10 AWFUL CHRISTMAS CREEPYPASTAS (Christmas Special)

[@cheeseboy1271]

"Rudolph snorted coke all the time, and became mentally insane." I just....this quote....

[@knightbugs]

30:30

[@oopsalltes2]

"And Rudolph...was a crack baby."

[@invaderbex6040]

I can't tell if I should be laughing, crying, or breaking my nook until it's no longer useable. (edit: Rudolph snorted coca cola?)

[@poopshitter6333]

oo OOOOOB oOOOooB choose one to show HOW FUXCKING WEIRD THAT IS fOr A qUoTe

[@yam4135]

Heh.

[@flipposlippo1510]

Can you even see Santa covered in blood if he’s already wearing red?

[@Dalek59862]

if it's on his beard or his clothes are ripped or on his face

[@cookieeaterkawaii153]

Well,sometimes blood can have a darker or brownwish shade but you never know

[@flipposlippo1510]

Cookie Eater Kawaii well it’s true

[@dragonempress8367]

The white beard and collar... And black boots... Oh and I saw dark blood

[@flipposlippo1510]

I didn’t think this comment would get a heart

[@just-a-silly-goofy-guy]

Well Santa does see you when you're sleeping

[@feralchangeling97]

The children kremit suicide out of fear.

[@thealientree3821]

And knows when you’re awake...

[@viper9171]

kremit the frog hello brother

[@tugmylantern4244]

Im gonna kermit suicide.

[@KoltiraMemeweaver]

Santa is a perv

[@Mathilde_Bruhn]

The way I interpret number 7 is that it's from the view of a very young child. His dad got dressed like santa, maybe stubbed his toe or something, hence the swearing, and left the present for his son, which is a toy gun

[@Puyopuyotsu]

This actually makes the story kind of decent

[@Gordonfreemanblckmesa]

@@Puyopuyotsu True

[@mattwalters6834]

Good thinking

[@m_dwg]

thats so wholesome

[@crowbro69]

He sees you when you’re sleeping He knows when you’re awake He knows where you live -And he’s coming to jingle your bells-

[@lionturbulence]

PancakeJuice lol

[@captainshyguy3175]

Oh God...it's A CATHOLIC PRIEST

[@cthulhumetalheart182]

Not if I eat him.

[@bedetaylor7154]

I probably laughed too hard at this

[@zsunner5287]

Ring-a-ding baby!

[@waffleauflauf4213]

This video was brought to you by Walmart.

[@dragonempress8367]

Lol

[@captainshyguy3175]

The evil cooperation

[@SamanthaPortUkulele]

Hoodo came from Walmart

[@peterpine5298]

Oh, I thought It was Target.

[@zeepgeek8409]

U mean *THICC STORE* aka Chili's. *U KNOW WHAT U COMMENT*

[@onlookerofthings6029]

7:57 Did you ever hear the tragedy of Darth Sue the Accountant? It's not a story the journalists would tell you

[@emeraldhillzone1992]

She joined the dark side.....

[@poweroffriendship2.0]

_Garbage Day!!!_ *~ Serial Killer (Silent Night, Deadly Night 2)*

[@manlymonman1269]

His name is Ricky Chapman I think

[@RecklessAband0n]

@@manlymonman1269 it is

[@hive2444]

Guy: NO!

[@chancecam9397]

Who knew friendship was doc brown

[@Elite459]

What NO 🔫

[@skeleytonz5319]

I putT IN THE NINTEMDO CartRIDGE AND THEN HIPER REALISTC SANTA *JUMPED OUT* AT ME And i cried because i sad that santa was hiperrealist.

[@chancecam9397]

Nintemdo: the future of gaming

[@dragonempress8367]

GREAT IT'S A RELIGION NOW! DO I NEED A HYPERREALIST BUDDHA OR A HYPERREALIST CROSS?!

[@knightbugs]

*chartrage

[@noone-hb6ju]

@@knightbugs youmissedthejoke

[@izaacreatherishere]

@@chancecam9397 32 Santas (2030)

[@callumsparrow4379]

Rudolf The Red-nosed Reindeer is such a stupid song, particularly the opening. The song implies that you’re perfectly familiar with the other, lesser-known reindeers, but somehow unaware of the most iconic one of them all. That’s the equivalent if I asked someone if they knew of Toby Fox and Phil Fish, but had no idea who the fuck Shigeru Miyamoto was.

[@starleaf-luna]

who the fuck is phil fish

[@callumsparrow4379]

@@starleaf-luna Phil Fish was the creator of the puzzle game FEZ, which was pretty popular during its prime. What makes the guy infamous today was not only his cancellation of FEZ II’s development, but also numerous vitriolic online spats beforehand and (to put in his own words) taking all the funds from FEZ II and running out of the project.

[@izaacreatherishere]

Exactly!

[@bobsarmy3146]

If Hoodlum hearts this comment, I will make the most awful creepypasta just for him. EDIT: Here's the creepypasta, Hoodlum! CREEPYPASTA: Domen Dog I opned the frigje. But suething wos wrung. There wos nu milk. My dog drank it oll. He is a domen dog.

