German Wars of Unification: The Battle for Königshügel, 1864 (Part 2)

The Battle of Königshügel marked the invasion of Austria into Denmark, during in Second Schleswig War. But the conflict with Denmark wa years in the making. The Austrian Empire experienced a very turbulent history preceding 1864, which is just as important to pay attention to as the military conflict itself.
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🧾 Chapters:
0:00 Introduction
0:05 The "German" Crisis
1:59 The troubled Austrian Empire
13:05 The Battle for Königshügel
21:45 Aftermath
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►Battles and History of Prussia: • Prussian Battles
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📚 Sources:
Written by House of History
🎵 Music courtesy of www.epidemicsound.com
🖼 Photos, paintings and imagery: Public Domain, Wikicommons
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[@HoH]

📜This video is not sponsored. Do you enjoy House of History? Consider joining my Patreon and for as little as $1 per video you get ad-free early access to my videos and help support my work: www.patreon.com/houseofhistory. Parts 3 to 5 are already online there!

[@farmerboy9029]

Isn’t it fascinating that Franz Josef helped Prussia, fought Prussia fought Italy,saw Germany unite, and then finally fight a world war. Absolutely fascinating to go from line warfare in 1848 to modern warfare in 1914

[@JimLaifstail]

I love how you take the time to break down and explain European diplomacy and political developments prior to the actual battle

[@mrgopnik5964]

I’m not a military leader, so there’s probably something I’m not seeing, however Ritz’s decision to bayonet charge the Austrians, instead of firing at them from behind the fortifications seems like a huge blunder. When your force is outnumbered, you want to avoid direct confrontation as much as possible, so what he could have done was hold the fortifications, then retreat to an elevated position, once they’re overrun. As I said, I don’t know why he did that, maybe he had learned from the Italian campaigns that the Austrians have low morale and expected the line to break, or simply didn’t have enough ammunition.

[@zurgesmiecal]

Colonel Joshua L. Chamberlain: "Am I joke for you?"

[@thomasbaagaard]

What fortifications? Just like in episode one the extent of Danish fortifications are exaggerated. But the hill was in its self a good defensive position even without strong fortifications. Rits was a chaos factor running around like a madman giving orders left and right to any Danish unit he came across, no matter if they where under his command or not. And in some cased the company commanders (who in the Danish system, unlike the American one, had actual tactical command of their 200 man company) flat out refused his orders. Rits and the other regimental commander in the 7th brigade LT. Col Beck, where the two worst Danish regimental commanders in the army. (Beck decided to leave his regiment during the fight at sankelmark, because his adjutant had been lightly wooded) On the other hand, to defend Rits's actions. The Danish force was made up of companies from different regiments thanks to a rather bad system for outposts and pickets and none of the other regimental commanders actually moved forward to take command. So someone had to take control of the fight. And his personal bravery can't be questioned. Also by acting aggressive, there was a chance that the Austrians might overestimated Danish numbers and called off the attack. .. but they did not. That said, there is no question that Rits' command style and tactical ideas was based on the bayonet... and he followed this.

[@Jharug87]

To the previous comments i would also like to add that the political situation in Denmark was rather peculiar at this time and there where loads of people that had a kind of near hubris (especially among the nobility and nobility had most of the offisers at this point of time in history) and thought that there where no way that Denmark could not hold on to Schleswig and Holstein. They belived that it was absolutley Danish soil, or so i have been told. Now I'm not sayng this happened nor did not happen i'm just saying that surley this must have influenced dessitions here and there everywhere during this conflict.

[@michaelbuchinger6191]

I hope you mention the Austrian fleet that sailed from the Adriatic to Denmark to blockade the country. The commander Admiral Tegetthoff would later defeat the Italians at Lissa in 1866. A very interesting, unexpected and overlooked battle.

[@theblindlucario5093]

That telegram from the Emperor to Gyulay was savage lol - love this content!

[@ottovonbearsmark8876]

It’s fascinating how you can already see Bismarck playing the great powers of each other. Using Austrian support against Denmark, while also using discontent between France and Austria to set up a better position in the next war.

[@garthgourdon643]

I cheered aloud at seeing Helmuth von Molke the Elder being referenced and quoted; an unbelievably underrated genius.

[@David_Brinkerhoff93]

The absolute height of complex and nuanced European diplomacy.

