to 1 core at 800mhz. Not sure what caused it.

[@JoeBob79569]

I almost killed my motherboard once when swapping cases. One of the standoffs started rotating when I was loosening the motherboard screw, and it started lifting the corner of the motherboard. I wasn't paying full attention to it, until I heard a _crack_ and I absolutely freaked out, because I immediately knew that I stupideded more stupider than usual. But luckily the board worked fine afterwards. I think the reason was that I didn't pay enough attention to tightening the standoffs on day one, and I also had 2 different types of "motherboard screws", I might have been using a PSU screw instead, with slightly different threads, but they look the same. It's definitely good to double check everything, and immediately stop and check yourself if something feels off, like a mobo screw feeling a bit strange when tightening or loosening it.

[@EXOWill]

Had a M4A79T with an AMD Phenom II cpu. It was fine until I moved everything to a new case...(NO BOOT). Tried everything I could think of. Finally pulled everything out and bench tested and it worked fine. I reinstalled everything back into new case and it fired right up. Components can be so touchy sometimes.

[@milowadlin]

The first thing that comes to mind is static discharge. That is something that can happen just moving parts.

[@weedthepeople2795]

Its a shame when that happens, too, Im thinking the builder should have worn an anti-static bracelet like I did in the beginning....I fried more than a few when I first started

[@jeffpawlowski6119]

Love that I found your channel. Helped me get my PC up and running.

[@p00ner]

I noticed your Be quiet screwdriver. I love using that thing for working on my pc with the long reach.

[@romarmb.realtor]

It was the same issue with my previous motherboard, keep posting led light at dram, I think there is something blocking the electricity to get into to dram. Might be short circuit, but just I clean every dimm slot, and doing some single stick changing and testing in every slot then back all the stick and it get fixed.

[@anwa1973]

Good work. For future cases, remember that some motherboard manufacturers write in the manual that for a complete BIOS reset with the pins, the battery must also be removed. If the battery is left in, only the user settings are reset.

[@gcmanuel85x]

TNX, did not know this one.

[@xarups]

Cause of it is electrostatic discharge. An old trick I learned from people in the 90's , is to wrap it in aluminum foil, perforating it with the back soldering points if possible, from one day to another. This will discharge the entire board, capacitors, mofettes and etc and (clear) it. From what they say, it sort of realign electrons on its original form, solving the issue. Worth a try! Good luck.

[@gamerlifewith9918]

yay other one fix good job Greg , hate to ask but u did test the Motherboard out of the Case right ? , don't think it would make much of a difference but you never know lol

[@DjVortex-w]

I like the single non-color-matching RGB fan at the top.

[@crimsonleg4237]

Love seeing the Zalman cooler! I h a very the same one and it has been cooling my 3770k well for the past ten years.

[@RoseKindred]

Just got my first gaming PC today (intended for 3D modeling) and was working on it, then this video came out. Time to put the unit aside.

[@passion8059]

Another great video. Just a thought though is that the board has a swappable 8 pin bios chip. Could you not get a pre-programmed one to double check bios failure?

[@mnunez10]

I've had this happen before when swapping cases. The only fix I did to make it work was to buy a new motherboard and RMA the one that did not work. Also the debug leds were not lighting up. Now I will use it for test parts.

[@guiorgy]

One posible explanation for a dead motherboard after swapping cases is damage to the back of the motherboard when moving it to the new case by scraping it against the scree standoffs. FYI, I remember Linus from LTT mentioning that that had happened to him once. Another possibility is a standoff in an incorrect bore/hole could cause a short since the case is grounded. I'd double check the back of the board, and essentially the standoffs just to be sure. Also a quick question: Sometimes you come across motherboards without debug codes/LEDs, have you ever tried using a PCIe debug card? If yes, is there a reason you don't use them?

[@AdmrlSpeedy]

Why bother with a PCIe card when you can just plug in a $1 piezo speaker and listen to the beeps?

