Graphene Supercapacitors Are About To Change The World - Here's How | Answers With Joe

EDIT: YES, NICKEL-CADMIUM BATTERIES ARE RECHARGEABLE. I GOT THAT WRONG. THANK YOU TO THE 1,000 PEOPLE WHO HAVE CORRECTED ME. I SHALL WHIP MYSELF IN PENANCE NOW.
We live our lives through portable devices, and the race is on to create better energy storage for those devices. Could graphene supercapacitors be the holy grail?
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Transcript:
So before I can explain how super capacitors will fix this, let’s back up and explain how batteries work in the first place.
To make it simple, batteries work by moving electrons from a negatively charged material called an anode to a positively charged material called the cathode, and the device siphons off those electrons to power the device.
For instance, nickel cadmium batteries use a nickel oxide cathode and a cadmium anode. Hence the name.
This is a chemical process called oxidation that involves an electrolyte layer sandwiched between the electrodes.
In the case of the nickel cadmium batteries, they use potassium hydroxide as the electrolyte.
But this is a one-shot deal. The chemical reaction releases the electrons, but there’s no way to re-introduce electrons into the equation.
So they’re not rechargeable. And for a world increasingly reliant on portable devices, that’s just not good enough.
Enter Lithium-Ion batteries, which were developed in the 1970’s by John B. Goodenough. That’s his real name. That’s not a joke.
Lithium ion batteries have a cathode made of lithium, duh, and an anode made of carbon, again with an electrolyte between the layers to facilitate the reaction.
The difference is lithium will absorb more electrons, so it can be recharged. But it is still a chemical reaction, so it can only reintroduce those electrons at a certain charge rate.
Super capacitors work differently. Instead of using a chemical reaction to make electrons flow, also called and electrochemical process, they use static electricity, or an electrostatic process.
Now, capacitors have been in our computers for decades, and they work by holding opposite charges between two metallic plates separated by a dielectric material.
Super capacitors, as you may have already figured out, are larger versions of capacitors that use a double layer to hold more energy. In fact they’re sometimes called double-layer capacitors.
And the cool thing about them is that since the electricity is static and not chemical, there’s far less resistance to the charge. In fact, it’s almost instantaneous.
The problem is, they don’t hold that much energy. You need a vast amount of surface area to hold enough energy to make them really useful.
So Lithium Ion batteries are very energy dense, meaning they hold a lot more stored energy, but super capacitors are very power dense, meaning the transfer the energy much faster.
If, theoretically, you could create super capacitors that could hold as much as a lithium ion battery, you’d have cell phones that could recharge in seconds and it would be good for the rest of the day.
And dare we dream it? An EV car that fully charges faster than it takes to pump gas.
There is one material that could make this dream a reality. It’s called graphene.
Graphene is basically a one-atom thick lattice of carbon atoms that has some ridiculous properties. It’s 200 times stronger than steel, but incredibly light, biodegradable, biocompatible, meaning it can be used in the human body.
They say it can be used to desalinate sea water, make space elevators, and form the basis for supercomputers, but for our purposes, it also happens to be one of the most electrically capacitive substances known to man.
It has the same energy density as lithium ion batteries with the power density of super capacitors. And since it’s only one atom thick, you can pack a ton of surface area into a small space.
With any luck, in the next 10-15 years, we’ll have super capacitor batteries that can handle energy densities at industrial scales giving us quick, plentiful electricity whenever we need it.

[@martiniz14]

I work with graphene and I can tell you this. The production of graphene is well understood and developed. Kobayashi et al managed to grow 100m of graphene on copper via chemical vapour deposition in 2013. So the synthesis of graphene, on the contrary to what you say, is not the problem. The problem comes in the steps following the production. How do you manipulate a single atomic layer of carbon without breaking it and folding it. Although the young's modulus is insanely high in graphene, when a clumsy hand ( ~ 10 million times thicker ) comes to touch it, it breaks apart like wet toilet paper. Instead of handling single atomic layers, scientists are looking into directly growing single atomic thick insulator i.e. hexagonal boron nitride on top of graphene and sealing the top with another sheet of graphene. Since C~1/d, where C is capacitance and d is the separation between the parallel plates, having atomic layer of insulator is an ideal structure for a super capacitor.

[@joescott]

Dude, this is really great info, thanks for sharing!

[@uhadonejob]

You should really interview this guy and let him talk. I wouldn't mind listening to your video except for the fact that the title is a bold face lie.

[@lachywocky]

Joe Scott please talk to this guy, needs to be better info out there about the issues with graphene and the actual strength. i heard one guy say that a single atomic thick layer can stop a bullet.... OMG!

[@odilovonsteinitz9205]

martiniz14 : Thanks for that! I think the MIT crowd who developed this new graphene sheet production process may have solved the bottleneck in industrial scale graphene sheet production. (www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/04/180418100527.htm)

[@NilsAlbertsson]

*I have nothing of worth to add here.*

[@spackle9999]

"Is there anything Graphene can't do?" It can't get out of the lab.

