Greatest battles in military history | Gregory Aldrete and Lex Fridman

[@LexClips]

Lex Fridman Podcast full episode: kzbin.info/www/bejne/eqrSh4mJnMyDoLs Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: lexfridman.com/sponsors/cv7934-sa See below for guest bio, links, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc. *GUEST BIO:* Gregory Aldrete is a historian specializing in ancient Rome and military history. *CONTACT LEX:* *Feedback* - give feedback to Lex: lexfridman.com/survey *AMA* - submit questions, videos or call-in: lexfridman.com/ama *Hiring* - join our team: lexfridman.com/hiring *Other* - other ways to get in touch: lexfridman.com/contact *EPISODE LINKS:* Gregory's Website: gregorysaldrete.com/ Gregory's Books: amzn.to/3z6NiKC Gregory's Great Courses Plus: www.thegreatcoursesplus.com/gregory-s-aldrete Gregory's Audible: adbl.co/4e72oP0 *SPONSORS:* To support this podcast, check out our sponsors & get discounts: *LMNT:* Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix. Go to lexfridman.com/s/lmnt-cv7934-sa *Shopify:* Sell stuff online. Go to lexfridman.com/s/shopify-cv7934-sa *AG1:* All-in-one daily nutrition drinks. Go to lexfridman.com/s/ag1-cv7934-sa *BetterHelp:* Online therapy and counseling. Go to lexfridman.com/s/betterhelp-cv7934-sa *ExpressVPN:* Fast & secure VPN. Go to lexfridman.com/s/expressvpn-cv7934-sa *PODCAST LINKS:* - Podcast Website: lexfridman.com/podcast - Apple Podcasts: apple.co/2lwqZIr - Spotify: spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 - RSS: lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ - Podcast Playlist: kzbin.info/aero/PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4 - Clips Channel: kzbin.info *SOCIAL LINKS:* - X: x.com/lexfridman - Instagram: instagram.com/lexfridman - TikTok: tiktok.com/@lexfridman - LinkedIn: linkedin.com/in/lexfridman - Facebook: facebook.com/lexfridman - Patreon: patreon.com/lexfridman - Telegram: t.me/lexfridma - Reddit: reddit.com/r/lexfridman

[@BAL80A493]

This guy has been one of my favorite podcast guests I've seen, I love these topics

[@DruvMarwah-y5s]

100%

[@George-vf7ss]

If history doesn't repeat itself, it certainly rhymes. Twain

[@bobby9192]

*taiwan

[@axstin4264]

@@bobby9192ur funny as fuck

[@Subcleff]

Some years back I subscribed to The Great Courses just to listen to this guy's lectures.

[@Mithinco]

The olive map is crazy!

[@hectorarcelus6602]

They found a note in UK when Roman patrol complained that they were out of beer.

[@brianolson8293]

Hence the start of the downfall of Rome

[@Rango965]

​@@brianolson8293 😂

[@arthurhenson4332]

When in Rome.. when in Britain

[@luitbaishya1581]

must have been troops from Belgium or Germania.

[@antonvrb1510]

Lex, never doubt yourself. We love you.

[@lq4275]

i dont

[@antonvrb1510]

@@lq4275 I could have been more clear there. Was not speaking for everyone on the planet, but assumed that would be obvious.

[@Bitcoin_Junkie]

Gay

[@antonvrb1510]

@@Bitcoin_Junkie That's not a big deal nowadays. You're ok buddy. Be proud.

[@lq4275]

@@antonvrb1510 you shouldn't support (and love) someone who enables wannabe dictators

[@briannewman6216]

The first rule of history is that nobody ever learns the lessons of history.

[@michalschneider3617]

Beautifully said

[@andreitiberiovicgazdovici]

It is not entirely accurate: if as humanity we have reached the technological and well-being level that we experience today, it is precisely because as humanity we have learned a lot from history and from our past mistakes. As we write today, the world's problems come from those who have forgotten history, and from those who don't know it at all... "All those who forget their past are condemned to relive it." Primo Levi

[@steveyi2859]

The first rule of history is that we have short memories and short lives. The young generations always think they can do it better

[@nikolaszea8494]

Especially the guest on this podcast. Nor did he learn the facts.

[@lucasstarbuck6797]

The second rule of history is, YOU DO NOT TALK ABOUT HISTORY.

[@xanderunderwoods3363]

Loved watching this guys course with the Great Courses. Amazing how history repeats itself over and over.

