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Spain led European global exploration and colonial expansion in the 15th and 16th centuries. The Spanish Empire became the main world power, dominating the European oceans and battlefields. Spain enjoyed a cultural golden age in the 16th and 17th centuries, when silver and gold from America's mines increasingly financed a long series of European and North African wars. Until the 18th century, the Spanish empire was the largest in the world. With the death of Philip II in 1598, the expansion and consolidation phase of the Empire came to an end, beginning a stage characterized by the weakness of the Spanish monarchs. That is why the monarchs Felipe III, Felipe IV and Carlos II have gone down in history as the minor Austrians or Habsburgs.
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