[@jjbees7911]

Ha! I was about to say something like that, though in not such a great way!

[@annoyed707]

In its early days, the laser was called a solution in search of a problem. How many lasers have you made use of today?

[@jjbees7911]

@@annoyed707 Totally missed the point. We know there's a lot it can do. They just can't make it cheaply and in large quantities. They can make a little very expensively in the lab.

[@DRGIZMO29]

consider that lithium ion battery was invented in 1970s and become mainstream since the early 2000s, it took a long time for a revolutionary invention to work

[@balasarathi9001]

Tóuche

[@mstfresh5139]

When the low battery sign came up actually thought it was my phone for a sec

[@RCTrend]

2 years later Graphene: "cricket noises"

[@ianturley8791]

"Tumbleweed rolls past"

[@Nalhek]

Harmonica plays in minor key

[@departmentofexternalservic2331]

In the mean time there are supercapacitors. Everyone should own at least one TEOTWAWKI supercapacitor flashlight (good for 500,000 recharges) and a small solar panel......

[@voidisyinyangvoidisyinyang885]

what about the equilateral triangle secret antigravity military aircraft? read the sightings on National UFO reporting center - those craft cause strong electromagnetic reactions and make people sick when close by.

[@ianturley8791]

Where is my Fuckin graphene!!!! *Bangs head against wall...

[@tested2032]

Lol the low battery popup at 1:40 made me think my recently charged ipad battery just crapped itself

[@joescott]

+Test ED My work here is done.

[@jasonknight1585]

Ha, I was listening, but not watching until I heard the tone, then tried to click to dismiss the low power notice. :) thanks

[@tin2001]

Test ED Same... And I'm not even using an iProduct so I should have noticed immediately that it was the wrong message, wrong font, wrong colour and so on... We humans are so stupid.

[@WildBillCox13]

"And one material can make this all possible." Money. ;-)

[@veralenora4033]

Another material at a tangent: Sci fi writers often talk about monopoles. A p[oint that's just negative. A point that's just positive. It seems to be assumed by these high science educated writers that monopoles will be essential materials in the future? Are they possible? Have any been found or created? Why, would they be essential?

[@Samvisualarts]

Time*

[@aganzha7712]

brain ;)

[@ericjianuzzi3448]

Money is fort phunhattan-on-ridge basin bay boroughville valley-ness on-sea gorge burg

[@dustinsanchez7820]

Does a superconductor stablize fluctuating molecules or does it cause negative electrical currents to repel positive ions

[@key88crazy]

As someone who surfs KZbin VERY often for content just like this video (and more often then not does not like the style of most "hosts" that naraite the video), I have to say, your presentation was great. The perfect amount of "fluff" in ratio to the actual novel content you provided me. Real quickly, even tho I call it fluff (i.e. the Dr. Goodenough gag), those moments are essential for anything scientific to not sound "clinical". The problem is, most WAY OVERDO the fluff.. I felt your ratio of information to entertinment was just perfect. Subscribed, and cant wait for more!

[@EleanorPeterson]

I'm not sure if my 4 ex-battery hens still run on rechargeable batteries, but they're very calm and contented and love digging up my tiny garden. In return for my not giving a hoot, they each lay me one egg per day. Thank you, ladies!

[@donon.2433]

Joe Scott Said "I SHALL WHIP MYSELF IN PENANCE NOW." When will that video come out?

[@dazedandconfucioused992]

2019 and still waiting....

[@SuppersReady8880]

Did we mention that NiCads are rechargeable?

[@Zenas521]

Graphene -> Fusion Power -> Space Elevator -> Plasma Shield -> Lesser Warp Drive (up to 90% the speed of light)-> Asteroid mining -> Planetary ring -> Grater Warp Drive (1 to 5 times the speed of light)-> to boldly go where no man has gone before

[@kingbyrd.1512]

Whoa. How does that all work?

[@debunkosaurus8228]

Carbon batteries and alkaline batteries are not rechargeable. Nickle-Cadmium batteries ARE rechargeable.

[@jimawhitaker]

I was thinking the very same but I was sure by this time he's heard it dozens of times ;-)

[@Alaska_Engineer]

Wow, I’ve been recharging mine and have seen no degradation in performance. I’m in remote AK and depend on the square alkaline 6v batteries for large flashlights. You just need to know how to charge them.

[@effyleven]

Quite so.

[@tysonbradley3330]

He should keep hearing about the error until he fixes it, NiCad's are toxic, but they are rechargeable, mainstream predecessor to NiMH batteries.

[@romenxgames1239]

Actually carbon and alkaline batteries can be recharged as long as you don't fully discharge them. You have to be very careful not to overcharge, especially alkaline as this can cause them to explode. They are not very good choices for recharging, as they tend to degrade rapidly after a few recharges. I believe a "rechargeable battery" is technically called an accumulator.

[@andrewgilbride7546]

Here we are four years later, still waiting.