[@bridgesbeats1]

Lex + history nerd = banger podcast

[@obamasgrandpapi7925]

Pretty sure I listened to his great courses episode. Was a great listen

[@TheFn414]

GREGGGG Dude was one of my professors at Greenbay 😂

[@Rango965]

I'm european, americans have the art of the narratives 😮😮!! 👏👍🎉

[@TheOfficialAT]

The Airplane revolution is the most insane in my opinion … as soon as we got a little off the ground for 20 seconds . We began to race all the way to the moon in 70 years… or Atleast !! If you don’t believe in the moon landing .. we raced all the way to the ISS . Pretty impressive

[@trytwicelikemice3190]

Dont give validity to those who dont believe in the moon landings 😂

[@rafatislam1582]

And now Elon musk is trying to materialize the sci fi idea of being a multi planetary species. It’s as if we were destined to leave the planet by breaking out of the earths gravitational field and flying off.

[@TheOfficialAT]

@@rafatislam1582 yeah I believe everything we do is only limited to our imagination. Everything we create . Starts as an idea then to a blueprint then we bring it into the 3d reality we live in… so all that to say all the sci fi movies/tv/books etc were inbetween the idea and blueprint stages.. influencing the future possibilities but you also have to consider that nothings new under the sun . So our “ideas” might just be information stored in our DNA being brought to the light.

[@tommyrq180]

Airpower utterly revolutionized warfare. America remains the ONLY Airpower Nation. Others have been land powers, or sea powers. But only America became an Airpower Nation. How? By transforming all the services into Airpower services. The Navy went from battleships to AIRPOWER carriers. The Army went so far that America split off the air arm and after that happened on September 18, 1947, the Army went on to still raise its own airpower arm, eventually an Aviation Branch at Fort Rucker, Alabama. The Marine Corps of course has its own air force. All this happened despite the traditionalists in every service resisting the transition to Airpower-dominant war. The Army didn’t give up its horse cavalry until AFTER World War II. The Navy kept battleships until the last one (USS Missouri) was decommissioned in 1992! So despite how hard it was to overcome tradition and despite age-old, archaic imaginations of warfare that still exist today, American military power IS Airpower. And we are recognized, rightly, as a revolutionary and globally dominant military force as a result. So technology matters in warfare, only so long as the nation incorporates it, exploits it, and adopts it as a dominant form. 🇺🇸

[@trytwicelikemice3190]

@TheOfficialAT I guess I am one of Lex's less romantic listeners 😅 what is destiny really? Are we only limited by our imaginations? Or are we a bunch of glorified monkeys trying to develop technologies in a universe that is very much not a sandbox, with real constraints from the laws of physics and the availability of resources, to the laws of practicality and economics. As a researcher in the field of chemistry, I can certainly imagine a plethora of solutions to problems in the field that tend to crash pretty hard into the brick wall of reality. Its nice to imagine that our polition problems are caused by evil corporations who cackle as they convert pristine nature into industrial waste and profits, its harder to think that society's consumption simply leads to a number of ongoing environmental catastrophes that we simply do not have engineering answers for, at least no more than "pick the lesser poison" or "live less materially comfortable lives". Destiny is a human construct. Sometimes we get lucky and our imagination can be realised, sometimes the cold fusion just aint gonna work 😅 EDIT: as nihilistic as some of the above seems, Id absolutely advocate for both picking the lesser poison and reducing our material comfort as much as we practically can, where it matters. Human civilization is an often terrifying and exasperating but undeniably beautiful, fascinating and as far as we know, unique thing. Every advance we can make to even prolong it by a generation is worth it.

[@theraven6836]

“Never get involved in a land war in Asia”. - Vizzini

[@mark.J6708]

We are in, and getting deeper every day, the most dangerous time in human history.

[@its_jjk]

The invention of nukes put us in the most dangerous time in human history

[@viswaprasanna941]

Couldn't have said it better myself. 👊🏾

[@xanderunderwoods3363]

I feel like the end of the bronze age was quite a bit more significant

[@weedwizard7906]

Bruh we were on the edge of nuclear war by a press of a button 50 years ago.

[@phillybul215]

I like how this dude explains things

[@buzzyinurface]

This is one of the best guests on the podcast for sure

[@elvisrodriguez2935]

Most empires die because of politics and corruption not because of the army

[@ReggieRegs904]

Your mom goes to college

[@93siguy]

And fighting over gender

[@rohitk9429]

Didn't know Tony Soprano is so good in history

[@thegoodlistenerpodcast]

Kevin Finnerty

[@patrickreading2808]

All them ww2 documentaries he had on

[@mike6252]

Such a solid point about empires and great powers meeting their match, blundering into Afghanistan...

