Hematology | Blood Typing

Official Ninja Nerd Website: ninjanerd.org
Ninja Nerds!
During this lecture Professor Zach Murphy will be teaching you about blood typing along with what can happen if a mismatched transfusion occurs. We hope you enjoy this lecture and be sure to support us below!
References:
● Le T, Bhushan V, Sochat M, Chavda Y, Zureick A. First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2018. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Medical; 2017
● Marieb EN, Hoehn K. Anatomy & Physiology. Hoboken, NJ: Pearson; 2020.
● Boron WF, Boulpaep EL. Medical Physiology.; 2017.
● Urry LA, Cain ML, Wasserman SA, Minorsky PV, Orr RB, Campbell NA. Campbell Biology. New York, NY: Pearson; 2020.
● Jameson JL, Fauci AS, Kasper DL, Hauser SL, Longo DL, Loscalzo J. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. New York etc.: McGraw-Hill Education; 2018.
● Sabatine MS. Pocket Medicine: the Massachusetts General Hospital Handbook of Internal Medicine. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer; 2020
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#ninjanerd #BloodTyping #Hematology

[@alysonrutigliano985]

I’m loving your videos. I’m a Medical Laboratory Scientist who works in a hospital lab and an instructor for immunohematology. I want to point out to you that there are many other surface antigens on the red cells other than The A and B antigens (ex: C,c,E,e,Kell,FyA,FyB, JkA,JkB etc) that also contribute to someone’s red cell genotype and phenotype. If exposed to the antigens they lack for these other antigen systems, patients can develop antibodies which can be dangerous for future transfusions and pregnancies. So while O is the universal donor that’s only half the story. If a patient has any clinically unexpected antibodies to these other red cell antigens they must be matched for those as well and A, B and Rh. Even though we teach entire courses for immunhematology and transfusion medicine that can’t be covered here it might be worth mentioning briefly that there are other antigens that exist on red cells and other antibodies certain patients may have that complicate transfusion.

[@nahomelion]

Thanks!

[@aymentolba]

Thank you. Is what you explained the same word "Alloimmunity" ?

[@mrsamandabernier]

Love this. Thanks.

[@theowleyes07]

Correct. There are 31 Other Regulators

[@Keana43]

Very insightful

[@ofonimechantaludoma-udofa3685]

you are a blessing to med students. thank you for existing, NINJA NERDS

[@finessequeen2070]

Ikr

[@user-oo3xb9qf7i]

hey ,nice name!

[@akkilicoguzkagan]

8 dislikes are my faculty teachers

[@binslabajo3152]

SPECIFICALLY SCIENCE TEACHERS

[@fredamensah6899]

Lol

[@michaelsiyeba2142]

😂

[@Arendt-Foucault]

Hahahaha🤣

[@patrick_okora]

😂😂😂😂😂

[@wonderwoman4368]

I wish you were my doctor...a hell of a teacher..what a special gift you have. Not even the doctors explain the severity of the mixed blood and the affect between mother and fetus. My hat off to you.👏

[@Tself02]

So great! I was so confused by this during class, but now that I have watched this, I understand it perfectly! Thank you, Sir!

[@NinjaNerdOfficial]

+Tiffany Selrick I'm so glad we were able to help!!!!

[@JosephA-mh7ce]

Thank you, Ninja Nerd, for posting this fantastic video. You are a gift to this generation!!!👏👏👏

[@victorcalesco4803]

I wish I had enough money to support you, I will remember this channel after I graduate in Med School! Thank you so much for sharing free knowledge! Metatron bless you!!

[@ssshaheedd]

did you graduate!

[@phoenixll9858]

@@ssshaheedd what sort of question is that??😁

[@yuta2349]

I had never understood this topic before, but after your explanation it made me absolutely clear. Very well explained. Thanks a lot.

[@davidmansaray3563]

A born teacher... Thanks a million!

[@milanbhavsar5582]

Only thing at 3:00, the Rh antibody is not naturally occurring like the A and B antibodies, so Rh antibodies only forms after the exposure to Rh positive blood.

