Who Were the ETA (Euskadia Ta Askatasuna)? | 5 Minute History: Episode 3

What was the Euskadi Ta Askatasuna (ETA)? In this 5 minute history, an introduction to the history of ETA, the separatist movement seeking to create an independent Basque Country through a bloody campaign against the Spanish, and a lesser degree the French government.
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Music Used:
Loopster - Kevin MacLeod
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#Basque #España #ETA

[@gaiusjuliuspleaser]

Fun fact: When the ETA assassinated Carrero, they used so much explosives they blew his car 6 stories in the air, and the event is jokingly referred to by Basques as the first time Spain sent a man into space.

[@LuisDiaz-ey8zu]

Actually it’s a popular joke all around Spain, not just in the BC.

[@defunctaccount1944]

That’s amazing lmao

[@DudeWatIsThis]

This is popular in all of Spain, it is not a Basque thing.

[@thequantumcat184]

@@LuisDiaz-ey8zu but it is specially memed by Basques imo

[@LuisAldamiz]

Rather we used to sing that "Carrero Blanco, Minister of the Navy / had the dream of flying. / Then one day ETA-military / made his dream a reality. / He flied, he flied, Carrero did fly... / and against the eave he crashed!"

[@apterminator3882]

Luis Carrero Blanco was also nicknamed the first Spanish astronaut because his car launched 200ft in the air, over a 6 story building.

[@elchapojunior3091]

If I’m ever having a bad day, I just think of this to cheer me up

[@historywithhilbert146]

I didn't know that xD

[@landerviguera9575]

Be careful, these days the Audiencia Nacional (Spanish judicial establishment) is judging people for making jokes about the death of the president of the Franco dictatorship ... They consider it an exaltation of terrorism (of a band already dissolved years ago). The issue of freedom of expression in Spain is complicate this days.

[@charusawantyt]

kzbin.info/www/bejne/hmqmh6CXZph5Y6s

[@anthonyhayes1267]

@@landerviguera9575 He got what he deserved and no one should be afraid to say it.

[@stuartleslie6169]

I remember Glasgow Celtic had a game against Barcelona only hours after the Madrid bombings. A minute's silence was called and we were baffled when the Barca fans started booing during it. Turns out the tannoy announcer blamed the attack on ETA and they weren't having it.

[@jorgesalazar5049]

It was a fair thing to suspect at the time as yihadists attacks in Spain were rare and ETA bombing civilians was fairly "often". Once evidence was clear that was discarded. The fact that they booed during a minute of silence is really despicable right after the incident.

[@mankytoes]

@@jorgesalazar5049 It's ridiculous to publicly blame a group with no evidence- the announcer could have just said it was a minute silence for the victims and not speculated on the attackers. Same thing happened with the Brevik attack in Norway, people immediately blamed Muslims.

[@jorgesalazar5049]

@Ir liz yeah exactly one of those very casual coincidences that these shady attacks happened 2 days before the election and overturned the results... Attacks nothing like Islamic terrorism ever is, and the trains and all evidence was destroyed a couple days after...

[@liammeech3702]

@Ir liz Spain is part of NATO and legally had to join

[@liammeech3702]

@Ir liz Probably not, I'm not pretending to know anything internal Spanish issues. All I know is there wont be a war Between any NATO state

[@napoleonibonaparte7198]

“or so we hope.” Oh no, please no. We’ve been through a cursed year already.

[@historywithhilbert146]

I would agree.

[@andresmartinezramos7513]

Oh fuck...

[@carlosquintela2950]

@@historywithhilbert146 hilbert thanks for covering this part of the history of my country, I salute you from Madrid

[@Oh_oh_its_Magic]

My my, I see me!

[@jorgechs4711]

2022 year where eta and franco rise up from their graves and bitchslap each other in chueca

[@jochen9367]

Well the anti religion part is not really true, although they declared themselves revolutionary and socialist they recieved a lot of support by some rural basque clerics, and ETA never actually attacked neither physically or verbally to the church

[@ecurewitz]

they just may have been not particularly religious

[@theemperor6413]

Religion was probably never really part of them they were Marxist but wanted the support of religious people in the Basque country thats my thought

[@jesusmena3505]

They prefer kills kids.

[@EcclesiastesLiker-py5ts]

The Marxists in the Spanish civil war, from whom these ETA are directly descended, very much persecuted the religious, especially, but not only, the Catholic church. Catholic Priests were murdered and churches burned down, not to mention missionaries from the protestant and Jehovah's Witnesses denominations being stoned.

[@jochen9367]

@@EcclesiastesLiker-py5ts That is bullshit. For starters the ETA are the descentant from the soldiers of the Gudarostea who where catholic and nationalist that fought against Franco to gain autonomy in the way for Independence. Second Franco was the one who killed Protestant missionaries, just look at Atilano Coco the friend of Miguel de Unamuno

[@mbathroom1]

Last time I was this early, Navarre still existed

[@montimuros2837]

Well, it technically still exists. Just not as independent kingdom, but rather an autonomous community within Spain (or, to be more precise, a "chartered community").

[@marneus]

Navarre still exists. It's a Spanish Commonwealth with its own parliament.

[@ikersanvicenteganzabal7166]

Your spanish prounuciation is brillant.

[@historywithhilbert146]

Gracias!

[@themobstar58]

@Ir liz how are you suposed to know the syllabe stress? you don't use tildes?

[@LautaroArgentino]

@@themobstar58 I'd guess you just know after learning the language. Languages like English don't use them either.

[@eneko4098]

@@themobstar58 no, we don't. As English, for example

[@ekmalsukarno2302]

Hilbert, can you please make a video on the Sri Lankan Civil War. Please accept my request.