[@goranskigoranski5700]

Gregory is so based. Love from Serbia & Happy Sunday.

[@zeegani]

Lex, you have to bring Dr Roy Casagranda and make him talk about the Rise and Decline of the Islamic Empire/Caliphate and it's greatest Kings and Warriors.

[@bradbutcher3984]

I grew up and moved back to my hometown overlooking the Trinity River Valley. 20 miles upriver from the delta and Trinity Bay. Archeologists have found an ancient Native American village that's 2000 years old and there is so many flint pieces they know there was trade or they traveled far to raid because we have no flint or suitable stones near our area for knapping.

[@bradbutcher3984]

This isn't for leaders not listening to history but everyday people living their lives should also listen and hear the past speaking.

[@RobBigs-lu8bq]

of course the beginnings of civilization were based around flood plains and rivers. They flooded the area and brought silt and salt, and had natural occurring grains. They used the existing food sources, and begin cultivating plants and animal husbandry from not having to move locations constantly chasing game. The truly amazing thing to me, is how much of the modern worlds diet comes from the variations of these existing crops. In a lot of ways humanity hasnt moved that far from its earliest civilizational roots.

[@freedinner886]

Good bit .. good stuff

[@user-ww8nz5oo2l]

THE WARTHUNDER THUMBNAIL LOL

[@axelgerard5240]

Technology continually evolves at the cost of millions of human lives

[@BrunoGosselin]

At the cost and benifit

[@DibbzTV]

Before I even watch: Cannae, Stalingrad, Verdun, off the top of my head

[@revo1974]

The Roman Empire is best defined by their ability to force and/or inspire peoples to grow olives.

[@thrillzmania]

2 most important battles 1. Battle of tours 2. Battle of Vienna

[@BoBoZoBo]

The interesting thing about the lessons of history is that we do take technological, Tactical, add military lessons quite well. However those are quite objective in many cases. Will we have a harder time with is more subjective lessons, like general political and societal strategy. Those issues are largely ideological.

[@seanmcdevitt6073]

The barbarian diet, I love it.

[@laserresal]

If you have intentions to inform people at the right way, don’t skip the battle in 1071 at Manzikert and the Victory of the Ottoman Empire in 1453 wich changed the centre&heart of the world forever 💯

[@popeagapitusi8]

Turkish spotted

[@laserresal]

@@popeagapitusi8 you sound like a scary Italian in the old Mediterranean who says ‘Mamma li Turchi!!’ 😆😆

[@kamelzebib9403]

Anybody else wondering about Gregory's Seiko watch?!!

[@frethero19]

How do you think the Greek guy posted in Germany back in the day would react to a modern 2024 Olive Garden experience?

[@JakobIlar]

Those of us who learn from history, are doomed to be dragged into repeating it, by those who have not.

[@ModernCowboy78]

History doesn't repeat it rhymes

[@francis5518]

Correct me if I'm wrong: when Marx talked about historical materialism, didn't he refer to this? To the idea that the way societies evolve depends on how the economy is structured ( dependent on how needs are met)? What do you?

[@tommyrq180]

No. Did you listen to this video? Military history has a huge part to play in world history. Economies are required to fund the military, but the governments and militaries have to stay on top of warfare, innovate, adapt, and project power. The Soviet Union itself was primarily a military dictatorship, not an economic one. Stalin mobilized the entire economy, as poor as it was, around three major secret programs led by his chief of secret police, Beria. Those three programs developed the atomic bomb, the intercontinental bomber and missile, and a gigantic air defense system. It was all about those programs. World history is not monocausal. Economics, culture, history, geography, military prowess, demographics-all those and more come together with chance to outline world history. Marx was wrong in so many ways, not the least of which was historical materialism. His theory did not EVERY conform with reality. But it was a fantastic way to get utopians to foment anarchy. In that it was genius.

[@francis5518]

@@tommyrq180 Of course, I agree with what you say, it's undeniable that history is complex and that military events are crucial. But, what principles guide history into violent conflicts? Aren't resources and land a big factor? For example, why are there wars on oil rich territories? Is it because societies value oil and are willing to compete for it? I don't see the disagreement here besides how we are describing these ideas. Recognising that something that Marx said could be useful doesn't make you a communist, not even a Maxist.

