Forgotten Battle of Thermopylae: The Celtic Invasion of Greece

After spreading throughout Europe, Celts had been threatening Macedon and northern Greek states for years when a Celtic leader decided to invade. And just as the Spartans had done in 480 BC, a coalition of Greeks marched to meet them at Thermopylae. The ancient pass would once again be the site of a battle for the future of Greece.
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This is original content based on research by The History Guy. Images in the Public Domain are carefully selected and provide illustration. As very few images of the actual event are available in the Public Domain, images of similar objects and events are used for illustration.
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Script by JCG
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[@StuSaville]

There was another battle of Thermopylae in 1941 when two brigades of Australians and New Zealanders held the pass for a couple of days to delay the advance of two German divisions.

[@budahbaba7856]

I have often argued that given time, AS & NZ would have defeated Imperial Japan on their own with minimal western aid -just raw resources. The over arching Japanese strategy was honestly just that stupid! They were engaged in an internal power struggle that forced them to constantly expand, yet they had no safety valve they could push to call a time out. All they could do was keep escalating a war they could never hope to win, even when it was only China as their enemy. What a f@cked up stupid mess Imperial Japan was!

[@TheSticlizard]

@@brianmccarthy5557 And the U.S. Navy

[@mcuddy799]

@@budahbaba7856 not to mention that the Japanese navy would have gladly fought against its own army.

[@lewtscott3346]

The 2nd ANZAC to be exact defended the Pass of Thermopylae on 24 - 25 April (ANZAC Day) 1941 and knocked out 15 panzers, allowing the British time to run back to their ships :p

[@freddieclark]

@@poetryflynn3712 Throughout the war the Japanese kept the vast majority of their army in China, hardly 'temporary'.

[@joelellis7035]

These Celts had a lot of Gaul to attack the Greeks.

[@navret1707]

Booooo. 😂

[@nikburton9264]

Damn! That really stunk!

[@joelellis7035]

@@nikburton9264 Yeah, I really need kids for it to be an appropriate Dad joke.

[@allensacharov5424]

brilliant

[@mamdhata1614]

Ha ha ha

[@julierobertson9397]

Once again you've introduced me to a pivotal event in history that I had never heard of. I'm so glad I found your channel!

[@tobyihli9470]

I appreciate the fact that you informed us that the Celts were synonymous with the Gauls. I never knew that. In a way, that clears up some things while at the same time causing confusion about others.

[@catinthehat906]

I wish American historians would stop referring to 'England' as a proxy for Britain and Ireland - 1:03. Particularly as Celtic languages survive in Wales, Scotland and Ireland.

[@christianfreedom-seeker934]

Also the Celts called themselves "Gaels" and to the Anglo-Saxon ear "Gael" sounded like "Wael" or what we now say: "Welsh"

[@johndees4997]

@@ursamajor7468 false. Barbarian is a Greek word and they used it for all outsiders, including the celts. Celt also may have been a Greek word and eventually the celts may have continued the use of the term. The romans called the Gauls as celts and people in Spain Celto-Iberians. Plutarch referred to the Germanic Cimbri as Celto-Scythians.

[@wasyertakeawaythaturmadeofcorn]

Voices of the Past has two really interesting videos on Caesar's writings about the Gauls/Celts(Druids.) "Caesar on the Druids" is particularly interesting. And just to throw it out there, cuz I can, my understanding is those folks are the lost Hebrew tribes, and at least 5 made their way over to the Great Lakes region. ... red hair anyone? Oh and you folks take care of that number business, or change it to 847.

[@fredflintlocks9445]

​​​​@@catinthehat906common americans are as poorly educated on the geography of the british isles as the common brit is of american geography, but its not exactly arcane knowledge, usually the UK is used to refer to the country proper, including north ireland, scotland and wales, and most americans are aware of the distinction between the islands of ireland and britain at minimum, there are of course more people of irish decent in america than in their homelands

[@CwL-1984]

Awesome job, I have never heard about this until now.

[@stevedietrich8936]

Very good. Yet another battle lost in the mists of history.

[@ltd2372]

Another great History lesson I did not know about. Thank you. Have been lucky enough to travel the world over a couple times. U S Navy Retired. One of the biggest lessons I learned from those expirences was the history of all the places I have traveled to. Always looking for new history to enjoy.

