How to Control a 12V Motor with Arduino: Easy Wiring & Code Examples

Embark on a journey from a Arduino coding novice to a prop animation wizard with our comprehensive guide on wiring and controlling a 12V motor with Arduino! You'll be able to program just about any motor, including using Arduino to control a 12V wiper motor, one of the most popular motor choices for DIY motorized props.
This easy Arduino motor control tutorial is specially crafted for beginners who have never written a line of code but are eager to dive into the world of DIY motorized props and robots to program realistic motor movements. Whether you're planning a theatrical setup, a unique art installation, or your next Halloween prop character, this Arduino motor control tutorial is your perfect starting point.
🛠️ Step by Step Arduino Motor Control Guide:
- A beginner-friendly introduction to Arduino and its potential in motor control.
- A clear walkthrough of wiring a 12V motor to an Arduino using a motor driver module along with power requirements.
- Easy-to-understand code examples that you can use and modify for programming your own custom prop movements.
🔗 Full Tutorial with Code Examples: racheldebarros.com/arduino-mo...
🔗 Identify Wiper Motor Wires: racheldebarros.com/how-to-wir...
🔗 Join the Engineering Artists Community: racheldebarros.com/members
🎬 Video Chapters: How to Control a 12V Motor with Arduino
0:00 - Intro
1:01 - Why You Can't Directly Connect Motors to Arduino Microcontrollers
1:48 - Intro to Motor Driver Modules
3:40 - How to Choose a Motor Driver Module
4:30 - XY-160D Motor Driver Module Pinout
6:38 - Intro to the Arduino Uno Microcontroller
8:04 - How to Wire a Motor Driver Module to an Arduino Uno
10:25 - How to Wire a 12V Motor to a Motor Driver Module
11:40 - How to Wire a Power Supply to a Motor Driver Module
12:14 - Intro to the Arduino IDE
13:22 - Defining Arduino Pins
15:12 - Setting Pin Modes
17:39 - Code Example: Spin the Motor
20:02 - How PWM Determines Motor Speed
21:27 - Code Example: Change the Direction of Rotation
22:20 - Code Example: Set Different Speeds
23:27 - Code Example: Animate the Motor Directions
28:03 - Code Example: Animate the Motor Speed
37:07 - Code Example: Randomize the Motor Speed
39:52 - Code Example: Randomize Motor Speed & Direction
42:04 - Code Example: Randomize Motor Speed, Direction & Timing
43:15 - Wrap up
43:31 - Read the Full Tutorial with Code Examples
43:51 - Join the Community
Build Along:
🛒 12V Wiper Motor: amzn.to/3GfO1sQ
🛒 XY-160D Motor Driver Module: amzn.to/46rwGHT
🛒 Arduino Uno (or off-brand clone): amzn.to/49SfApx
🛒 Breadboard Jumper Wires (Dupont-style): amzn.to/3FUrZvn
🔗 Download the Arduino IDE (free): www.arduino.cc/en/software
💬 Have any questions or want to share your own experiences with coding Arduino motor movements? Drop a comment below - I love hearing from you!
👍 If you find this video helpful, please hit that like button and consider subscribing to my channel for more animatronics/robot tutorials, tips, and tricks. Your support helps me create more content like this!
Some links included here are to affiliate sites. If you purchase something through them, I may earn a small commission - which costs you nothing! I am very grateful for your support when you use my links to make a purchase.
#arduino #animatronics #halloweenanimatronics #dcmotor #arduinocode #livecoding
#arduino #arduinotutorial #motors #12Vmotors #halloweenanimatronics #halloweenprops

[@robyounce4636]

I am a retired Industrial Engineer. I have programmed PLC Controls for decades. I have good learning/Comprehension skills. I've been trying to learn C++ basics and concepts and keep running into "how to" videos from people who have no ability to Teach. Rachel is the first of MANY to break things down and cover EVERYTHING. You write on the screen and explain what "it does" and "why we do this" .......with others, I keep finding myself going out on the Web to find definitions and explanations for terminology and concepts they ignore....so frustrating. Thank you Rachel.

[@nazierjamie5342]

She really makes it fun to learn and putting everything together practically 👏and explaining step by step.

[@doords]

no ability to teach is the correct way to describe some of those videos

[@mcintoshdev]

I have been a professional software engineer for 30+ years and I have done lots of Arduino programming as well. I watched your video because I am very interested in motor control. The way that you teach is just universally enjoyable and very well structured. Thanks Rachel!