[@tommyrq180]

@@francis5518 There tend to be some large tendencies in world history that help explain conflict and war. Marx basically missed it entirely with historical materialism. The Greek historian of the Peloponnesian War stated that war happens due to “fear, honor, and interest.” It’s hard to eclipse that for being both analytically comprehensive and concise. Later, the great Prussian war theorist Carl von Clausewitz said that war was “politics by other means.” Basically, he meant that war was politics; that war was a political instrument. Economics, by contrast, is a field or a socio-cultural phenomenon that does not require a zero-sum calculation; both parties can benefit from competition. So we see that even DURING war, economic exchange can happen, even between belligerents. And, when war happens, both belligerents will often try to keep economic exchange routes open. If we go back to Thucydides, fear does play a huge role, often in the form of what scholars call “the security dilemma.” That dilemma revolves around perceptions of another nation’s military as to whether they are defensive or offensive. Of course, even a military force structured for defense could go on the offense, so it is prudent for nations to be skeptical given man’s warlike nature. Fear obviously fueled nations to mobilize prior to World War I, which led to an environment where the incentives to preempt rose considerably. Honor is a slippery concept but clearly plays into calculations leading to war. A nation can want revenge for past misdeeds by another, or leaders can impugn the honor of another leader, leading to war. “Interest,” in Thucydides’ formulation, probably included economic incentives (water resources have often become pretexts for war, or the need to gather slaves, or just mere war booty/stealing stuff), geographic incentives, or even allying with another belligerent in a war because it’s in the nation’s interest to have an ally and going to war with that ally is part of the cost-benefit relationship. There are often multiple, complex, intertwined reasons we can find for war, but they often break down to these three areas, and as Clausewitz noted, it has political DNA. I hope that helps! 🫡

[@Jjmartin1530]

tribes is understatment more like a small poplation to a town , each person in that pop is a tribe essentailly and good luck with that.

[@alextaylor29]

War is the anvil upon which history is forged.

[@philoz08]

Medical advances come mainly from the war theater too. Ironic to say the least

[@crunglypunkits3556]

Ayy GreenBay 🎉

[@xwarfare2xlz50]

"The nation that adapts more quickly is the one that wins" - Ukraine

[@victorortiz193]

Olives, cinnamon and gold...

[@richardclary6267]

Imagine that bowel movement

[@guyvert49]

barbarian meant "outsider, foreigner, stranger" & was not a pejorative term but someone to be feared or ostracised or despised for being different

[@killgoretrout9000]

pejorative-expressing contempt or disapproval, that pretty much covers "someone to be feared or ostracised or despised"

[@lukeforks9134]

Eventually a man dies. So, one may ask, "So what if all people die?, they all die eventually".

[@jaimiehardy5652]

I'll disagree on British involvement in Afghanistan. The purpose of Britains invasions was to install a pro British ruler to oppose by proxy Russian expansion and protect India, NOT to conquer and occupy the 'country'.

[@saidincontent]

So essentially...war never changes

[@Youngmoney22288]

Lex asks the dumbest questions in a smart way

[@andrewk.1310]

Time length on the video 13:37....i see what you did there lol

[@ribkan4759]

0:21

[@harbinguy1]

6:25, Interesting historical perspectives still exist today, eating cats, rats even dogs is considered non-civilized. Once upon a time, lobsters were fed to prisoners because it was disgusting!

[@dennisshaper4744]

Hello

[@DrewbattleTheGreat]

My cousin lost his legs in Afghanistan. FOR NO REASON ! invading that land is pointless

[@alexwells1250]

Olive oil and wheat = corn syrup, cornstarch, etc.,

[@grecoroman61]

The grape

[@thomasbest8599]

Hey people , check out professor on teaching company and great courses and wonderium. He's fun. You know he loves his work

[@aquamarine99911]

He only discusses one battle (Gaugamela) and then it goes on to irrelevant stuff. My list - Salamis, Hastings, Zama. Waterloo. Kursk (1943, not 2024). Plassey was just a beginning, but it set the table for what was to follow. I don't count battles where the victor had a 2 to 1 advantage in soldiers and weapons - e.g. El Alamein. Not sure if Leyte Gulf by itself was all that significant. The US were eventually going to roll over Japan. Maybe Midway. I mightsay Gettysburg, but the same sides are still fighting the same battle ~160 years later, so how important was it, really? Other battles may even be far more studied by military scholars - e.g. Cannae. Austerlitz. But the victors in those eventually lost their respective wars.