[@nathanappleby5342]

The Danes going on offense in the second phase of the battle with a bayonet charge was a bold move even though it didn't work. In their first combat performance in five years after it's defeat in the Franco-Austrian War, the Austrians did rather well. This war shows the Danish Army is not the army it was 15 years before. Looking forward to the next one and in particular the Battle of Dybbol.

[@davidwoolbright3675]

It wasn’t bold. It was stupid.

[@AdamBechtol]

@@davidwoolbright3675 My thoughts exactly.

[@Teutonicredneck]

The battle of Stühlwißenberg is rarely talked about in english speaking circles except for when people mention St. Lawrence of Bridisi. That would be a cool battle to cover. And I don't mean the siege that preceded it.

[@danielsantiagourtado3430]

YES! more of this incredible time of history!🙂🙂

[@PunkerTrottzEltern]

It's strange seeing this as someone who comes from the area. I did always wonder how it all played out. I came for 3 years almost daily through some of the towns mentioned.

[@TheAustrianAnimations87]

I missed your battle of Mysunde video last week, but I'm glad that I at least got a notification of this video! It's still interesting that the Austrian Empire actually performed occasionally well against some enemies like Denmark or Italy. However, they would later get badly crushed by the Prussians.

[@albertosoto751]

When you say Redezstky I can't help but hum the famous march.

[@nirfz]

The unwillingness to participate in the crimean war (from what i read) was due to not being in any position to actually participate without ceizing to exist as an empire. Due to how the war unfolded no matter which side austria would join, it's allies would have expected it to basically be part of the battlefield and take the majority of the landfighting. And it was in no position to actually do that. And so it bluffed it's way through the time of the crimean war trying to consolidate itself internaly again. In the end, the bluff kind of "worked" as nobody attacked them, but it also worked in a away that got both sides angry and think "they didn't help us even though they should".

[@TheAustrianAnimations87]

Staying out of the Crimean War was actually the best decision Austria did, even if it costed Russia as ally. People often blame Austria for not helping Russia and that it was the "biggest loser", however an Austrian entry could've ended far worse as it was still recovering from the almost lost Hungarian Revolution. Austria's main goal in the 19th century was simply to survive by keeping its ethnicities together and to keep up with the other great powers (despite its decline), plus Austria didn't want the Crimean War to escalate.

[@zurgesmiecal]

@@TheAustrianAnimations87 and then Frenchies attacked foolish Austrians in Italy lol

[@TheAustrianAnimations87]

@@zurgesmiecal Because Sardinia wanted war and knew France would only help if Austria attacked first. So Sardinia provoked Austria intentionally and rejected the Austrian ultimatum to stop military maneuvers right next to the Austrian border.

[@lerneanlion]

If the Austrian government pulled the move similar to King James I of England back then y claiming that the Austrian troops left to fight for Russia on their own accord and receive no command or sponsorship from the government to do so just like how did not claim responsibility for the English troops who voluntarily left on their own to fight for the fellow Dutch Protestants in the Low Countries, then neither the Allies or Russia can do anything about it just like how Spain cannot England out that the Treaty of London in 1604 has been violated because it is not in fact violated at all. It's a perfect loophole.

[@zurgesmiecal]

@@lerneanlion because stupid Austrians supported the Anglo-French alliance, but didn't dare to attack Russia openly. Just forcing Russia to station lots of troops at the Austrian border was enough that the Anglo-French invaders could withstand the Russians on the Crimea

[@plasticrocket08]

Great video!

[@iceman9678]

Another great update. Thank you!

[@silentone11111111]

Enjoying this channel. Keep up the content ❤

[@mikelane9918]

Another great video buddy

[@KHK001]

Excellent work as always!

[@EricNielsen85]

This is brilliant. Thank you so very much.

[@boogaloobomber9889]

These videos are sooo good. Hope you get more attention in the future because i most definitely want to see more.

[@GhosthandGod]

Thank you for covering this. There isnt many high quality videos for the Slesvig wars.

[@Jesse_Dawg]

I love these videos. Please more videos

[@brokenbridge6316]

I think this series will turn into a good one

[@g1a18]

amazing video greeting from Mousl

[@alanwardell3680]

great job more unification please

[@hotsauce2644]

Very good 👍🏻👍🏻

[@00HoODBoy]

House of history going strong. Id love a series on Timur of all people if youd be interested. Always appreciate these

[@kaspernielsen9149]

Finally someone making some stuff about Denmark. Can you do some about the first war as well. ❤

[@collintrytsman3353]

excellent

[@bulldowozer5858]

To be fair, since the Austrains had a 4-to-1 advantage, "just" 19 more casualties seems like a very desirable outcome. Especially on the attackers side.