[@ketanbauskar6635]

Yes I am confused

[@aarya2]

Yesss I m so confused after that

[@mironavisan]

You are simply amazing and your videos should be schools requisites. Thank you for everything that you do for all of us students.

[@blackyrocky7438]

Your lectures are really really really helpful. You discuss everything that comes in the exam as well as in our real life practical. You are great dude👍👌 I have learned many things from you. And you give this all knowledge and your experience for free. Everybody who wants to become healthcare professional should watch your lectures. 👍 highly recommended

[@chisomeze1049]

I don’t really comment on KZbin videos, but I have to give it to you.. you’re literally the best! You’re a life saver!!! Keeping me sane through medschool. Thank you for all that you do🙏🏼❤️

[@mohamedyussuf3483]

You simplified the blood type lecture in a very simple and easy-to-understand manner. By the way, I enjoy listening to all your lectures.

[@alfahadh6826]

The way of teaching is awsome, keep it up and bring more videos like this so that Medical students will have a good onset in their topic.........thanks for this wonderful class ❤

[@satinderjit4]

Awesome video. I was struggling with this and didn’t think it would be something that I ever needed to worry about again. Now it has come back to haunt me as I prep for the MCAT. This video helped me understand it better now.

[@nilsmilan5113]

pretty ridiculous to learn that pre med school, we are just learning it right now and im in the 3rd semester

[@violetagaona7284]

you are the best !! you answered to my question in the first 40 seconds of your video :) best teacher ever

[@thefrenchwarrior5839]

Thank you from the bottom of my heart !!! i had to understand for the mother/foetus mismatched and YOU EXPLAINED IT SO WELL !!! God bless you

[@wanjalamicheal9136]

Please explain it for me

[@AhmedKhan-rw6jx]

So simple and very effortless to understand. Thank u for making it so simple,clear and comprehensive. Much love and respect

[@WWS-qf3vz]

I used to hate school and had no idea what the teachers were talking about until I met your videos . I watched most of your videos and I’m glad to say that I’ve been getting As because of you. Thank you soooooo much. You’re a Godsent

[@Zzzoaneua]

Important note: When considering blood transfusions, it is important to distinguish between red blood cells (RBCs) and plasma. Plasma transfusions contain antibodies. If whole blood (or plasma) is being transfused from an O type donor, it can only be donated to O type recipients because O type individuals have anti-A and anti-B antibodies in their plasma. In most blood transfusions, only the red blood cells are transfused, which is why O type is considered the universal donor for red blood cells. O type red blood cells lack A and B antigens, making them safe for all recipients. Similarly, plasma from an AB individual lacks anti-A and anti-B antibodies. Therefore, it can be donated to recipients of all blood types, making AB individuals the universal plasma donors. :)

[@reachtt]

You are one of the best things that happen in this world. THANK YOU!

[@vihikwaghgwaza5583]

I will suggest to my med school mates so we can give a percentile of our tuition as support to you Ninja Nerd. Keep up the good work. From Benue State, Nigeria 🇳🇬

[@damilareabiolaekundayo2689]

you are a true blessing to a whole lot of us out there, thank you very much what you do.

[@beanzor]

Very good lecture for beginner Medical Laboratory Science majors. I would also recommend Blood Bank guy for more in-depth discussions in blood banking, especially about other blood groups. There are a lot more surface antigens that MLS majors need to know. But Ninja Nerd's lectures have been so useful for me when I was a student (just graduated a few months ago).

[@shanabest4555]

Wow i literally watched so many videos trying to grasp this and your video has helped me so much just to visually see what you are explaining helps. Thank you for you time and patience. I really appreciate it !!!! 🎉❤

[@amyharper7642]

