Ash wood bench with fruit trees branches inlay

[@johnzeller1338]

My late grandfather was a Hungarian furniture maker just like you are and I still have some of his pieces in my home. I spent many hours watching him in his shop. That's one of the most beautiful pieces of craftsmanship if seen in a long time. Thank you so much for being back all those great memories.

[@homemadeinlviv8041]

Thank you too!

[@acraftman2823]

I have been building furniture for over 35 years I found this inspirational! Nice work .

[@barbchartierraudonis]

This is absolutely GORGEOUS!!!! I made a wreath with wooden "coins" from pine trees that were planted for our family. These particular "coins" came from the branches from my dad's tree, when some branches got damaged. Dad had passed and I made the wreath for mom. Now both my parents are gone, and I'd LOVE to make a bench like this with coins from my mom and dad's trees. Oh I just LOVE this!!!! And I applaud your craftsmanship and love of still making things from hand. Keep lovin' that fresh wood smell!!

[@thecollegechristian9940]

They way you typed this I can tell that you’re a wonderful person in real life. God bless yiu

[@beckykosher1128]

What a wonderful memorial to your parents ❤️ God bless you ✝️

[@BobStein]

Good name for them, "coins". Don't know why I love them but I do.

[@williamcashion5262]

Truly a beautiful piece of art. Congrats. Bill

[@crypton_8l87]

Your deep experience of the functions and limitations of each power tool is incredible!! What a fine piece of craftsmanship

[@angiereyna3526]

🙌

[@patwhitney1950]

Truly one of the most incredible pieces of furniture being made that I have seen. Lovingly designed and so practical, piece of art!

[@장현수-z8l]

search takwood thank you

[@ЛюбовьМысякина-э7ь]

Николай, Вы замечательный мастер. Вы возвели своё хобби в ранг искусства. Родители Вам даровали правильные руки из правильного места. А потом Ваш личный гений привёл Вас на вершину мастерства. Славному Львову, взростивших таких сыновей глубокий поклон!

[@homemadeinlviv8041]

Спасибо!

[@Archetype123]

Amazing. No super fancy tools. A miter saw, a belt sander, a trim router a drill and some chisels. This video really shows that wood working is for anyone and everyone. Absolutely stunning work.

[@homemadeinlviv8041]

Thank you!

[@ronlawrence5021]

You could spend a few years working with this master furniture maker, but you still wouldn't have his "artist's eye" - the ability to envision the aesthetically pleasing final product before you ever even plug your saw in. Absolutely beautiful.

[@flookie111]

Im not normally one to watch a 16 minute video without skipping through sections, but I felt compelled to watch every bit of this one. Well done to you sir, quality work.

[@galenhaugh3158]

@G Zeus You skip, you miss!

[@sweetchestnut]

It got really interesting about half way thru and from there l just had to watch the process and see how it turned out 🛠

[@qilichbekasadbek8539]

Гап йук зур омад уста сенга...👍👍👍🇺🇿🇺🇿🇺🇿1️⃣

[@Realzproductreviews]

It was interesting 😍

[@allenmoulton508]

Just curious were would one buy the small limbs from various fruit trees? Thanks

[@jedanna3187]

His is a very labor intensive piece of work. If I have another life, I want to be a carpenter with this guys equipment. Man is he GOOD!

[@yvonnepagan9912]

There aren’t words good enough to describe how utterly gorgeous this piece is. I adore it! I would never want to get up from the table if it were mine!

[@morgancalvi6675]

Yeah, this is a nice enough bench to be at a kitchen table.

[@gregoryhunter3524]

The craftsmanship is impeccable, and the video was surprisingly calming. Thank you!!!

[@tim7757]

Absolutely gorgeous. What a pleasure watching such a skilled & talented craftsman. Thank you for sharing.

[@shollgreen910]

Cantik banget . Senang aku melihat prosesnya.

[@bmogs1720]

Wow thank you for showing me this process. I understand the prices of them as well as the love and attension given to make such a beautiful piece of art like that.

[@edwilliams9914]

BLUE AND YELLOW! We're with you! And your friends are incredibly lucky to have such a great friend. BEAUTIFUL WORK!

[@homemadeinlviv8041]

Thank you for your support!

