history of the entire world, i guess | Irish Girl Reacts for the first time

[@kimsparks5811]

Can't wait for part 2 with the end, no spoilers please!

[@DianeJennings]

Oh erm… well… maybe just… Sit down first? 🤣

[@amehak1922]

You're expirencing part 2 now

[@zacharystephens982]

@@DianeJennings Is this a reupload? I swear you have posted this video before?

[@allanlank]

SPOILER ALERT! Canada eventually takes over everything. "The world needs more Canadas" Paul David Hewson (Bono of U2).

[@kimsparks5811]

@@allanlank Yikes! I guess I did need a heads-up Eh? Thanks 👍

[@ShaMicKan]

“There’s no food yet and I don’t care.” That prehistoric fish was my spirit animal. 🐟

[@DianeJennings]

😁

[@whatabouttheearth]

I'm gonna be that annoying "well technically" guy for a second. First the plants went to land, and the Arthropods (ancestors of insects) followed them for food, than the Stegocephalians/Tetrapods followed the "insects". So there was food and (this is the big part) there were no predators, so there was a pressure to leave the water where there were predators. My favorite non technical books on this subject are: At the Waters Edge: Fish With Fingers Whales with Legs' by Carl Zimmer (awesome well rounded intro to the history of tetrapod Paleontology and Paleontologists, a really enjoyable read) 'Earth Before The Dinosaurs' by Sebastian Steyer (really pretty images) 'Your Inner Fish' by Niel Shubin (discovered Tiktaalik)

[@whatabouttheearth]

Oh, I just saw the part in the video, so my comment was sort of wrong

[@JeffOfTheMountains]

This video is ridiculously fast-paced, so multiple watches are recommended. Plus, it's also informative and funny, so there's two more reasons to watch it a few times.

[@DianeJennings]

I Feel like if I had a kid, my time teaching them would be best served by having them learn this video of my heart Word for Word

[@eothe8802]

I've watched this a little too many times, and I still can't remember most of it.

[@alu.minium521]

He couldn't come up with anything snarky about Ireland. The only European country that has never tried to conquer anyone. Ireland is just too cool. BOOP

[@DianeJennings]

Hooway! I’m Diane and I endorse this message/comment

[@hepchaos]

Well there was the whole invasion thing of what became Scotland, which is called Scotland because the Irish who invaded it and settled there where called the Scotti.

[@wowjackwow1]

The Irish were too drunk to attempt any conquering

[@clubardi]

*looks at Iceland*

[@CountScarlioni]

Ireland did do a bit of invading and conquering.The Romans regarded Irish sea-pirates as a serious nuisance and ended up having to build a number of fortified sea ports on the western coasts of Britain to ward them off. As Roman authority crumbled away in the early Medieval period, Irish raiders pillaged the east coast of Britain relentlessly. One such victim of this era was St Patrick, a British noble (probably from modern day Lancashire or Cumbria) who was abducted by Irish raiders and sold into slavery. Irish invaders came close to conquering southern Wales, and in the north they founded the Kingdom of Dál Riata which stretched over much of Western Scotland. As the new British Kingdoms formed into more stable and heavily defended polities, Irish raids grew less successful. Then the Vikings showed up, and taught a hard lesson to everyone on the British Isles of how raiding was meant to be done! Since then the Irish have either had to exist alongside much more militarily powerful neighbours, or they were in the process of being conquered and subjugated by them. Given Ireland was seen as the outer edge of the world by the peoples of the Middle Ages, there wasn't really any opportunity for expansionism so in that respect Ireland was geographically unfortunate. It's interesting to speculate how an Ireland of the Middle Ages with a more unified feudal hierarchy and a more capable administrative system could well have become one of the most powerful nations in Western Europe.

[@jacklowe3429]

Diane's facial expression throughout this video: a 12-year old who realized she forgot to study for the morning quiz in science class.

[@wjr10110]

Who needs to consider going around the world in 80 days when you can cover the entire history of it in a little under 24 minutes with the charming Diane Jennings!

[@DianeJennings]

Dawwwwww! 🥰

[@theherohartmut]

Ireland isn't the only Western country that gets largely overlooked in this video. Romania and Canada aren't given any specific shoutouts either (though, in Canada's case, the 'at least there's beaver' line might refer to the North American fur trade that occurred there). That said, the Irish Kingdoms are very briefly referenced as part of the 'new kingdoms all over Europe' around the 600 AD mark.