Hi! You don’t make antibodies to the Rh antigen until you’re exposed to Rh+ cells through pregnancy or transfusion. If the mother is Rh+ the Rh antigen is seen as “self”. She won’t make Rh antibody because she would then destroy her own antigens/RBCs. If Mom’s Rh- there is potential for the father, thus the child, to be Rh+ and then her body will make Rh antibodies if she’s exposed to the baby’s Rh+ cells. Rhogam is given based on the mothers Rh- status as a preventative regardless of dad and baby’s Rh type. If Dad and baby are negative Mom won’t be sensitized to make antibodies anyway. If Mom were to make an antibody it would happen around 28 weeks, so Moms receive the shot at 28 weeks and after perinatal procedures or delivery when there is potential for fetal maternal hemorrhage (blood mixing). Also want to clarify what RhoGAM does. It’s not an antibody to an antibody. The purpose of it is to fool Mom’s immune system. The anti-G/anti-Rh/Rhogam coats any fetal cells that enter in the mother’s circulation that are Rh+ so she doesn’t “see” them and make her own antibody against them.

[@jarallahghizzi4797]

no need to go through the lecture 'cause the legend cover more than the objectives ask for!

[@goscience]

Hi Zach, (not a Doc) just a seasoned organic chemist enjoying your lectures and learning. I was scratching my head trying to understand how Type A blood can be donated to Type AB recipients when Type A has Type B antibodies until I understood that Type B antibody is in the plasma and so a donation A > AB is limited to the RBC fraction. Reading a little more, I realized there may be a multiplicity of situations where blood exchanges can take place by separating plasma from the RBC fraction in such cases where the offending antibody can be separated out prior to the exchange. Obviously, if the antibody is insitu in the recipient you can't unload the corresponding antigen. Cheers!

[@basmiahhassan5794]

Along with A and B antigens, there is another antigen known as the Rh factor which can be present or absent on the red blood cells' surface. In general, Rh-negative blood can be donated to Rh-negative patients only, whereas both Rh-positive and Rh-negative blood can be donated to Rh-positive patients.

[@abeerreda9478]

You're teaching in a professional way

[@kakisage2907]

Normally, intelligent individuals are not worried about pretty hair, muscles, fancy vehicles, cool outfits. And this guy here is one of them.

[@justchillinhere255]

Hahha but he's still cool

[@jacquelinehawks9218]

Laughed how you mention that babies usually not born with the opposite blood type of their mother. My first two girls have that.. but do LOVE your video..keep it going

[@ashutoshpatel8997]

Thankyou sir for saving my med career 😭😭

[@miancu3]

Good thing you have that Beanie on. Really drives home the concepts

[@enocco]

YOU'RE THE BEST. THANK YOU FOR HELPING ALL OF US!

[@maylwin7728]

You are one of the genius person on earth. Respect !!!

[@SAmes-tz4mn]

Hands down best review and practice. I finally understand now, thanks😭👍🏽

[@karunapradeep3144]

Hi

[@atharva2624]

We need more people like him🔥😭😭

[@kelseymclean4245]

I am so thankful to have come across your videos for my anatomy and physiology class. I have shared your videos in our group discussions as well.

[@yushausaleh6991]

Thanks Nerd... You make my presentation one of the best.. I hope to meet you one day

[@benjaminhlithapi4291]

You are my favorite human being right now!

[@tijanitunkara2553]

i wish all the teachers in college teach like you

[@kimbirleedunn896]

I highly enjoyed this video. Very easy to visualize and understand after this. Thank you!

[@ngwarparfait1968]

Your doing a great job. Your lesson's are the best and easy to understand. am grateful and i appreciate you, remain bless.

[@giovannadias2122]

Quando eu me formar em medicina, toda a minha dedicatória será para o ninja nerd. Não seria NADA sem esse canal!!!

[@josaibanez59]

Thankyou so so much Sir , your life is blessing to us . We love you so much!

[@charleswey4895]

Your students must be very lucky to have a professor like you. My professor sucks with big 'S'.

[@user-kd5tf9ui3t]

ваши объяснения-предел мечтаний))) thanks for your work

[@maryamamin8999]

Thank you for helping us, your lectures made study easy!

[@indu1986]

Amazing lecture!!! Thank you So much for this effort👏👍👍👍

[@NinjaNerdOfficial]

+Indu R you are very welcome!!! thank you so much for your kind words I'm so happy that we were able to help!

[@theadvbgccxssddsdd9783]

You are the best doctor in the world

[@user-zv1dm2gy7p]

Top notch explanation! Bravo!