[@matveykurland7012]

Could you please do a video on the Battle of Minden?

[@fosphor8920]

When is part 3? Can't wait haha

[@HoH]

Next week, but I published it on Patreon already!

[@fosphor8920]

@@HoH Cool, thx for the heads up!

[@hotsauce2644]

@@HoH what battle will it be ?

[@maxpower4436]

thank you great video

[@auxiliary3784]

I would like to see a Crimean war series, considering youre currently making two series about the Victorian era. Also excited for the Austro-Prussian and Franco-Prussian wars. Would like to see a Russo-Turkish war too

[@mohammedsaysrashid3587]

A great historical coverage of that matters [ unification wars of Germany 🇩🇪 through different prospectives and competitions on Germany territories before unification which not spare any one

[@CuongHoang-qf8gk]

Please, What's program to make those boxes battle? I mean the animations

[@tttgkgi]

Can you Maybe make a video about A.W. Dinesen

[@DSS-jj2cw]

Please do a video on the Russo-Turkish War (1877-1878)

[@danielsantiagourtado3430]

Amazing video as always man! I'm always happy to see an Austrian Victory! And maybe you could do a video of the Battle of Crecy?

[@HoH]

Good suggestion, I finished writing a script about Crecy a while ago. I might make work of it soon.

[@danielsantiagourtado3430]

@@HoH Cool!

[@alanribeiro1989]

video bacana . abraços brazil .

[@kaijudirector5336]

Oh dear. I didn't expect the Bruderkrieg so soon after I wondered if it would be next. What's next, the later Napoleonic coalitions?

[@pascal831]

Soundtrack @20:30?

[@Raphael-pt7rx]

16:37 79 killed and 25 captured "heavy losses"

[@radec5166]

Cavour: Yeah, this is big brain time.

[@civyart]

I'm curious to know, House, what is the title of the music you used from 13:00 to 13:30? I notice it's your trademark track for transitioning from pre-battle narration to battle narration.

[@HoH]

Follow the Falcon :)

[@civyart]

@@HoH :D Thanks so much!

[@lerneanlion]

If possible, I would like to see how will this channel handled the last Roman-Iranian War of 602-628 and how Emperor Heraclius forced Shah Khosrow II to accept peace on his terms. Plus, I've also come to believe that the strategies employed by Emperor Heraclius in this "last Great War of the Antiquity" is what can be used to help Paradis survived the war against Marley in Attack on Titan as well.

[@HoH]

Great suggestion! I'll look for some books. Any sources you'd recommend?

[@lerneanlion]

@@HoH Well, I only looked at the videos of the other channel and Wikipedia so far. However, Wikpedia itself has shown many sources of information down below as well.

[@lerneanlion]

@@HoH One more thing, there is this crucial information you needed to keep in mind. Emperor Heraclius did sue for peace with Shah Khosrow II once he became the Emperor by sending the ambassadors to one of the Sha's generals, Shahin, who accepted the peace offer but stated that he has no authority to engage in peace talks and direct the offer to the Shah in Ctesiphon. However, the Shah rejected the peace proposal and even have the ambassadors arrested, declaring his intention to keep Syria, Egypt, Rhodes and other islands in the Aegean Sea conquered by his forces in his Empire by claiming that he intended to put his brother-in-law, Theodosius, son of the late Emperor Maurice, on the throne. This, however, ended up dissatisfied many nobles because this war is now basically directionless. Plus, the rumor that Theodosius survived is just a rumor and nobody knows for real that the person who presented to Shah Khosrow II by the rebellious Roman magister militum named Narses is really Theodosius or not. This is one of things both videos I saw lacked. Along with why General Shahrbaraz decided to suddenly become inactive in Syria as well. The reason for his sudden inactive is because the Roman troops intercepted the Shah's letter and the Emperor offered to meet him at Constantinople. That is when he heard of what inside of the letter, which said that his second-in-command, Kadarigan, is to have him executed for failing to take Constantinople and assume command of his army. Angered by this, he switched to the Romans' side, change the content of the letter to not only just having himself but also Kadarigan and other 140 military officers to be executed on the Shah's order to ensure their loyalties to him, and leave to station in Syria throughout the whole war, allowing the Romans to terrorize the Iranian heartland unchecked until the war ended in the Roman's favor. Also, Emperor Heraclius sealed his alliance with General Shahrbaraz by marrying his deaf-mute son, Theodosius, to his daughter, Nike. So when you do video about this last war between the Romans and the Iranians, I hope these two contents will be added and mentioned as well.