[@RachelDeBarrosLive]

Glad you enjoyed it! Let me know if there's any other topics you'd like me to cover.

[@kelvinlihiru1136]

Hello​@@RachelDeBarrosLive

[@yoashuain1]

"Hold your breath..." Paul McCormick.😊

[@nickrudd2568]

Finally, Someone who talks 'How to do' rather than 'Just a do this' You have opened a few doors previously locked to me.

[@jessecobern2069]

I like your idea, some these people, Why would anybody post here, VIDEO means showing stuff with sound ? Or am I think about this in the wrong way. WAKE-UP-PEOPLE

[@stevemilo6935]

No doors were opened and youre annoying.

[@zorbzzsterio6406]

I could just never get it when it came to programing the Arduino, until now. Thanks a lot for the easy and intuitive teaching style you have that really helped me understand what was going on. Most other people just expect that you already know what your doing. I cant wait to get onto some projects now thanks heaps.

[@guyprovost]

So much fun, I'm a coder and to listen how you explain complex stuff like variable types, program and pulse width modulation that clearly and quickly explains it is refreshing! Keep up the good work!

[@VintageVash]

You explain everything in such a fantastic way. I have been struggling so much with coding because everyone only talks about doing it but you explain it with examples while doing it. Thank you!!!

[@DavidGierke-nl1dl]

As a retired technology teacher, I am in awe of your ability to make progressive changes in your presentation, while making everything completely understandable. You have a special gift.

[@1docg]

Best Arduino demo I've seen so far. Thanks for the information, great teaching technique.

[@RadarRon]

All I can say is that I wish I had you teaching my first collage course Very interesting and easy to follow. Many or the tutorials on KZbin leave so much out of the expiation You are teaching properly.

[@markhelseth253]

Fabulous video. SO MUCH better than books. Your production background shows in the presentation. Much appreciated. I'm just starting to learn Arduino and how to control the pesky motors. The video is a great tutorial. I'll be coming back to this as a refresher. Subscribed.

[@johangeuens2580]

Wow, I'm a teacher of mechatronics from Flanders, Belgium and wander around the internet for interesthing things I can use with my students and I must say your video is one of the best I've found. A good explanation from zero and building up to your goal. I love it. Thanks for your fantastic explanation and tumbs up.

[@Nine_883]

I like the way you speak in a language most of us can understand. Too many people use the very technical language just assuming we all speak electronics and computer code. Nice job.

[@freedomisfromtruth]

I have always been drawn way more to hardware then programming, but this integrates both. The industrial machines i worked on do this on a larger scale, so this is the path to greater machinery starting here.

[@vilijan4056]

Excellent explanation for dummies. You explain like a teacher, very understandable, good job. I am an electronics engineer, I was a teacher a few years before I was retired, I like your style, keep it up.

[@daveparker839]

I just stumbled upon your channel and even though I don’t know if I’ll ever need this information I liked and subscribed. You’re simply a great teacher and I need those in my life!

[@ronsaenz9033]

I am so glad I came across your channel. I really appreciate your clear and concise instructions and explanations. Subscribed.

[@pcollins5334]

I feel like Neo in The Matrix when he gets plugged in and learns jujitsu. Thank you so much for this. I have been wanting to add motion to my metal sculptures for years. ❤️

[@Mr89Falcon]

Wow, been trying to learn Arduino for many years by reading books and watching tutorials. She does such a fantastic job of using analogies and simple terms while starting from the simple and gradually move to the more complex. I finally get the big picture after just watching this ONE video! What a fantastic teacher….thanks for the video!

[@amey97]

Thank You so much Ms. Rachel!! It was worth spending 45min here.

[@emmanuelgillot2520]

Hi, Since years I wanted to start with arduino to drive a small wood prototype and your video is so clear and well explained and your positivity makes the video very enjoyable thank you very much !!

[@noneofyourbusiness2726]

My mind is completely blown at how easy you make this look! Thank you for your videos.

[@RachelDeBarrosLive]

Hope it helps for your next motorized project!

[@user-tb6cg6qt7p]

Best arduino Video i have ever seen. I myself attached Joystick to uno R3 , L298n, two yellow motors. Next will be wlan, maybe esp32. Started 3 weeks ago. Thank you so much.

