GCSE Chemistry - Electron Arrangement #8

This video covers:
0:43 - The number of electrons per energy level
4:24 - why atoms react / why they lose or gain electrons
This video is suitable for:
All tiers
All exam boards
Triple and combined science
Related videos/topics:
GCSE Chemistry playlist:
• GCSE Chemistry - Atoms...
GCSE Biology Playlist:
• Video
GCSE Physics Playlist:
• Video

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[@Cognitoedu]

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[@legoideasbykys8820]

Amazing video I love it but would like to point out that the element fluorine in the video at about 6:08 is spelt incorrectly. but don't get me wrong I love your videos and they are very helpful.

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[@Selfimprovementaddict]

Thank you so much you saved my life. but I heard that the 4th shell holds up to 18 or 32 electrons not 8

[@julievelgi1891]

Yes isn't is this order: 2,8,18?

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that's true, but for igsce be study the 3rd shell contains 8 electrons.@@julievelgi1891

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[@8swick256]

can third shell also hold 18 electrons im so confused about it

[@Cognitoedu]

Heya - at GCSE you're just meant to know that the 3rd shell can hold 8 (so 2 in the 1st shell, 8 in the 2nd, and 8 in the 3rd). But you are correct, at A-level you learn more details and see that the 3rd shell can actually hold 18 electrons. Hope that helps :)

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[@marvinvalentin8960]

Its a great tutorial video. Thanks to this. Can you also prepare a lecture that describes Direct Interspecies Electron Transfer (DIET).

[@nerdyboi2000]

are orbitals the same as shells? im in year 7 so pls make the explanation simple

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[@madeleinej6048]

I just learnt this but say you are doing the diagram for sodium, it’s in group one, this means that it will have 1 electron in its outer shell. Another example is oxygen, it’s in group six meaning it will have 6 electrons in the outer shell. Was it just me who found this out? I only just learnt it from my chemistry teacher

[@shayanhasan2254]

Does the amount of electrons needed to fill the outermost shell differ between elements ?

[@PrecoolSkillz]

yea... it depends on the amount of electrons in the atoms outer most shells

[@MarkCW]

Great videos. But why is atomic mass18.9 for the flourine (F) atom and not 19 (10 neutrons + 9 protons), rounded up from 18.998403 u ?

[@buligavasile1246]

Why did I hear that the 3rd shell supports up to 18? How many e do 4th and 5th shells support? Thank you

[@kds1929]

the third shell donnt take 18 . it only goes up to 8 from the 2nd upwards.

[@Cognitoedu]

Hi, yeah when you do A-Level it gets a bit more complicated and they cover that sort of stuff. But at GCSE it’s just 2 in the first shell, 8 in the second and 8 in third.

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Why in the calcium electron arrangement did you just remove 2 electrons ? You can’t just remove electrons

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[@julievelgi1891]

Yes I'm not saying you are wrong I need someones option on what this is as I have proved that the shells configuration is not 2,8,8, is is 2,8,18,32 for some reason is this right can anyone explain?

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What? The max an outer shell that can be is 8 as far I know off, this is pretty much the basic fundamental under 4 shells,

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[@nataliesbookreviews1164]

At 4:26, you said that calcium would have to lose the two electrons on the outside (so the fourth shell) but doesn't the electron structure of shells go as follows: 2,8,8,2 so why would it have to lose two atoms because isn't the fourth shell maximum 2 electrons? Hope you see this and apologies if I'm wrong!

[@Cognitoedu]

Hi Natalie, thanks for that! 2, 8, 8, 2 is just the electron structure of calcium itself, the 4th shell can hold more electrons though, and so calcium’s is incomplete. You only learn up to calcium though for GCSE because it gets complicated after that - so your teacher may have meant that 2,8,8,2 is as high as you need to learn :)

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i heard the 4th shell only hols 2 outer shells? @Cognito

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So that means how reactive a certain element is?

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How is a neutral charge represented?

[@ޏ.ރ]

Hi I'm confused about the 2 8 8 2 rule about arranging electrons, can you please tell me something about this? I didn't see you mention it in the video but my teacher talked about it and still confused 🙏 hope you see this and many thanks!

[@Cognitoedu]

Hi there, for GCSE level you just need to remember that the first shell can hold 2 electrons, the second shell can hold 8, and the third shell can hold 8 electrons as well. The 4th shell can hold more than 2, but you won't go any higher than that so you don't need to know about it at GCSE :) Hope that helps

[@ޏ.ރ]

@@Cognitoedu ah I see. Thank you! Do UK gcse supply us with the periodic table at the back of test papers or do we have to memorize the mass numbers and symbols? I'm starting Year 10 if this information makes things any clearer. Also just wanted to say great channel! I'll be binge watching hope my questions won't bother you, I might be commenting a lot from now...

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​@@Cognitoedu sorry for the bother but in case you missed the comment on the Math "How to Convert Recurring Decimals to Fractions (Proportions Part 6/6)" I asked something about recurring decimals but I made an edit to it and the comment disappeared but please help! Thanks so much for the great lectures!!

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You’re welcome 😊

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[@shijo41526]

There is a mistake. The mistake is that the number at the bottom in 0:38 is the mass number, that is 11 and not atomic number. The atomic number is the number above that is 23.

[@CottonTreeTales]

Just to clarify and clear up any misconceptions - the video is correct. "Atomic number" = number of protons. "Mass number" = protons + neutrons. The mass number of an element will always be larger than its atomic number.

[@legoideasbykys8820]

yes that is correct @@CottonTreeTales

[@kennethha8173]

So , if they ask us the electron structure of calcium , do we put 2,8,8 or 2,8,8,2

[@Cognitoedu]

Hi, you shouldn't get asked up to that level in GCSE, as they only go up to Argon, but for calcium would be 2,8,8,2 :)

[@kennethha8173]

Oops I meant argon

[@Cognitoedu]

Ah, yeah Argon would be 2, 8, 8

[@kennethha8173]

Ty

[@Namish-su7wp]

1:10 Atomic number

[@lottiemills7629]

How can you find the element if youre just given the numbers say, 2 8 1 ?

[@CottonTreeTales]

Add up the total number of electrons. In your example 2+8+1= 11. This result is the same as its atomic number. All you need to do is go to the Periodic table and look up which element has the atomic number "11". Sodium (Na).

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Thanks 🥺🍭

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Jake

[@EduLearnz]

Wait isn’t the 3rd (m) shell supposed to hold 18 electrons

[@creativethings9133]

Nope, only 8

[@sanyasanya7465]

2nd shell contains 6 electrons… you said it’s 8 ! I’m confused

[@CottonTreeTales]

Hi. The second shell always contains a maximum of 8 electrons. You may be confusing shells and subshells. A much more advanced description of shells would teach you that each shell is made up of a number of subshells (or orbitals). The second electron shell contains 2 subshells. These are called the S-orbital and the P-orbital. The S-orbital contains a maximum of 2 electrons. The P-orbital contains a maximum of 6. What you need to do to find the maximum number of electrons in the 2nd shell is to add these numbers together. 6+2=8. This is the figure for the whole shell, and the only thing you really need to concern yourself with at a GCSE level.

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[@shijo41526]

They have repeated the mistake more two times, in 4:00 and 5:29.

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My 2 brain cells actually understood