[@killianlile173]

I'm quite curious as to why the casualties in these battles were so light compared to battles happening across the Atlantic in the American Civil War. I would assume they'd have comparable technology yet in the ACW battles would have casualties in the thousands quite often. I'd be interested to learn why that's the case, if it's a difference in terrain, tactics, fighting style, morale or other variables.

[@HoH]

The Austro-Prussian War, which broke out two years later, saw immense casualties. Even compared to the ACW. One of the reasons for the "low" amount of casualties was simply that the Danish army wasn't big, and the Prussians & Austrians both sent armies taking those numbers in mind. At best, 55,000 combined Austro-Prussian forces fought perhaps 37,000 Danes. During the Austro-Prussian War, armies numbering up to 220,000 faced each other. I will cover that war in-detail on my channel as well.

[@thomasbaagaard]

Americans where bad at (battalion level) tactics, badly disciplined and untrained in marksmanship. And movement was done in slow moving lines. (like in the 18th century) The result is that an attack usually ended in a long firefight at close range with 20-25% casualties for both sides. But no real result. So the claim that Napoleonic tactics was used in 1861-65 is wrong. Since Napoleonic infantry tactics is all about quick movements in column with large numbers of skirmishers covering that movement. Both Danes and Austrians moved in columns when attacking. And used a lot of skirmishers. in heavy skirmish lines. (a danish skirmish line got about 2½5t time the men pr. length of frontline compered to how its done in the US system so the skirmish lines where in many ways the main way of fighting ) So when an serious attack was launched it usually resulted in much quicker fight. Either The attacker was stopped by the defensive fire, and then pulled back out of range. Leaving some dead and wounded behind. But much fewer than what a hour ling firefight would have resulted in. (the danish drill makes this very clear, you should NEVER try change from column into line under fire, if the attack gets stooped) Or the attack is not stopped, and then the defender will almost always break before getting into close combat. Again resulting in fewer casualties in total... even when both sides like to attack this way.

[@gerardjagroo]

When he said that both the Austrians and Danes suffered heavy casualties in the 400s I was like 'what?' In an army of tens of thousands 400 is a scratch.

[@HoH]

@@gerardjagroo This wasn't an army of 10s-of-thousands though. At best, 4500 troops from either side (likely much less on the Danish side) engaged.

[@Archer-op9cp]

​@@thomasbaagaardwell, the danish infantry was facing Jaegers this time, they were the elite marksmen of the austrian army, at least on paper

[@napoleonibonaparte7198]

Withering fire would've been better at holding the Austrians back longer than a bayonet charge when outnumbered.

[@shaifunnessa7816]

El CiD biography please make video

[@andyanderson5326]

The New Zealand wars battle of Gate pa.

[@martian7754]

There is no proper video about battle of montisgard 😢, can u make one?

[@HoH]

Great suggestion!

[@MCorpReview]

At one point, wasn’t Prussia a vassal of Austria (the empire)? These Teutonic knights have clearly jumped beyond their station 🚉

[@ryanjuguilon213]

Prussia was not a Teutonic Knight creastion. 2nd at some point the Habsburgs were vassals of some other emperors. Dynaties come and go. 3rd dont claim leadership if you are too incompentent. Other competent men/nation will assume that role. 4th at this age only an imbecile believes in station and priviliges.

[@beepboop204]

[@TheSlazzer]

Dear House of History (and others willing to discuss), I was very surprised at the video stating at 1:07, that "The Austrian Empire and its supporters promoted the Greater German Solution, which aimed to unify all German-speaking peoples under a single state". This is contrary to what I learned back in school (I am from Germany) - and my impression formed during studying history as a hobby, since. It was my impression that the house of Habsburg did in fact *not* want a "Germany united under a single state" but rather keep the status quo of a loose confederation of states ("Deutscher Bund"), instead. Aiming to repress nationalism instead. There was a nationalistic movement, also in Austria, but not a majority of Austrians. Also not the Emperor and habsburg dynasty. I wonder what your sources are for the "unify (...) under a single state"-aspect of it. Not saying you did use it as the source for that part of the video, but just to illustrate how this might be a gross, widespread misinterpretation of Austrian foreign policy in the 19th century: The English version of the wikipedia article "German question" says this: "The Großdeutsche Lösung ("Greater German solution") favored unifying all German-speaking peoples under one state, and was promoted by the Austrian Empire and its supporters." However, the German page doesn't mention anything about Austria favoring the Greater German solution (again, in the sense of one nation state). And I'm not aware of any source stating - and can't think of a historical event indicating - that "Austria" showed interest in this at all. I'm open to change my mind, however!