[@TheREALJosephTurner]

I randomly came across this video by following the "KZbin rabbit hole." I have absolutely zero experience with the Arduino- I've never even seen one in person. I only know of their existence because some people make projects with them in amateur radio (my main hobby). Plus, I'm in my early 50s, so I don't soak up information as well as younger people. However, there wasn't a single thing you presented in this video that I didn't fully understand. Your teaching style is outstanding and you made all the gears click in my brain- and some of those gears are pretty rusty! That's a subscribe for me!

[@KROKODYLCZ]

Thank you for your video, I am currently teaching my son to transition from block programming to programming in text code. You helped me explain the issue easily and brilliantly! You have a new loyal follower!

[@Mike-LoveSpace]

This is a fantastic approach to introducing motor controllers, power requirements and coding to folks 👍

[@RachelDeBarrosLive]

Glad you liked it! Let me know if there's any topic you'd like to see.

[@user-pl2de9qq1y]

Just finished watching. great stuff. I know a a lot of people who are going to be your fans. thanks

[@ClayLoyd]

Many videos only talk about learning but you actually deliver top-level instruction... best I've seen. Thank you!!!

[@fglatzel]

Have been using Arduinos for over a decade now and it's great to see someone who is equally excited about them.

[@RachelDeBarrosLive]

🤣 Arduino has allowed me to do so many cool projects!

[@maderrashop]

I’m new to this whole things.. and I think you now got me hooked. Love your teaching style. I would love to see a similar video that adds some kind of force-sensitive resistor sensor. To many the motor stop if it hit some kind of object. Thank Rachel

[@user-pl2de9qq1y]

Hey! Just discovered your video and am falling in love with you already. You're such a great teacher. Wish I could say the same for my teacher. He sucks!!!! You're sooooooo clear and precise. Guess I'll be coming back for more.

[@user-gk9oj3nb1m]

These videos are just brilliant... Understanding electronics is one level but comprehending it like your videos is another!!!

[@jtodora]

I was a controls engineer for 45+ years and also taught industrial controls and PLC's at the local community college. You have a very nice teaching style, good job. I just found your channel so what I'm about to say you might have already addressed in another video, but when using Arduino, I tell people to never use the delay() function because the delay() function literally stops the program from executing code. So...if you set a delay(3000) 3-seconds and there is code below the delay(3000) that needs to be serviced during that 3-sec. delay, it will not get serviced. I recommend using the millis() or micros() function and setting a duty cycle with a bit of math for current time and previous time. That way the program keeps "scanning' the loop() function even during the delay.

[@RachelDeBarrosLive]

You're absolutely right! 👍 Except for simple programs, I usually stick with millis(). I do have a video dedicated to using millis and another one for using interrupts. But I can't deny that delay is an easy concept for beginners that have little to no coding experience to understand, so that's why you see them in all my beginner videos like this one. I have another millis video coming out using a PIR sensor to orchestrate LEDs, servos, motors and mp3 players in March! Stay tuned!

[@jtodora]

@@RachelDeBarrosLive Thanks for the reply Rachel. I found your millis() video and your interrupt video. Very well done. I'll be very interested in the mp3 player. I'm doing the research for animating a Moebius 1:6 scale Lost in Space robot and already have sound files so I'll be interested in how [you] do the mp3 player. I'm looking for one that I can chose what sound track I want to play. My plan is to have everything RC controlled. That's all new ground for me, but it's so much fun!!!! I'll be watching. Great job!!! I'm so glad I found your channel. 😀😀

[@matthewevangelista7139]

Fantastic video! I am an industrial automation programmer (PLC Ladder logic mainly) and have recently been getting into Arduino and Python. Your video is very informative and great to follow. Especially for a novice Arduino user like me. Thank you for your contributions to the community!

[@diegeeleel]

This is absolutely fantastic info! Where have you been all of my electronics life?! I have done so much research and experimenting with so many motors and controllers over the years for various projects and have always been stuck with using stepper motors which I thought were the only way to achieve some kind of accurate control. As you may know stepper motors are quite limited in variety, (especially when it comes to smaller sizes), and these are also relatively 'under powered' for many applications. This type of control opens up a whole world of possibilities. Thank you so very much for your time and effort. Awesome video.

[@wavewaker2]

Just found you, and you make it look easy, you are a good teacher, I been hearing this Arduino but kinda intimated, but seeing your video, I feel I can do a simple Arduino project, thanks a lot.😊

[@JohnnieBravo1]

RACHEL !!! I am so glad I stumbled across your channel. Weird timing: I am teaching myself Arduino programming to control servo motors for some machining projects I'm trying out. Awesome job explaining what you're doing, and how the Arduino works! That helps me learn as a newbie at this stuff. I so miss seeing you on All Girls Garage! Subscribed now, so I can start getting my "Rachel" fix again !

