Did Oil Make Norway Rich?

Use code Freda at the link below to get an exclusive 60% off an annual Incogni plan: incogni.com/freda
Growing up in Norway you're inundated with the idea that Norway was dirt-poor until the discovery of oil in 1969, but this is a really misleading picture.
Bibliography:
Å. Cappelen, et. al. “Leting etter olje og gass: Effekter på norsk økonomisk velferd” (2024)
Greenpeace Norge, “11 ting equinor ikke vil du skal vite” greenpeace.org, Feb. 24th, 2023.
B. Haugan, “Forsker: så lite gir det å lete videre etter olje” vg.no, Sep. 11th, 2023.
K. Heidar, “Elites on Trial: Norway” (2001)
H. Heldahl, “MDG ut mot “oljepropaganda og grønnvasking” fra Equinor” nettavisen.no, 09.09.21.
M. Rasmussen & C. Knutsen “Reforming to Survive” (2022)
B. Risan, “Ulovlig Overvåket” Mar. 19th, 2003. Nrk.no
P. Sandvik, “Nasjonens Velstand 2. ed.” (2022)
L. Sangolt, et. al. “Norway: Nature, Industry and Society” (2013)
O. Skauby, “Stopp i leting etter olje og gass har en høy pris” sodir.no, Mar. 11th, 2024. (updated 06.05.2024)
O. Stugu, “Norsk Historie: Etter 1905” (2012)
S. Wilhelmsen, “Equinor produserer 0,15 prosent fornybar energi”
greenpeace.org, Mar. 22nd, 2024.
#history #norway #oil
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[@FreddaYT]

Use code Freda at the link below to get an exclusive 60% off an annual Incogni plan: incogni.com/freda

[@matoustrefil948]

also russia should be red

[@SergeantAradir]

Would find it great if you could clearly mark ads with at least a visual marker.

[@sweetpea428]

(full of oil revenues voice) uhh it’s actually not the oil

[@sweetpea428]

step 1: cover yourself in oil step 2: dig up the rotten fish you buried last year and have dinner step 3: social democracy

[@FreddaYT]

@@sweetpea428 Norway was like a de facto one-party social democratic state until right before the discovery of oil with the Labour Party ruling with an absolute majority from 1945 to 1965 (with a 1 month period in 1963 when they lost power). The social democratic welfare state was built before oil.

[@LaugeHeiberg]

​@@FreddaYTcap 🧢

[@brandonm2286]

@@FreddaYTWhat about the rotten fish though?

[@mattihaapoja8203]

Yes but the state was not rich until Oil. ​@@FreddaYT

[@nonametobeshown]

It’s always fascinating how other norwegians react when they’re shown how relatively rich we were even before the oil. It’s one of those things people struggle to believe when you tell them

[@HER3411]

I think you are single handedly responsible for getting me interested in economic history

[@idonnow2]

economic history will get you knowing far more about economics in a much shorter period of time than "economics" ever will

[@jonasastrom7422]

But you're not really, you're listening to someone with confirmation bias looking for stats to make a narriative. When socialism fails, you can always pretend capitalist successes were actually socialist.. lol

[@EmmaWithoutOrgans]

@@idonnow2God I wish this was true, but, god it is useless without Karl Marx

[@idonnow2]

@@EmmaWithoutOrgans True actually. Some of the best economic history i've read was indeed from a marxist approach and i didn't even know that until way later. Nevertheless the marixst tradition is actually empirically based, so studying how economies actually work and develop historically still has a chance to get you closer to marxist intuitions, and further away from the nonsensical fairytales of econ textbooks

[@dzarko55]

I hope I didn’t miss you mentioning these, but here are two more facts: - Europe’s first (and the worlds second) hydroelectric dam was made in northern Norway to provide lighting for a nickel mine (Hamn, Senja) - Norway is a huge producer of ferroalloys; we’re 3rd in silicon, 3rd in ferromanganese and silicomanganese, and 3rd in ferrosilicon. This is because of our competitive advantage from expanding hydroelectric dams early on, since these are produced in electric arc furnaces. Many of the core innovations in electric arc furnace design came about in Hardanger, Norway, from the work of Westly and Söderberg. And most of those smelties were built before oil, and are still around. We do not need oil.

[@dzarko55]

HAHA I did miss you mentioning the second. Oops. Well, at least I could clarify that the ferrous metal industry is still huge today!

[@fromeveryting29]

Would you say our (norways) extensive ship building expertize and export is also a factor making us richer? The ammount of norwegian ships I see in foreign movies, shows and documentaries is profound, and there are ship building fascilities all around where I live and grew up!

[@swadow1497]

As a Swede, I am obligated to say: Yes. It is only oil, nothing else. I can not accept any other reason for Norway being richest in the Nordics.

[@flxjhnlrssn]

It is probably the main reason they are so much richer than the rest of the nordic countries, to be fair. Even if they didn't have oil, they would still be a rich nordic social democracy, just not quite as rich as they have become with the oil on top of that.

[@Perdition84]

I mean Sweden should pat themselves on the back. A lot of our riches here in Norway comes from learning from Sweden. You made your state owned "oil company" well before we did. LKAB has been Swedens "Statoil" since early in the last century until its complete nationalisation in the 50s(again, before our Statoil).