[@historywithhilbert146]

I'll see if I have time in the future :)

[@a1n9t8o9]

@@historywithhilbert146 great suggestion! i second this! :)

[@naveencan7612]

i 3rd and 4th this😂😂😂

[@fuckaprius474]

@@historywithhilbert146 do it

[@fuckaprius474]

@@historywithhilbert146 love ur vids

[@gregorycomey]

It's bizzare Counter-Strike has a faction based on these guys

[@omskc_gb4728]

I hate these chickens

[@de_dan]

We are going to do this

[@gabrielidusogie9189]

Not really if you think about it. CSGO has GSG9 and SAS as factions both counter terrorist and ETA as a terrorist faction. FPS Games often draw real world events for inspiration

[@capncake8837]

@@gabrielidusogie9189 True, but ETA isn't as well-known by the global community as other groups.

[@Toywars69]

"DO NOT SHOOT ME. DO NOT SHOOT ME!" -random seperatist voiceline

[@avantelvsitania3359]

The last sentences of Basque nationalists in 1975 led to a popular storming of the Spanish embassy in Lisbon. Which is surprisingly unknown. 1975 was a particularly turbulent year in Portugal. You could do a video about that, the “Hot Summer of 75”.

[@k.umquat8604]

Yeah, the Carnation Revolution is particularly interesting

[@thequantumcat184]

Isn't that the year of their first elections?

[@felixguillermo2568]

Who were the ETA? - Long story: This video - Short story: Spanish IRA

[@daneltotorikaguena3560]

Basically

[@DudeWatIsThis]

"Like the IRA, but wrong."

[@citizenfoffie7605]

The first few killings seemed more than fine.

[@DudeWatIsThis]

@@citizenfoffie7605 Yeah well, the next 800 were a little worse, with the mutilated children and all.

[@markwhelanspain9135]

Basque IRA maybe..

[@NH-ge4vz]

It's friday AND History with Hilbert uploaded a new video? This day can't get any better

[@historywithhilbert146]

New uploads EVERY Friday ;)

[@edoruruburumoyua1002]

For those who are interested: AskatasunA, that last "a" is the definite article ("the" in English). The title sounds strange to a native speaker :) So: Who were ETA?* would be preferable. Also, some (Spanish speaking) people use that "the" offensively. Just trying to help! Thank you for your videos!

[@nicsmith7689]

Yeah, "The ETA" sounds really grating. Like "The NASA". At least he didn't sound out the letters (The Eeh Tee Ayy) like some ppl do. The pronunciation was on point, so I'll forgive him.

[@LuisAldamiz]

It's not identical to the article, it's a nominative declension. The reason why the article is not used is because it is an acronym that not even in Spanish or English would carry article "the Vasconia and Freedom"? Nope. "Vasconia and Freedom", it's proper name, unlike *the* Irish Republican Army, where "army" does demand the article.

[@steven_003]

The FLNC in Corsica is often overlooked as well, a video on them would be phenomenal. :)

[@LuisAldamiz]

A group retook arms recently but haven't done much.

[@shadowcelica5554]

fun fact the FLNC and ETA as a song about thier friendship

[@steven_003]

@@shadowcelica5554 If you mean “Askatasunera” I know it. Beautiful song.

[@skydragon5555]

When I was young I had to leave my car twice to have it checked for bombs cuz ETA had given random warnings of bombs and my mother was a public servant lol. There was no bomb any time but still an interesting thing

[@LuisAldamiz]

She was a cop? A politician? Generic public servants were not targeted.

[@skydragon5555]

@@LuisAldamiz A justice public servant. I am not sure if it was an specific threat or a threat to everyone that worked in the justice place

[@LuisAldamiz]

@@skydragon5555 - Judges were often targeted but rather high profile ones. State attorneys maybe, common secretaries and such never.

[@nicotjondronegoro6782]

Nice! I've been waiting for this one!

[@19MAD95]

That “or so we hope” was eerily quiet

[@nikok.6479]

amazing video as usual - could you do one looking at the history of astor dell? people need to know about the war crimes

[@historywithhilbert146]

Skreeeeeee Sky's dad is a war criminal cancel Winx

[@SAVAGE-oe3fg]

Please make a video on the Dorsland trekkers and grensoorlog

[@historywithhilbert146]

Thanks for the suggestion :)

[@EmisoraRadioPatio]

Some corrections: Many Basques fought on the Nationalist side, too. Also, Juan Carlos had already been tapped as Franco’s successor when Carrero Blanco was assassinated.

[@epicnoodles7022]

I actually appreciate that an english youtuber makes so many videos about the history of Spain, thanks Hilbert! :D

[@thequantumcat184]

I think he is Dutch xD

[@epicnoodles7022]

@@thequantumcat184 Oh... That makes a lot more sense now

[@gabevdm]

Hi Hilbert, I’ve discovered your channel just recently and have seen hours of movies yet. Very interesting content, thanks. Since you have a certain interest in Dutch and Frisian history, I was wondering why that would be. You live in Northumbria (EN) right? Is one of your parents from Frisian heritage or is there another reason?

[@leomuar1286]

Thanks for covering the subject, I am Basque and this is a subject that still continues to be talked about, so I like to see that there are English speakers who speak about it. Mila Esker.

[@Nakhche2004]

Freedom to euskara. Im chechen we have suffered the same

[@barbaralucas1220]

Thanks for this Hilbert, Very interesting 😊

[@karlosdeevs]

hello, Hilbert. I was wondering if you could make a video about the Polisario Front in Western Sahara and all the drama between Morocco & W.S as there is so much I still don't understand about it. Thx!