[@thecalif2914]

First, great video and explanation! Let me give a few remarks on coding: 1. as another commentator already stated, using #define constants instead of variables for "never changing" or "magic number" values, like pin associations, or the motor's low speed (magic number 70), is better. 2. inherited from C++ (Arduino language is basically a superset of C++), you can use the shortcut var += increment instead of var = var + increment. Works with all arithmetic operators (-=, *=, /=,...). 3. try to avoid delay(). The processor is literally delaying then, means it does nothing else. You'll get in trouble if you want to do something concurrently then. 4. I'd have the movement of the motor put into a function, like void turn( int direction, int speed ), so you reduce three lines of code into one. Same with stop(). Re my point 3: I've almost nobody seen to address this, albeit this is basic microprocessor programming knowledge I learned almost 40 years ago 😊(Yes I'm an Old White Man, and credits to Professor Reichert of Engineering school Aalen who was a great teacher). I wrote a tiny class that works as a timer and executes code after a specified delay or in specified intervals, or tells you if a delay is over instead of halting the program. Also you can break the granularity down from milliseconds to microseconds, because you can use the micros() function instead of the millis(). The caveat is that this method adds some imponderability to the programs, so you can't predict when exactly which function is executed, because that depends on if some function is busy longer than the time checking interval is. But great explanation of the Arduino's power capabilities! Overloading ports is one reason why newbies fry their Arduinos and then end up frustrated.

[@ericparsons1077]

Just built this and could not have done it without your excellent video!

[@RachelDeBarrosLive]

Awesome! What project are you building with a motor?

[@williambixby3785]

This is perfect! I plan on using one of these motors for my gate openers and this is the last part I need to install it.

[@CaptainSwallowtail]

Thanks for this fantastic video! It's exactly what I've been wanting to do and you really made it clear and fun. I'm totally new to all this and this all makes clear sense.

[@RachelDeBarrosLive]

Keep me posted on your project and let me know if you'd like me to cover any other topics!

[@daves4026]

Thank you super video. Have an arduino for nearly 10 years with post purchase blues. So didn’t get much done with it. Thank you you have energised my imagination hopefully I get a project done now

[@Lorddarthvader1701]

Just sub's I have been interested in this for a long time just never found anything that at least explains it and was very helpful, you instructions made this really doable for the newbie. Great video

[@ybnormal169]

I’m so happy I found you. I’m just starting to watch your videos, but just in one video I learned a lot. My brain almost exploded just like my motor controllers have 😂

[@brianrussell5789]

I've been learning C script for making video games inside of vrchat and I recently decided to start learning about programming Arduino boards I can't believe it's all the same kind of code! Thank you for this!

[@JimRobb44]

I have learned so much from this one video that will be useful for all kinds of projects. I can imagine limit switches that would be inputs to the Arduino so as the “spider” reaches an extreme, the switch tells the Arduino to do something like, stop or set a variable, or reverse. Thank you!

[@MoisesMoy1]

I wish i found this video when i started learning arduino, sensors, and controlers. Great work.

[@jeremygeorgia4943]

I like the Drok motor controller. That's what I use. It uses FET's, and it doesn't have a heatsink, and from what I've experienced, it doesn't hardly get warm, even with heavy use. I think it has opto-isolation, and that's one reason why it has a separate ground. It seems to be a pretty trouble free controller. Also, the wire receptacles are removable. This makes it very easy to wire, if the board is already mounted in something. You can attach the wires to the receptacle, then plug it back in to the board. It also makes it easy to switch channels, if you want to test the other channel. The power input receptacle is also removable too. If some accident happens to your board, you can easily swap it out, and the project remains wired - aside from the control wires. I like that there are lights for both the control section, and the drive section, so you can tell which sections have power. Also, the positive and negative pins, for the control section are joined, so you can daisy chain & power another board, with the free pins.

[@billionlab]

I find your video very useful. Help me a lot to follow. I'm a newbie here and have troble catching up with other videos. I have to pause to find another resource to explain in details and come back to continue. But your video is totally different. Well explained in the video itself. This is amazing! Great stuff. Thank you so much and subscribed!