[@kaluxg4004]

Saying that you’re awesome doesn’t sound good enough. You’re my favorite person right now..BLESSINGS xBLESSINGS.

[@sabargul9827]

Love your videos, all helped me learn better! Thanks for videos.

[@moniquevanwyk7888]

Definitely sharing this lesson in class tomorrow 👏🏼🙌🏼

[@hayderbioideascraft9396]

Hiiii, good job Why found anti-A,anti-B in the plasma naturally without exposure to A,B antigen ?

[@nneomaudeaja4522]

Lol watching this video 3 years later Buh I still enjoyed and understood every bit of it

[@frfr77]

that's brilliant thank you so much for making things so limpid.

[@lorettadass3335]

Love all your videos and it helps tremendously

[@hussam7033]

but if the mother is rh negative doesnt that mean she has anti rh antibodies like you explained earlier? I am confused

[@marymessam2435]

Yes , the mother got Rh antibodies against Rh antigens.. the baby is Rh positive so he or she has Rh antigens.. so this Rh antibodies from mother attack Baby blood that got Rh antigens.. mother will be given injection to prevent her Rh antibodies from destroying the baby Rh antigens

[@marymessam2435]

Once a ninja nerd🤓, forever a ninja nerd ❤️😘

[@ramneetkour6813]

i hated physiology , ninja nerd made me love it ....... thanks!!!!!!!!!

[@PS-sf8tw]

U r the best teacher keep it up

[@marymessam2435]

Amazing lecture, thank you love! 💟

[@howardyorek3508]

The ABO antibodies are naturally occurring. However, RH antibodies are not, you have to be exposed to RH+ red blood cells in order to develop RH antibody. BTW, the RH blood group system contains over 50 antigens. When talking about someone being RH+ or RH-, it is referring to only the D antigen. Outside the ABO blood group, RH D is the next most immunogenic antigen; ~15% of the white population is RH-, and when exposed to RH+ red cells , ~80% will form anti-D.

[@skafridi9656]

Grear work... ❤️ ❤️ ❤️.... Very learning and informative lectures... Love

[@ghazalhabibi8213]

THANK YOU SO SOOOO MUCH YOU SAVED MY LIFE!!!!

[@sarahazawi8965]

Amazing lecturer

[@Toty_Ma]

شرح جميل وبسيط وكافي استفدت كثيرا شكرا 🤍🔥

[@helenJuice]

wow you are truly a blessing, thank you.

[@__FaishaPutriSyaiffudin]

Thank you for this video, Sir! I understand perfectly by this video!

[@DrMakram]

I have an important question, Firstly, I really thank you for your clear and easy explaining . Talking about mismatching of baby& mother RH , You said the mother's blood form RH antibody against the second baby's blood which is RH+ ,supposing that the mother's blood is RH- , the question is why would her blood form RH antibodies ,is not it supposed to be formed since her birth ?? Accordingly ,why is not the first baby attacked ?? I need an answer please

[@habibaa2486]

Hey according to my lecture slides from class; Antibody production is induced only when an Rh+ RBC enters the blood stream!!! So originally there are no rh antibodies. That’s the difference between the ABO system and the Rh system.

[@habibaa2486]

Also the first immune response is igM So it can’t cross the placenta that’s why nothing happens to the first baby but the second immune response is igG which CAN cross the placenta and that’s why the second baby is affected

[@nataliamaslen3232]

Thank you so much! Your lectures are best!

[@miraraaa4306]

This helped me a lot. Thank you so much.

[@aidasalikhova6237]

Finally I understood it. Thank you so much

[@sujiewansuj3788]

AYEEEEEEEE YOU UNDERSTOOD IT, CAN I HAVE 5 BUCKS

[@rajanmallathakuri7440]

you are blessing for everyone

[@nabilnas1119]

Thank you so much Dr Zack!

[@rushikeshsonke1041]

There is one mistake in video. You used the word that "Anti Rh antibodies" but Rh antigen don't have antibodies like ABO blood group system.It doesn't follow second part of landsteiner law.