[@dylanholmes1985]

I love how methodical, patient, and professional you are, you truly deserve to call yourself a carpenter!

[@emmittcairo7619]

i know im asking randomly but does any of you know a way to get back into an instagram account..? I was stupid lost my account password. I would appreciate any tricks you can offer me

[@atlassutton3806]

@Emmitt Cairo instablaster :)

[@emmittcairo7619]

@Atlas Sutton i really appreciate your reply. I got to the site through google and Im in the hacking process atm. Seems to take a while so I will reply here later when my account password hopefully is recovered.

[@emmittcairo7619]

@Atlas Sutton it did the trick and I actually got access to my account again. I'm so happy:D Thanks so much, you really help me out!

[@atlassutton3806]

@Emmitt Cairo you are welcome =)

[@nZebco]

I hope you and your family are OK during this uncertain times! Keep up the great craftsmanship!

[@homemadeinlviv8041]

Thank you for your support. We are fine. We hope this madness will end soon and Ukraine will win this war!

[@Nene-km6lp]

Muito bonita 👀

[@ConstantineFtw]

@@homemadeinlviv8041 Yeah let's hope Ukraine will win this war and continue the ethnic cleansing carried out by neonazis since 2014 why not.

[@eveli5168]

@@homemadeinlviv8041 самому не смешно? Отыграли вы свои войны. Побомбили Донбасс 8 лет. Сейчас будете за все платить. Вот думаю, это какие опилки надо иметь в голове чтобы считать возможным выиграть у России? Ваша армия, потешное войско, уже разбита под Мариуполем. Вам, дуракам, как всегда врут. Нет больше никакой Украины и не будет. Будут Новороссия, Малороссия и т д. Вас, западную Украину, не знаю куда денут, полякам отдадут или поделят между Польшей, Румынией и Венгрией.

[@jondelarosa489]

@@homemadeinlviv8041 You already are winning. The World stands behind you. That's a very beautiful piece by the way. Standingby for more uploads.

[@mattthescreamer177]

I'm honestly more impressed with the base of the bench, that really well done. 👌

[@Ludifant]

When you put the oil on and the whole thing starts glowing. Must be one of the most satisfying moments in the whole process. Beautiful.

[@aikidoshi007]

Brilliant! I didn't you'd done much sanding but when the oil hit the top surface, man it blew me away! Truly masterful.

[@da1jo2le]

It’s so magical to see how you built this beautiful bench. Wishing you every happiness and success amid the madness castigating your admirable land

[@homemadeinlviv8041]

Thank you for your support!

[@МурленМурло-ь8ш]

Лавочка очень красивая.

[@typerexc]

You, sir, are a master. That is so beautiful. I cannot speak for your relatives, but the honor of such a gift would overwhelm me. I would treasure it forever.

[@garyhughes209]

It is so soothing to watch a true artist plying his trade. This man is one of those.

[@robing4566]

I don’t understand why some ppl don’t like this project...build one then complain about it..! This table is absolutely amazing and the skill is second to none.

[@ЛарисаКопылова-с1х]

Ну как же всё красиво, гармонично и продумано до мелочей! Влюбляешься в процесс творчества от первого кадра и до последнего! 💚🧡❤️ Да хранит Вас Бог! 🙏💖

[@homemadeinlviv8041]

Спасибо за добрые слова! :)

[@ДобрыйЧеловек-я9з]

@@homemadeinlviv8041Молодец!Золотые руки у тебя брат ☝

[@Mitsubishi_Grandis]

Я один подумал что это делали стол а аказывается лавочка.

[@autumnflower3287]

It is unbelievable the patience you have to do every little detail perfectly. This bench is so so beautiful and very creative. You have a real talent and are a true artist.

[@jennyperera7926]

This is fabulous what artistry and love It’s Gorgeous

[@shendaraalshedir1933]

What a nice comment!!👍🇨🇦☘️⚜️

[@AbcDe-nu2sx]

HIS HIGHNESS 🌹❤ R E S P E C T & L O V E 🌹❤ FOREVER THANKFUL🌹❤

[@AbcDe-nu2sx]

🌹🌹🌹🌹🌹

[@thampips2001]

@@shendaraalshedir1933 jsyanermelieamma. Kkkkkkkkkkpkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkpkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkpkkkkkkkk

[@docinparadise]

The most beautiful thing I have seen and made with limited tools too! No I must have one💕

[@NajSinghs...CreativeRecipes]

Agreed!!!