[@ac1455]

Norway won so hard that the world just collectively forgot and assumed that Norway was rich from oil, rather than already being on par and exceeding the great powers by the early 1900’s.

[@martinandreasvik6505]

Before kerosene we were big on whale oil.

[@bisque6448]

"On par or exceeding the great powers" what are you smoking lmao

[@NathanSmith-ss4mf]

its not you (oil), its me (norway)

[@bluestone9857]

[American voice] "DID SOMEONE SAY OIL?"

[@SpoopySquid]

FREEDOM INTENSIFIES

[@TheFabledSCP7000]

They already work with America so they are safe

[@TacticalAnt420]

RAHHHHHHHH!!! 🦅🥇🇺🇸🔥

[@KozelPraiseGOELRO]

Enters in a Nissan oversized SUV [Japanese but built in Mexico] with sweet [arab] gas, carring a [soviet] AK-47 and wearing a classic [indian manufactured] oversized t-shirt with the US flag.

[@ristekostadinov2820]

Norway had a successful nuclear research program, by the 60s they had 4 functional nuclear reactor prototypes. You have to be quite a developed country to have a nuclear program especially at a time when lot of knowledge was not even that accessible (they were among the pioneers). The 1st reactor was launched in 1951, at that time only the great powers had a power plant.

[@Bidmartinlo]

It took them less than a decade to develop a nuclear reactor, but it's taking over 100 years to develop a good road-network in Norway? As a Norwegian I can tell you something: That is typical of us Norwegians. 🤣

[@TheFabledSCP7000]

​@@Bidmartinlothat is the inherent limitation of personal automobiles You can only either make the city for cars or people

[@Bidmartinlo]

@@TheFabledSCP7000 That is a good point for the old parts of Norway, because imports of cars were heavily limited by the government before the 70s. The Norwegian government was even in charge of the importation to an extent. Still though, it's been 50 years since that time. I really hope I am not the only Norwegian that thinks that maybe now is the time to build roads for actual cars? We can't all be driving horse and carriage.

[@jacobmartin1100]

@@Bidmartinlo tbf y'all have mountains stitching up the spine of the country. I'd hate to be responsible for drawing up plans to blast through all that rock or carve my way along the edges of valleys and fjords just to get from Oslo to Narvik by land

[@TheFabledSCP7000]

@@Bidmartinlo That's what buses and trains are for Like I said, and ask any (European) urban planner, you can only make a city for cars or people, not both

[@Abd121]

People deep into the lore will be able to see the dozen thinly vailed jabs at Krout and his videos!

[@embringing8803]

this video was a real "you are not immune to propaganda" moment for me. the so-called miracle of the norwegian oil fields were practically force-fed to us for school. ive still never been fond of statoil or equinor but that doesnt mean they didnt get to me in some way. fascinating stuff!

[@PakBallandSami]

no, it was me, i made norway rich

[@MrJacobElias]

thank you, much appreciated.

[@zainmudassir2964]

Pakistan 🇵🇰

[@TheFabledSCP7000]

​@@MrJacobEliasthey don't seem very appreciated

[@stilltoomanyhats]

It was me me, Barry. That time you thought you stubbed your toe, I turned Norway into a well-educated high trust society with a strong labour movement.

[@Rosencreutzzz]

I know the constitution was largely unchanged by Swedish rule, but did the 1905 independence have any direct effect over the general resource sovereignty, or would they have potentially kept it? (This is, of course, not an attempt to point out some alt history butterfly effect spiral where Norway would be not in WW2 because of Swedish Neutrality etc etc, more just asking if the resource control was appreciably impacted by independence or pretty much de-facto fully in place from 1814)

[@Rosencreutzzz]

Asking for a friend (Scotland)

[@normieloser6969]

There is a world where the Swedish government accepted the deal of giving a part of volvo for a part of the income from the oil in north sea. Didn't happen irl. Also norwegians kept the right to the oil for themselves, not seiling that to International companies completely yet gaining their expertise

[@a.bastianwiik5592]

1905 independence started with demands for the right to conduct our own foreign policy ( Have separate consulates, separate ship registry, trade agrements etc). So it was less about internal union matters, but rather Norway wanting to be able to represent itself as a separate entity aboroad. Norway already had control over resources, legaslative and judicial system etc.

[@hildemoe9355]

@@a.bastianwiik5592 Amen I would put it even more blunt: The Sweedes had but marginal saying in internal Norwegian affairs. After paliamentarism in 1884, even our joint king had scarcely influence. Jens

[@Loanshark753]

The Swedish king lost his mandate to rule Norway after saying no two times.

[@4marra]

A great watch once more, keep it up Fredda, you’re the best creator on this platform. I always find myself learning something and searching for more

[@Rosencreutzzz]

British Beverage Commission

[@supersaiyanweegee5599]

Irn Bru #1 or we riot

[@Oliver-ld3ei]

We all know Jan Mayan is the secret to Norwegian wealth.

[@adnef0388]

Eg drikk olje til frukost, linsj og middag

[@foca7550]

Jeg

[@LaugeHeiberg]

Rige svin mand! *Bunder en øl og kører væk på min tunede scooter*

[@adnef0388]

Eg

[@normieloser6969]

Æ

[@Oujouj426]

​@@LaugeHeibergOlje, kompis, ikke øl. Øl er så siste århundre.