[@mrvilla310]

nickle cadium batteries are actually rechargable, I think you meant alkaline

[@joescott]

Yeah, I got confused. Luckily only 1,792 people noticed...

[@atomgarcia5412]

*34,434

[@ChuckyLad]

1793

[@JesusRamirez-oh6wc]

Alkaline are rechargeable also, a few times.

[@mrvilla310]

Jesus ramirez the problem with alkelines being recharged is that they over heat faster making it easier for them to bulge and leak or explode. There were actually alkeline rechargers that would recharge alkelines in short burst to give them enough time to cool and prevent overheating and leaking/explosions.

[@johanstrauss3297]

Somebody said "Graphene" is that like WOW ? WOW we can do with more guys like you. Thank you !!!!

[@mcg6762]

Hmmm.. NiCd batteries ARE rechargeable

[@joescott]

+McG 🤦‍♂️

[@mcg6762]

Don't know what that answer means. I believe you were thinking of alkaline batteries in this video whenever you talked about Nickel-Cadmium ones. Nickel-Cadmium AA cells are rechargeable and were replaced by the superior NiMH AA cells.

[@joescott]

+McG I was smacking my own forehead for screwing up.

[@fulstbabor4977]

Joe Scott Yep I used to use rechargeable 7.5v NiCads in my competition radio controlled car 30 years ago. I used to fast charge them in about 5 minutes with a voltage meter attached. As soon as the voltage started to drop I would yank off the clips from the 12v lead acid battery otherwise the NiCad would cook or even explode. I lost many good batteries from not acting quick enough. I guess the point is we are only human so mistakes are Inevitable. Love your channel.

[@Electronzap]

Joe Scott I bet lol.

[@kainebishop9791]

Hah I had a duracel commercial on this video. Your days are numbered bub.

[@jessstuart7495]

0:40 You mean Alkaline Batteries. NiCd batteries are rechargeable hundreds of times. Capacitors are essentially two conductive plates separated by a small distance. C=e*A/d You can increase the capacitance by increasing the surface area (rougher or etched surface), decreasing the charge separation distance, or using an dielectric (insulator) between the plates with a higher dielectric constant. Supercapacitors take advantage of the Helmholtz double-layer to have a very small charge separation distance. Many Supercapacitors also use what is called "Pseudocapacitance" to increase their charge storage capacity. Ions in the electrolyte will migrate towards the electrodes and adsorb (stick to the surface) and give up their charge to the electrode. A very fast, reversible redox reaction occurs between the ion and the electrode surface, and this is how charge transfer occurs.

[@joescott]

I did mean that. I picked the wrong battery to use as an example. Good info, though, thanks for sharing!

[@jessstuart7495]

There are a lot of different battery types out there. I find the Li-Ion AA's to be particularly useful. They are a 3.7V Li-Ion battery with a tiny 1.5V switching regulator built-in that makes them compatible with regular Alkaline AA batteries for low current draw applications. NiCd batteries only have a full-charge voltage of about 1.2V, so some devices may not work with these. NiMH batteries are a little better (about 1.4V fully charged). A new Alkaline battery is about 1.6V.

[@volodumurkalunyak4651]

If you were to measure Ni-Cd's Ni-Mh's and Alkalines's correctly (NOT only full and UNDER LOAD) you would have discovered that for Ni-Mh and Ni-Cd start point is 1.35V, middle point is 1.2 V and end of discharge point is 1.05V. Alkalines have start point 1.5V, middle point 1.1V or 1.2V at best and end of discharge point 0.9V. Poorly designed product will drain any battery down to 1.3V, taking only small portion of charge from EITHER alkaline and rechargeables

[@22KaTsh]

Sadly, the distance between the plates need to increase for higher voltages. This puts limitations on the physical size of capacitors (and power density!) ... and the energy still needs to go in there. You'll newer charge an electric car "in minutes" from your domestic wall socket ...

[@ub3rfr3nzy94]

Question, I was just explaining it earlier to someone and I ran into a problem. I ended up with: Q = Qo.e^-t/CR C = ε0.A/d t = R(LNQo/Q)εo.A/d t ∝ εo.A/d Which kinda makes no sense since they say that a super capacitor charges and discharges faster *because* it has a larger surface area and a smaller distance between plates, but this suggests the time taken would increase. Obviously this is wrong and I messed up somewhere, probably with simple algebra. I dunno what I did wrong though?

[@enricodemeo]

Awww man, that Löw battery notification totally spooked me for a second!

[@nicktohzyu]

Lots of misinformation in this video! they are called double layer capacitors because of the helmholtz layer. "graphene is 200 times stronger than steel" - this is by mass. That means you need the same weight of stuff (but much more volume graphene).