[@jesusmena3505]

Hello there, I will going explain you a little. The sahara was a Spanish protectorado, fully of tribal groups called taifas, they were very violent and Spain summited them at beginning of the XX century, after WWII decolonization process start take place, Franco get sick and marruecos take that like a opportunity and launch a massive invasion whit civilians called the green March and Spain have to get out there, sahara get split between marruecos and Mauritania, but people living there doesn't want to be part of neither both, so they create the frente polisario to confront them, Mauritania get out but marruecos still fighting until this day, 35% of their PBI goes to military because the frente polisario, at the same time their people go to Spain to have the opportunities that marruecos don't give them.

[@ihrfer]

Thanks for that video! I either forgot or never knew about Carrero Blanco's assassination and its importance for Spain's transition back to democracy.

[@jorgeferdenav]

It's a rather uncomfortable truth for the more monarchist sector of Spanish society that a bunch of basque sepis did more for democracy by kickstarting our space programme that Juan Carlos did by accepting to be the sugar-free version of what Franco wanted for him.

[@jensjensen9035]

THANK YOU FOR DOING THIS BRO

[@mankala5054]

As a basque is sad to see the ideological decline of ETA: With Franco they had many intellectuals and their targets were always fasscists and people with strategical importance towards their aim to achieve democracy and the end of the dictatorship, whereas after Franco they lost all the intellectuals and they started doing stupid and reckless actions that made them lose the support of the basque and spanish people, apart from the fact that violence was no longer needed under democracy and they didn't manage to see it due to the lack of said intellectuals.

[@guillermo907]

It would be nice if instead of using adjectives like "stupid" and "reckless" to refer to their actions, you said "evil", "cruel" and "psychopathic", which is what the murder of 700 innocent people after Franco was.

[@mankala5054]

@@guillermo907That's a straight-up lie.

[@eneko4098]

@@guillermo907 thats definitely false hahahaha just show any proof

[@guillermo907]

@@eneko4098 look up sociometro vasco 1998, 22% of the population were in favour of becoming independent. It is clearly not the will of the people

[@guillermo907]

@@eneko4098 if I am not mistaken in 1988 it was 25%, the number is much lower now

[@nicolaymycl6575]

It would be very interesting that you made a video about Andorra!

[@cheddarcheeseisgood8030]

This is a good video But I'm still wanting a Shropshire video😔

[@exudeku]

Basque and the Catalan: aight we wanna leav- España: hold it right there, señor

[@marneus]

Actually, it's a minority of violent totalitarians that use violence as a way to force the hand of the majority.

[@herman1francis]

I am a catalan independentist. Violence should always be avoided unless it becomes the only way to survive as a people.

[@jonoc3729]

@@herman1francis May I ask which are your reasons for being independentist? Im just curious.

[@herman1francis]

@@jonoc3729 Of course I am happy to oblige. Let's imagine you are a french person, you might not be, but for the sake of the argument please bear with me. Imagine the official language of france is German, imagine every single political decision concerning france is decided in Berlin, imagine all of the tax payment made by french people has to be sent to german controlled berlin (AKA Madrid) imagine that "napoleon bonaparte" wiki's page states that he was german. Imagine that making a law which states that french kids should learn french in school had to be validated by the german state. And Now, ask a french person if they would agree with all that I have stated.

[@herman1francis]

@@jonoc3729 us, the catalans, speak a different language, have different traditions, different mentality, a most different history, and most importantly we were added to the spanish crown by force under military occupation, do you think any group of disctinct people would be okay under the rule of another very disctinct group that occupied you by force?

[@themanwiththegoldengooch9811]

I'd reccomend doing a video on the FLQ and the October crisis

[@DMCS1917]

Can you make a video on the Scottish National Liberation Army (SNLA)?

[@brandonk.4864]

Can you make a video about the Carnation Revolution? There aren’t any good explainer type videos about it on KZbin. Thanks!

[@jensjensen9035]

please do the polasario front or FLNC next i love this series

[@Krovald]

Hi Hilbert. Love the vids. I find them really informative and entertaining. It´s stuff I don´t find anywhere else. However... the over-use of the word 'However' is a bit annoying, especially in this vid. One could consider structuring sentences slightly differently so that words like 'While' or 'Nonetheless' or ´Consequently´ could be employed. One golden rule of writing is never to use the same word to start sentences more than once every paragraph. I hope not to bum you, my remark is meant as constructive criticism.

[@antikhrist5698]

5 months ago, but ETA is historically best and most dangerous organisation alongside PIRA, and Corsican Liberation Army. Thanks for educating people and letting understand them why ETA fought. Edit: i really mean it thanks for these types of videos.

[@talzzz1546]

Pkk

[@nughtermartin8283]

Currently living in Biarritz which is a french town by the sea with very strong basque culture. Very interesting to learn about this part of their history. Good video

[@nile8686]

Biarritz is Euskal Herria. Please inform yourself about where you are living. Ondo izan

[@rafaelmonzumiguez8730]

@@nile8686 Biarritz was in the Gascon (Occitan) speaking area, traditionally, they have nothing to do with modern Basque language, it was demonstrated in the 19th century, the Basque thing is a tourism strategy.

[@nile8686]

@@rafaelmonzumiguez8730 lol ive talked to locals in euskera ye can't fool me

[@rafaelmonzumiguez8730]

I'm not fooling or anything, I'm telling how it has been historically, there's documental proof of it: Linguistic map of the "Gascogne" and Louis Napoleon Bonaparte' works.

[@nathanhammond9003]

This was awesome!

[@jorgejavierlaborde6623]

Hey Hilbert could u make a video about Puerto Rico current situation and bring some light to my country it would be a pleasure if u could

[@b3nzayizkoolyo]

Dunno how obscure this is, but can you do a vid on the Red River Rebellion and Louis Riel?