[@gracef.8145]

Good video, I have been learning Norwegian for 2 years due to kjæresten min being Norwegian. I understood a lot of the source titles lol!

[@komi9261]

I want to sincerely thank you for the amount of high quality historical content that you post on this channel, Your content made me really interested in reading and getting into history and after I have stumbled upon your content I see myself more critically thinking about the information that I come across. Deep gratitude!! never stop :)

[@St_Fish]

Really interesting learning about another country's history through this lens, thanks!

[@davidvilshansky2285]

It sounds like you argue that Norway developed because it had solid political institutions, allowing for the creation of a welfare state and public investments in infrastructure and human capital.

[@Perdition84]

And a class struggle demanding better living and working conditions.

[@ThomFoolery12]

Interesting video, I’d love to see more Norway content, especially that video on collaboration and resistance.

[@hayshed]

Excellent work as always

[@crazycryo5856]

I hate to be that guy but asking “then why is Sweden rich even though they don’t have oil” is a horrible line of rhetoric. Sweden produces 90% of Europe’s Iron, and has a strong industry which it uses to create and sell more expensive machinery and other such goods. And this ignores Sweden’s prior position as an Empire which controlled most of Scandinavia, which certainly had some contribution to its wealth beyond the other Nordics. This doesn’t really discredit the video, I just felt the need to bring it up.

[@SergeantAradir]

Legitimatly have an uncle that said to me: "No germany is not a rich country! Norway is. They have oil." :D

[@OscarOSullivan]

As an Irish person we are told with the exception of the north east that until the 1960’s we were never industrialised we are never told about the coal mines that existed until the 1990’s, ship yards that existed until the 1980’s, the steel plant in Cork that existed in 2004, or the Cement factories being built in the 1920’s to 1930’s. Also forgotten are the clothes factories that lasted until the late 1980’s to early 2000’s.

[@ThisGuyAd.]

Thank you for making this, I feel like most of the English speaking world uses The Oil as an excuse for why Norway's democratic welfare state isn't a model for any other country. It's annoying. Great video 👍🏻

[@brooklybeli6970]

2:39 Fredda says well-endowed 😮🤯

[@ryanlcooper]

I’m very surprised you didn’t discuss the GPF and other public funds in more detail. This is core to Norway’s avoidance of Dutch disease, because it prevented all the oil earnings from driving up the value of the krone and suffocating domestic industry. Then if you impute that wealth ownership on a per capita basis which seems reasonable it makes Norway by far the most wealth equal country in the world. Last I checked the state owns a third of the domestic stock market and 1.6 percent of all world equities. Truly wild by American standards (excepting Alaska).

[@FreddaYT]

I did mention it? Also, I'm sure the people queueing for food queues in Oslo are happy to know they've got a $300k stake in the oil fund.

[@vsssa1845]

@@FreddaYT its absurd, whats the point of having 300k stake when its not made available to public?

[@GreakFTW]

@@vsssa1845 If it was, it would not have been the size it is today. And it is actively being used by the public. For example a bit under 500 billion nok of next years government budget comes from the sovereign wealth fund. To put that in perspective, the entire budgets expenses are a bit over 2000 billion nok. Btw, this small youtube comment obviously does not tell the whole story.

[@BBQCrazzy]

​​@@FreddaYTwell dang rich country, wellfare state and still people in hunger queues. Just goes to shows you how great "socialism" is for the people whos state is swimming in gold.

[@masterTigress96]

Plot twist: it's not the crude oil the made Norway rich, but the fish oil. Dem sweet Surströmming dollar bills $$$$$

[@flxjhnlrssn]

This one weird trick that the capitalist class does not want you to know! (making the working class wealthier is good for the economy) And also, I think people in all of the nordic countries needs to think more about the role that revolutionary socialists has played in shaping our countries. Everyone just talks about the social democrats, and ignore all the things the further left helped achieve. Or just realising that the social democrats everyone praises used to be actual socialists would come a long way too.. And lastly, it's pretty crazy the amount of power over future climate change that the average Norwegian voter has, compared to every other "normal" person. Through their democratically given ability to decide whether or not keep huge quantities of oil in the ground. Sure, some of the gulf countries has more oil, but the average person in those countries have no say over what happens with it. And countries like the US which has at least a nominal democracy and a lot of oil have such a large population that each voter doesn't actually have nearly as much power as the average Norwegian, with it's huge oil reserves and relatively small population.

[@Toxo]

> There was a feeling that the universal vote would allow the working class to vote in their class interest, and therefore carry out necessary societal transformation. That sentiment feels so naive now, though it worked out quite well for us in Norway.

[@NDFJB]

You've hit the nail on the head. Very naive by reformist socialists to think capital will so easy give up its control over the working class.

[@jeremybeau8334]

Great videa, really revealing.

[@foca7550]

Jeg tror det er «ulik utveksling»

[@geraldfreibrun3041]

Could you make a video on pan-Arabism or a pan-Arab state?