[@CatOfSchroedinger]

Good for you to understand how the MIGHTY YT-algorithm works ;-) More power to you and your channel !

[@HoH]

Honestly, I have no idea how it works. If I did, my videos would reach much larger crowds I'd imagine.

[@CatOfSchroedinger]

@@HoH The Spiffing Brit has two or so videos about premiering and the length of YT-videos etc. He's mainly a PC gaming guy who finds exploitables in game algorithms but occasionally does stuff on KZbin itself and other systems. (Always to be taken with a grain of salt, but his theory about premiers on YT was tested together with his common audience.) - Of course you will then have to drink Earl Grey Tea (insider joke) for the rest of your life (as I do anyways) as coffee is for peasants. - Good Luck ! ;)

[@HoH]

@@CatOfSchroedinger I didn't know, thanks. And I'm more of a tea-man myself as well ;)

[@frog6581]

the dead count doesnt seem to be that immense, though I am not very familiar with warfare in this age. What was the dead and wounded count of a typical battle? 400 seems to be quite low to me.

[@Archer-op9cp]

Given the amount of troops both sides fielded that day, they both suffered a high rate of casualties, for a relatively short battle

[@frog6581]

@@Archer-op9cp that doesnt really tell me anything. like that's what the video said, you are just restating it.

[@janlindtner305]

👍👍👍

[@craigcanaan]

I miss the series on Frederick the Great

[@HoH]

I already covered all his battles, I cannot make any up. 😉

[@volkervonalzey2770]

I really Love your work. The series on the Silesian Wars was magnificient. However, sometimes on the map the borders look slightly weird to me. For example the eastern border of east Prussia is to far in the West and Switzerland extends to much into France. Why is that? Keep Up the great work!

[@1987MartinT]

12:55-13:07 Rude!

[@johnrohde5510]

My only quibble would be that Napoleon III *was* a fool.

[@urrrr]

1:56 I don't think that's what the caption is supposed to say lol

[@HoH]

Ah I switched the quotes! That one is later in the video.

[@cubaj8723]

Given the way people talked back then, “surly you can do as well as the old ass Radetsky” is really funny

[@danielpetersen7856]

The German names of places in Slesvig are mostly transliterations of Danish names. Therefore I cannot avoid being offended by the complete disregard of the original names, at least in the form of a tiny text, just for the sake of making it nuanced. It's called Kongshøj since many centuries before! Otherwise great videos on the conflict.

[@ryanjuguilon213]

Tgat is irrelevant and cluttered. By this time southern Schlesweig was german, with german place names. Only the north remained danish

[@cavalr1002]

Love the video, but I can hear you have a tough time pronouncing some of the names

[@luitpoldwalterstorffer2446]

Austria favored Greater Austria which included all German and all Austrian/Habsburg territories. Austria would not accept a Greater German solution which would exclude any non german speaking Habsburg territories (Hungary, Croatia,...).

[@flashyfantail5665]

All that work putting together great history content and 1 second into the video the title says February 3 , 1854…whoopsie.

[@HoH]

Wow I didn't even notice. That's incredibly frustrating.

[@thereub8166]

Wtf is going on here? 9:34

[@janjensen4719]

Den hedder Kongshøj.

[@jamieoglethorpe]

I don't see my name in the credits - KZbin member

[@HoH]

Good that you mention it, I will add it right away!

[@TheInternetFan]

daje Italia! un pezzetto qui, un pezzetto lì e famo l'Italia unita. Poi dopo famo pure gli italiani.

[@julienpellegrino5395]

Great battle but 415 men killed on 35.000 is not huge loss eh ?

[@rodriqcc]

The eastern end of Prussia looks like its flipping off Russia. 😮😂

[@sinamirmahmoud7606]

it's all English markets crashing ...

[@rackzoz5749]

pathetic resistance... Any insight on why?

[@rasmuslundsnnichsen4984]

Well, one thing is that Dannevirke was not a 'mighty' defence line, as otherwise mentioned in the video. It was basically falling apart at this point. Another might be that the danish army (and ESPECIALLY danish politicians) had a false sense of pride after their victory in the first Schlesvig war - where they only managed to defeat the german rebels after prussia was forced out of the war by UK. So when they met real opposition they folded.

