Germanic Verbs; the History of English Verbs

Have you ever wondered why English verbs have such variety of Irregulars, that are similar to each other?
Well in this video, we go over the history of the English verb, and see a connection between English, and the language's closest relatives.
Patreon: patreon.com/Schwar
Reddit: www.reddit.com
Sources -
Ringe, D. A. (2017). From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic. United Kingdom: Oxford University Press.
Ringe, D. A., Taylor, A. A. (2006). The Development of Old English. United Kingdom: Oxford University Press.
Fortson, B. W. (2011). Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction. Germany: Wiley.
Fulk, R. D., Hogg, R. M. (2011). A Grammar of Old English, Volume 2: Morphology. Germany: Wiley.
Fulk, R. D. (2018). A Comparative Grammar of the Early Germanic Languages. Netherlands: John Benjamins Publishing Company.

[@KatMistberg]

I would like to know the history of the irregular verb yeet/yote/yoten

[@TrueSchwar]

Unfortunately all I can find is that it appears to be cognate with German “geißen”, which is a strong verb class 1 in German with “giss, ist gegissen” as its principal parts. Other than that, we have no source.

[@aramisortsbottcher8201]

@@TrueSchwar gießen, goss, ist gegossen ;)

[@deutschermichel5807]

​@@aramisortsbottcher8201korrekt

[@ikbintom]

Dutch cognate: gieten - goot - gegoten. Means to pour

[@MrTrololow]

woah, I thought this video has like hundreds of thousands of views, but apparently it has a very little amount and I noticed it only at the very end. You're doing great job! Please don't stop, even if youtube algorithms is cruel as hell, your videos, at least this one, are really good

[@faizyroombaunit908]

I haven't commented on your videos yet but I would just like to say that they are beautifully made and so soothing for me, and are really just something I can watch when I just want a quick bite of linguistics-y info. They're also super great to show to friends! They're amazing videos and I really hope you catch some luck with the algorithm soon! Keep it up, you're doing stellar, darling 💜 /lh

[@AnonYmous-jp3qd]

Sorry for the nitpick, but... 3:08 Fairly sure the perfect and passive are not tenses; the perfect is an aspect and the passive is a voice. Otherwise, great video!

[@TrueSchwar]

Trust me, not a nitpick. I probably used tenses as in colloquial speech, tense and conjugation are somewhat synonymous. Especially so when true conjugation is related to tense or aspect, it gets conflated to just tense. Less so for voice, but it happens

[@teejin669]

An amazing video. If you keep this up im sure this channel will become huge.

[@boggull]

0:34 in these constructions Icelandic follows the same word order as English, that is, "María hefur ekki lesið bókina", as opposed to what is shown on screen. Also, we don't capitalize every noun as German does. Not to detract from the video, it's fantastic!

[@weepingscorpion8739]

Wait, weak verbs coming for a suffixed -dedo is now an accepted theory? I remember reading that it was one suggested hypothesis but that there were some issues with it. I don't remember the details, sadly.

[@mezameku]

Great video :D I love germanic languages videos

[@christianstainazfischer]

Could you say that ‘to be’ is actually two verbs that act as one? Be, am and been coming from *beona, and are, is, was and were coming from *wesana?

[@TrueSchwar]

Interesting question, but probably not in this case. *beoną and *wēsaną have fully merged into one verbal paradigm within English.

[@SchmulKrieger]

It is actually consisting of three verbs.

[@deim3]

Old church Slavonic is NOT a Slavic ancestral language. It's an old Bulgarian, but it was different from it's countemporary Kyivan language or other Slavic languages. The protoslavic language has no written records.

[@m.z.2466]

5:19 you could have added war/waren to the german past tense, like you did with the other 3 languages

[@qswaefrdthzg]

The proper name of the Slavic language mentioned is Old Bulgarian as it in fact was the language spoken in the first Bulgarian Empire and not just a language invented for the liturgical purposes...

[@devroombagchus7460]

I do not agree with the term « irregular » verbs. They go back a long way, just as in all Germanic languages. What I miss dearly is the introduction of vowel change in Germanic languages to indicate change of category or tense. To bind, a bond. To flee, a flight, etc. This happens only in the Germanic group of all Indo-European languages. What other language did they get this from?

[@SchmulKrieger]

The nouns are usually abstractions from a (former) stage of the vowel change in the Germanic preterite. As German fliegen, ich fliege, ich flog (formerly flug) > noun Flug (Flight), while flight in English is a cognat of German Flucht which is Flug + t derivational morpheme, where g got palataliaed to an ach-sound. This happens a lot. Like toy, Zeug in German from ziogan (plural preterite), but also Zug from zog (formerly zug, preterite singular). Irregular verbs are in fact the continuity of the PIE ablaut classes.

[@LEO_M1]

Wouldn’t “verið” be the participle of “vera” in Icelandic?

[@TrueSchwar]

That would be the supine I do believe. From my understanding, the supine comes from a nominalization of verbs, and in Icelandic, get's used in place of the English past participle in phrasal constructions. So in English's "I have eaten", the passive participle form of 'eaten' is used, but in Icelandic, the supine is used in its place, "Ég hef étið". Now while this may seem identical, the main difference is that Participles are adjectival forms of a verb, meaning they can modify a noun. "a beaten man" vs "barinn maður".

[@SchmulKrieger]

​@@TrueSchwarIt is just call supinum in those languages (Scandinavian) while in fact, they are not. Those forms are also found in German with some verbs, but isn't grammaticalised as those in Swedish for example. The difference between »ich habe den Fernseher ausgeschaltet« vs. »der Fernseher ist ausgeschalten«. Usually it is about passive and active differentiation while using also sein vs. haben, not always, but often. I guess, in English as well as in other Germanic languages, the perfect formed with to be (að vera) is not that usual anymore, so they distinguish those forms in the conjugation of the past participle.

[@AnulaibazIV]

​@@TrueSchwarIn Icelandic ‘I have been here’ is ‘Eg hef verið hér’ and ‘I have eaten the fish’ is ‘Eg hef etið fiskinn’. In Icelandic ‘The fish is eaten’ is ‘Fiskurinn er etinn’. One would say in English ‘She is been’ just like one would not say in Icelandic ‘Hún er verin’.

[@jsmithy643]

Imagine being þe second comment.

[@Liggliluff]

Imajin beiŋ þe first repley

[@jsmithy643]

@@Liggliluff Nu ðat's rigt too far.

[@tymion2470]

0:12 hey, silesian isn't germanic, it's clearly slavic. It has many germanic word due to Silesia was German territory in the past, but grammar and most of word are still slavic and understandable for slavic people without study (more in writting but still). Many people even consider Silesian to be dialect or ethnolect of Polish

[@TrueSchwar]

en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silesian_German

[@tymion2470]

@@TrueSchwar hmm, so there are two Silesian languages, Germanic one and Slavic one, didn't heard about Germanic one

[@jasperzanjani]

never seen a Powerpoint with a finer typeface

[@spikefivefivefive]

*saw

[@prado1205]

@@spikefivefivefiveno

[@jacool2565]

First!

[@nigelogilvie9450]

Delivered too rapidly for me to follow, sorry

[@gavindima]

Put the video on .75 speed or try this trick called pausing to process, and replaying to process

[@nigelogilvie9450]

@@gavindima Lowest form of wit

[@LEO_M1]

@@nigelogilvie9450 Says the guy who doesn’t understand pausing a video.

[@jean6872]

*Way too technical and esoteric for most people.*