[@dinomagick]

Congrats on 1M Subs!! WTG!! My eldest son is a very huge history buff. He studies the anthropology of the people at the time in history he's investigating as well as the geology and geography!! "Full Bore Mode" we call it. LOL. I was kind of a pretty good Geologist, aka before having 4 kids, so He would also include me in his research. "The geography and geology has a huge impact on how a civilization develops." he said.

[@richardmourdock2719]

@tara misteria: This retired geologist agrees with geology impacting civilization. It is a very young science compared to others, but the actual geology of "place" defines what resources are present (or not), soil fertility, water quality, minerals such as salt. Though seldom noted, if it were not for the geology of the United States, we would have never become a world power as we did. Virtually independent for all basic industrial needs in the 19th Century.

[@dennisud]

Not only did I study the Peloponnesian Wars but I taught this in my History classes as well! THIS battle though wasn't mentioned!

[@tomlee7956]

The reason for this is that the Battle of Thermopylae took place in 480BC but the Peloponnesian Wars took place between 431 and 404BC

[@tedjones3955]

Thank you HG. When I get up in the morning I look for something intelligent to watch. Thank God HG is always there.

[@MarkVrem]

Probably completely off because of 200 years of separation. But every time I hear how Caesar found a library of Greek works in the lands of the Helvetii (Gauls in Switzerland). I used to imagine that was some of the spoils that came out of these Greek invasions. .. But the Greeks also had a colony in Marseilles France which would technically be a lot closer to Switzerland. Probably the more likely source of exchange.

[@davymckeown4577]

David Abulafia, in his book, "The Boundless Sea" claims that the Greeks founded Marseilles. It's Greek name is very similar to the modern name, unfortunately I no longer have the book to check what that was.

[@Zorglub1966]

​@@davymckeown4577 It was Massalia. in French, until the XIXth century there is no strict rule for the spelling of proper names (persons and places), but the people of Marseille are very very very proud and do not support what is not Marseille and especially that one adds an S at the end of Marseille, they are madmen, bullies, they consider all the non-marseillais as Parisians, and they hate the Parisians 🤣

[@davymckeown4577]

@@Zorglub1966 Thanks for the info, it would seem that humans are willing to kill each other over names or perceived crimes committed by long dead ancestors. In my own country you are at risk of violence if you refer to Londonderry as Derry or Derry as Londonderry because of a siege in 1689. I was recently in the Scottish highlands and a pub called the Clachaig Inn, Glencoe has a sign above the door stating, No Hawkers or Campbells. This is a reference to the massacre of the Macdonald clan in 1692 by Williamite supporters lead by Clan Campbell. Humans are messed up. (some of us, I should say) Good luck.

[@davymckeown4577]

@@brianmccarthy5557 A little presumptuous there Brian, you no nothing of my ancestry and I nothing of yours. By the way, the English invaded Ireland a few hundred years before 1689. Around a millennia after the previous attempt by an obscure race of Celts to conquer the island. A conquest no doubt any less bloody than any other.

[@davymckeown4577]

@@brianmccarthy5557 You seem quite naïve, protestants in Europe didn't have a monopoly on atrocities . You may have heard of the inquisition or the thirty years war, hardly a picnic. Comparing events from hundreds of years ago to the holocaust illustrates your ignorance. Northern Ireland wasn't neutral during WW2, Northern Ireland's leaders didn't offer their condolences when Hitler committed suicide and allow the swastika to be flown at half mast in their legation in Lisbon. Belfast suffered the largest loss of life in a single night during the blitz because we were fighting the Nazis, not waiting to pick a side when the fighting was over. Racism exists amongst all groups in Ireland, as it does in every country on the planet. Whilst I'm on countries and colonialism, the English didn't invent the concept. In Europe it began when homo sapiens stole the land which belonged to the Neanderthals and the idea caught on. Veni, Vidi, Vici

[@-jeff-]

I'd like to think Zeus obejected. Perhaps the Celts should have visited the oracle before they had the gall to attack?

[@SteveFrench_420]

Did you mean "before they had the Gaul to attack"? Buh duh bum.

[@-jeff-]

@@SteveFrench_420 Oh that took some Gaul! (Bravo).