[@Pax-Islamica]

Pan arabism is a shirki ideology

[@ssssaa2]

Norway would still be a highly developed state without the oil, but the oil pushes it to be even wealthier than states like Sweden or Denmark or the US in terms of per capita GDP, it would probably be more comparable without the oil. Plus the wealth fund is enormous and wouldn't exist without the oil.

[@antoindearg5614]

We in Scotland, staring jealously across the North Sea...😢

[@helicongremory8480]

The part about hydro power is very interesting. I wonder what parallel can be drawn with Switzerland.

[@gamerpinecone]

Cool video, but did you consider that fish oil existed before the 1960's?

[@christopherc8563]

Are being sarcastic? Do you mean oil from whales?

[@gamerpinecone]

@@christopherc8563 Yeah, I was being sarcastic. Fish oil is different from whale oil. It's mostly used as a dietary supplement (as far as I know)

[@a.bastianwiik5592]

@@gamerpinecone Fish oil used to be a very cheap way to produce glycerin for explosives and low-flammable tallow and fat to grease weapons( unlike petroleum that easily catch fire, not ideal while in combat). The very first commando raid in WW2, Operation Claymore was to strike the fish oil storage tanks in Stamsund in Lofoten.

[@christopherc8563]

@@gamerpinecone Right? I figured if you're being sarcastic. You are talking about fish oil. But whale oil was a big business and was a fuel in the way the oil. That is the topic of this video is so I wasn't sure.

[@feliciastaldotter5168]

sounds like something a norwegian would say

[@francofazzolari7973]

(23:51) the map whit nations recieving "AID" from the us, coloring in light blue all the "Plan Condor" affected countries is hilarious to say the least :) Thanks for the help lads!

[@Xanzulo]

Another Fredda video, another banger

[@AnotherConscript]

Great video! Look forward to the Collaborators and Resistance video!

[@henrybroadstone4192]

New Fredda Video makes life worth living

[@edspace.]

Its interesting how despite the often antagonistic relationship between state and capital that has become part of the myth making of our world (how much the Cold War played a role I'm sure people with greater intellects than mine can argue over) we often find state and capital working together (for good, bad and neutral) as well as how a strong level of state investment in the economy can facilitate the growth of business as it provides stability for businesses to operate (especially small to medium enterprises who often struggle to find investment capital).

[@PlatinumAltaria]

"State vs. capital" is actually democratic state (ie. the will of the people) vs. capitalists (ie. the goals of the wealthy).

[@edspace.]

@@PlatinumAltaria Interesting, presumably because the state is more able to be influenced by those who are not wealthy? Hence the troubles that come from parties sharing basically the same agenda and the need for financial and media independence so those with wealth cannot re-write the narrative (hence the way state v capital is sometimes framed with the state as elite run and capital as the people, by using capital as a synonym for the market).

[@PlatinumAltaria]

@@edspace. One thing money can't overcome is that there's more of us than them: that's a requirement of capitalism. So capitalists are always looking for ways to separate the people from the levers of power, or to convince the people those levers have already been taken.

[@edspace.]

@@PlatinumAltaria This makes sense, hence why they talk about the diffuse interests of the general public compared to the concentrated interests of the "special interests", I believe I saw that in one of Milton Friedman's lectures. As it separates people from the levers of power by separating them from each other to remove their numerical advantage.

[@BBQCrazzy]

​@@PlatinumAltaria😂😂😂 ok mister marxist keep drinking that coolaid bullshit about capitalist pls educate youself

[@MasterOfBaiter]

One thing I am thinking about after the section on the contradiction of a strong vs weak currency is how this would relate today with say the petor dollar. If your nation relied on raw resources like crude oil utilizing a foreign currency for trade would mean less demand on the domestic currency counteracting the negative impact on other exported goods. Meanwhile if the income of foreign currency was properly controlled it could also be used to counter act the difficulties around the import of goods you would usually have given a weaker currency. Ofcs this would mean exploitative relations with other nations which would eventually mean a crash there would follow with a potential crash in the domestic economy too and that ignoring the tensions and potential conflict with the nation's being exploited.

[@oblivirator]

Great video..

[@hildemoe9355]

Folks ! This video is highly recomended ! It is a beacon of light into the darknes of Yotube!!! Too many things on youtube are inaccurate- or downright wrong. Forget what you have seen and watch this one. Yours Jens Erik Some more comments under: I love to way the name of the our state "Denmark" prior to 1814 is handled. Its name was never "Denmark Norway", an inaccuracy that most youtubers happily spreads. Here this detail is handled correctly. Thanks !! (Even in 2014, the 200-year jubilee, we heard Denmark-Norway all the time.) Some people will react negatively on the relatively great emphasis on socialist parties and politics. Contemporary people are not used to think that way. After a brief reflection, I will strongly defend this priority. (If you could have given even more space for this topic, perhaps som more emphasis on the role of the party "Venstre". The labour movement cold build on the legacy from Venstre.) I grew up in a working class part of Oslo (Ammerud). But in the early 1970-ties, on vacations (interrail) to Germany, Britain and France, it definitely felt I had come to poorer places. Wheras Sweeden gave a somewhat more afluent impression.