[@mvc9178]

The rise & fall of vampires?😊

[@samdefore2692]

Let’s remind people why the Americans got so involved in Afghanistan… OBAMA . Because he was opposing Iraq war he didn’t want to be seen anti war so he called Afghanistan the “good war” the war America had to devote itself. To end the Iraq war and surge troops into Afghanistan. To take Afghan America used special forces and kept troops presence 25,000, under Bush’s 2 terms troops levels never exceeded 30 thousand. Obama came into office 2009 surged 125 thousand troops, America deaths started to skyrocket especially because Obama’s restrictive ROE. After 8 years of 0bama , thousands of US troops injured and dead and over 3 trillion spent in Afghan. All we had were lies from Pentagon and NGo’s who kept promising results for 20 years but it was all to keep the US money flowing. Until Trump called the Generals and Pentagon on their lies and finally said enough. He wanted a plan to withdraw, and said what needed to be said to the Taliban if you allow another terrorist group take over again we will bomb you everyday unto the Stone Age, and nothing will survive including you.

[@dalecipra740]

What’s the solution then? You just named the problems with campaigns in Afghanistan.

[@Malt454]

There may not be a solution, because you can't interest people of intentionally separate tribes to truly unite to create a modern state if they have no interest in doing so. Foreign powers always want to create provinces/central administrations because it fits their ruling model, but it just doesn't succeed in Afghanistan; you can impose your will wherever you deploy troops, but you can't change the culture. Somehow, people can understand this about the tribes of New Guinea, but not about those of Afghanistan.

[@Jermrants]

@@Malt454that area is a place that stands the test of time and no empire stays, therefore I do agree there is no solution.

[@Malt454]

@@Jermrants- Yes, the problem might be that the people of Afghanistan are so geographically, and therefore culturally, insular; almost all of their contact with the outside world has always been imposed from the outside and never a case of them reaching beyond their borders. They're just not interested in being part of a larger world, much less one in which they will never hold any real power anyway.

[@davidhogg657]

Couldnt grow olives in the UK

[@JG-ge3ui]

yes you can... olives are good up to -15c you can 100% harvest an olive tree in the uk

[@davidhogg657]

@@JG-ge3ui I've got an olive tree and so' my sister. Had one tiny olive in about 5 years. You couldn't feed the Roman army on that

[@robertdavis100]

beer is from grain

[@cullenstewart270]

Does he appreciate the level of Germanic ancestry in that Wisconsin area?

[@sixmonthsfocus]

What do you mean. All US population mainly came from European countries. What is special about Germanic in Wisconsin?

[@philoz08]

Alexander was rather successful in south Asia & you can see the ethnic remains of that success in the pashtun ppl of Afghanistan/Pakistan. Mostly descendents of his army. (Take the famous Afghan girl from Nat Geo cover in the 70s) Those eyes are of European origin.

[@00ga-booga]

Olive the Roman Empire!

[@alandavis9644]

I had the same rboughts on Afghanistan when the Russians tried, the when a young man that i watched grow up and tell me had joined the 10th Mountain Division headed to Afghanistan, my heat sank and i tried to explain where he eas going. Went to my library, gave him Caravans by Michener and Blood and Dirt by a Russian. HE ADVISEX HE LOST THEM TO COMMAN OFFICERS!! Those who fail to learn their history are condemned to repeat it, F. NICHE.

[@jeboccuzzi10]

Drones in the Russian Ukrainian war.

[@blablabla13344]

No wonder the Romans had hard time with Barbarians and evetually lost to them. Its all about diet

[@jimstanley8690]

The winners are the ones who write history , and their perception of right or wrong .

[@xxora6568]

That’s a misconception from ancient times, in the modern era history has been written by historians Just one example, for the immediate histories written directly after ww2 a lot of the sources came from literal Nazi generals. It wasn’t until the soviet archives opened up after 1991 that we actually found out the most accurate information from that time period

[@antonvrb1510]

@@xxora6568 Do we have much information from the Iraqi side of that war? How bout the Taliban side, even though technically they won that one. Vietnamese input on the history of what their side stood for? I don't know, perhaps all this information is all out there, but we hear nothing about it in the west. Please excuse my spelling.

[@steveyi2859]

No

[@dennisshaper4744]

Cliche.