[@LuisAldamiz]

Very obscure. Never heard of them.

[@b3nzayizkoolyo]

@@LuisAldamiz he's Canada's Ned Kelly

[@LuisAldamiz]

@@b3nzayizkoolyo - Why do I ask? I still had to go to Wikipedia... let's see: Ned Kelly, sounds Irish... well, Australian revolutionary hero apparently but a bit like Billy the Kid. Cool. Yes, I subscribe: we need to learn of revolutions, successful and failed alike. Cheers.

[@SpiderManpeterxxxparker]

Can you do more videos on the Basques, I would really like to learn more about my ancestors

[@thequantumcat184]

Same

[@sports872]

Very interesting. I'd like to learn more about the Basque country and the politics of the place and any flags used. What was the views and relations with the Basque people and the rest of Spainish people? Is there affinity between the Catalan and Basque regions?

[@Natureboy1235]

Could you do one on the years of lead in Italy?

[@ifeoluwaalonge5240]

Anyone here beacuse of the New jeans controversy😭

[@xrstufty8651]

Do one on the Irish National Liberation Army

[@venetianmerchant5062]

You should do a video on the Ertzaintza

[@inkyscrolls5193]

I had no idea they were around so recently!

[@jesusmena3505]

Yeah, they even are in the government right now, they leader even kidnapped people.

[@awddsa2923]

@Ir liz Asesino.

[@awddsa2923]

@Ir liz Otegui no estuvo en la carcel por lo que hizo? Perdona?

[@LuisAldamiz]

@@jesusmena3505 - They are not in the government, first of all because ETA does not exist anymore, second of all because EH Bildu is not in any government above municipal level. Also Otegi did not kidnap anyone, I know from a former cop with whom I shared job that it was a self-kidnapping by the Cantabrian industrial and that Otegi was just a scapegoat. Not that I like Otegi at all anyhow, but he's innocent of what he was accused and for what he served prison.

[@kntrsh]

Hipercor bombing was kind of a missed highlight

[@algunnomegracioso6310]

great video, but I think there is a little mistake. Franco died in 1975 and spain became a democratic constitutional monarchy in 1978, but France didnt start to collaborate in the persecution of ETA until de late 80s when Spain became a part of the NATO, the EEC and other international institutions. Actually one of the main goals of the GAL was to force France to persecute ETA by bringing the violence to their country.

[@LuisAldamiz]

Then why do I remember the campaign of boycott against French products from c. 1984, maybe even earlier?

[@jeffgraham9208]

That was well done.

[@tiffanylovelovelove]

Who came here after newjeans ETA teaser

[@thesheassheis]

Me, I had to learn more

[@nittalard]

Meee🥹

[@LuisAldamiz]

1. ETA did not fight against France, except punctually in self-defense, and was focused on the southern provinces. There was a small group which did fight in the North against France, Iparretarrak (the Northern ones, also word-play that can be read as "those of ETA of the North" but never affiliated to nor backed by ETA). 2. Never in my life heard of "ATA" it's not in any history book of the many written about ETA, nobody in the Basque Country ever heard of "ATA" (until recently because it has been used as the title of a blog: "Amnistia ta Askatasuna" = "Amnesty and Freedom" and sometimes is equated with supposed attempts to extend ETA's life). ETA was born as a non-military organization in the late 50s, when there was still some anti-fascist guerrilla (AFAIK the last attack against Franco of the post-war generation happened in 1960 or 1962). In the summer of 1968 they began military activities as you described correctly. 3. ETA was NOT "anti-religion", I personally know old militants who consider themselves Christians to this very day (to my own surprise and the laughter of the younger generation) but key leaders like Argala, the main actor in the execution of Carrero Blanco, were definitely devout Christians and began their activism as such. 4. In ETA-V the V must be read as "five" or as "Fifth Assembly". I'm unsure of the exact differences with the other ETA branches (too young to remember) but almost certainly they were not more to the right, but more to the left and less nationalist and produced the all-Spain Communist Revolutionary League (Trotskyist), but maybe those were ETA-VI (six), it can get confusing. 5. The GAL was not a novelty: dirty war had existed all the way since late fascism, it just went by other names: Batallón Vasco-Español (Basque-Spanish Batallion), Guerrilleros de Cristo Rey (Guerrillas of Christ King), etc. GAL (sometimes GANE) was just the new acronym that the PSOE (Labour) government used for its murderous activities. They barely targeted any ETA members (whose identities were seldom known and who obviously were in hiding in any case) but mostly political activists like my grandpa's neighbor Santiago Brouard or Egin newspaper's journalists or taverns suspected to be sympathetic with ETA, etc. It was more indiscriminate political terror than actual anti-ETA activity. 6. The street riots (kale borroka) not affiliated but sympathetic with ETA were not in crescendo since the late 80s but rather the opposite. The reason was that replacement of very ineffective Spanish police by Basque Autonomous Police (Israeli-trained, less focused on direct beatings, murder and torture, more on locating the suspects and arresting them possibly days after the facts, more professional and obsessed with filling everything with security cameras) resulted in what was originally pretty much an open rioting social activity, with no or very limited organization, became much more specialized because only those with some training, organization and discipline could hope to remain at large. It evolved from being a common "popular activity" to a secretive akmost military discipline (and often the prequel to a life of ETA membership culminating in long prison sentences or possibly death by police happy trigger). 7. I don't think the abandonment of arms has to do much with 9-11 or Islamist terror (of very different nature), it has more to do with the decline of leftist struggles everywhere, especially the negotiations between the IRA and Britain, which some hoped to imitate (but Spain is not Britain, so there was never a proper negotiation and only a surrender). Other related struggles like the Corsican liberation fight, the Sahrawi one, the Palestinian one... were all in decline or frozen. While in the 70s and 80s Europe and the Mediterranean was brewing with lots of leftist guerrillas, many associated to national liberation, in the 00s that was not the case anymore. It has more to do if anything with the collapse of the USSR, which was a reference even if most were also critical with them.