[@Tarik360]

Thank you for letting me know just wtf happened to Statoil since it seemed to have suddenly vanished. I think petrochemicals will be completely stopped to be used as a fuel in the 2070's globally and as a general resource somewhere in the 2200's.

[@quantumfairing2216]

Norway didn't need any colonies, instead put in place things like Nordlands gjelda and Statskog. Nordlands gjelda was intresting all the way up to when Norway was able to buy the land and tax rights back from English men. But to make it as profitable for the state as possible they made sure that the government would still have the same rights as the English men owning big parts of it before them, same reason why much of Northern Norway don't have the same Freedom to roam law as the southern part of the country, while incomes from forresting, mining, fishing(inland) and hunting in the south goes to the local Fjellstyre, in Northern Norway this goes directly to Statskog. So Norway has been making a profit for it for the state, while leaving behind the areas where the resources is extracted. The Norwegian people didn't only discriminate the Sami people, but also the Northern Norwegians. Up until the 60s Norwegian newspapers where filled with "No Nordlending allowed" in the rental advertisements in the southern part of Norway.

[@TheFinalStarman]

Now I wanna make a video like this about how Australia also has extraordinary natural resources (and gas exports comparable to Norway) and historically a strong labour movement but was actively denied the same prosperity Norway got (hint: it has to do with the americans)

[@kingalexanderiofyugoslavia1390]

edged to this

[@AmbivalentNews]

Sigma grind mann!

[@alfonsasgrinevicius7477]

Historians claim that Norway bled awfully much three times throughout the centuries. 1.Vikings settled in other lands ; died in battles or drowned during expeditions. 2. Many laborious young men migrated to the Nederlands in the decades of the industrial revolution there. Similar names, languages, quick assimilation therefore. 3. Migration to the rapidly developing USA. Nowadays, Norwegians roam to Thailand, Spain, etc...to spend surplus money :) and without aims to stay there. Greetings from Lietuva /Litauen.

[@M-n5v]

Pre-industrial trade levels before 1850 mean nothing to future capabilities or trends beyond historical institutional development. Objectively - The last 100 years of economic development here is tied completely to the larger geopolitical and industrial developments of Europe in general - as is Norway's future. 1900's access to exploitable hydro resources (only realistically matched by Switzerland) just as massive quantities of cheap power was required for emerging processes for industrial production of aluminium and nitrogen fertilisers laid the groundwork for NorskHydro and Yara. Two of the largest industrial companies in the country, which further invested in technical education, infrastructure and production. Oil and gas mirrored that trend, and accelerated both post-war development in Europe and generous state welfare guarantees and infrastructure internally - Intelligent and careful decisions helped to craft the foundation of what would be the oil fund and avoided the private looting that occurred in places like Australia or grotesque wealth concentrations such as in the middle east. Despite the yearly 'new-oil' articles that tend to emerge (phosphate, thorium etc) realistically, there is nothing that will fill the industrial gap as the Norwegian Oil industry is phased out - Norway was lucky to surf the largest increase in economic/industrial growth in human history, but every wave peaks and eventually either piddles out or crashes. In the immediate near term future, looking towards the 2050's Norway will probably but invariably decline economically in real terms - It wont be poor, probably at or below future Swedish/Danish levels of prosperity but it will not be 2008-2016 levels rich.

[@decadesyearoldthingsreview6595]

Hoper du ha en fint dag

[@cdr29qm]

Oil didn't make Norway rich, but it's still an outlier among resource-rich countries in how well it's managed to mitigate the "resource curse" (much of which comes down not to exchange rates etc, but rather the corrupting effect of resource rents on politics). Global North countries certainly aren't immune to the curse. Look for instance at North Sea oil and gas as a factor in the UK's rightward shift in the 1980s, for example (even though relative to the overall population, the fossil fuel bonanza was much smaller than Norway's). The effect continues to this day in the form of older voters who are nostalgic for the era of cheap natural gas (including gas burned for electricity) and tax cuts partly paid for by oil revenues, and who don't understand why they can't get it back by voting for whoever does the best Thatcher cosplay; the resulting cycle of bad economic policy is progressively making the UK poorer over time compared to peer countries. Hopefully Norway will avoid this sort of nostalgia trap when oil eventually ceases to be a major part of the economy.

[@scullyy]

Norwegians are also Norway's indigenous population :-)

[@flxjhnlrssn]

Usually when people talk about indigenous people they talk about groups aside from the dominant people of that specific state. No one really cares about who were in a place first, the stuff people are interested in is how different groups of people are treated, and in that sense the sami are an indigenous population of norway, havin gmuch in common with other indigenous people in other countries, while the norwegians do not share the same status, and have in fact been acting as colonisers towards the sami.

[@storkar57]

hva er "ibid"? oppgitt som kilde rundt 11.21

[@transmogriff]

Betyr bare at han henviser til samme kilde som i forrige kildehenvisning.