[@AfallinAngel]

I've been dealing with depression. I use to make a lot of stuff. But haven't in almost a year. But after watching this you gave me inspiration to get off my butt and try it. Thank you!! You got my sub!

[@songsalon7868]

Yaaaaz Gurl. Get up & BUILD. Use that Gurl Power.

[@DaniHMcV]

Way to go!! I suffer from depression as well so I know where you’re coming from. It’s so great you found the inspiration to make this bench, or any bench! Keep it up Sugar & Spice.....one day at a time. 👍🏼👍🏼

[@abunadia5506]

Good on you!Sugar & Spice! Wish you all the best. 👍🏾👍🏾🇦🇺

[@douglasmacomber6881]

I suffer from severe depression anxiety disorder panic attacks . I just reasonly got out of the hospital im3 dual diagnosed people like me. 18 years of sobriety . I got medicated with of course more pills. I never experienced any like this. I'm finally myself!!!!!! I'm back to some normalcy!! I always had drive. I got injured and over 3-4 years the slide into severe depression was awful? I hope you are better? And wish you well!!😷❤🙏

[@douglasmacomber6881]

@@DaniHMcV sounds like you have your depression under control? You hang in there yourself🙏❤

[@richardbrookman6415]

I’ve made a table or two in my time, but never anything as beautiful as this. It’s a work of art. Thank you for sharing it.

[@kdee8166]

To me that is absolute genius, a work of art. So clever.

[@phantomlimbmedia8393]

How proud you must’ve been to brand it “Home Made“. Your Incredible skill and sense of art and design brought tears to my eyes.

[@homemadeinlviv8041]

Thanks!

[@olib774]

That's pure art, absolutely gorgeous and original.. Good old fashioned craftsmanship. Thank you 😊

[@henrycruz45cal]

That's an incredible gift. I would be so proud to receive it.

[@BartesCooking]

👍

[@frangaud]

I am in awe of the beauty and craftsmanship. This is a gorgeous piece of art. I would love to have this skill.

[@МихайлоШевяк]

Споглядати цю роботу - одне велике задоволення!!! Це хоббі, яке перейшло в мистецтво! Дякую!!!

[@homemadeinlviv8041]

Дякую і Вам! Це моє заспокійливе заняття, особливо сьогодні!

[@karin6622]

I love how the colours of the various woods come to shine immediately when you start to put the varnish on. It is AMAZING!!! Would love to buy it for myself. 👏🌻

[@Realzproductreviews]

I liked the color too

[@8jragonmauriora884]

Both*

[@МихаилСенченок]

Высший, пилотаж. Люблю делать скамейки, очень табуреты, без гвоздиков, успокаивает. И дарить!!!!!это надо попробывать...... 👍😁😉

[@Ivan-b4i]

Подари мне трубку для табака! Слабо?

[@docmartin5375]

This guy's an artist. Watching how much work, equipment and expertise goes into this makes me appreciate the value of handmade furniture so much more.

[@lindahenry4130]

0

[@barryshea1657]

Beautiful bench. Beautiful home. Beautiful family. Beautiful father. I hope you are safe from the invasion. We in America, and most of the world, are with you and support you.

[@homemadeinlviv8041]

Thank you for your support!

[@idnnowhy2754]

This guy's got some mad skills that's not woodworking that's a beautiful piece of art

[@sarajazminezoe1769]

No everyone has these skills of Carpentry to create this beautiful bench. Great craftsmanship.

[@njcentral475]

Practice

[@mikemoore2791]

I sat and was mesmerised for every second. Wonderful work.

[@user-rm8rc1xi8g]

I didn't even blink once . . It took my breath away, absolutely spectacular ✨

[@darkulz1]

A true artisan who blended nature's beauty, used skill and creativity with technology (tools & materials) to make this beautiful bench. A masterful piece!

[@jenniferpolchies3834]

This is one of the most beautiful pieces of woodworking I have ever seen.