[@tanvirahmed-rr7vt]

he meant Anti Rh(D) antibody

[@user-rahhjjHuh45]

Thanks so much that helped me a lot 🙏

[@MariaGomez-ef6bz]

Thank you for teaching me❤

[@shalomfagbewesa6442]

Thank you so much .... please can you make a video on genotype

[@vanshikarana476]

Thank u so much such....such a amazing lecture..thank u...👍🙏🙏🙏🙏...

[@venom7457]

رحم الله والديك حبيبي

[@melissaarmstrong7088]

Excellent video. I am wondering about the last bit on mother-fetus interaction. If the mom is Rh negative, wouldn't her antibodies attack the Rh positive fetus on the first baby? why would her blood wait until the second or their Rh positive fetus?

[@NinjaNerdOfficial]

+Melissa Armstrong that's a great question! So generally if someone is Rh negative they don't have anti-bodies in there plasma until her they are exposed to Rh positive blood in this case the fetus. So during the first birth she wouldn't have any Rh anti-bodies. However if exposed to Rh positive blood she would produce antibodies in response to that. Now in the second birth if the baby is again Rh positive the mother will already have Rh anti-bodies in circulation which could cross the placenta and cause damage to the baby's red blood cells.I hope that makes sense!

[@melissaarmstrong7088]

Thanks for your response. It must be uncommon then to be Rh negative? if you have Rh negative blood, and have never had a previous exposure to Rh positive blood, can you receive a one time Rh positive blood transfusion, before it becomes unsafe?

[@thefrenchwarrior5839]

that's exactly the question i was going to ask also !

[@shitatrangcati]

@@melissaarmstrong7088 i think it cant be, because when its already circulating the Rh anti-bodies also produced too, and its a big-bang problem. this is just my opinion, sorry.

[@blackbird1852]

@@melissaarmstrong7088 Its all confusing now ..:(

[@FahadinBinAHakim]

Thank you very much for a very good explanation.

[@paddingtontogara5426]

well i passed blood because of this man thanks

[@TheWinner920]

Nobody taught it this awesome!!!!

[@pheonixigniteakafaizan7545]

You are really amazing This cleared all my confusions Thankyou

[@sunainayadav1671]

The way u use to explain it is very very good

[@ranjitjeyasekharan4878]

Brilliant explanations!

[@solangewergles6563]

I have only one thing to say : Thanks a lot !

[@gloriaokorie6463]

Thank you very much.God bless you.

[@fahimaimanislam3011]

I loved this video. I just had one question. If the mother is RH -ve, then doesn't that mean that her blood already contains the antibodies against the RH antigen in the fetal blood? Why does the mother need to be exposed to the RH +ve fetal blood before the mother's blood produces antibodies against it?

[@anchalkumarsingh8928]

Exactly my question

[@moonbeam2062]

The Rh acts different than the A and B. While A & B blood starts to naturally produce anti-A & B antibodies shortly after birth (depending on which kind you have), the Anti-Rh antibodies are not naturally formed. Antibodies in Rh negative blood are formed only when exposed to Rh positive blood (containing Rh antigens). That's why an Rh negative mother takes what is called a RhoGAM shot (which blocks the production of Anti-Rh antibodies) during pregnancy, in order to keep Anti-Rh antibodies being produced in her blood if she has an Rh positive baby and its blood seeps through the placenta into her blood. If she does not take a RhoGAM shot and she develops those Anti-Rh antibodies, then her blood could cross over to her next baby if it is Rh positive and could be harmed resulting in anemia in the baby. Or I've read that in some cases could even cause possible miscarriage.

[@DoniaEmhamed]

Thank you very much doctor ❤

[@tawandateveraishe1365]

Thanks so much this was really helpful and well explained

[@julierodriguez3079]

thank you so much! I understand blood types now!

[@earthplanet6783]

The great one thanks very much for making me understand with easy

[@sarahedet2329]

Thank u so much,u saved me from reading and not understanding,😘😘😭😁

[@labrat7855]

May ninja crush! I'm here again... Blood bank exam is coming soooooon.... So, nose bleed and headache before exam!