[@GeddoTuce-k5g]

Bald eagle sound oil who said oil 🦅🦅🦅🦅🦅🍼🍟🍟🍟🍟🍕🍕🍕🍕🦅

[@AlbanianDogma]

Great video as usual Fredda! Your work is amazing to watch and really helpful :)

[@Fion195]

Nah its oil (im speaking as a swede who knows nothing of Norways history)

[@mathewferstl7042]

We're such a green ecomony, just ignore us pouring copious amounts of oil into the international market, dropping its price and encouraging its use for longer all over the world :)

[@dairallan]

You say Britain only instituted universal public education in the 1870s. This is only partially true. Scotland was the first country in the world to introduce universal education and this was in the mid 1600s with the process being complete by the turn of the 18th century. So Britain/UK has had universal public education for its entire existence. Albeit only in part of it until 1870.

[@Halli50]

Just imagine the good luck of Norwegians to be perfectly well off already, with a functioning welfare society and mature politicians that managed to handle the mixed blessing of the oil wealth they suddenly had on their hands. Norway is now the envy of just about every other nation.

[@jxun4l3ht10]

Finland is what Norway would be without oil

[@a.bastianwiik5592]

No. Finland has way less natural resources, mostly forestry and far-north mining. Finns also have a very costly long border to defend. Finland was way more exploited during the imperial ages. Finns are also very isolated by being a very unique language and culture next to Slavic and Germanic nations. Class-divides operate very different in Finland. Norway without Oil would be more like Sweden/Denmark

[@omeganichtdieuhrsondernder6906]

Not really, but they also have a goted Socialist KZbinr.

[@Second247]

@@a.bastianwiik5592 Imperial exploitation isn't clear cut. Finland benefited largely by being part of Russia. And there is argument to be made that Finland had it better under Russia than under Sweden. Founding of St Petersburg meant huge interest in Finnish natural resources because building a city needed lots of timber. This created foundation of Finnish industrialization by English and Norwegian capitalists, who invested in steam powered sawmills in Finland. Before that Finland exported tar and butter, but these were argicultural projects and quite small scale. Sawmills kicked industrialization up by a notch and gave major boost to Finnish economy. Reason for this was that Finland has tons of untapped natural resources being European backwoods, cheap labor, low corruption (compared to Russia) and easy access to St Petersburg by waterways. Moscow is pretty much isolated from Europe by waterways. These investors went first to Moscow but pretty soon were fed up with corruption as well as overall difficulty to set up their operation, so they headed to Finland which lied next to sea connected to St Petersburg. Russia tried to benefit from trade with Finland by setting taxes to finnish exports to Russia while russian exports to Finland were not taxed. But what other European colonial powers did to they underlings it seems to be very minor, or what Russia did to other people under it's empire. Not saying that Finland was/is at as good starting position than Sweden or Norway. It's just that Finland's prosperity is largely tied to Russia because we lie next to each other.

[@XGD5layer]

​@@Second247 "during the Imperial ages" includes Swedish times

[@XGD5layer]

Finland doesn't have the hydroelectricity either. But it does have more somewhat arable land

[@MartaeAU]

Yeah wasn't it like Ikea or something?

[@hugmynutus]

Crude Oil? Fish Oil? Whale Oil?

[@Spacemongerr]

10:10 Both Norwegians and Sami are indigenous to Norway. When you say "Sami, Norways indigenous population", it conveys to an uninformed listener the idea that the Sami were in Norway first and that Norwegians came later as colonizers. While in reality: -the Sami never lived in the southern half of Norway -both population groups arrived in different parts of the country thousands of years ago God video ellers!

[@TealJosh]

Indigenous in this context doesn't mean who has lived on the land longest, it's more of a legal term. Sami people are recognized as indigenous by the Norwegian constitution article 108 based on the ILO convention 169. There is literally nothing to argue about. Norwegianization of the Sami people was a crime against humanity and Norway, just like the rest of Nordic countries will have to reconcile for it.

[@Spacemongerr]

@@TealJosh Yes, the Sami are the only ones granted the "urfolk" status by the Norwegian government, in the political sense of the word. But in the more commonly used and more literal meaning, "indigenous" means inhabiting or existing in a land since ancient times, or, basically it means "native". My point is only that both Norwegians and Sami are native to Norway. It's not a case of Sami living all over Norway until Norwegian colonizers came, like in USA or any other country where the majority population came as colonizers. My comment is in no way meant to talk down the suffering inflicted on the Sami by the Norwegian state. That's not what I was addressing

[@TealJosh]

@@Spacemongerr I see. Yeah, I've read too many comments that are written similarly to yours, that were meant in a bad way, so I took the worst interpretation instinctually. Here's how I think about this topic. Quite oversimplified, hopefully understandable: I'd say the colonizer indigenous dynamic works for us Nordics as well, it's just a little different. The real colonizers were Catholic and Orthodox missionaries/northern crusades. That set everything else in motion for later on. The "ideology" behind what happened to the Sami people was one of the colonizer's, even if both were inside the same borders; "Bring civilization to the uncivilized" or the white man's burden. There's also the concept of colonization of the mind, but that's way in the weeds of this topic.

[@Fluxwux]

The term “indigenous” doesn’t only mean “here first” in this context. It is today usually understood as a different ethnic or cultural group (nation) living in the same state/country as is administered by the industrial majority population, but kept separate by identification, way of life or historical injustices - and that still preserves their pre industrial traditions and mostly nomadic culture to a large degree with some sort of independence and nationalist movement against the majority population and state. A population or ethno-cultural group being in control over a modern state cannot be considered as “indigenous” (with some exceptions for the Americas due to massive settler colonialism and genocide - even if I don’t really agree to that) . That’s why there are many examples of indigenous Africans, East Asians and middle Easterners too - and why these places majority Asian, African and Arab populations aren’t really seen as “indigenous” either in the same way as Norwegians aren’t.