[@dragonvok8865]

Yea but almost every country has fought for independence it would take 20 minutes just to cover them all and he probably covered america because that's where he's from and that was his target audience before the video went viral.

[@theherohartmut]

@@dragonvok8865 If I was to give Ireland one shout-out in Mr. Wurtz's video, I'd have mentioned the Great Famine and the resulting diaspora, rather than any fight for independence. The fact that the US is heavily featured in the original overview is probably not so much down to creator provincialism as it is a testament to how historically significant the nation has been since its inception.

[@peter_popoff]

Its likely because they didnt impact the world as a whole so much as just their own country. I know, its easy for me to say that as a dumb, ignorant American, but that's my guess.

[@dragonvok8865]

@@peter_popoff no reason to call yourself dumb my man, it's okay to make assumptions and be wrong that's just part of life. And you are probably right america has a greater influence of the world than probably any other country so it'd make sense if that's why he focused more of his main topics on it

[@theherohartmut]

@@peter_popoff Well, the Irish diaspora is the reason so many people around the world, especially in the US, claim Irish heritage. So I wouldn't say it only affected Ireland.

[@GRT1865]

I would have been here earlier but I didn't get notified (again). Ireland is just chilling over there. Exactly! Stay safe. Take care. Have fun. 😎

[@MFCOOL83]

I've seen many other reactions and honestly you're the first one to make it through the video without pausing every few min and needing a moment to process. Lol well done. 👍

[@DianeJennings]

Ha! Thanks, I wonder has it anything to do with how quickly I used to need to learn lines as an actor. I think it helped with my fast retention skills

[@jeremyfrost2636]

@@DianeJennings I bet that did help.

[@andrewgalindo6959]

Great video. I love that style of video, fun, informative and quick paced so you don't have a chance to get bored.

[@miket4560]

What the heck. This clip was a complete assault on three of my senses. I can see where you would love this Di. Your mind seems pretty busy at times. Thank you for the post. Always appreciated. 🇨🇦

[@DianeJennings]

It is… I’d like to evict some of the busyness’ness

[@miket4560]

@@DianeJennings That's funny. Perhaps hang up a no vacancy sign as well. 😅🤣😂

[@Randerson2409]

This is what I call the tapas version of history. Tiny portions of a lot of things all happening one after another. Excellent for giving you an entry point to a bunch of interesting topics

[@georgiabandit5810]

The history of the entire world, i guess video is probably one of the best vids on youtube.

[@arinerm1331]

This was both informative and highly entertaining, and contained much more detail than the "everything" in the movie "Airplane!" "First the earth cooled, then the dinosaurs came, but they all got fat and died and turned into oil. Then the Arabs came, and they drove Mercedes."

[@quellenathanar]

Dammit...I almost destroyed my monitor.

[@rickeycarey4556]

I didn't see that coming Diane and Editor Diane Switching places. Todays video is very entertaining the ways its presented and the sound effects make it very entertaining while educating. Glad you shared it and reacted to it. Ireland did not get mentioned but its a awesome place Diane. Ireland has contributed to the world a lot of goodness to the world. Irish chocolate is the best. 8 years time flies Chewie's such a good boy.

[@DianeJennings]

He is!! Thanks Rickey. For such a tiny country, we’ve definitely had our fair impact on the world. Mostly positive…

[@rickeycarey4556]

​@@DianeJennings Lord Chewington🐶 I knight thee. I completely agree with you, Diane. Lots of good quality food and lovely people including actors, comedians and entertainers. 🍀🍫 🇮🇪 🏰

[@twenty3enigma]

Editor Diane should have a dark Chewie with her, adding his own comments.

[@xenotypos]

@@DianeJennings I have a cousin that's obsessed with Ireland (I'm from France). He likes everything about the country. Ireland definitely was unlucky during history, and would probably have a lot more inhabitant (30-40 million) if it wasn't for that tragic event in the middle of the 19th century. Yet you're famous for stuff like Celtic music/mythology, the landscapes, some influential historical figures and for the Irish accent being the last boss for people trying to learn English. (and also famous for Irish women I won't lie, or maybe that's just my cousin's influence).