[@kenrussell1093]

Just found and subscribed, and here it is, 2:30 in the morning. I desperately need to go to sleep, but I CAN'T!!!! Great videos!:-)

[@Volvith]

Great video, as always. Might i suggest that you tone down the volume of the music a little bit, not much, but just enough to make it hard to really focus on when you're speaking?... Maybe use music like you'd use paragraphs in a text. Whenever your core subject changes, like the transition from explaining NiCd batteries to supercapacitors, change the music to emphasize the change in subject, and to draw the viewer's attention. And possibly look around for a bit more slow-paced and more bass-y kind of music, or what you'd generally call background music. Generally, just play around with the concept a bit, i find that it generally makes video's easier to watch, and it becomes easier to keep your attention on them. (i've slept 3 hours... life choices! :D) Cheers! ^^ P.S. Two things that still aren't quite clear to me are: A) What kind of voltage and amp output would we be looking at with supercapacitor batteries? (as i doubt that a 3000MAH which can charge in seconds will have even a semi-stable output) B) Would heat be an issue? I'd find it hard to believe, as there's not much of a way present for sup-cat* batteries to generate heat, but i'm curious. :3 *(s-cat sounds wrong... do not google without the dash. really, don't. you'll regret it.)

[@joescott]

I appreciate the suggestions. :)

[@friendlyone2706]

Thank you for including the complete transcript.

[@zoebettina]

I'd buy an ev with capacitors in a heartbeat even if range is only 40 miles but recharge in minutes n lifetime of ever.

[@voidex136]

@Draggy654 no if you are driving only in city and there are plenty of charging stations. Most ppl in cities drive to work and back less than 40 miles

[@antonnym214]

I'm a long-time subscriber. You do great work. Always interesting and informative. The video is great. The problem with the new energy storage technologies is what I call the battery horizon. Has anyone else noticed that all battery improvements are ALWAYS 5 years away? Let's see something out of the laboratory and in actual production. Keeping making great vids! Thank you.

[@ephrin-ligand]

because when we will solve the battery issue for everything it will destroy the interests of who owns power sources

[@adamhixon]

another issue with super capacitors is that they operate over a much wider voltage range than chemical batteries. Sure, you could create a super capacitor bank that can be charged up to 300 or 400 volts for an electric car, but you need to be able to make use of that energy all the way down to 0 ish volts to make use of all the energy in the capacitor. Most modern electronics rely on a narrow operating voltage range. Boost converters could help with this, but even they would be very in-efficient with such a wide input voltage range.

[@joescott]

Yeah, they talk about that in one of the articles I link to in the description. I didn't want to get too in the weeds about it in this video though.

[@jasexavier]

It's not as big of a problem as it seems. Energy stored in a capacitor is related to the square of the voltage, so if you can use them down to half voltage, you get 3/4 of the energy out. Down to 1/4 voltage gets you 15/16, which is probably good enough. So a 400V pack would need to operate down to 100V. Remember that you can't deeply discharge a battery without shortening it's life so many hybrid and electric vehicles use less than 75% of the batteries full capacity already.

[@leocurious9919]

"many hybrid and electric vehicles use less than 75% of the batteries full capacity already." I know they dont do 100% DOD (and depth of charge), but can u prove those

[@jasexavier]

It's hard to find exact numbers, but I think the 85% number comes from max state of charge. Hybrids often charge to only 85%, and probably only discharge to 40%. Electric vehicles will push things further certainly, I believe Teslas will allow you to charge to 100% and discharge pretty close to 0%, but this is going to dramatically shorten the life of the batteries compared to staying in the middle of the charge range. I'll see if I can find some documentation with exact figures, but I don't think that sort of thing is often published.

[@leocurious9919]

That would be great and yes, those numbers are not easy to get. By the way: Nice that some people are able to reply in a actuall discussion to gain knowledge rather than feeling attacked and defending whatever they want to hold on to.

[@hi-fidude6670]

My 1970s portable radio is using 6 D cells and last for months, as it is the best portable radio ever made, it has seperate bass and treble control, 5 pin DIN aux and can power a passive speaker on its 2 pin DIN output as well as a headphone jack. Meanwhile you modern geeks have portable speakers that last for half a day at best.

[@rvrcflyer]

WOW. You have some pretty strong critics. Great job, informative, looking forward to more.

[@joescott]

+Craig Molander Really? I hadn’t noticed.. (Goes back to crying in he corner)

[@infradigital]

This makes good sense to me... we're carbon based life forms and lo and behold, it's our most feasible source of power for our future vehicles. GREAT VID!

[@georgeford6056]

There is one big problem with using super-capacitors for cars, and that is the near-instantaneous discharge that is possible during an accident. If they make a 125 kwh super-capacitor pack (for a true 300 mile range with heat or a/c on) and it gets damaged, there could be a nice sized explosion.

[@YeshuasBro]

High discharge rate with near zero resistance means no explosion as the energy goes straight to ground.

[@completelybusted]

So.....a bit like petrol then?

[@jameshoffman552]

SPQR - With 125kwh of + and - charge carriers trying to reach each other even low ohmage path gets vaporized if not plasma-tized. Fireworks with shockwave

[@jameshoffman552]

George Ford - the dec 28 Long Island con Ed transformer explosion shows how spectacular a short circuit can be - possibly of comparable energy to .1mwh cap

[@thegee-tahguy4877]

I emailed John Goodenough to thank him for developing the LiFePo4 battery that I use daily and I wished him luck with the solid state battery he's now developing. He wrote back with a very nice email. Cool guy!