[@guiorgy]

@@AdmrlSpeedy pretty sure he's mentioned, if not in this video, in another, that he does try to plug them, but most of the time they don't beep at all.

[@VENOMTECH]

Maybe he roughed up the board a bit during the swap, might have bent it more than it could manage and damaged a trace internally?? Or maybe knocked off a small smd or capacitor without noticing?

[@Middcore]

Haven't seen one of those Zalman toilet brush coolers in years.

[@benefitthirteen]

We upgraded a system recently (3900X-5950X/32-64GB RAM) to gain a bit more longevity before moving past AM4, when the motherboard, an Aorus Master which had been working perfectly - bailed. We lost slot A2 completely, while B2 alone or A1 B1 in tandem caused the system to run like it needed a tune-up. Tested absolutely everything to no avail; I guess it just got tired. The pisser was that had I known we were going to drop another $300 on a MB, I may have just gone AM5 (though spending even more overall, and the whole point was not to do that).

[@bryans8656]

I always enjoy watching your troubleshooting process.

[@watts68au]

love your problem solving videos cheers from Melbourne Australia

[@liberteus]

Best series with best host is back! What's wrong this time? Hop in to learn something! Thanks Greg 😀

[@RVail623]

At 16:25 the bios version is 3703. The Asus web site has an updated version 3801: "Improved system performance. Updated Intel CPU microcode. Improved DRAM compatibility." Also: the CMOS battery could still be borderline defective, even though it showed 3.0+ volts with a volt meter. If it's the battery that was installed at the factory in Taiwan, it's now over 5 years old. A replacement I/O backplate for an Asus Z-170-E board is for sale on Ebay for $7.23, shipped free from China.

[@danmcgee6992]

i would still do a mainboard test outside the case just in case it's a odd short problem however unlikely

[@PunkFrost]

Just finally got rid of my activate windows watermark thanks to your promo code : ) Thanks greg

[@haosheng12]

If the case is new, sometimes stuff like front panel connectors being shorted or the front USB/audio, and that can prevent booting

[@soupwizard]

11:24 hey I have nearly that same Asrock board (got a model up from it, but looks nearly the same) - it's been really solid, super happy with it.

[@krmeadows0001]

I may have missed it, but I didn't see you set up the old motherboard outside the case.

[@kapeq2320]

One of the many reasons we love watching Science Studios. His vids like these are fun to watch

[@SuperDavidEF]

TIL "Greg Salazar" AKA "Science Studios" Never heard of that, so I looked it up and was confused for a second when THIS channel came back up!

[@doug4short]

Retired Navy Electronics Tech... I've killed a number of parts with ESD. Most tech reviewers don't really believe it's an issue, but the average person hasn't had the training techs go through. Plus winter is usually a time when electro static discharge is a high probability. (not too sure about winter temps/humidity in FL, but that's my guess)

[@scotty2775]

i had to clear cmos today to get my pc to work! 😁 thanks to greg and his FoF series 🙌

[@GregSalazar]

Yay! Glad it was an easy fix!

[@scotty2775]

@GregSalazar me too! i tried an older gpu in my system to test it and when i put my original gpu back in, i had no post and the vga light stayed lit on the motherboard. thanks greg.

[@yotoprules9361]

@@GregSalazar A bit of a weird one, I built a PC for someone, a week later it stopped working, had to reset CMOS and it worked again, and it's worked ever since! Not seen this issue happen so soon.

[@BOXthief]

Can we get this guy to 1 million subs already!! Love Greg's content!

[@esteban1973]

I had a similar problem once and the io shield aluminum tab was shorting out the Ethernet port because it ended up inside instead of behind. Once I fixed that, everything worked fine.

[@NYCamper62]

That clear stripper heel fan is the real problem Cheers!

[@ShimejiiGaming]

My MSI Board, x99 Gaming 9 ACK, Had a similar issue where it simply Died without an obvious issue, and it kept spewing out DRAM. The last thing i did was plugged a USB wifi card in, and voila it killed it. No zaps, no bad smells, just simply dead and refused to boot.