[@qarmatianwarhorse6028]

Celts were huge for that period, standing at 6'+ and completely awed the Greeks who regarded them as giants.

[@fetus2280]

Which are my ancestors, they were also know as the Warriors with Snakes for Hair . Dreadlocks .

[@qarmatianwarhorse6028]

@@fetus2280 Norsemen also braided their hair and beards, from what I remember. Must be a Western/Northern European thing.

[@thesame4076]

The dehumanizing depictions make them look very apelike

[@hankvandenakker4271]

@@thesame4076 THUS IT WAS AND IS WHEN WAR IS A FACTOR. IF IT IS A MATTER OF "KILL OR BE KILLED" - NOTHING, ABSOLUTELY NOTHING IS FORBIDDEN!

[@fetus2280]

@@qarmatianwarhorse6028 The Celts lived There too, along with Germany, Farance etc . its more of a generic term for those that werent Super far north like Norway etc . Just putting a slew of tribes into one name . We call them celts they didnt call themselves that afaik . But yes the Danes and others would Braid . Tell you, having locks and living in a cold climate as i do its great, its a layer of insulation for both my head and my body so i can see why someone would do this there and more so back then when you needed all the help you could muster to survive . Cheers mate .

[@gabrielsandoval4994]

I wondered once how a disorganized army like the Celts or the Vikings would fare against a determined and disciplined army like the Greeks and their phalanx. This historical event proves what I had imagined would happen in such a scenario.

[@keithbartlett6708]

Thank you

[@jimparsons6803]

It's true, this is the first time that I have heard about this fight. My thanks for the presentation.

[@Shadowace724]

I love learning something new to me, Thank You.

[@frankgulla2335]

Thank you for reminding me about the forgotten battle of Thermopylae. Great story.

[@joshsalwen]

I love learning new things!

[@David.Anderson]

Good job as always

[@lauracollier457]

Another great video! Ty sir! 🙂 👍

[@shawnr771]

Thank you for the lesson.

[@notthefbi7932]

You had me at the title 🤯 Never heard of this

[@davecook8378]

Great that they got some black and white photos of the Celts preparing for action.

[@mikemodugno5879]

I love the videos that cover lesser known battles of history. They have to be my favorites on your channel. As a suggestion, I would love to see a video about the battle of Talas River in 751 A.D.

[@JuanRivera-wm2um]

History comes alive by you sir!

[@larrybomber83]

Great Story. Thank You.

[@MarshOakDojoTimPruitt]

thanks

[@J.A.Smith2397]

Tks for great history!!

[@rondaly8109]

Will spoken thank you

[@thomasrennirt5458]

Another great vid from THG

[@beachboy0505]

Excellent video The Celtics/ Gaulic people shaped Europe and parts of Asia Minor.

[@janebrown1706]

Thank you for reminding everyone of us Aussies xxxx

[@mikepette4422]

I'm glad you had photos from the period. Its amazing the celts had such sophisticated cameras back then but we should all be thankful for the records they did keep even if they were only visual and not written 😜😜

[@TheHistoryGuyChannel]

Those are, apparently, reenactors. I wish I knew the story behind the pics.

[@gus473]

Episode idea: There's an old open-copper-wire telephone line that runs along Bright Angel Trail, from the rim down to the little settlement at the bottom of the Grand Canyon. It's on the registry of national historical places! Was still tended by a mule-riding employee of Mountain Bell Telephone in the late 1980s! Actually a pretty fun story..... 🤠

[@kell4674]

This may be rubbish, but I've always held a private theory that democracy was not 'invented' by classical Greece, but rather borrowed from the ancient Celtic political structure. Celtic chieftains (or kings), for the most part, did not automatically inherit the leadership, but were elected after a nomination process. As there was much interaction between Greece and the Celts through trade and other means, it's quite possible that classical Greek intellectuals came to see Celtic 'democracy' as a viable option. Of course, Celtic 'democracy' was not all that democratic, as only nobles could be selected and the elections were only open to the Celtic elites. But then, Greek democracy in the beginning was much the same. However, the classical Greeks had the resources to claim democracy as their own invention. Just a theory.

[@nikburton9264]

It's a good theory though. Definitely a viable one.