[@dickhamilton3517]

Lithium batteries (the ones that came before Li-ion, and tended to blow up or catch fire) are coming again due to new ways of building them - they have better charge density than the lithium ion type, charge faster and are cheaper to make. Supercaps have a poor discharge characteristic - the voltage falls linearly when drawing a constant current, and basically you find you have got to a point of too low volts for the electronics you are trying to drive, long before the cap is actually empty/discharged. To get around this, you have to use a low-loss switching converter in conjunction with the supercap to keep a near-constant votage within the load's limits for longer. Agree with you that materials science is only going to get more and more important and in-demand.

[@TauCu]

Luckily switch mode power supplies were invented. and with graphene conductors, copper may soon be out the window.

[@lvglass1869]

good explanation on existing and future batteries technology. good job

[@apburner1]

Are you trying to kill me with horrible background music? I thought we had something special between us.

[@joescott]

+apburner1 I do usually make my music choice based on how many people it might kill.

[@itmightbepossible8586]

There is a biological trait of all humans and animals called "Sensory Processing Sensitivity". 15% - 20% of all humans and animals are Highly Sensitive in this way. This is an inborn genetic trait and has some advantages and some disadvantages. For the Highly Sensitive People (HSP's) the background music is maddening. For the average person they can take it or leave it, no big deal. For the less sensitive than average they probably love the music or didn't notice it. Take a quiz. Find out where you are on the sensory sensitivity continuum. hsperson.com/test/highly-sensitive-test/

[@pauljmeyer1]

Martiniz 14's observations about producing layered graphene sheeting to facilitate transfer and production is an engineer's challenge that is surely to be met.

[@CarmenBrunnaDuarte]

John isn't perfect... ...but he is Goodenough.

[@korbose7859]

He do b good enough

[@vincentmarie5700]

Thanks you have moved me forward in understanding portable batteries and the future of them. Cheers!

[@lucth16]

I want to say one word to you. Just one word. Graphene!

[@joescott]

+Luc Sasaki Nice Graduate reference.

[@morskojvolk]

I was thinking he was some kind of outside agitator! BTW Joe, the music's fine...okay, a liiiiitle loud, but fine.

[@juliaset751]

Lithium is a very common element, even found in abundance in sea water. The problem is that it is so reactive that the usable form is hard to get/process.

[@raaycommunications8254]

Only 50% increase in food prices by 2050? LOL, Awesome. We have probably had 50% increase the last 5 years here.

[@timallen1619]

My friend ,you have lost it! Look up what this guy is talking about.....Graphene ! I've been watching it almost from the beginning ! Yes! Everything is about to change in about 2 or 3 years! Not really for the worst! This is a game changer of all that we do! I believe governments are gonna shit because this my friend will do it! Fast charging ,free electric, flying cars, ultra light weight everything! In fact I see so many changes that its almost imposable to name all the crap this stuff can do! Everything you said in your statement is totally wrong....!!!!! Rare metals maybe will go up but that's because we wont need them anymore, E.V.'s will go down in price because you can make cars that last forever and "this is a climate change changer" ! There wont be ANY air pollution because no more fossil fuels! You see this is the 4th abundant material on earth. Its actually graphite! Graphene is a by product of graphite! As for the last one on you list...Food can be grown in your home in a 4 foot area , look up hydroponic or aquaponic , first one you grow just food! The second one you grow fish and food! Both are very interesting and easy to do and they both work, I know I have one! So I don't care if food goes up! There are somethings you need in life but free energy is what we all need! You will eventually be able to heat your home and cook with NO outside electric!

[@magicdaveable]

Interesting video. I have been playing with capacitors since elementary school in the 1950's. Controlling discharge is key to using a capacitor as a useful electrical storage device. Throttling discharge generates incredible heat. Some of my experiments involved varying plate separation but still having to use cumbersome heatsinks. Lately I have taken an extended sabbatical from my electrical engineering hobby to raise ducks and geese.

[@jaybee3165]

already done. if you tie your capacitor bank to the input side of a VFD, it does EXACTLY that: regulate how much power gets used.

[@camgere]

There is a MAJOR problem with replacing batteries with FARAD capacitors (supercap(acitor)s). Batteries have a fixed voltage. Capacitors have a variable voltage. Capacitors have a maximum Voltage Vmax. This would be with 100% charge. Unfortunately V = Q/C. V= voltage, Q = charge and C = Capacitance. So as you use the capacitor and the charge runs down to half, the voltage is cut in half. 1/4 charge = 1/4 Vmax. Luckily DC:DC converters exist but will probably have to be specially made for supercaps. They will also want to implement some form of (foldback) current limiting. You don't want lame current limiting from a fixed series resistor. A low value fixed series resistor is useful for current sensing, maybe something as simple as a circuit trace. A Positive Temperature Co-efficient thermistor might be useful, hard to say. It's the chicken or the egg thing. Will supercaps drive someone to develop a cheap DC:DC integrated chip or will a cheap integrated chip drive the use of supercaps?