[@Roelioz1]

ETA-PM, tells you they don’t estimate time arrivals in the morning.

[@markrichardsocioprojectgo1800]

Good insightful video man. I have my own youtube channel as well, and I have some videos where i explore historical places, but my video production or presentation is nothing like yours. good job man. thanks for sharing

[@lanmarknetworking3034]

Navarre is my ancestors homeland, and I cant help feel a dissonance between the ideologies of ethnolinguistic self-rule, and the ideology of the Westphalian Nation-State.

[@bixkibat481]

How so? Navarre was sovereign before it was conquered.

[@lanmarknetworking3034]

@@bixkibat481 well look all around the world east west 3rd world, doesn't matter. Many many mations are making concessions to long time minority populations. I want to see Basques have more independence but IDK if I necessarily agree that breaking up political borders for ethnolinguistic ones is a solution.

[@bixkibat481]

@@lanmarknetworking3034 I could agree, but I want to add that there does not exist a solution as such. No change or lack of change will satisfy everyone. An increase on independence will satisfy some, but not all. Especially considering that that increased independenced can be revoked at any time. The long term solution (end of the conflict) will be either the independence or the disappearance of the basque ethnolinguistic group. In all sincerity, I do not see the independence coming, so we will have conflict for the coming decades.

[@lanmarknetworking3034]

@@bixkibat481 my ancestors came to north America about a century after the lower Navarre was lost, so even back then they knew. Multiculturalism is such a fleeting dream, but it really seems like many western societies just devolve into this "separate but equal" type of mentality, and non-western societies use apartheid or worse. IDK.

[@bixkibat481]

@@lanmarknetworking3034 I do think states can do and have done horrible things to their citizens, particularly to the minorities. I do not quite get why many people think a big country will be easier on the minorities, considering they will have more people being a minority.

[@shekelgangiv3411]

Long live the Basques and their struggle for independence

[@carlosignacio6735]

cope

[@shekelgangiv3411]

@@carlosignacio6735 lmao, your name is Carlos, your opinion is worthless

[@Nakhche2004]

​@@shekelgangiv3411 im chechen. The world thinks the same of us as they think of basque people. Freedom is only a matter of time

[@alfredthegreatkingofwessex6838]

ETA was pretty much doomed from its inception really. I’m not saying that he is responsible for ETA but many people that supported Sabino Arana’s ideals tended to disagree with his most xenophobic opinions and ideas on “basque blood purity”. Then during the dictadura, when they developed into a Marxist organization, older influential members disagreed with their anti-religious views. Since one of Aranas main ideas was the rejection of basque mythology and the embracing of ultra-catholic tradition. Really they were getting closer to just be violent for the sake of being violent. AND the embracing of Euskera and basque identity was not a big deal to do for Spain once Franco left the chat. The only good thing that we got from violent basque nationalism was the Rock-Punk basque scene from the 80s like Kortatu or La Polla. Amazing video as always Hilbert. Thank you.

[@alfredthegreatkingofwessex6838]

@Mikel Garmendia this is also true

[@PyroFTB]

ngl the white masks and black berets look really cool

[@soullesstouch8463]

thank you so much

[@_extrathicc]

Carero Blanco, the first Spanish astronaut!

[@aesthetic8289]

Be careful, its illegal to make those jokes in spain

[@rodrigomejia953]

@@aesthetic8289 ehh, it is not, like 90% of lefty humour is based around Blanco flying through the air.

[@aesthetic8289]

@@rodrigomejia953 there was one guy who made a carrero blanco joke, he got sentenced to prison, the same happends if you make a joke about the monarchy, any terrorist group and many other things, the rightoids say that they are oppressed because of "political correctness" they are so dumb, its not like you are going to get sentenced to prison for not saying they/them, on the other hand you will if you say "i hate so much the monarchy, i wish they blew up like carrero" you will be sentenced to prison

[@aesthetic8289]

@@Annnto "liberal" bruh im a communist, wdym podemos is going to disband, there is still plenty of supporters of them,unfortunately

[@frierick2]

@@aesthetic8289 Liberal is the term used in the USA and perhaps the UK for leftist. PD: really? communist?

[@aguywhoexists599]

What are the origins & symbolism of the basque flag?

[@alfredthegreatkingofwessex6838]

“Similar in pattern to the Union Jack, the flag was designed by the founders of the Basque Nationalist Party EAJ-PNV, Luis and Sabino Arana, and is commonly regarded as the national but unofficial symbol of the Basque Country (Euskal Herria). It is widely seen in the French Basque Country and forms part of the unofficial flag of Saint Pierre and Miquelon, the French overseas community in North America that was settled by French Basque and also many Spanish Basque sailors. The Ikurriña is also the flag of the Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ-PNV). A controversy exists because at first it was only the symbol of a section of the party (the section of Biscay) and many persons thought that another flag must represent the territory. The red ground symbolizes the Biscayne people, the green saltire might represent the Oak of Guernica, a symbol of the old laws of Biscay, or Fueros; and over them, the white cross, God's symbol of Basque Catholic devotion. Thus, red, white and green have become the national Basque colors.”