[@blablabla13344]

Alexader and plenty others were sucessful in afghan

[@IndieGuvenc]

@8:30 poultry and cow herders/barbarians dont follow their animals around they keep them in pens. Hes talking about cave people

[@TheSSEssesse]

Maybe they did later on? Nomadic lifestyle is certainly still a part of bedouin tribes in the middle east even to this day. Same in Africa. Barbarian is a broad term though, so he could be talking generally about those on the African and asian continents with exceptions for Germanic tribes. I’ve heard it was a fairly loose term for “non Roman”.

[@IndieGuvenc]

@@TheSSEssesse they were all breeders by then esp horses. Nobody followed animals during the Roman empire

[@TheSSEssesse]

@@IndieGuvenc nobody in Germany that is from what I understand

[@its_jjk]

Calling battles great where people die horrific deaths is grotesque

[@DrewbattleTheGreat]

It is great. Humans value war and combat just like every other animal

[@JawsHLL]

That’s hilarious

[@benjaminnguyen554]

lol the barbarians are at the gate!

[@Timmy51m]

1337

[@timothybrady2749]

No, I can’t agree with the Afghanistan analysis. There were plenty of educated, Western supporting Afghan people fully capable of establishing a constitutional republic-form of government. Following the defeat of the Taliban, European and U.S. Diplomats installed an organized crime syndicate by letting the local warlords choose a leader. Analogous to letting the 5 New York Mob families choose a leader and set up a government to run New York City. It is probably not going to succeed. The Afghan people wanted what everyone everywhere wants. A better life for their children, individual freedom, and security. These people turn to their individual tribes since corrupt leadership was installed in every example of failed foreign-installed governance. After 2001, the U.S. maintained involvement through the U.S. Dept. Of State. The DOS is staffed top to bottom by leftists, and children of our political “elite” who lack the competence to effectively run a lemonade stand. If the U.S. military had been charged with setting up the initial government and overseeing the establishment of democratic institutions, Afghanistan would have been a success. I can’t agree with the Afghanistan-related conclusions of this guest.

[@fillbrin]

The statement 'The Afghan people wanted what everyone everywhere wants" does not ring true to me. I'm no expert in Afghan culture, but I have done my good share of travel in the world, and I can assure you that different cultures want different things; some cultures don't want individual freedoms, instead they want freedom for their tribes and well defined hierarchies, just to mention one variation . Besides that, I think the guest is talking about the reasons for the failed 'military operation', not about the failure of the political or diplomatic mission; I can see you having a good argument for the latter. In conclusion, he is arguing about why no empire has been able to conquer that place through war.

[@jesusiscoming6843]

so much soy in this convo

[@Mullet-ZubazPants]

Says the guy with all the anime in his playlist

[@thomasblock1164]

Modern warfare such as was instituted in Afghanistan is more of a money laundering scheme. Our academic needs to reaccess his understanding of the goals of war. The U.S. Federal Government does not go to war to increase it's real estate holdings. It goes to war to extract more money from it's own citizens. The Ukraine war is a perfect example.

[@beyondthedetails]

Jets weren’t used in WW2

[@dennisshaper4744]

The German's flew the first jet in WWII...the ME-262, I believe. Too few to be effective at changing the outcome, for sure, but it definitely saw combat duty.

[@dennisshaper4744]

You are wrong.

[@dennisshaper4744]

The Me-262 was first jet to see combat duty, during WWII, the Germans developed it but the numbers were too few and came too late to alter the course.

[@mattburns5128]

Nu- klee-Ar not Nu-ku-Lar. Your improper use of such an important topic reduces your credibility. Educated person says Nuclear Nu-klee-Ar . Poorly educated person says Nu-ku-Lar. Words matter.

[@rosesoulis1840]

You need a woman......I pity you child

[@antskilu1354]

Well nobody even tried conquer Afghanistan, nobody resisted Mongols, volgan bulgars did and all died , soviets initiated afghan Com party and one group assume that u came from the monkey and other groups came from different gods while they were Buddhist at the beginning with largest budha statue, all this is nonstarter at the beginning but soviets aimed submarine base in Indian ocean on expense of Pakistan corridor of course ,still big buddy with India , caves not always save ,remember pangir caves , same caves in tadzikistan for example , not sure what USA did there with un mandate..give mio bux to any warlord and they bring u pin laden on the plate, so one brother in police,one brother in army and one in taliban , seems perpetual income machine ,my relative served there and saw no mudzahadeen , only in 5 meter shooting contest ,so I think most of this is bs. Hitler,Stalin or Ataturk will take Afghanistan if needed but todays world not with amnesty filled with Russian rats and CNN other shoulder make sure that u use water pistol .

[@JackeyBoyyy]

bot