[@Sigvard007]

Incorrect - batteries voltage or potential difference between anode and cathode decreases as they get depleted and increases as they are recharged. For example a LiIon battery with nominal voltage of 3,7V is at 4,2V when fully charged (some can be charged up to 4,35V).

[@snnwstt]

@camgere: While the voltage of the capacitor is higher, you can clamp it. While it is lower, you can boost it ( kind of Dickson multiplier ), so as long as it delivers energy, it can be modulated to have a constant voltage. That is really a very small problem to solve, to get a constant voltage, really.

[@zellty423]

You guys are too fucking smart.

[@paulmichaelfreedman8334]

Biggest problem is that to get enough charge (energy) to provide usefull power for usefull amounts of time, the voltage has to be fairly high, despite the enormous cpacitance they can achieve. While that is not a problem normally, what would happen if the cap is damaged or crushed? With high voltage I mean several hundreds of volts if not more.

[@snnwstt]

@Paul Freedman: You have the same problem with any kind of storage which will store the energy at such high voltage. It is not a problem ONLY to capacitors, but standard batteries too. Instead, you can store it at 2.5V or 5 V, or 12V, which is safe to handle unless you are under water. It is a simple matter to connect how many of them you need in serial, or with DC voltage multiplier circuit, if you need more voltage. [Modif] And remember that it is amperage, not voltage, which can hurt you. Sure, low voltage cannot punch through the isolation supplied by your dry skin while high voltage can.

[@fredogden769]

I stoped having canker sores when I switched to baking soda based tooth paste. This has solved the problem for everybody I have told about it.

[@seanb3516]

Why do you keep saying that NiCd are not rechargeable? They are! You are thinking of Carbon-Zinc batteries which are disposable.

[@donovanlawson2848]

AA batteries are usually either Alkaline (Non-Rechargeable) or Nickel Metal Hydride (NiMH) (Rechargeable); or sometines in situations that require high energy density they are Lithium Ion.

[@kimokla3874]

O well so???

[@skyhiker9669]

Hey! NOT funny with the “Low Battery” warning! I must have hit it twenty times. Then I paused your show to go find my charge cord. Only then did I discover I was at 67%. NOT FUNNY... JOE!

[@christopherhamilton5557]

😂😂😂

[@alexandergausJTP]

😂 good thing I have an Android device. Otherwise this for sure would have happened to me as well...

[@HellFire178]

IF anyone is rewatching this, scientists have found scalable processes to manufacture graphene, the best part is they are already 3D printing as they are starting to get a relatively good amount over the years

[@oldconspiracydude236]

the trouble with supercapacitors and hydrogen fuel cells are they have very little internal resistance. This introduces the Kaboom risk. They could discharge all their energy in an instant making them super explosives.

[@nettlesnagurski7716]

Joe, love ur stuff. Canker sours? The answer: Lysine I take it as a daily vitamin supplement. But, if you crush it (a lysine pill) up and dab it on the canker sore, it will go away much quicker (over night).

[@finecutpost]

Love your depth of knowledge and cool presentation skills. As a film editor may I suggest that you keep the music (which is quite good) at a little lower level

[@kimokla3874]

yep please Elevator on floor 11

[@tnspnk3]

Good video despite the detractors. But even more love your Edit. Looking forward to the upcoming video where you "whip yourself in penance". :)

[@mirokragelj3287]

Please, turn off music in background. It is anoying and disturbing ....

[@integrazimmy]

Totally loved this video. When something new comes out, many folks overhipe the possibilities! Not in this case!!! Very informative & spot on Joe!!! Thank you!

[@joescott]

Thanks! A rare complimentary comment on this one. :)

[@Accessless]

Hmm this video is only 1 year old. I expected older. In the year 2030 we will probably still be hearing about how Graphene batteries are just around the corner...

[@tiko5876]

Accessless that’s pretty hopeless. There’s a huge industry behind figuring this shit out. It’s only a matter of time.

[@binayprasad1629]

well done.. really a helpful video.. thanks.. 😇

[@Nilguiri]

I could hardly hear the music with all your yapping!

[@joescott]

+Nilguiri 😂

[@user-zu1ix3yq2w]

Nilguiri Nilgiri close enough

[@gergc4871]

Nilguiri excellent comment.

[@johnestephan7825]

sex

[@1fires1]

Exactly. If only they came up with a way of getting rid of that music. The benefits to mankind would be enormous.

[@mujjuman]

we've come a long way. cant wait to see whats next

[@martinlancaster6282]

Chuffing hell Joe!! Can we not at least have a shout out for the greatest city in the world that actually made this for the 1st time...MANCHESTER, england.

[@kimokla3874]

yeah Manchester Univ.!!!