[@rickpope6986]

9io G Y Huhb. b huh guy gym

[@thereal.mohammad]

Agreed

[@muratdegirmen8552]

@@rickpope6986 hhhhrh

[@1929modelagirl]

Absolutely beautiful I am in the woodworking and cabinetry field, and this artistry and craftsmanship is rare. Furniture such as this is worth saving for as it will still be a piece of functional art generations from now. You do beautiful work sir.

[@79monroe79]

One of the most beautiful and artistic pieces I have ever seen. Truly inspiring.

[@tomgayle2849]

That is something i would proudly have in the house never mind out side.

[@jenclayton3892]

Agreed. 💯

[@herbiegreen4724]

Fab

[@garrett69]

Nice to see there are still people with the skill for proper mortise and tenon joints.

[@b.harris5000]

The creativity of humanity has no bounds, this work is Masterful, many years after it's creation people will marvel at it's beauty and design. bravo, to a master craftsman

[@pluto15new29]

Well God created you and the trillions of brain cells connections and thats why science are still fascinated by that subject matter alone..

[@babayaga-j3f]

@@pluto15new29 Prove it.

[@pluto15new29]

@@babayaga-j3f prove it how you might suggest? You prove to me that you have a brain or maybe a heart since you havent seen it by yourself right? Oh, there is no air bcoz you havent seen it by your naked eye?

[@kyledesjarlais]

The idea of incorporating the fruit tree's into the plank was ingenious!! You are amazingly talented!! Thanks for the great video.

[@Mister_Bucket]

I’ve seen a lot of woodworking videos and this kind of blew me away. I’m especially impressed with your practicality and efficiency in getting such a fantastic result. Great stuff man.

[@homemadeinlviv8041]

Thanks 👍

[@Realzproductreviews]

😍

[@Anne--Marie]

@@homemadeinlviv8041 Hoping that you and your family are doing well.

[@joshuaandree9007]

I love that you are taking woodworking in the z dimension… finding more ways to push the boundaries of the craft. That’s what makes someone good at woodworking.

[@ZhannaRybkinaKnit]

Золотые руки! Мастер с Большой буквы! Очень красиво👍 Если честно, думала это журнальный столик😊

[@maryjane9065]

Absolutely the most gorgeous bench I've ever seen! I love how it "floats" over the legs!

[@jackdotzman2908]

Beautiful idea, beautiful craftsmanship, beautiful video, beautiful table. Thank you for sharing your talent. Jack in Missouri, USA

[@hansdegroot8549]

I cannot express it better. I totally agree. Congratulations to the maker and to the persons forwhom this lovely be

[@GrahamDixonUK]

I couldn't agree more. Fascinating to watch too.

[@woodworkingbn8528]

Cool project, good idea 👍👍👍

[@Saif-fh3lj]

This table price?

[@gordonquigg9389]

That is such a nice looking piece of art. It is so attractive. The more I look at it the more it draws me in, like I want it in my living space all the time.

[@Mudracer41]

I've only been woodworking for about a year and I hope that one day I'll have the skill set to do something like this. That is the most incredible thing I've ever seen in woodworking. You're amazing.

[@gregvetter5070]

Keep it up, you'll get there. Pay close attention to his processes. Running the router backwards to avoid blow-out, making relief cuts on the bandsaw, not raising the chopsaw blade until it has stopped. These little things can only come with experience. A lot of times its learned by doing it the wrong way first. I've been a finish carpenter for 25 years now and have built many custom projects. This guy is very very good. Peace!

[@jaleynejud2364]

That is absolutely gorgeous! I wish that I had a relative/friend as talented and generous as you. I love home made gifts and this piece is breathtaking.

[@homemadeinlviv8041]

Thank you! I believe that handmade products are priceless because they contain a part of the author's soul! ;)

[@kaaderfitness409]

hello

[@homemadeinlviv8041]

@Леонид Харченко Здравствуйте, это Макита LS1018L

[@bethrammer9324]

Beautiful, I’m in awe of your talent, skill, and art!

[@nishithchristian5407]

Want to write so much how mesmerizing this table is but can’t find the words that will justify it. I am speechless. Absolutely in love with this elegant piece of furniture. Thank you.

[@homemadeinlviv8041]

Thanks!

[@ivonecoutinho3400]

Sinceramente, como alguém pode dar um dislike para um trabalho tão magnífico! Será que sabem fazer melhor? Duvido! Parabéns! Seu trabalho é belíssimo!