[@aguywhoexists599]

@@alfredthegreatkingofwessex6838 cool

[@aguywhoexists599]

TLDR: It was designed by the basque nationalist party EAJ-PNV in 1894. Red = Biscanye Green = Oak of guernica White = Catholocism

[@DiegoApunto]

In summary, Sabino and Luis Arana made it up. Total invention with no history background.

[@DiegoApunto]

@Ir lizThat’s a matter for History 101. The list is just huge.

[@auxc.6805]

Wow. My grandpa was a legend.

[@jostpolc3858]

Eta was just an answer on Franco's dictatorship who was looking on Basques and Catalans as second-class citiezens

[@alexandresoleiro4149]

Thats absolute false. Actually it was Franco who developed Basq Country and Catalunha. Thats absolute false!!

[@eneko4098]

@@alexandresoleiro4149 thats actually false. It was in the early XIX when it started, as Catalonia or Asturias, to develop on industry. So your words are just manipulation and false.

[@alfgui3295]

The best steel in Spain is produced in the Basque country, so many industries were established there and Catalonia is the link with the rest of Europe, so with Madrid and the Basque country the other region most benefited under the Franco regime. The rest of Spain payed their development. The idea of Basques and Catalans being second class citizens is part of the nationalistic narrative of playing victims. For me it's amazing the number of naive people, especially those who declare themselves as leftists, who buy this nonsense: the richest and most privileged thinking they are the victims of the poor. If you understand the narrative that made Brexit possible, you can basically understand what's going on in the Basque Country and Catalonia, because the lies are very similar.

[@jostpolc3858]

@@alfgui3295 Franco settled Spaniards from poorer regions in Catalonia and the Basque Country in order to change the ethnic composition of the region and in this way suppress the movement for independence, in my opinion this does not exactly work in favor of both nations. As for the repression, Catalan and Basque languages ​​were STRICTLY forbidden, parents were only allowed to give their children Spanish names, for speaking or communicating in the language of your ancestors you were dragged off the tram and at best beaten to blood , you were despised and pushed aside if you did not define yourself as Spanish. Once again, I am not a supporter of terrorism or killing in any way, but it is necessary to clearly understand what is the action here that triggered the reaction.

[@SaintMichael82]

Nationalists, is an understatement. Franco was a fascist, let's not forget that.

[@alex-sv8ru]

Yeah. "nationalist" Spain. Call a spade a spade. It was fascist

[@SaintMichael82]

@@alex-sv8ru still is! the son's of franquistas are the ones in power today, there's pictures of them doing the fascist salute.

[@SpanishEnthusiastt]

@@SaintMichael82 Roman salute*

[@unknownhandyman6821]

This is a both great, and honest video! I'm glad you told the story objectively. This is still a thing that has affected us basques, but it's still important to tell it objectively, without the right-wing bigotry or the promotion of the terrorist acts that the group did. Eskerrik asko, Hilbert!

[@Bettaperson-ub5vx]

Can you do the Mafia next?

[@KeKe-lr2zz]

The thing with theses kinds of organizations is that they can reemerge at any second

[@vadoksam9235]

"Our guns shall bring us victory"

[@LuisAldamiz]

Who fights can lose, who doesn't fight already lost.

[@maximilianolimamoreira5002]

sometimes I wonder, how does Hilbert view my Spanish lads?

[@DudeWatIsThis]

Badly. At some points in the video, you can see he seems to sympathise with these child-murderers.

[@virtualboy2430]

@Ir liz Simplemente está diciendo que el autor muestra una equidistancia que solo se explica desde la mala consideración que tienen los anglosajones de España.

[@virtualboy2430]

@Ir liz Si uno ve el vídeo y no es español seguramente acabe pensando que ETA es una especie de Frente Polisario que luchó contra el franquismo, en lugar de una banda terrorista que cometió la mayoría de sus crímenes en democracia y contra civiles o policías y guardias civiles de pueblo sin ningún poder real; personas que se limitaban a hacer su trabajo en el sitio que les había tocado. En el vídeo se omite todo eso, que es esencialmente en lo que derivó ETA con la complacencia de buena parte de la sociedad vasca y de la izquierda española en general. La contextualización histórica ya está bastante sesgada, se transmite la idea de que los vascos eran homogéneamente antifranquistas, cuando tanto Navarra como el País Vasco eran algunas de las regiones más conservadoras de España. Los carlistas eran casi todos navarros o vascos, y el PNV, en la medida en que era un partido conservador, vio con buenos ojos el alzamiento nacional ante los tintes comunistas que estaba adquiriendo la República. Solo cuando la República se comprometió a conceder un estatuto de autonomía el PNV cambió de bando. Pero la división era grande, si Navarra y Álava preservaron sus fueros durante la dictadura fue precisamente por el apoyo al franquismo en estas dos regiones. Por otro lado, se habla de la agenda nacionalista de Franco (y se exagera al decir que se prohibió el euskera; cuando sería mucho más preciso decir que simplemente el castellano se convirtió en la lengua de la administración), pero se omite por completo la agenda nacionalista del PNV. La parte del vídeo que no es de contextualización histórica concede excesiva importancia a las penas de muerte ordenadas por Franco y a los GAL, pero no se menciona por ejemplo el atentado de Hipercor, las cartas y amenazas de muerte con que los etarras amenazaban a familias ni las casi 1000 muertes de ETA. Sin embargo sí menciona expresamente que el gobierno de Aznar acusó primeramente a ETA del 11M. Hay en todo el vídeo una excesiva complacencia que solo se explica si se comprende cómo es España en el imaginario anglosajón (y en el de otras culturas). El punto de partida es siempre el mismo: el prejuicio hacia lo español y la consideración de que todo lo que se oponga a lo que se considera "lo español" debe de tener algo bueno. Nada de esto se dice en el vídeo, pero se transmite. Está en lo mucho que se explica las causas que, a su juicio, hicieron aparecer a ETA y en lo poco que se explica en qué consistía ETA de verdad. La chapa es larga. El vídeo me ha parecido injusto y he querido dar mi opinión, nada más. Un saludo.