[@robertanderson5735]

Another great video, awesome job troubleshooting. Always look forward to these videos. Makes me paranoid doing stuff on my pc sometimes, but also gives me the confidence, if anything goes haywire. Thanks Greg!

[@mikefellhauer3350]

I recently built a PC where the case fried BOTH the motherboard AND the power supply! YES, all the standoffs were in the proper place and I didn't do anything stupid (I used to be a pro tech, nothing obvious shorted)! Ditched the case and installed the new motherboard and power supply in a different case, and had no issues. Never bothered to figure out why the case shorted out the motherboard as I was to upset (although now I wished I had gone after the case manufacturer to recoup my costs).

[@PacketWrangler]

I've seen this before. User first installed the board in to the case without standoffs. I'm guessing it shorted a bunch of components? Another time I saw this was indeed an issue with the CMOS battery, which I totally missed. The board was making a loud whine like a cap was going. Ordered a new board which did not come with a battery, popped the old battery in to the new board, and the issue followed it. New battery went in, problem solved - but the issue remained with the old board even with a new battery. Super weird.

[@kurokamideri]

Hi Greg! I recently found your channel as I was looking up stuff about computers because I want to build my very own for the first time! I've learned so much from you and I just wanted to thank you for making your videos so informative!

[@rodhester2166]

wonder when someone is going to start 3d print patterns for rear io shields.. I wonder if that would work.

[@Lonnie-Rustyclaw]

From one Floridian to another, great videos btw and I gave the link for a windows key and I hope it helps the channel. :)

[@nitt3rz]

I have learnt that you ALWAYS test boot a m/board before putting in a case; however sketchy the set-up, get to the BIOS & you know you have to rip it all apart later on.

[@poproxxx82]

All that work.... and the exhaust fan still isn't spinning. 🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣 good job tho man.

[@Katjaneway]

I had an Asus x570 board that I had used for about 3 months before buying a new case. When I switched cases, the board completely died. I had tried different power supplies etc but I couldn't even get the chipset fan to spin on power up. Completely toast. The only thing I could figure had to been a static discharge that killed the board because I was not being safe with the swap - wearing socks on carpet etc. Don't know what else it could have been. Super weird.

[@dakoderii4221]

I put over 450watts through that same PSU. It still works and has a lovely smokey smell now.

[@subbookkeeper]

I was thinking about taking a photo of that rear IO on motherboard. Then printing it on a paper to the exact dimensions and sticking to some aluminium sheet. Then just use some drills and dremel to make matching holes. It would take probably few hours but it would work.

[@lvc394]

My bet is static shock to the motherboard or something got shorted on metal in the new case.

[@XxLogo]

My guess would be static shock killed an IC on the mobo, easy to do and you don't even need to feel it for it to be damaging

[@Tankbot85]

Those Zalman coolers were so cool back in the day.

[@kamikazelw4243]

always try outside the case though... did you try that

[@kenkiraxujieqiang4556]

Never use metallic pencils or rulers, or wear rings or metal watchbands when working with electrical equipment. This rule is very easy to forget, especially when you are showing some electrical part pointing with metallic pencil.

[@EldaLuna]

amazing how even a simple case swap things can go wrong these days. on an unrelated note here though. i got my 5700G apu replacement today and i learned the store i buy from known as memory express (kind of like a canadian version of micro center in a sense) and they were telling me that they seen a fair bit of failure of amd cpu's as well and that they mentioned they store a crud load of new stock in the service area cause of the constant failures that happen... makes me wonder how much of this is going on in the background at each store not often talked about, i thought id bring this up as it seems even the 5000 series are not as safe either.

[@codycroosh3073]

Silly question but did u try to fire it up outside of the case with a different psu/reconnected psu? Maybe something happened when he plugged the cables in? And they just needed unplugged/reconnected?

[@GTFour]

Might be worth getting an external clip on bios flasher. Sometimes the bios just corrupts itself and you get these weird errors.