[@IFCIKT]

Estaba pensando lo mismo cuando he visto tu comemtario. Es increiblemente bellísimo verle como trabaja la madera y el banco es magnifico😍 no sé a quién no le puede gustar

[@VideOS.NatureZa]

É porque não sabem fazer...inveja

[@homemadeinlviv8041]

Thanks!

[@aidemartinez7045]

Los que dieron dislikes, son los envidiosos, la verdad, es que esto, está hermoso😌

[@cristiancalle8530]

Watched it with my 13 years old son, just to show him that anybody with imagination, tools and skills can do this beautiful art.

[@damiens.4764]

That is an awesome idea..I will copy it with my kids

[@474yx]

Don’t care

[@fedup3582]

@@474yx then dont comment.

[@likha360]

@@fedup3582 haha ✔️✔️✔️✔️

[@observersnt]

How can anyone not like this? It's brilliant, an outstanding demonstration of imagination, skill and patience, with a really beautiful result. Thanks for the video

[@fishindoc6025]

that's one of the coolest pieces I've ever seen

[@naturopath72]

Absolutely stunning, I want to get into wood working and I’ve already learned from this video. Thank you

[@jaytillman4978]

One of the most beautiful pieces of furniture I’ve ever seen.

[@aarondcmedia9585]

This was inspired. The embedded branch design is going in the vault, thanks for the video. The pattern reminds of the Mandelbrot set.

[@deselef5163]

A true work of art and master craftsmanship. For some reason I found this video calming.

[@og3637]

I'm late to the "WOW" factors. I'm very much enjoy what mother natures has to offer. Your talent in utilizing mother natures is Stunning. The things I build does not compare to yours. Thank you, please keep mother natures alive.

[@edwardlee6516]

no such thing as mother nature only father God Jesus Christ Holy spirit creator of heaven and and earth and man there is nothing that was not made from his hand give him the praise you could not make anything if it weren't for him who J E S U S GOD INCARNATE

[@razabaloch854]

@@edwardlee6516 üğ3033982

[@changeeyecolor3891]

👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍

[@badfishcafe9714]

@@edwardlee6516 really?

[@МейрамМакажанов-з7ф]

@@edwardlee6516 000

[@klaracserny3079]

This is absolutely GORGEOUS! Thank you so much for sharing. You are an amazingly talented, thoughtful and caring person. Lucky friends!

[@seanastman5513]

Just sat here and watched your skills , reminded me of when I was a child watching my late father , by trade a cabinet maker, in his garage building the kitchen cabinets from scratch , love your work ,great video.

[@homemadeinlviv8041]

I'm glad that my videos awaken in people their memories, good memories, it's priceless!

[@pauldavies3764]

The correct place to put wedges into tenons! Really good workmanship.

[@tlnn6598]

Truly a work of art. It was a pleasure watching this!

[@karenbanogon3244]

This would be a GREAT gift for weddings, retirements, house warming, showers, etc ! It would be nice to see this bench in parks, hotels, restaurants, museums, airports, even hospitals where people can just sit and relax eating a snack . I would take a selfie sitting on it that's for sure.

[@고까무댕댕]

6iù768

[@istawnaa8204]

@Karen Banogon.. Exactly right...!!!

[@everdrakonis9587]

Its so pretty that you would need to bolt it down or it will walk.

[@SDMPoahway]

This is the most beautiful bench I’ve ever seen. I wished I had your patience and skills.

[@carlosayala3770]

Anyone who can work with wood like that is filled with Godly love!👑 Thank you!

[@downstream5887]

I think its absolutely a wonderful build. I'd buy one!

[@КазбекШайтан]

Восхитительно ! Мастер с большой буквы ! Невероятный труд.

[@JG-gg9wk]

Stunning piece. Your ability your level of craftsmanship is impressive. Just beautiful.

[@homemadeinlviv8041]

Thank you! Cheers!

[@elioraimmanuel]

Mad skilz! A how long did this take and where can I obtain one of your pieces?