[@davidwillford3119]

That was a really good one. Plus the bestest Editor Diane appearance ever.

[@craigcorson3036]

Yes, he mentioned Ireland. 7:12 There's Ireland, right there, except he's calling it tin land. I've seen videos by this guy before, on other topics, and I like his style, too. i agree that this should be shown in schools.

[@MWSin1]

I'd say Tinland is probably meant to be Cornwall.

[@craigcorson3036]

@@MWSin1 Very possibly. I have no idea where in Great Britain tin is mined. Still, Ireland IS on the map at that point in the video.

[@MWSin1]

@@craigcorson3036 Cornwall (the southwest tip of England) was a major source of tin during the bronze age.

[@jeffcdeleon]

Editor Diane calling Diane “dark” is a moment years in the making. 🤣 Did you see they shared audio from waves being emitted by a black hole recently? It’s captivatingly eerie… (Another) Great video, lady! 👍🏻

[@DianeJennings]

Only true viewers will get it 😝

[@johnh8268]

Positive ED was a bit disconcerting!

[@corykathol1868]

The Force will always seek balance, when the Light becomes dark, Dark is forced out of her element and into the Light.

[@ericrhill]

Bill Wurtz is actually a pretty phenomenal musician as well. It's freeform jazz and quite absurd sometimes but I love it. Check out "Mt St Helens is about to blow up" and "I'm best friends with my own front door" which are my personal favorites. His style is so uniquely him.

[@DianeJennings]

Oh cool! You know I love a creative

[@ericrhill]

@@DianeJennings creative content is good for the brain head!

[@anna._olsen_]

i also like mount st. helens and money. literally every song he makes is an eternal jam

[@snooks5607]

22:40 what kind of things have actually happened in last couple of years, corona and one more war? I think only disease that got mentioned was black death, if that's the threshold then I don't think our current woes are worth mentioning.

[@CraigKostelecky]

Part 1 of this video covers the first 4½ billion years. Part 2 will be released in roughly 4½ billion more years.

[@douglasfrompa593]

First there was Earth, it was bleak and boring "mostly harmless" Then one great day a baby was born and named Diane. Light and joy followed her everywhere. And every little thing got a little better. Hi Diane. Give master Chewsterson a boop for his fans.😎😉

[@DianeJennings]

Well this comment is just incredibly charming! Chewy has been booped on your behalf

[@douglasfrompa593]

@@DianeJennings 💘 I aim to please. Sleep well and have a great tomorrow.,😉

[@jamesheald7971]

@@DianeJennings so now he is known as Chewbopa?

[@bobbyquinting3918]

If it makes you feel better -I am about 10% Irish, 10% Scottish but mostly English. The reason why Ireland is not a hot topic in world history much is because they were not colonialists like a lot of other countries. You should take solace in this fact.

[@winterburden]

Thank you for reacting to it Diane! 🙆‍♀️

[@DianeJennings]

🥰

[@JKM395]

You finally got here! Everyone on YT does eventually. Personally, I think you'll dig it. Good to see you on a Wednesday, Miss Diane. I hope it's been a good one.

[@DianeJennings]

Oh yeah. Is it a right of passage? Cool!

[@JKM395]

@@DianeJennings It certainly is. You have now 'arrived.' Congratulations. ;-)

[@catistired3007]

i watched this video more times that i can count and i NEVER get tired of watching it

[@dvdbluraydude3038]

A lot of information in 20 minutes, I need to lay down and take a nap after watching that.

[@DianeJennings]

Same… but just General… It’s night time here

[@telgato711]

Wonderful video. Thanks Diane! As usual you crushed it!

[@DianeJennings]

Aww 🥰

[@beatooze8025]

All us Canadians got was a beaver mention lol. It's fine, we don't need to make noise to shape the world. Lol.

[@scott4092]

This is one of my favorite videos ever. I agree, Ireland has a very interesting history. He's also done a history of Japan, maybe he'll do one for Ireland and Britain someday.

[@CHRISANDREOU4199]

😂😂😂

[@Blynat]

The History of Japan is also a good video and why there was a "Intermission" splash screen when he first mentions japan becoming a Kingdom.

[@Jeff_Lichtman]

Even with all the detail, there are big things it omitted. Not just Ireland, but lots of African history, and the history of the Americas apart from the U.S.

