Histones

Histones- This lecture explains about the histone protein structure and also about the histone acetylation and histone methylation in details. Histones are tremendously alkaline proteins located in eukaryotic cell nuclei that bundle and order the DNA into structural models called nucleosomes. They are the executive protein accessories of chromatin, appearing as spools round which DNA winds, and play a role in gene legislation. With out histones, the unwound DNA in chromosomes can be very lengthy (a length to width ratio of more than 10 million to 1 in human DNA). For instance, each and every human phone has about 1.8 meters of DNA, (~6 feet) but wound on the histones it has about 90 micrometers (0.09 mm) of chromatin, which, when duplicated and condensed for the period of mitosis, influence in about one hundred twenty micrometers of chromosomes.
Five essential families of histones exist: H1/H5, H2A, H2B, H3 and H4. Histones H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 are referred to as the core histones, at the same time histones H1 and H5 are referred to as the linker histones.
Two of each of the core histones collect to type one octameric nucleosome core, roughly 63 Angstroms in diameter (a solenoid (DNA)-like particle). 147 base pairs of DNA wrap round this core particle 1.Sixty five occasions in a left-exceeded super-helical turn to offer a particle of round one hundred Angstroms across.The linker histone H1 binds the nucleosome on the entry and exit sites of the DNA, therefore locking the DNA into location and permitting the formation of higher order structure. The most normal such formation is the ten nm fiber or beads on a string conformation. This includes the wrapping of DNA round nucleosomes with roughly 50 base pairs of DNA separating each and every pair of nucleosomes (also referred to as linker DNA). Greater-order buildings incorporate the 30 nm fiber (forming an irregular zigzag) and one hundred nm fiber, these being the buildings located in typical cells. For the duration of mitosis and meiosis, the condensed chromosomes are assembled through interactions between nucleosomes and other regulatory proteins.
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this is a great explanation! I just spent 2 hours trying to read a chapter of a textbook on this but you cleared it up in 13 minutes :)

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[@Hydra572HQ]

What you say at 5 minutes 50 seconds is not true. H2B-H2A dimer and H3-H4 dimer do not first combine to form a tetramer. Instead, two H3-H4 dimers combine to form a tetramer, and then two H2A-H2B dimers combine with the tetramer to form the octamer that will be wrapped in DNA to form a nucleosome.

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Omg..it is an amazing lecture...I was so confused for the concept of histones but now I am cleared very well....keep it up sir👍👍

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[@salomegob8532]

Hello ! It's not two tetramere of histones that make an octamere. It's one tetramere of H3-H4 + two dimere of H2A-H2B. I am not sure you said that in your video. Sorry if I made grammar mistakes I am not an english speaker.

[@arclliquid615]

Really?

[@ChandrachurMukherjee96]

Please make some video on non histone proteins as well (like the HMG proteins). Thank you, this video was awesome!!

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Thank you very much.... is there a video that explains the DNA in the mitochondria which do not have histones and how they become compacted as in the nucleus?

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becose mit dna circle form

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Please help: Are the nucleosomes at regular distance from each other? If not what is the reason?

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What is the angle DNA form during entering the histone octamer?

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sir, what is the function of Histone (H1) beside linking?? (if any)

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Well Explained

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Hello sir...in csir net 2017 thr ws a ques dat which of d folowing is nt true and it ws dat....h2a-h2b bind to both the entry and exit end of dna in nucleosome ..bt acc to u is correct..plz explain

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[@aritribhattacharyya]

Sir what about the H1 histone protein?It does not form a part of the nucleosome but it forms a part of the histone family.

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[@WaleedAlHarbi7]

0.6 mm is too long for the condense form to package inside the nucleus . But your way of information titling is wonderful .

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Sir, what is the ratio of protein and DNA amount in chromatin?

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[@betulseyhan5968]

Hi. Can ı ask your something? where is the Histon1?Video is sucsessful.

[@khurshaidanwar1580]

The cell size is 10 to 100μm in diameter and the .6mm makes 600μm, kindly clarify. Thanks. By the way your way of explaining is amazing.

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Sir Is Every time histone protein will be dissociate after the modification process ?

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Sir, please upload a video on non histone protein.

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what are non histones and its functions?

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2 questions.... why some receptors are stable at cell membrane & why other are at cytoplasm ? what is novel mechanism of stability of protein?

[@rustyshackleford9877]

My Knowledge is kind of Naive but it has something with Hydrophobic and Hydrophilicity of Proteins associated with the Receptors.

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I want an explanation on DNA packaging in prokaryotes and eukaryotes..

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what is that exit site sir..?

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Archaebacteria form how many clusters of histone?