Human neutrophil versus Coccidioides (cause of Valley fever): Chemotaxis, adhesion, and phagocytosis

[@yanosaubron8172]

Idk why but the adhesion test is just hilarious. It’s just... *boop* and the antigen sticks to them XD

[@kessu83]

NAture is unbelievable...how such small organism can be so amazingly complex and effective.

[@SaeedGOONER]

Amazing stuff! I showed this video to my students to show them chemotaxis and phagocytosis :) thank you for your work and your upload.

[@HeinrichLab]

Thank you very much for your encouraging feedback! Yes, videos of immune cells in action tend to make teaching immunology a lot easier.

[@alveronandreas4483]

This time we need the big guy (macrophages)

[@parus6422]

I dont know man...you need to bomb that with like Eos or somthing.

[@thecakeisalie1885]

We need the small guys (Antibodys)

[@LeBacon]

@@thecakeisalie1885 sir yes sir!

[@thecakeisalie1885]

That is the 99th time of a bacteria infection

[@LeBacon]

@@thecakeisalie1885 what?

[@Opti-Mystic]

Excellent footage. Many thanks Sir

[@HeinrichLab]

Glad you enjoyed it!

[@heroe666111]

Wow.. Awesome video. Thank you. I know someone that unfortunately tested positive for Coccidiodomycosis. Caused very bad pneumonia. Now Fluconazole meds started for 3 months.

[@thecakeisalie1885]

Neutrophil:tries to swallow him The thing:haha Neutrophil:Ur fat

[@TheEchoeman]

I love you neutrophils!

[@erwin757]

Do the neutrophils have standard antigen adhesion for most fungi? And is this because fungi consist of standard proteins antigens?

[@HeinrichLab]

The fungi's outer shell is made of sugars that are recognized by the host's complement system and antibodies in this case. After those markers (present in the host serum) coat a fungal particle, host cells adhere via their complement and antibody receptors. (Other fungi actually have "learned" to make shells that prevent them from being recognized in this way, for example Cryptococcus sp.)

[@TP-mv6en]

how does the chemotaxis work?

[@comradecockatoo3558]

How did you “hold” the cells in place?

[@HeinrichLab]

They're held with gentle suction pressure at the tip of glass micropipettes; see kzbin.info/www/bejne/imWue3d_mN1jadk.

[@Polaris97]

See how neutrophil went crazy after it sense coccidioides

[@hayleereisinger8445]

Were these taken using TEM?

[@HeinrichLab]

These videos are made from image sequences recorded on an optical microscope (not TEM).

[@sylviahernandez8279]

What did it look like when they were done?

[@HeinrichLab]

Good question! Frustrated phagocytosis of the large spherules continues for a while, but the neutrophils cannot fully surround them. Other neutrophils might move in to help; see also doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0129522.g006. We don't usually watch these encounters for much longer though.

[@Liberperlo]

@@HeinrichLab feel sorry for the neutrophil!

[@cyberianbearhub]

How are they sensing the direction of cocci? No eyes the what?

[@pietajunior3437]

It's literally said in the video - chemotaxis

[@cyberianbearhub]

@@pietajunior3437 yess chemotaxis but how neutrophile is sensing the position of cocci without any contact? (At test part of video)

[@pietajunior3437]

@@cyberianbearhub Cocci produces certain chemicals that the neutrophil recognizes as a threat. If those chemicals are coming from one direction, it will extend in that direction.

[@HeinrichLab]

It's actually even cooler than that. The chemicals whose concentration gradient tells the cell where the "target" is derive from the serum of the host organism (human in this case) rather than the pathogen. But they require contact with the pathogen surface to produce (and then release) the peptides that activate and guide nearby host cells to the pathogen. These proteins belong to the group of complement proteins (or fragments thereof). A short explanation is included in the video at kzbin.info/www/bejne/oma3lIuLm62qnJY.

[@thecakeisalie1885]

The neutrophil:Target locked

[@amauta5]

Thank you for the video.

[@ahmetyahsi3391]

Omg! That is awesome my god!

[@JDoe001]

Freaking “A”! It’s like watching a snake eat a horse!

[@gajanankatkar3398]

wowww very nice...

[@Daktangle]

Hungry hungry Neutrophils.