[@jeremyfrost2636]

A Japanese reactor also mentioned that Japan isn't mentioned that often.

[@youtubewontletme]

​@@jeremyfrost2636Hmmm literally bill's first video is history of Japan.

[@bdwon]

On-Camera Diane looks great no matter however much smudged and stained, and the editor too!

[@thelorax9622]

Hi Diane - Australia was mentioned for one second as a dumping ground for prisoners, so don't feel bad. I first watched this ages ago - now I watch others reacting to it to see what they think of it.

[@Larper64]

He also never touched on the Gaelic/Celtic expansion between the age of the Mycenaean Greeks and the Classical Greeks.

[@jeremyfrost2636]

21:20 Ireland was definitely excluded here. I noticed that too.

[@knurdarcanix]

I've seen this pop up in my suggested videos but never checked it out, but now I get to watch it with Diane and all you lovely weirdos ☺️ yay 😁 it was well worth the wait 😃 what a crazy interesting video 📷

[@DianeJennings]

Aww yay! I was avoiding it too

[@knurdarcanix]

@@DianeJennings I'm happy we waited to watch it together ☺️

[@rickardroach9075]

0:37 “… and so much has happened since then.” I think part of the point of this video is to illustrate how insignificant one’s lifetime is (world life expectancy is currently 73.16 years) when measured against the age of the universe (13.7 billion years). “And the dinosaurs are gone.” 🎶

[@billymckee8379]

4:00 i got totally sidetracked by the lil fluffer in the background between their arm and the video

[@paullangland6877]

This is a very educational KZbin video.

[@MordicusEgg]

For a quick minute, I thought the title was referring to Diane's reaction to the film by Mel Brooks, "The History Of The World, Part I". What a funny movie! Diane, please watch it, and all kinds of other Mel Brooks movies!

[@iceman34]

Yep

[@TheBartman47]

Yes, please review the Mel Brooks movie.

[@Turambar88]

If it makes you feel any better, about Ireland getting snubbed, the closest Canada got to being included was "at least there's beaver."

[@lostwizard]

Yup. This video is intense. And there is lots of information that shows up on screen but not as part of the narration. And even a few fun bits like the gravity cameo during the lead up to "society" which is likely referencing a real thing - social gravity.

[@kirbywilliamson2942]

Missed the premier, but what’s a when day with out Diane . Empty! So better late than never. Aaah, that’s better. Now I can start my thurst day fulfilled. ✌️🍀🇨🇦😎

[@martini1179]

Bill Wurtz also does a great one specifically on the history of Japan, in the same style. You should check it out.

[@nodezsh]

Yeah, people loved that one and his fans were like "NOW DO THE WHOLE WORLD" and he took a year off without saying anything then he uploaded this and the rest is history. As well as this, anyway. And of course people love the whole world more than just Japan.

[@icestorm40]

The fella doing the narration was excellent!

[@skovol007]

After pointing out the slpooch of mascara, did editor Diane almost....smile?!

[@oldgreggsmadmemes4431]

"Why is there a sad face on Ireland" Come on....you know why lol

[@chicken2jail545]

Happy Wednesday Diane! This video is a classic. But it definitely needs a Chewy update. And who knew Chad was a lake?!

[@DianeJennings]

😂 A very good point!

[@king_halcyon]

Update?

[@godzillalover2]

love watching you experience these things

[@dylanbahret6511]

Keep up the great work Diane!

[@DianeJennings]

Thanks I’ll just keep swimming 🐠

[@dylanbahret6511]

@@DianeJennings Dory is that you?? 🤣 I beg you, put Dory somewhere in your next video for like a half a second😂

[@vodostar9134]

Cool video. Enjoyed watching it with you. Thanks.

[@TheNeonParadox]

This is still my favorite KZbin video. To this day I randomly sing certain parts in the shower like some kind of history nerd Tourettes.

[@DianeJennings]

That’s an incredible skill!

[@waynezimmerman1950]

Love this reaction, and of course Bill Wurtz' video; but for the part where he says all the dinosaurs are gone, as paleontologists are finding more evidence of survivor species in birds and such.