[@scottabc72]

Most 'tribal' peoples have had many elements of what we call democracy in self-governance, everything from councils of elders to direct democracy etc... has been seen in present and historic peoples across the world. In many peoples a 'chief' often wasnt even present except in times of war or possible war.

[@constipatedinsincity4424]

Back in the Saddle again!

[@blueoceanyachtbroker]

You are the first person that talk about Illyrian, except the Albanian, any history on Illyrian it would be great to hear about it, XAIPE

[@TheHistoryGuyChannel]

kzbin.info/www/bejne/bZC5pKl5jpaVq8U

[@thaddaeusrobinson4239]

As always a great informative video. Thank you as always for posting these!

[@yitzchakmordechai]

can't resist....ONE. helps w the algorithm. :)

[@sunjamm222]

Interesting part of history. So for me that now makes 3 battles of Thermopylae. 300 Spartans, Celtic invasion and the retreat of British forces in world war 2.

[@gnome53]

For more battles there, start from the Wikipedia article on Thermopylae.

[@punditgi]

Great story. Rhe Greeks sure had it rough!

[@FirstLast-dm7hv]

Larry Bird and Kevin McHale were awesome that night. Each scored 25 points and had 6 assists each. Dennis Johnson chipped in 9 assists while Danny Ainge had PMS cramps on the sidelines.

[@robpeel9414]

Another Celt topic that others may find interesting and relevant to our times is how many Celtic chiefs and hierarchy sold out their tribes by accepting personal gifts and favors from the Romans for land and trade. There is nothing new under the sun.

[@ajnormandgroome]

Fun opening

[@ProperLogicalDebate]

I had heard that they were moving west because a stronger force was taking what was their land being forced of their land by a still stronger force that was pushing in from the east.

[@billd9667]

Love the custom intros! Compliments to your “better half”.

[@scottadams2624]

Thank you for the great episode. Had always heard of Colts on the Med., but didn't understand how they might have ended up there. Thank you for the insight!

[@promontorium]

I started reading about the Celts about 25 years ago and I understand them less now than I did when I started. The more I try, the less anything makes sense. There are only a few anchors I've noticed that seem to assert their existence, the most pronounced in my opinion is that there are cities or regions named "Galacia, Galatia, Galicia, etc. across all of Europe, these words all clearly related; Gael, Gaul, Gaelic, Celtic, Kell, etc.

[@Simonsvids]

"There are only a few anchors I've noticed that seem to assert their existence" I am a Celt and I assure you I am here!

[@ciarandoyle4349]

I've always noticed that Gallia, Gael, Kelts, Celts all seem to be the same word. I've also noticed that the Roman names of European towns ending "dun(um)" seem to preserve the Gaelic "Dún", fortress, as in the modern name of the place where I live, Dún Laoghaire. However, the word order becomes reversed: Singidunum (Belgrade), Dún Chaoin (Dunquin).

[@matchrocket1702]

I was a poor reader when I was young and in elementary school. But I found a book in the library with a title "Thirteen Greatest Battles in History" or something like that. It totally captured my attention. The one battle that gripped me the most was the first battle of Thermopylae. Soon after I read that account an advertisement for the movie "The 300 Spartans" began playing on TV. I told my brother we have to see that movie. We did and I wasn't disappointed. Yesterday I ordered the Blu-ray version of that movie.

[@jerryrandall6888]

Seriously off topic, but there is a piece of history that deserves to be remembered that I would like The History Guy to cover. The Manilimen in Louisiana, the first Asian and the first Filipino colony in the USA. Oh, and I did enjoy the Celtic Invasion of Greece episode...

[@howardking3601]

Keep it up, History Guy! Really interesting stuff.

[@MagisterCobb]

I enjoy your channels and your videos, but as a Latin Teacher, I really enjoy your videos about the ancient world.

[@DonBair]

I've always associated with my Scottish heritage, but thanks to your lesson today, I'm also (to a degree) Celtic. That's pretty cool, thanks!

[@kennyhagan5781]

This channel never disappoints me. 🏆

[@eatbolt42]

Finally, some ancient history. Love these.

[@4gegtyreeyuyeddffvyt]

You’re the fake Matthew Fox! I’m going to take you to court!