[@cristineashurst6864]

Invention concept: Look for places where Gigawatt-second seconds of energy are needed. An aircraft taking off, a ground vehicle accelerating, rapid charging of batteries, and think about how to replace fossil carbon fuel with super capacitors. And then, for killowatt-hours, use batteries.

[@MountEdgeFightClub]

im wondering if A.I will fix all the annoying things we haven't yet figured out like this

[@joescott]

Might help.

[@MsSomeonenew]

It might first fix the pesky human issue so it doesn't get in the way anymore...

[@aaronheaney1601]

MsSomeonenew yeah maybe AI will make a human battery something like on the Matrix

[@Zamolxes77]

Yep, it will, by launching all the nukes and returning the planet to a virgin state, without the human vermin on it. All the problems - fixed.

[@smb123211]

As someone who consulted in R&D (project mgmt) I can affirm that perhaps the biggest obstacle to new product development is the inability to mass produce at an economical scale. Many "breakthroughs" are still floundering due to the economy of production. Here's hoping a cheap solution comes along soon.

[@peter-e2q]

Really interesting but struggled to hear spearheaded over the bloody noise -sorry, music??? In the background. If we’re listening to you being interesting, we aren’t so thick we need noise to keep our attention!

[@RubenRMunoz]

glass batteries, sounds like a good step toward upgrading our petroleum addiction, awesome storage potential....!

[@Guust_Flater]

@1.54 KNAP...Kathode = Negative, Anode = Positive, in English Cathode with a "C".

[@louf7178]

Guust This is addressing the issue that current actually flows from negative to positive in the scenario that most people have dealt with in common systems. In these systems, continue to think about it as you have. It also depends on negative charges, positive charges, "current" flow and charge flow. This is a lurking "can of worms".

[@fraziergeo]

The anode and cathode swap roles when current reverses.

[@chonpincher]

The CAThode is PUSSitive, and the Anode Ain't.

[@michaelshultzinger4902]

Nut cracked by MIT. Since KZbin doesn't allow posting of the relevant link, you'll just have to search "reel to reel production of graphene MIT"

[@krzysztofjanpudowski9440]

I think the music is a bit too loud :/

[@ijusterik5384]

Krzysiek Pudowski ikr

[@claytonroot806]

I think the music is totally stupid and unnecessary! Do they play music in school classrooms these days when teachers are trying to TEACH?

[@MyBarry2009]

A bit loud music was hard trying to hear what he was saying , I have Industrial deafness , so you got a thumbs down .

[@putheflamesou]

@@claytonroot806 no, so there is hope for the future. UWYouthOrg a generation, silence inheritance like 1989 China. The Venus Project for the youth, free the old.

[@cliffp.8396]

No worries about that ni-cad gaf dude, I knew somebody would point that out.

[@gunblade250]

Been hearing about Graphene batteries for nearly a decade. Nothing so far.

[@heliumfilaments4368]

Graeme Thomson companies having a hard time figuring out how to mass produce graphene.

[@1983mrharvey]

This guy should have way more subscribers

[@panther105]

This was two years ago. Still waiting for my flying electric car....

[@SuppersReady8880]

Have my Dick Tracy TV watch though, so there's that.

[@stuartw969]

Joe - great, instructive and eclectic video. Share your summary points. Please clearly date them though, dating will immeasurably.

[@SuperKingslaw]

I guess that's why it's called "Answers with Joe" instead of "Correct Answers with Joe".

[@rjwiechman]

Robert Orr A sign that was posted in our Mfg Eng office many years ago: ANSWERS. $5 CORRECT ANSWERS. $10 DUMB LOOKS ARE STILL FREE

[@eugenemorrill7009]

That's three items he got completely wrong. Who in hell does hi research?

[@tibsyy895]

John B. Goodenough should get already a Nobel Prize for his work in chemistry! If not him I don't know who!

[@Tommykee999]

thanks joe i live in sydney and in the painstaking moment of choosing what i want to study in uni. i think i might take the material science route. joe can u make vid about cryptocurrencies they seem to be gathering tons of intrest and money.

[@joescott]

+tommy tran I've scheduled out my vids through November - that's one of them.

[@Nemoticon]

1:23 Basically never. Because as a human being, I learn from daily activities and I charge my phone every evening. Lithium Ion batteries love to be charged, so you can't and won't over work them. Charge at night, manage consumption during the day and you're never without power. It's called planning ahead, it's a wonderful thing!

[@uturniaphobic]

I've always thought that instead of waiting for a car to charge at a "filling" station, it would be much faster to replace the batteries with recharged ones. They are charged and ready when you arrive. take out old and replace with new. Like propane tanks are done now. The electric car could be designed to make removal and installation of bat banks fast and easy.

[@bobwarner6832]

It would have to be a very simple and foolproof system to use and require almost complete standardisation of battery types and connectors. Trouble is at first it would be a fast evolving tech, with people coming up with a better idea and there'd go your standardisation, too hard, I suspect.