[@FillipJPhry]

Love that you enjoyed this gem

[@Albinodrew]

Very interesting and quite educative, thank you Diane for sharing this

[@thepigvillage]

I feel like including the Irish Potato Famine would have been in the spirit of the video, no clue why he didn’t I think Ireland was included in “also there’s new kingdoms all over Europe” though

[@JacobSprenger]

I don't feel like cosmic nihilism is particularly dark. I understand why it may feel dark to some, but I think it's also liberating, in a way.

[@SkyForgeVideos]

Oooh Diane! Been waiting for this one!!! Noice! someday you should try "how the Universe is Way Bigger than you think"! It's another great mindblower!

[@DianeJennings]

Okie dokie

[@BillionSix]

Bill Wurtz also has a History of Japan video that is really good.

[@LuisTheFilmHack]

Had you not mentioned the mascara, I wouldn't have noticed.

[@DianeJennings]

Ah thanks! I guess maybe by the time I went through color correction etc. it’s not as noticeable. It really was a big blob though

[@LindaC616]

@@DianeJennings I agree with Luis

[@infinityslibrarian5969]

I'm genuinely suprised that you are both beautiful and well grounded/sane. That's rare in todays media.

[@stingersplash]

Love watching people watch this. It's so good.

[@lordreptilestormblade1749]

they mentioned the Vikings, who did settle Ireland. Dublin was after all originally a Norse/Viking settlement used primarily as a slave market, though nowadays it is a very popular pub crawl.

[@paulbunyun2096]

Just found this Channel, and I'm happy! Your one of my people .

[@janicewilliams966]

When it started I was like…WTF are you doing to us Diane? Then….WOW….I want to watch it again!

[@steveyTheTV]

I want to give Editor Diane a hug. She always seems stressed out. She needs a day off.

[@DianeJennings]

She Hasn’t had a day off in years

[@kg4wwn]

@@DianeJennings Isn't that illegal in civilized countries?

[@omega1575]

@@DianeJennings could you let her have a day off and some time to go outside and see the sun?

[@williameldridge9382]

@@kg4wwn Nope.

[@jean-paulaudette9246]

Oh, excellent! I love this one.

[@DianeJennings]

I Get why it was an instant classic!

[@zpitzer]

One of the best reactions I have seen of this video.

[@kayzeaza]

4:50 what’s even weirder is that life independently arose on Earth just once. That’s it. And all the living things on earth are a descendant of that one being.

[@MrMwmussel1]

I love the personality swap, and a very cool video.

[@bopeep7080]

Thank you. I needed that. ❤️

[@DianeJennings]

😄

[@bopeep7080]

@@DianeJennings Hearing from you directly is really cool. Thanks

[@bopeep7080]

@@DianeJennings Since I know you read these I have to tell you. I enjoy your videos. I think you are funny and sweet. You make my day.

[@jennifersmetanko6631]

When France said it was time to start cutting off heads😂🤣🤣🤣😭😭😭😭😭. Thanks for the video❤🙂👍

[@DianeJennings]

It was fun thanks Jennifer

[@corynydam2361]

I love how this just casually glosses over the cause of the Permian extinction. You know, the 2,000,000 square kilometer sized lake of molten lava covering most of Russia for 100,000 years and killed 95% of everything. That’s probably just a minor detail.

[@stuartsibbald2827]

Chill man, the Vikings only got 5 seconds of ridicule. It isn't supposed to cover every event in history, it started at the very start of the Universe. It is supposed to be fast paced and fun, I don't think I have ever watched a reaction that either the reactor, or someone in the comments doesn't get annoyed because they didn't get the mention they wanted.

[@whatabouttheearth]

THE GREAT DYING! Yeah, the Permian extinction was one of the biggest events in earth history

[@anna._olsen_]

fun fact: it took him 11 months to make this video so make sure you like it and subscribe because he works very hard

[@TaldrenMGMoonGuard]

3:33 "This should be necessary viewing in school." A lot of American teachers show this video to their students as part of their curriculum. So many in fact that many had asked for a cuss-free version of it and there was one made. Not sure if it was the original creator billwurtz made it but there is one available that's school friendly.

[@spiked200]

Like and subscribe or you'll find yourself in an alternate universe where Editor Diane is the definition of happy and Regular Diane is a cynical sarcastic sourpuss.