[@thecakeisalie6392]

@@virtualboy2430 No lo podría haber explicado mejor, el mundo entero le tiene un odio/repudio generalizado a lo español que no entiendo.

[@LuisAldamiz]

@@virtualboy2430 - Es que eso es lo que es: una especie de Frente Polisario pero más antiguo que el Frente Polisario. Ya vale con denigrar a los gudaris, así no habrá nunca paz!

[@arthas640]

i honestly have no idea how or why but i already knew about the ETA. I've never really studied Spain and know nothing almost about the Basque.

[@ecyol6647]

they appeared in narcos

[@arthas640]

@@ecyol6647 neat. I wish they'd cover more unknown terrorist/organized crime groups like the ETA in media rather then making every organized criminal gang an italian mafia, Mexican or columbian cartel, or maybe a russian mobster and every terrorist group is an Al-Qaeda knockoff or maybe from the IRA if we're lucky. People forget all the communist cells globally, the far right groups that terrorized the Balkans and italy, the ETA, and countless others. They forget about the Jewish, Scottish, and Irish mafias.

[@ecyol6647]

@@arthas640 I totally recommend you watching the spanish series "patria", i think you can find it in HBO and represents quite well how the basque society was in the 80s and 90s

[@arthas640]

@@ecyol6647 thanks, I'll check it out

[@asdfomfglol]

I havent' really studied about IReland and i know the IRA. What is your point?

[@WellOilBeefHooked]

Thank you

[@novustempestus3389]

"or so we hope" lmao

[@libertarianbellator7517]

Gora Euskal Herria askatuta!

[@micahistory]

I knew about this group but never knew their name or history

[@gavini1738]

Pretty good video, gotta say

[@derekmacliam9974]

Lots of parallels to the IRA. If I'm not mistaken they did share weapons

[@EcclesiastesLiker-py5ts]

The IRA were much less Marxist.

[@gamermosley7803]

And the IRA had a true reason to fight for. Ireland literally starving to death. ETA... They were assassins

[@xrstufty8651]

@@gamermosley7803 Ireland was not starving to death in 1970 when the provisional IRA was formed, simply untrue, of course Irish people were still discriminated against in the north just as the basques were under Franco in their homeland. I am irish my father was a “Provo” as we call it, how can you say we have a claim to legitimacy but the basques do not? Do the basques not have a right to self determination? Are they not culturally different? Therefore do they not have the right to take up arms? Just as we did in Ireland

[@carterjones8126]

@@gamermosley7803 The IRA did not exist during the Potato Famines.

[@jaisbrennan7696]

@@gamermosley7803 ETA just want independence.

[@megyumiyoshi1062]

How could we forget ETA, the first group that tried to start a Spanish Space Program hahahahahahahhahahaha

[@Sean-sn9ld]

Do the Provisional IRA plz

[@abu_gaming163]

Is there a small portion of ETA still free and active or are they all either incarcerated or have they all stopped their operations?

[@LuisAldamiz]

There's absolutely zero armed activity in the Basque Country today other than that sanctioned by the Spanish state (police, military). ETA fully and inconditionally surrendered. There are former members and sympathizers who more or less disagree (especially disagree with not really fighting even via nonviolent means, about having abandoned all struggle or almost so) but right now and for the foreseeable future (and other than the occasional semi-spontaneous sabotage) all Vasconia is occupied and Asterix is nowhere to be seen.

[@eneko4098]

@@LuisAldamiz ETA did not surrender lol. it was dissolved by internal decision, not due to spain or international acts

[@LuisAldamiz]

@@eneko4098 Without achieving anything, not even the liberation of prisoners. It was a total surrender.

[@eneko4098]

@@LuisAldamiz it was not a surrender. It was a dissolution.

[@LuisAldamiz]

@@eneko4098 - Same thing. ETA ended without achieving any of its goals and de facto accepting therefore the Spanish occupation of Vasconia, their laws, their prisons, their tribunals, etc. And did so on its own decision. I call it a surrender and I don't think it can be called otherwise. By contrast the IRA achieved a peace treaty which granted them some of their demands.

[@thealaskanseparatist6786]

Ah Yes always wanted to learn more about ETA!

[@historywithhilbert146]

Glad I could help out :)

[@thealaskanseparatist6786]

@@historywithhilbert146 Hilbert do you know of any good books on ETA?

[@landerviguera9575]

@@thealaskanseparatist6786 You can Read "Patria" of Fernando Aramburu... They rencetly did a serie bases in the Book. You got also some good books about the origins of the band.... Books about the víctims caused by the band.... Books about the dirty fight of the spanish goverment doing state terrorism with the GAL band.... Books about the tortures makes by the police and Guardia civil....

[@aitorherrera5937]

Welcome to the Guardia Civil watchlist

[@GlennWolfschoon]

@@thealaskanseparatist6786 The Ghosts of Spain has a chapter on ETA.

[@DrJRL]

Well, I watched the video rather than commenting 😋

[@historywithhilbert146]

One of the blessed few ;)

[@DrJRL]

@@historywithhilbert146 I did Erasmus in Spain and spent a year there so I'm finding the Spanish themed content very interesting. This was a very thorough overview of ETA in 10 minutes.