[@UB714]

Awesome video, Im a sophomore Mechanical Engineering student and this video really saved my project.

[@noe616]

I'm taking up Arduino programming because of you. You simplify the jargon.

[@TGUlricksen]

If everyone had this attitude we would have warp drive by now...your awesome thank you for all your effort.

[@Ilvelamp1]

I mean this with sincerity, your channel is shockingly underrated.. I learned so much in this one video! Thank you! Subbed

[@gardnep]

Rachel, you are a gem. Explanation is simple.

[@jackrichards1863]

Brilliant. No reason you came to my feed that I know of. But so good that I have this for reference now. Really enjoyed your voluptuous style and clarity as bright as your eyes. If that made sense to anyone you have a better grasp of english than I do of Arduino! After Rachel De barros explained and demonstrated how to make it function for "You"!

[@mlgboy1]

Great video with superb step by step explanation. I am new to coding with arduino and have a complicted machine to program. This has help no end to help understand the environment , instruction set and the logic too. Huge thanks for doing these vidoes.

[@markhodgson2348]

You have a great way of putting the information over I'm new to coding.

[@michaelclarquist6459]

You teach very well and your personality makes the videos very easy and fun to watch.

[@kjellmagnehien538]

This tutorial was amazing! Well done! I really want to start playing around with Arduino and motors. For random direction you could have a variable 0-2 in the loop and use IF variable= 0 then INpin1=low and INpin2=high.

[@patriciadoldores7151]

Its fun listening to you and you're telling it as a story, and my brain thinks "oh, now its actually easy to understand". Thanks for this!

[@MarkHarrison-rp2tq]

I love how arduino has opened up this kind of work to people without formal technical backgrounds. For a lot of things, if someone can make a spreadsheet, they can use common sense and online examples to do what they need. I love watching your stuff, since you embody that ethos perfectly. Keep it up, and good luck to creative people adding tech to their creations!

[@trevorhitchen5822]

I almost gave up on coding arduino and normally use other people codes , but you have gave me motovation to have another go .

[@arnopfuetzenreiter9536]

Gostei da maneira de explicar a programação. Parabéns! Estou estudando programação como hobby.👍👍

[@Platttraining]

Outstanding video! You are a great & fun teacher. I will be using your videos in my high school classes I teach.

[@MiguelRamirez-ld7sy]

This looks like so much fun. You're using 12v automotive components, 110v power supply and that little red board is doing all the work. Nice.

[@spudnickuk]

I love the way you teach as it sinks in, I would like to have this project but have it reduced in size, meaning using an ATtiny54 or 85 chip to control the motor and to have only one power source and to turn it on using a push button trigger and upon release it stops, It would be pefect for me to start a robot project that is manually controlled. Iwill work out the coding by myselfas cant expect everthing to be done :)

[@rustymyers]

Great video on controlling motors! Super helpful for a quick start, especially if you have not used Arduino or motors before.

[@DavidLindes]

2:57 - you're definitely not the only one! (I'm embarrassed to even say how long ago some of my not-yet-completed, but-still-being-worked-on projects got their first starts...... 😲) Nice tutorial!

[@srendesigns1409]

One of the best videos I’ve seen on this topic with the demo..👍👍

[@thediscoman2001]

i sat and watched your video last night in bed and though this video is gunna be a right bag of u know what, but bugger me turned out really good i actually learned summet that is going 2 be bloody usefull to me so big thumbs up and iv subscribed

[@PlamenMonev]

You, madam, earned a subscription from an arduino beginner. Very nicely explained, so that everyone can understand what you're doing. Good job.

[@skillsrobles]

that was the best explanation of code on the arduino ive seen.

[@paultaylor319]

Great tutorial, Especially as i was looking to build my own motion sensor for a sim racing rig using Simhub, Subscribed!!!!

[@RickardsGarage]

Hi Rachel and thanks for a great video 🫡 I really like how your explained all the functions of the arduino so now i feel like starting to use mine that's been in my drawer for 5years 😂 Keep up the good work and you've got yourself a new subscriber from Sweden 👍😁

[@SylvesterOziomek]

Outstanding tutorial. Turning that motor on or off with a button or sensor would be a dream come true for me.

[@RachelDeBarrosLive]

Great idea for a future workshop! In the meantime, I have an upcoming one about how to control a motor with a motion sensor later this month.

[@shadetreemechanicracing22]

I love your accent. I need to get back to my arduino and raspberry pie projects. Thanks for the motivation.