[@gerardjagroo]

What sort of idiot abandons the high ground and stops his men from shooting at the advancing Austrians _just to engage in hand to hand combat?!_

[@wael4070]

The poor Danes fighting Austrian and Prussian force combined. 0 chance to beat them

[@dittmannrudolfrohr2149]

"German speaking" You mean German.

[@zurgesmiecal]

you betray Russia, you lose

[@nvelsen1975]

'The German Question'? Well it's okay to ask questions, but just don't allow Austrian painters to give any final solutions to such questions, it doesn't work out well. 😉

[@ChimeraActual]

I'm bloated with adjectives. Bye.

[@AdamBechtol]

My goodness, gracious. How stupid to abandon heavily fortified defensive positions to charge headlong into an enemy of superior number. I guess it's nice to occasionally see real-life stupid commanders in these types of videos, instead of all the famously brilliant battles.

[@wasfureinbua]

a.i. art is bad :(

[@HoH]

Most of the artwork used in this video is original.

[@CatOfSchroedinger]

"The outcome of the war hang in the balance." Hmm. Really ? Was there ever a chance that the Danish Nationalists ("Liberals") who wanted to extend their idea of what "Danish" means beyond what had been agreed upon in 2 (two !) previous international treaties would be able to force their perception of reality on a power with much more resources plus the minority living on what the Nationalists now claimed was their territory ? Come on ! .. But I just love the (albeit fake) suspense you are creating ;-) and promise to totally bite my fingernails until we see Dübbol.

[@POLITICUS-DANICUS]

Extend their ideas? What are you on about? Slesvig don't fall under the category of extending the definition, when Slesvig has always been Danish, and the Germans who lived in the south of Slesvig was relatively newly arrived immigrants.

[@guzelataroach4450]

its german land always had been

[@POLITICUS-DANICUS]

@@guzelataroach4450 You should brush up on your history. In 1074, German Adam of Bremen documented in his work "Gesta Hammaburgensis ecclesiae pontificum" that the border between the Danes and Germans was situated at the Ejder River. Extensive archaeological research, tracing back to the migration period,(400-600AD, after the Angles had left for England) indicates that the ethnic and cultural border existed in the marshes just south of the Ejder River. (Which means Ægirs door in Old Norse). We also have accounts from the Frankish chronicles, which confirm that the Danes successfully repelled multiple German invasions in their effort to conquer Slesvig. (600-1000) The noteworthy aspect is that all the towns and natural landmarks in Slesvig bear Danish names. Even the name Slesvig itself is Danish, meaning "the bay at the river Sle." The German names in Slesvig are merely transliterations of the original Danish names. The term "Schleswig" holds no particular meaning; it's essentially nonsense. The same applies to Haithabu, which is a German rendition of the Danish name Hedeby, meaning Moortown Furthermore, our sagas recount the construction of a colossal wall called Dannevirke (Dane-Fortress), spanning the entire peninsula, by the Danes to defend against German incursions and to keep them out. And the ruins of the wall still exist today in South Slesvig. Even the name of Denmark, that means "the marshlands/Borderlands of the Flatlanders" refers to the marshlands in South Slesvig. The Germans gradually began colonizing Slesvig during the late Middle Ages, initially in small numbers. Over time, their population grew until they gained enough strength in the 1850s to rebel against Denmark, making the audacious claim that it was German territory. This was nothing short of a straightforward colonization effort. Additionally, it is important to note that even during the discussions surrounding the concept of klein and gross Deutschland in the 1850s, none of the German nationalists recognized Slesvig as part of Germany. They all agreed that the border should be drawn at the Ejder River. Furthermore, historical records show that the Holy Roman Empire recognized Slesvig as Danish territory and only recognized Holstein as a German duchy in the Empire . This further supports the understanding that Slesvig was not considered part of Germany during that time. After 1864, Bismarck implemented a Germanization policy aimed at suppressing Danish culture in all its shapes and forms. This policy involved the expulsion of Danes and the forceful assimilation of the majority who remained, with the goal of Germanizing them. Fortunately, the Germans were unable to completely Germanize the northern region of Slesvig. The Germans has no claim to Slesvig other than that of colonizers.

[@malthejurgensen1546]

​@@POLITICUS-DANICUS You dropped this king: 👑

[@malthejurgensen1546]

@@guzelataroach4450 Oof, cringe

[@berserker4940]

Great video!