[@Weaskerz]

This is a good channel which is rare in this day and age

[@AW11-e4h]

The aliens sent that guy to tell us wierd stuff 😳

[@eschalecdesign2009]

Yay! I’m so glad you got to see this! He has a few other very similar videos like this, but it’s definitely too much to watch more than one in one day. I love how he put a jazz harmony on each little term that he’s made a catch phrase out of. And Diane’s little face, taking it all in. LOL!! Happy Weird Wednesday to you, and Boop.

[@DianeJennings]

Happy weird Wednesday Chris! Yes! Eric was saying below that he’s a jazz musician. That’s so

[@Armando_Brown32]

I can’t wait to see this one later on. My favorite subject other than medicine (history) + Diane = 👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻

[@DianeJennings]

Yay 😁

[@LS1007]

Yaaay!

[@DianeJennings]

Hooway!

[@robertombricen7966]

So true, I can't unsee it!

[@KimberlyGreen]

Whoa! Editor Diane had an identity crisis. 😵 On a different note: you might enjoy reacting to the outtake of Tim Conway's Elephant Story skit. You can find it under the title "Carol Burnett Show outtakes - Tim Conway's Elephant Story"

[@DianeJennings]

Good idea!

[@KimberlyGreen]

@@DianeJennings Tim Conway was notorious for trying to crack the cast up. His dentist sketch is great too.

[@TR4200]

So much to unpack in this video.

[@NeoNineOne]

Don't worry. I love Ireland. I've never been there but it looks cool.

[@AlabasterJazz]

I'd love to see your take on Carl Sagan's Pale Blue Dot speech

[@mikael-emilhedegaard9004]

Fun fact. Vikings in Ireland created several cities, like; Dublin, Wexford, Cork and Limerick.

[@bierce716]

You were included, because they mentioned America, and all Americans claim some level of Irish ancestry!

[@bierce716]

@user-rh7ch6no2r True. But we were a place for them to come during the potato famine and other issues. Like my people, the Poles. I know little about actual Polish culture, except that there are more Poles in Chicago than Warsaw!

[@davidedmondson5633]

That was a genius video and a great reaction. They did mention your second home, Spain.

[@richardleatherman5075]

Ahhhh, goos old Bill Wurtz. Truly a talented Joe.

[@racinnut77]

All of those univeristy credit hours studying history and all I had to was watch this video. I feel robbed.

[@DianeJennings]

I know right? If a kid learned this off my heart be off to an excellent lead in school

[@jimross7648]

I can't stop seeing the splitch, spitch, whatever of mascara. Seismic forces have been unleashed Editor Diane has gotten a pleasant optimistic demeanor, and On Camera Diane admits to dark impulses, and was temporarily smiling demonically, before regaining with pleasant optimistic demeanor of on Camera Diane. Wait..... what......, who's who or whom? Then she reviews a great video with delight, about well stuff about history, and stuff. It's really good and Diane (Whomever she may be) is ecstatically happy. The end. Chewie has a look, like me, is just confused. I think or do I?

[@joyc4467]

So I’m days late watching this video but it’s really cool. And Beaker is my absolute fave, Diane! 😁✌🏻❤️

[@FallenAnvilForge]

Annnd I can't un-see it... lol Love it Edit: Also, is that a camera by the bed?? What are you up to 🤔🤣

[@TeaDrinker3000]

4:50 "when do Adam and Eve arive?" I really hope that's a joke 😂😂😂

[@emilialavarellocambaceres315]

they forgot ireland luxemburg san marino monaco andorra and i can keep going but it is really informative and well done. i looove that video!!!!!!!!!!!

[@SCharlesDennicon]

A reaction to this video made by a smart person, how nice! Watching it without any knowledge of history must be exhausting. Oh, and: "no, but at least, there's beaver": my favorite funny part, for whatever reason. XD My favorite not funny part is when he says "we can make a religion out of... no let's not" about the French revolution. Very clever.

[@ΒΞΔΝ]

22:26 This may just be E.D.'s crowing edit.

[@jeremygilbert7989]

Wait, editor Diane is the existential nihilist and real Diane is the cosmic nihilist?! Did not see that curve ball coming.

[@DianeJennings]

That’s why my hair so big… It’s full of secrets

[@JohnMurphy-bo4fe]

We have a tradition of wearing pink every Wednesday in honor of the greatest movie of all time Mean Girls!

[@eschalecdesign2009]

I mean, we have all the info ever at our fingertips, it’s hard not to become somewhat nihilistic about some things.