[@mstrwil73]

I got a 5700G that doesn't want to display. From what I'm getting from research, it's a Windows and AMD display adapter fight. Wish I could send it to you because I'm at wits end with it.

[@masogames4868]

Thank you for helping people.

[@GregSalazar]

Thank you for watching! It's the only reason I'm able to help!

[@ReiwaMagi]

I have that exact Z170 Pro gaming Aura. Still going strong! Its unfortunate that his failed :(

[@dennissmith1435]

Continue to love this series! Brilliant! Keep it up!

[@maximumsim]

At 16:59 it looks like a hole has been drilled through the board and has damaged some traces.

[@levipengilley8644]

so far i love the videos and fixes, i currently have a problem with my pc it has a memory management windows stop code, crashes often, just trying to figure out what to do :/ keep up the great work Greg!

[@kamisarma]

I fiddled at one time with my motherboard because I was installing RGB strips... after a while the PC started behaving oddly. I kept restarting it, still not working properly. Then fiddled again with the MB and then it would give me a black screen. Then I tried looking at connections again... and then it wouldn't even start anymore at all. I sent the MB and CPU to warranty and they sent me back the CPU, but the MB took 3 weeks and they finally gave me the full price back and I bought another MB. So it is definitely possible to break your MB just by handling it, or just bad luck

[@jernigan007]

rewatching the series. i'm laid off from work. playing progressive breakbeat music while watching. hi from 2024 aug

[@twitchbully5652]

Idk if this is a real solution or not but it did work for me. My motherboard was showing DRam light and no display out. So i cleaned the ram slot area with air and it started to work for some reason.

[@tricogustrico]

Aye the magic of static electricity.

[@daniel_wilkinson]

17:03 It looks like there's a wet spot of some sort just below the cpu socket. It kind of looks like there's lint stuck to it. Based on no other information than that, I suspect soda damage.

[@Feetfetishman]

makes me wonder if it was either a spill and he tried to clean it up or static maybe

[@CrazyLegsFE]

Haven't finished the video but I've seen people forget to check the standoff layout of their board and they leave one that's not required that presses against something on the back of the board.

[@alsy342]

Im still using this CPU in my rig :D but with GTX 1070, still works like a champ

[@cpt.flamer7184]

What cooler do you have in your personal pc? It looks dope. Last time you had an Asus aio, but this air cooler is crazy good looking. Can it handle 13900k with no issues?

[@DaggTXS]

I had a similar issue, it drove me crazy, spent a few hours trying everything, and nothing worked. Then I took everything out of the case, plugged everything in and surprise! It worked! Then put everything back in the case ....and again, it worked.....so what the issue was i will never know....btw it was working fine before suddenly having the dram light on....so no clue what was wrong. That said, maybe try his motherboard with different components it might be fine.

[@CeNe10]

I have the exact same issue right now, and one member from Tom’s Hardware forum replay to my issue post and told me about this video. Currently, I am waiting for my new mobo + CPU. (I don't have another mobo or CPU to try on before ordering) My cpu is R9 3900x and mobo is x570 Aorus Ultra :(

[@maolcogi]

I once rebuilt my computer and plugged in a VGA cable into the 8-pin EPS slot. It didn't turn on, I was super scared, the power supply even made popping noises. It was scary.

[@3rekd]

I’m going to have to move in or around the Orlando area just to have this kind of tech support haha

[@johnpaulbacon8320]

Great job. As for using the AMD Wraith cooler on an Intel machine - I don't see any issue with doing that. AMD motherboards have some intel based technologies _ Ethernet ; Wifi ; maybe even Thunderbolt depending on the Model. Since the Original AMD Wraith cooler was probably the "Best" Pack-In Cooler which rivalled some of the more entry level Air-Coolers - why not use it.

[@lvmarv1]

Because it doesn't fit?

[@johnpaulbacon8320]

@@lvmarv1 You could probably modify the mounting brackets to the intel needed ones.