Glycogenolysis (Part-03) - Glycogen Breakdown Pathway | Metabolism of Glycogen into Glucose | HINDI

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1. Glycogen Metabolism Basic Introduction in HINDI. Part- 01 • Glycogen Metabolism (P...
2. Glycogenesis - Glycogen synthesis pathway in HINDI By Solution-Pharmacy • Glycogenesis | Glycoge...
Glycogen is a readily mobilized storage form of glucose. It is a very large, branched polymer of glucose residues that can be broken down to yield glucose molecules when energy is needed. Most of the glucose residues in glycogen are linked by α-1,4-glycosidic bonds. Branches at about every tenth residue are created by α-1,6-glycosidic bonds. Glycogen is a polysaccharide that is the principal storage form of glucose in animal/human cells. Glycogen metabolism is the synthesis and breakdown of glycogen. It is a very large, branched polymer of glucose residues that can be broken down to yield glucose molecules when energy is needed. The pathway for the synthesis and degradation of glycogen is not reversible.
Glycogenolysis
Definition: The breakdown or degradation of stored glycogen into glucose is called glycogenolysis. Glycogen is degraded by breaking α 1, 4-bonds and α 1, 6-bonds glycosidic bond.
Location: Cytosol of Liver and Muscle cell
In the liver, kidneys, and intestines, glucose-1-phosphate is converted (reversibly) to glucose-6-phosphate by the enzyme phosphoglucomutase.
Glucose-6-phosphate is also taken up by muscle cells, where it enters glycolysis (the set of reactions that breaks down glucose to capture and store energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate, or ATP).
Small amounts of free glucose also are produced during glycogenolysis through the activity of glycogen debranching enzyme, which completes the breakdown of glycogen by accessing branching points in the polymer.
In myocytes (muscle cells), glycogen degradation serves to provide an immediate source of glucose-6-phosphate for glycolysis, to provide energy for muscle contraction.
In hepatocytes (liver cells), the main purpose of the breakdown of glycogen is for the release of glucose into the bloodstream for uptake by other cells. The phosphate group of glucose-6-phosphate is removed by the enzyme glucose-6-phosphatase, which is not present in myocytes, and the free glucose exits the cell via GLUT2 facilitated diffusion channels in the hepatocyte cell membrane.
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