[@mikemodugno5879]

Absolutely fascinating. Thanks for this video.

[@loke6664]

Wearing bronze and iron armor and weapons in a thunderstorm isn't great, no wonder people thought the Gods were involved.

[@brenblain1981]

Thank you so much for a forgotten battle. I truly enjoy your videos.

[@J.A.Smith2397]

Holy heck actually caught one 8 min instead of 4 hrs ago!!!

[@Tikimaninohio]

Just love the way you tell the story

[@arjunlonewolf]

Awesome

[@tadroid3858]

You have the coolest job ever! Thanks for sharing. These bits make my day.

[@brianscraper7433]

Great video! Thank you for sharing!🙏

[@KelpieDog]

Yet another excellent presentation.

[@jasonz7788]

THANK YOU

[@elcastorgrande]

Filled in a major gap. Good job, THG!

[@twitchentropy7786]

Very nice History Guy, what astonishes me is why the Celts were sucked into that pass at Thermopylae to begin with - perhaps they felt their overwhelming advantage in men would prevail?

[@justaguy6100]

Wow you've really upgraded your intro graphics, kudos!

[@MerrimanDevonshire]

Video Titles that are Algorithm Busters... never change THG. Ad for Dell on 17JAN22.

[@SydBat]

Saw a documentary a few years ago about the Celts. Possibly from the BBC (or ITV?). The theory presented, via compelling new evidence, is that the Celts originated in Ireland and then spread into mainland Europe.

[@donb7113]

The storms that struck the Celt’s reminds me of the tornado and storms that struck the British forces in Washington DC during the War of 1812.

[@Simonsvids]

Yes us Celts have had an ongoing feud with the god of thunder for some time now. You should come to Wales during one of the winter storms!

[@hankvandenakker4271]

OH, I'M GOING TO CONVERT THIS INTO A 'BAR-BET'. I BET IT'LL BE AS SUCCESSFUL AS MY 'CENTRIPITAL FORCE' ONE. THANKS HISTORY GUY, THOUGH THERE WERE NO PIRATES, GREAT HISTORY!

[@constipatedinsincity4424]

He's got his gaul !

[@jameskerr3258]

Never heard of this. Great video!

[@Megatog615]

i really like the photos taken of this era!

[@honeysucklecat]

I didn’t forget this one I’ve never heard of it!

[@silmarilasmr6801]

loved this! I didn't know about this battle.

[@richardcleveland8549]

Interesting. You did a great job putting this together, considering how unreliable even the best ancient sources were. Most of the estimates of troop strength on both sides were doubtless inflated for propaganda purposes - to make the defenders look braver and the enemy fiercer and more numerous. Certainly hundreds were multiplied into thousands and thousands into tens of thousands . . . but it makes for a better story. But this does make me wonder, though, whether the Celts left written records of their own, like some of the later invaders such as the Goths. (All well and good, HG, but WHERE is the cat in the tuxedo??)

[@robertgotschall1246]

I had not known that the Goths left written records, thanks. I've always wondered why the Vandals got such a bad rap, but the Goths came off not so badly. But yes, propaganda could make that happen.

[@knightowl3577]

It is a little known fact that the Celts were the first to have group photographs taken!

[@noyfub]

Go tell the Spartans. Hadn't heard of this one.

[@topcatseriosblack8396]

Hard to believe seems like conflicts were inflated into huge battles . Would like to see the physical evidence of these and other such great conflicts !

[@sciencenate]

I wonder if you intended your comment to sound condescending…

[@fortusvictus8297]

There's pretty significant physical evidence from archeology, but the general numbers rule for all of ancient history applies: Divide by 10. Even today, in SW Asia numbers are often inflated by 10. I am not sure why. But if someone says '40 men came to our village and put an IED on the road' they mean 4. Its just a quirk you get used to.