[@good_day81]

Смотрю и наслаждаюсь вашей работой. Наверное это у меня из детства осталось.. Папа был плотник, столяр и даже мебель сам делал из морёного дуба. Убегала на весь день к нему в мастерскую, играла со стружкой , отец делал из фанеры мне игрушки - тогда таких не было , это сейчас что угодно есть. Получается на всю жизнь осталась любовь к дереву и изделиям из него.. Навеяло😊😅 Вы мастер - золотые руки.

[@faustopg]

Stunning! A beautiful piece of art. Hats off to you my friend.

[@triplehornsheep2419]

Artistic aspect aside, the insane skills! Add in the creativity, and it's just astoundingly beautiful!

[@ВасильН-м3к]

Дякуємо за красоту, яку Ви створююти з світлою головою та золотими руками. Здоров'я Вам, та Вашій родині.

[@roberthamilton2334]

Just shows what a well trained set of talented hands can do. Credit to you, you achieved your goal in life!!

[@mzp6620]

That must be incredibly satisfying to make such a beautiful piece of furniture! ❣️😍

[@michaelasante6584]

In fact I want to learn from you Boss where can I locate you sir

[@ЕленаФролова-ъ8с]

Браво,мастер!!!!Нереальная красота!!

[@davidjoynson1774]

Absolutely lovely. Wish I had a fraction of your skill. Your friends must have been delighted with such a thoughtful gift.

[@StackerJames]

I’m not quite sure why this showed up on my recommended list. However, I just watched 16 minutes of the most amazing craftsmanship I’ve ever seen. What amazing talent!

[@homemadeinlviv8041]

Thank you!

[@elenikotsaki3020]

That's not just a table that's ART

[@songsalon7868]

THIS IS ART

[@ramkumarsharma1866]

Are you deidara

[@bobtompkins825]

That is one of the most beautiful benches I've ever seen! Great craftsmanship!

[@TheIrander]

Same here

[@ЕвгенийБулдаков-м3ц]

Очень

[@sandratacon9360]

frutas

[@DS-ps6il]

Absolutely

[@alejandromazzeo4652]

@@TheIrander 1mMz

[@rye7606]

This would be a beautiful coffee table. I can imagining an entire livingroom designed around this piece!

[@JayEss-p2b]

I love woodwork but am an absolute rookie. You've inspired me to do a table top with the same concept as your bench. So far it's looking good but we'll see how the finished product turns out. Nice work!

[@ChefCrys01]

I was literally looking for another video, stopped to watch this...and was transfixed! Beautiful work!

[@the_matchless]

Same here

[@suggie16]

Same!

[@adambowditch6134]

Those inlays actually look like they have been there all along. Love that look! Also love the way you floated the top on the dowels. Another matter class

[@homemadeinlviv8041]

Thank you!

[@hrk1958]

This is an absolutely beautiful piece of craftmanship.

[@taiseenkhankhanzade6055]

9

[@hrk1958]

@@taiseenkhankhanzade6055 , How are you doing? I'm so saddened by what is happening in your country. I hope you and your family are safe. ❤

[@Trident023]

I love to see these woodworking skills. Never had the patience to learn it properly, and whatever I “clumsy together” sure shows it. Amazing work.

[@calikurt9466]

Over 7,000 people gave this a thumbs down??? WTF? This is awesome craftsmanship!!

[@katievonolendorp5894]

They maybe expected an ego shooter video and not real work. 😆🤷🏽‍♀️ There are stupid people everywhere. This work is awesome and they surely did not see the vid.

[@calikurt9466]

@@katievonolendorp5894 Hi Katie, what is an ego shooter video? Some little game people play? 🤔

[@bmprosser74]

I am giving an honest woodworkers opinion on why I think there is negative feedback. The top is elevated above the base supported only by dowel pins. This makes for a very weak support system and can easily be broken. So all that hard work is done for nothing. Other than that it is a great piece of work.

[@imari2305]

A beautiful gift. I'm sure they will love it.

[@homemadeinlviv8041]

Thanks? I hope so! :) I'm happy to know that people read a video description! ;)

[@janapatterson1276]

This is the most beautiful bench I have ever seen! You are a true artist and craftsman. Amazing work!

[@homemadeinlviv8041]

Thanks!

[@MR-yc1sk]

This video makes me miss my dad. He passed away from cancer at 60. He loved to work with wood. This would have been a wonderful project for us to do together. Thank you for the wonderful video. I watched with joy and tears. I am now a subscriber.