[@cb-hz6dm]

Oh boi, first vic 3 announced and now a new Hilbert video

[@alexbahillo4664]

You did not mention the hundreds of deaths caused by the terror group, and the Impuesto Revolucionario (Revolutary Tax, more or less) busness owners had to pay to ETA a certain amount or they were killed. This "Taxing" caused many many deaths, specially the Basque Country. Also the part on which they decided to rely on the youth to burn down public infrastructure and create unrest was called Kale Borroka (Street Fighting) and it was more akin to violent protest than part of the terrorist organisation, of course ETA had a major role in creating this street fighting but those who participated in it could not be considered terrorists. The rest of the video is short and informative, what can be expected of a 5 minute video.

[@overdose8329]

Why would you call the killing of Melitón Manzanas a murder if his killing was completely justified? Also you didn’t talk about the current state of the Basque culture and language within Spain and France.

[@ryanrg8511]

This is a video of eta, not of the basque country

[@overdose8329]

@@ryanrg8511They’re directly linked. ETA’s purpose is to preserve the Basque people’s culture and language. If the culture and language are preserved then they don’t have much of a leg to stand on for wanting independence.

[@lavienrosewon8811]

Nj stans or kpop stan should watching that

[@nittalard]

Mee💀😩

[@micahistory]

this was 6 minutes but it's fine

[@beelee2718]

Im Spanish but i never lived in Spain, I've only traveled there since i was an infant to meet my family but ive never heard of this group. After watching this i dont really understand, were they good people or bad?

[@louiskynd8612]

Good people fighting for their freedom against a facist government

[@FreaKCSGOHacker]

It's hard to associate a Basque Independence with anti-religion. To me, it's just bizarre

[@eukarya_]

Traditional Basque independence was very conservative and endorsed Catholicism. That branch has lost power, though.

[@jesusmena3505]

@Ir liz like the rest of Spain.

[@jonoc3729]

ETA was not anti-religious, it was non-religious (as it was marxist). And the main political force for the last 40 years in the basque country has been PNV (basque nationalist party), which is still a center-right, christian democratic party.

[@iberia169]

@Ir liz Yes, and its kind of ironic because in the flag a colour is a reference of God

[@thequantumcat184]

I know it has nothing to do with what you said but as a fun fact the word bizarre comes from the Basque word "bizarra" meaning beard and I think it's the only English word originating from Basque

[@colliwer]

In 1973 Luis Carrero Blanco became Spain's first astronaut with ETA's help

[@Amitdas-gk2it]

TY 😊

[@comradepolarbear6920]

Can you talk about black or mexican separatist within the U.S.

[@bnb6868]

One can not really put the Basques as a fully pro republican and socialist entity in the civil war and in the Spanish republic though. Basques were pretty much equally divided between separatists socialists and Republicans and catholics, loyalists and carlists. Many important nationalist thinkers of the time like Maeztu were basque. There is a funny anecdote of how the carlist troops in the basque area spoke basque in their transmissions and letters because the separatists and Republican supporters couldn't understand them. Another funny anecdote is that the father of Basque nationalism and separatism was from a staunchly carlist family his parents living in the French part due to having to leave Spain as his father supported the carlist troops with equipment and arms

[@deltabol9158]

What i dont get is why Spain dint just wipe the ETA out.

[@3haAD900]

Because they cant kill more than a million people?

[@deltabol9158]

@Ir liz sorry but i have no sympathy for terrorists that use violence on innocent people.

[@deltabol9158]

@@3haAD900 Oh i dint mean the basque people i meant the terrorist.

[@deltabol9158]

@Ir liz oh you know what i mean.

[@3haAD900]

@Ir liz He elaborated, he meant ETA not the Basques

[@SageManeja]

3:50 This is not entirely true. France still did not help much against ETA terrorist hiding in their territory until Berluscino was president in the 2000's. One of the french PMs (or ministers, cant remember) literally thought that Spain's transition to democracy was a façade, and that ETA were still "freedom fighters" similar to the ideolized resistance of France during WW2.

[@LuisAldamiz]

Berluscino? If you mean Berlusconi he was Prime Minister of Italy, not of France. It's true that France was neutral-ish re. ETA for a while, mostly because they used it as leverage to get other things, but soon it was cooperating 200% with Spain against ETA. I was barely 14 when the "boycott French products" was a strong campaign, i.e. it was around 1982, when Miterrand was president and nationalized the French banks, an I was all like: shouldn't we begin by boycotting the Spanish products?

[@thelucas1146]

I like hearing about these small western terrorist/freedom groups, can you make a video about FLQ which was a one of these groups in Quebec

[@NovaSoldier]

If i remember correctly carlist fought for franco and they were overwhelmingly basques

[@eukarya_]

Indeed, Basque Nationalism has been traditionally very far-right wing and conversarive. The leftist Basque movement is relatively new.

[@iberia169]

Yes, they wnated to have federal rights, in fact Vasque people were really patriot for Spain but eith teir region federal, but Franco didnt gave autonomy to them and suppressed them and eta originated.

[@tommygy8425]

Killing fascist? fighting for democracy? Fighting for national self determination? Thses guys don't really seem like terorrists, rather as a generous freedom fighter group.

[@SpanishEnthusiastt]

🗿🗿🗿

[@carlosignacio6735]

>Kills a lot of random people and rarely attack government buildings they claim to hate. >Democracy came and they were still trying to commit terrorist attacks Leftwingers haven't changed for the last 60 years. the only difference being, is that they have been bought by capitalists

[@TajiriOli]

4:32 wait...so they used Terrorist tacticts against terrorist, so the terrorists stop being terrorists?... That's wild! :D

[@rag0t2010]

Hi, please make a video of Adjectives in the English language that have weird etymological origins (like Cannibal, Alcoholic, etc)