[@bobbyboy1962]

Everybody else on here has already stated it so i wont, oh hell yes i will, absolutely brilliant video/tutorial, the best i have ever seen on coding, thank you

[@THE-LAST-PIXELS]

Thank you for providing such a great video, you were a pleasure to watch and so very good at teaching!

[@damianbutterworth2434]

I use 3 relay`s to control my wiper motor. One for power on and the other two for direction. The motor is used to cover my greenhouse up at night with a canopy. The arduino program memory and RTC lasts all winter outside in minus 10 sometimes.

[@user-im8yv6ne4f]

hi...excellent video....now i know who to call when there is a lot of repetitive production work.... like heavy lifting...or navigation stuff...have fun out there...

[@SuperTrikeBicycle.]

You explain it simple. Make it easy to understand.

[@ElectronicProjectsLFVC-hr1op]

I like the way you explained it. I learned and at the same time I had a lot of fun. Your are the best.

[@RachelDeBarrosLive]

Thank you! 😃

[@nemanjarankovic8883]

Beautiful! Finally explaining it all! Thank you!

[@jayjudice4298]

I have been wanting to add Arduino to my props for a couple of years but have been too scared to start, until now. Thanks!

[@shakejones]

Great video+explanation+presentation! Thank you for sharing well done mate - NEW SUB 🙏🏻

[@joetkeshub]

Great pedagogy Rachel! Thank you! You earn a new sub!

[@scottclayton1600]

Love your channel and thanks for explaining like you do. I am hoping you could follow up on this vid with adding load control, eg. maintain a set speed with a variable motor load. Maybe adding an encoder to measure the pulse width and adjust when required. The hardware I am good with, but the coding I am still learning.

[@Aelrook]

Thank you for the tutorial. Subscribed and ready for more.

[@Dfresh-h4r]

That was really fun to look. Good job. Vary clear explanation to understand in detail.

[@chrisduguay4551]

Extremely Helpful!!! I'm planning on making my own Kitty Litter Robot.

[@seeking9145]

Come herr to learn more about motor controlling. But I also learned new stuff of the arduino I didn't knew before. Thank you very much 😊

[@davidcruse4298]

I love you so much for this wish i would have found you sooner such a Big help you are down to earth and keep it simple Thank you so much

[@myketrip8938]

You are really good at explaining . Imma give this project a go. Just need a motor controller :)

[@pauljanssen7594]

Basically this would be a good video if you show how to control the wiper motor at delay various speeds between low and high and then you have the shut-off circuits that make sure the wiper blades shut off and the blades are in the right position. This should be super great video with just with simple things like this, especially the time delay on an older wiper motor.

[@raywebb8253]

Excellent true explanation of the workings between the motor to arduino. Spot on!

[@ScreamingTurtleRacing]

Thanks, I can apply these ideas to controlling my 12v slotcar track!

[@planker]

Squiggly Pins are the Boss. MOSFETs are clean and simple, but piggy backing four L293Ds to make a 4.8 Amp driver is top shelf hacking. Good Show

[@RachelDeBarrosLive]

😄

[@afraimuangnory7195]

Great video with wonderful step by step explanation. Thank you for uploading this video I will be following all video for more knowledge .

[@user-rd7pr5wk2o]

such a nice video, clear explanation, I wish youtube was just this

[@FrancisQuigley]

Really good tutorial, so easy to follow and understand thanks for sharing.

[@lucasthompson1650]

For that last example if you want to avoid the case of double zeros or double ones stopping the motor, change the first 3 lines of your loop: void loop() { int spinDir = random(0,2); digitalWrite(IN1pin, spinDir); digitalWrite(IN2pin, 1-spinDir); … Now whatever spinDir is set to (0 or 1), the second pin will be set to 1 minus that value: so if it picks 0, the second pin will be 1 - 0 = 1. If it picks 1, second pin will be 1 - 1 = 0. Any time you need to flip between 2 numbers but don’t want to waste time checking the current value, perhaps in an interrupt routine, just add the 2 numbers together and set the value to that sum minus the current variable. This will always work as long as you initialize the variable to one of the two values. So if you need a variable K to flip between 13 or 77, just do: … int K = 13; // initialize variable … K = 90 - K; // flip to other value … So the first time it flips: 90 - 13 = 77 Second flip: 90 - 77 = 13 Etc…

[@abualbushribrahimhusseinmohame]

man thankyou for this addition 😍