[@rogan7019]

oil didn't make it rich, but a labour government supported by the Marshall Plan and not getting into the icky business of cold war did. roundabout way, it all goes back to american capital

[@HTV-2_Hypersonic_Glide_Vehicle]

23:21 in reality, Taiwan would be blue, but because the UN Resolution 2758 is on China's side, it's in red.

[@NoverMaC]

Taiwan is a part of China occupied at first by the American backed fascists then now controlled by the American backed fascist sympathising Minnan nationalists as an 'unsinkable aircraft carrier' in Asia. Taiwan is to China what Northern Ireland is to Ireland

[@reiergv]

Nais video 👍🫵

[@musiqtee]

13:26 These points from “konsesjonslovene” - and the general social growth at the time - are foundational to a pretty cheeky argument I use when discussing “China” (far east, really) with my liberal peers. (Pretty much all of them are…) As they rant on how East Asia is “subsidising their corporations”, I go _“sure, just like WE transparently did until the mid 1980’s…?”_ Something usually happens to their blood pressure, small talk ends before mentioning how we still do the same. Through countless tenders and consultancies, void of transparency… Somehow my peers still think our energy sector is public under the concession laws. Well, it is until the already “green” energy hits the grid. By then, the price is set (the day before) at the same exchange selling to all of north-west Europe. Price: About 2¢ from the hydro plant - easily 30¢ at the smart meter. Scam by law…? Energiloven (Energy Act) of 1990 is an example of how the “Scandinavian model” eroded public agency. Quite on par with most of OECD. Why did we start listening to hired consultants…? 🙄

[@Leo-ok3uj]

Whataboutism

[@musiqtee]

@@Leo-ok3uj You bet. Because reductionism sucks.

[@markusa5293]

You surround yourself with some not very bright friends if the best argument they can come up with is "subsidising corporations" as a critique of China. The subsidising argument is a weak starting point anyway, but I'll take it. It's much more how strategic the subsidies are and the actions they take in conjunction with it. Let's take the EV market, which is highly subsidised in China. The importing countries impose tariffs to protect their own EV makers. In response China imposes tariffs on many other products (none of which are any threat to their market btw) as punishment, all the while ramping up military production and harassing their neighbors. I won't respond any further because I'll be doing more productive things than arguing in KZbin comments.

[@musiqtee]

@@markusa5293 I totally agree - but like you, I can’t write a book as a comment. I also agree, don’t waste your time on idiots like me. I’ll probably misinterpret your effort (an effort I nevertheless appreciate). 😊 Now, sod off - do something more productive. 👍

[@eiho]

I feel like you could've given more credit to frontfagsmodellen and its predecessors. Corporatism as a concept was just mentioned offhand but its impact has been defining for Norway in the 20th century

[@NorDank]

10:10 Jesus Christ you know that the Sami are not indigenous to Norway. Why lie?

[@svain_3107]

They are indigenous to northern Norway

[@Ulyssestnt]

You are showing the "scholeus stikket" map of Bergen,we always joke its a separate republic but in the middle ages on it was a city state in all but name with continental trade cartels setting up significant facilities (Hanseatic league).. It was s city founded from trade and capitalism and very much stood apart culturally from the rest of the country in this regard. It still is present in its culture , until relatively recently as in early to middle 20th century there was serious separatist tendencies in Bergen. The war brought the country together in this regard. As you point out Marxist influences of the labour party etc in Norway at large was tempered solidly by US influences which likely in no small part smoothed over any bumps in the road with the largely borgous Bergen And after petroleum reserves with the help of US companies in no small part the infrastructure projects and influx of investments into the region and the city itself solidifies the bonds finally and put all notions to bed for good. Before the Oil we were a trade juggernaut exporting dry fish and whale meat by the ton as well as a robust merchant navy and shipbuilding industry.. These were vastly profitable. After the war the exhorbitant taxes were not rolled back and even increased . The petroleum sector and the bloated public sector began crowding out the rest of the real economy..soon staple Norwegian industries like shipping and ship building was dwindling..and it wasn't too long before most of the merchant marine flagged out and the wharfes closed never to open again. Everything not oil or public sector is crowded out,often it has to be subsidised like agriculture to be remotely viable.

[@matoustrefil948]

23:21 Russia should be red

[@christiannipales9937]

Nah. Third world country is just short hand for brown countries. That's why people don't like using it anymore, it's based in racist logic

[@kkiil05]

It's oil

[@PASTRAMIKick]

A big difference between resource rich countries such as Norway and the third world, such as in latin america, is that the idea of "the common good" is largely missing, it's a cultural/social thing as much as it is economic, politicians don't really think of "the common good" they're mostly all corrupt. But I guess that one could argue that starting as colonies with bad institutions and development, really hurt the prospects of long term general prosperity.

[@MrGoldfish8]

It's not a cultural thing, it's a result of imperialis. Whenever a leader in the imperial periphery talks about the "common good", they're removed from power.