[@KharisTouTheou]

I've trained as an economist but if I could go back and do my studies again I would definitely study Chemical Engineering. Battery technology is so exciting. If we are able to crack lithium-air or graphene battery technology in the next few decades then it could revolutionise everything.

[@tomatocan2502]

remember when people read Wikipedia, and not had it narrated in nasal voice

[@paulphelps7809]

Inspiring.. Mr. Goodenough.

[@coffeebuzzz]

Big capacitors are scary as fuck. The general public should be nowhere near them.

[@Turinnet]

Right. Also waay too easy weaponizable

[@English_Lessons_Pre-Int_Interm]

I can already imagine soldiers with laser guns and the recharging helicopter above them, and the satellite sending electro-magnetic beams from above.

[@ub3rfr3nzy94]

Or how about a satellite hooked up to a super capacitor that discharges 1 gigawatt of power almost instantly in the form of a laser beam.

[@Ian-iu2tl]

I've worked around BIG capacitors...yes, very scary...upon sudden discharge they go off like a shotgun...fresh underwear please.

[@harryconover289]

Afraid of caps is so immature are you afraid for the wall socket too ?

[@meller7303]

94 years old and still innovating? That's got to B Goodenough

[@robertwright364]

You skipped alkaline and nickle metal hydride in your battery history!

[@eugenemorrill7009]

Just as well. He doesn't know anything about what he did cover.

[@georgeorwell100]

eugene Morrill lets see you do better

[@bbbf09]

The wonders of graphene! Now if only we could find a way of making more than just the odd teaspoon of it without costing a small fortune then it just might be genuinely useful.

[@MrTeff999]

Music: bad.

[@youaremydad7826]

Mr. Teff in your opinion. I thought the music was great

[@Brainbuster]

It was too loud--not in the background.

[@ooooneeee]

Comment: good.

[@section8usmc53]

@@Brainbuster It's probably the source you are listening on. It is just that for me. Background.

[@Ahmadabbasi65i]

An eye opener video 👍

[@TELEVISIBLE]

graphene is just a million year away

[@joescott]

Feels like it.

[@TheGoldentale]

No his click bait title clearly states, it is "About To"™, come on just learn to read. /sarcasm

[@wilfredolatorre]

Graphene is the monster in the closet for fosil fuel and its around the corner, not a million year just a fue years.

[@mysterymeat586]

No, no, it should be ready about the same time as controlled fusion. It'll happen any time now....just gotta believe...

[@shadow-Sun]

Excellent, clear ,concise ....brilliant ..thanks for the upload .....one thing .... remove the music it's pointless AND distracting and adds absolutely NOTHING to your presentation

[@zangetsu2k8]

yeah good luck charging a car in seconds without melting the cables

[@luongmaihunggia]

The same graphene use in the capacitor in the car can be use in the cable.

[@messyl1900]

Great video and information ! Thanks for the up-date.

[@sonnymoon6465]

now in 2019 you can make it at home very cheaply.

[@sherronmitchell3977]

Thanks for your knowledge.

[@kevindunnell7150]

I skipped most of this video because the content had an accompanying VERY ANNOYING sound. WHY? Thumbs down. Gone elsewhere.

[@maxdre]

how does this channel not have more subs!?

[@billkranz8035]

Background music to loud.

[@GR8TDUCK]

Excellent!!! Thanks, Joe!!

[@bosshogg8621]

No need for penance, but perhaps remove the informational video that provides (unintentionally as it may be) false information. Or at least edit that part.

[@alphagt62]

More great stuff! Thanks again for another great video! Concerning batteries, let’s not forget how dangerous lithium is. Exposed to air, it immediately catches fire, and is near impossible to extinguish.

[@JJs_playground]

Dude get rid of the background music.

[@benjones1452]

Enjoyed thus very much, thanks

[@kingjamez80]

It is stunning how little you know about batteries. You can't just make a mistake like that and call it a woops... it shows you really don't know what you are talking about.

[@jamesgallagher2434]

You expect him to be an expert on everything? What are you an expert on?

[@deavman]

He is just too young to have known much about nicad batteries

[@WeirdTodayNormTomorrow]

If you're going to make a comment like this, then please explain where he's wrong and you don't have to be so rude, but yeah I'm pretty sure his facts weren't completely correct

[@LOP1698]

Well he is not making money on telling people the correct things but rather he is getting it be being entertaining most people don't know shit anyway so it really does not matter. That is no Knowledge that can kill somebody if you get it wrong.

[@richiesworld1]

Pat yourself on the back. Oh, you already are? Never mind then.

[@peterburt2905]

Awesome to see the developments in Ultra Capacitors in the last few years in Estonia with Skeleton using a Graphene composite material in their product. .

[@easymac79]

Watching this with Bluetooth headphones and I shit you not, right after the video segment that said low battery, my headphones chime "low battery, please charge".

[@myroseaccount]

I agree this will get sorted in the next 10 years. What is annoying is that there is no reason this could not have been sorted 30 years ago.