[@topcatseriosblack8396]

I found some evidence ! And its still very conflicting a couple of coins which could have been from trade small amount of bones and weapons that could have came about that area from many instances. Condescending yes these romanticized conflicts were verified through the social medias of there time just as now 20,000 people and they evidence of there travel should be abundant from beginning to end animals food writings of the travel itself. Runners well known of that time with definitive information . But instead stories in comparison to Sampson on the battle field . And all history of any other continent's described as primitive if not of European origin. Bunch of propaganda while all those cultures were mixing at that time there so called celts and gals in that Roman army and vice versa ! Women and animals to start a new settlement . So they say so how was this a big battle ! It was a slaughter.and I believe far less than 20,000people the evidence shows it would be way less probably under a thousand to be able to move as fast as recorded this would show by the first and second world war movements in the same area ! I believe romanticized just like all the conflicts before and after. A roman mask being found wow Egyptian artifacts have been found in the Colorado river caves close to were I am doesn't mean they Egyptian's had a great conflict with so called American Indians . Trade and ambushes on new settlements and settlers are and were way more common than they romanticized spin old scribes put on there writings.

[@topcatseriosblack8396]

@@fortusvictus8297 I just put a public comment up that agrees with your comment. The writings are usually propaganda to spur fourth nations to move on conflicts from the information I just researched these were animals men and women that sounds like settlers to me with a small force for protection. There were other Romans over time that went into that same area with real soldiers I believe ones nam was saint Marcus . He had mercy on them and was murdered by the nation he served the Romans . This is well documented so the gals had a way better fighting force thousands of years earlier these things don't match . There's alot more to this than meets they eye !

[@jacksnyder7318]

Seventy seven years ago the biggest manmade catastrophe of war ravaged the world, somewhere in the vicinity of sixty million people died and the destruction was unimaginable. There are people today already denying that it happened as reported. I guess we will always have nay sayers that have to be arbitrary. There is little physical evidence left of WW2 today, in a hundred or a thousand years there will be almost nothing, in several thousands of years it will be stories to entertain the people. You will never verify the events of ancient times perfectly, so the only solace is to understand two things, what is mankind's nature and what are his tools, that, with what you see today, tells one, the most likely truth of yesterday. The nature of mankind hasn't changed and the tools were formidable, so what of the population numbers ? this would be enough to accurately deduce the events of any ancient battlefield.

[@edm2822]

The Larry Bird era Celtics were truly great! …seriously though, this is a great channel. It’s a shame that the ancient Celts didn’t keep their own history.

[@studinthemaking]

Never heard of this battle.

[@OmniumOwl]

Reminds me of the Persian invasion a long time before. The Persian's first assault was destroyed in the sea by a storm. That was an important blow that affected the rest of the war that saw Persia unable to conquer Greece.

[@Brandazzo22]

HISTORYYYY GUYYYYY!!!!

[@fortusvictus8297]

This the same period the Celts (Gauls) set up a country in Asia Minor? I believe it became known as Galacia and is the name of a book in the New Testament from letters written by Paul to the region.

[@lizj5740]

The History Guy mentions Galacia in this video.

[@constipatedinsincity4424]

Hey Playboy 👋, I have a question for you. Do you and History Gal have a song as a couple? 🎵

[@rickharold7884]

Awesome story

[@juliusseizure3039]

I like you my guy, I was looking at your logo and mistook the G for a C. Needless to say: I am succulent.

[@brianwillerton8659]

You might investigate Mickey Free and his Relationship with the Army, the Apaches, his Mexican Heritage and...his relationship to the Apache Kid, be careful to weed through the falsehoods, as they are there.

[@TheHistoryGuyChannel]

kzbin.info/www/bejne/p5W7dZiGZ5VorLs

[@jamesmoss3424]

This invasion is new to me.

[@Theire1]

good evening sir

[@kevinferrin5695]

Mind blown

[@neilhardy8211]

Have you looked at Alcibiades quite a lad!

[@equesdeventusoccasus]

Since you have made one video about Brennus, can you make one about his forces sacking Rome & being paid 1000 lbs of gold to leave? I'm sure there's a lot more to that story.

[@Zorglub1966]

Have you considered taking a specific topic and turning it into a series of following episodes? I'm sure you'd do just fine. To be honest, it's because your regulars videos are too short and you're a very good story teller!😁

[@NomadTail]

I love your content 🙂

[@mikemcintosh9933]

I did not know that!

[@1LSWilliam]

The British attack on Washington DC in the War of 1812 was similarly thwarted by unprecdented storms. Do you doubt that too?

[@duanepigden1337]

The brits won that battle. What storm?