[@thecatster4373]

I hate my mindset about Norway. I can't view our right wing tendencies which are "hidden" in plain sight. I need you fredda to make a video where you explain your way of seeing the obvious in our society. I also think American exceptionalism isn't special, most western countries have citizens, like me, that never see the right wing tendencies or at least see them as something avoidable.

[@EmmaWithoutOrgans]

read Marx’s ”the german ideology” and his ”The critique of the gotha program”

[@fhujf]

So, long story short: yes it did. They country went from moderately well-off(10th in Europe is decent but not mind-blowing) to stinkin' rich.

[@pedronabais1456]

it's rven funnier bc denmark and even sweden had a better strike at being the nicest north nation due to geography and location but after the discovery of oil it changed quite a bit, just a coincidence

[@freedomfighter22222]

Being 10th in Europe in 1950 also puts you pretty close to 10th in world at the same time... Norway was very rich compared to most of the world, most of Europe just also happens to have been the same.

[@Man-of-Steel674]

I thought Norway followed andrew tate and did a Sigma grind to get rich.

[@grassmania_yt9030]

Skal bruke dette i en eller annen samfunnskunnskap presentasjon

[@kayatoney5585]

it sounds like y’all have this shit on easy mode 2/3rd of land was owned by peasants in 1800

[@stekra3159]

AØ

[@NDFJB]

Ah you visited Marx's grave? Hopefully you found some copies of the manifesto I may have left there ;)

[@darkkiller1092]

you are beautiful

[@CodexGame]

19:53 I think a bird landed on your mouth there, bud. You should probably go to a dentist

[@randomchannel-px6ho]

I see the point you're trying to make but this is still silly and actually sort of hurts the message that a well functioning welfare state can exist without black gold or some other highly valuable resource being its backbone.

[@BLANK-kq8wv]

We moon gooning to this

[@roddychristodoulou9111]

The Norwegian sovereign wealth fund is now worth well over one trillion dollars . The vast majority of this wealth comes from oil and gas revenue . So the answer is yes Norway became rich because of North Sea oil and gas .

[@freedomfighter22222]

Way to misunderstand the message, Norway was a rich country before it had a single dollar in the oil fund, how much is in there now is irrelevant to that statement. Norway was rich, it became insanely rich.

[@blipboigilgamesh7865]

I'm here thinking about Norsk Hydro ASA, the norwegian multinational enterprise that is currently destroying my homeland. I wonder how they're making life so good in their home country while I wallow in misery 😭 imperialism moment

[@Spacemongerr]

Doesn't sound good. Where you at?

[@freedomfighter22222]

You should probably at least include company and location if you want to be taken seriously.

[@blipboigilgamesh7865]

​@@freedomfighter22222 It's none other than Norsk Hydro ASA in northern Brazil. They're destroying my state by extracting all of our bauxite without properly compensating us for it. Fuck you.

[@blipboigilgamesh7865]

​​@@freedomfighter22222 I was reffering to Norsk Hydro ASA, the alumminium producer. They have been in multiple scandals involving the government granting them unspeakable amounts of bauxite without any proper compensation to brazilian society. They have also been in MANY ecological scandals, especially involving the contamination of bodies of water, which are absolutely vital to the livelyhood of millions in my state. They're scarring the land, sucking our lifeblood till we're dry, only to leave us with the irreversible ecological damage. This is what makes the norwegian kleptostate so good to live in.

[@blipboigilgamesh7865]

​@@freedomfighter22222for some reason youtube keeps deleting my messages. I am reffering to Norsk Hydro ASA. They're responsible for unspeakable amounts of poverty and ecocide in my home region because of their abusive extraction of bauxite

[@marshallgrey2159]

you speak too fast. Great video though

[@PMMagro]

it sure is oil! All Scandinavian countries used to be poor (Denmark less so) and have improved alot, also Estonia. But Norway is special. A small nation having a lot of oil during an ear oil and gas was very much needed. Norway has handled that well though. Only a Norweigan, like us Swedes after WW2, thinks "it is not all all that we have oil" or in our case" we are the best at almost everything, nothing to do with staying out of the world wars and the help rebuilding the ruined nations at all...".

[@freedomfighter22222]

Norway, Sweden and Denmark have all been in the top 20 gdp per capita for the past 100 years, you might think that Swedes felt like they were poor in the 20th century but that would be because you're comparing it to the about dozen countries that were vastly rich, the rest of the world would consider(correctly) Swedes and Norwegians to have been very rich at the time.

[@lame6810]

0:12 Sweden's oil is their large companies that pay for their Nordic welfare model. If Sweden got the same labor unions as Norway, their companies would lose the government millions of taxable profits and future growth.

[@stekra3159]

When will you stop this drilling madness.

[@fabiansw8]

oh fuck yes another video all about how rich my country is and how uniqe we are My country does not care for the economy of its people, even if it says its a welfare state. also we are just barely not a Eu union Puppet, Wanna disquss this with me? feel free Power, Wood, oil, Fish, and more! Faen ta asså

[@PlatinumAltaria]

God damn I love democratic socialism.

[@Loxer150]

norway respect button ---> (those who know 💀)