[@natty3738]

@@greenmanjoe1 yep

[@dragonempress8367]

And then he had hyper realistic red eyes and I became skeleton and wrote this.

[@natty3738]

@@dragonempress8367 dang it I was going to type that

[@grahamoldfield2929]

And then the dog went to wallmart

[@loralynbarry8948]

1000x better than all of em

[@OptiJams]

I got a scary Christmas story for you one day there was a Hoodohoodlumsrevenge discord then they added a politics channel

[@HoodoHoodlumsRevenge]

Mr CynicalOptiMystical OHHHHH NOOOOO

[@giedriuslaurinavicius528]

Mr CynicalOptiMystical Oof

[@thatrandomguyonyoutube1239]

@@HoodoHoodlumsRevenge WWWWWAAAAAALLLLLLLMMMMMAAAAAARRRRRTTTTTT

[@birbohex]

Holy fuck this is real it really happened I was there holy heck.

[@shadowhiteesq]

What're you trying to do, ruin my brand? 😤

[@SympleD]

I love you hoodlum, your so great and make me laugh.

[@trashboy6658]

satan cauls

[@ribathefox3668]

I feel like I have depression. I feel sad a lot, but your videos tend to cheer me up when you review god awful creepypastas. Thank you, hope you reach a million.

[@jacoblenny9077]

It's obvious that you're lying dude everybody has to say "oh yeah I have depression but your videos make me happy" seriously why does everybody lie

[@ribathefox3668]

@@jacoblenny9077 not everyone lies, you shouldn't naturally assume. I'm really going through a lot of stuff. I know that they are some people who lie just to get attention, but I'm telling the full truth. I hate myself, which makes me depressed about my life. I'm not a liar.

[@jacoblenny9077]

@@ribathefox3668 yeah sure whatever you lying worm

[@SamanthaPortUkulele]

@@jacoblenny9077 you've clearly never had depression. I have clinical depression and I take medication for it, and sometimes certain youtubers do help me cope with the laughter they bring me. Come on, dude, don't be an asshole. You don't know what they're going through. OP, I hope you start feeling better. If you don't, it might be time to talk to your doctor and get help. Nothing to be ashamed of.

[@jamessturrs8550]

Just bringing it up dude, you'll have to change your name on your birthday.

[@thatrandomguyonyoutube1239]

Hoodlum hearts this comment. BASED ON A TRUE STORY. Ho ho holy s I mean syrup covered pancakes Hoodlum liked my comment.

[@trashboy6658]

wow it is true

[@Jackyvalley]

@@trashboy6658 I cant belive it either. 😰

[@MadAliceInWonderland]

Congrats on the sub milestone dude! Your channel is really underratedly well done. Can't wait to see more from you

[@captainshyguy3175]

"Santa Claws" Um...is he a 90s horror fan? Cause that's a legit horror lol. Oh and apparently, it's a kitten Christmas movie in 2014

[@matthewirving4877]

Dionysus Shy Guy remember that eddsworld video with Zanta Claws?

[@robdc248]

@@matthewirving4877 do you. Remember that old movie called Santa's slay

[@matthewirving4877]

RobloxGuestDc2 Superior dude that movie was terrible in the greatest way possible

[@robdc248]

@@matthewirving4877 ik

[@deactivatedperson3759]

@@robdc248 I wouldn't call it old

[@lukelcs8934]

I think #7 was meant to be a child's miss-interpretation of regular old Saint Nick. The child is really young and small, and don't realize that it's just a nice old dude giving them a toy gun. I think it was meant to be a little bit of a joke.

[@tomhollberg9851]

Item#: SCP-[REDACTED] "The awful creepypasta vault" Object Class: Euclid Special Containment procedures: Just destroy it's pointless having it burn the creepypastas inside it!

[@evaanstey2113]

Item#: SCP-[REDACTED] "The CreepyPasta Vault" Object Class: Thaumiel Description: Hell.

[@tomhollberg9851]

@@evaanstey2113 No it's not Thaumiel, Thaumiel is something useful for the foundation!

[@evaanstey2113]

@@tomhollberg9851 Thaumiel is an anomaly used to contain other anomalies.

[@tomhollberg9851]

@@evaanstey2113 But what about SCP-3000 It just makes Amnestics.

[@evaanstey2113]

@@tomhollberg9851 Amnestics are normally used on regular humans, not anomalies. Like when civilians are questioned about how they found (insert anomaly here), and there are administered amnestics.

[@ChillDragon]

Character: I heard a scream, it sounded like somebody was being murdered. Same Character: *it wAs PrOBably iN MY HeAD.*

[@5H4NKTH35HARK]

It's pretty funny when you actually have auditory illusions. You can easily tell if a voice/noise is real or an auditory illusion.

[@emeraldhillzone1992]

"I believed that I had heard a cry for help from outside, however I deduced I was experiencing an auditory hallucination. Because that's the only logical conclusion. Logically."

[@onlookerofthings6029]

This feels like Kirby creepypastas. It's near impossible to make something that cute into something to lose sleep over

[@SamanthaPortUkulele]

That dancing 3D Santa GIF you used in the interstitials was scarier than anything in any of these stories.

[@scr0ngle108]

Big Smoke would never do this I'm literally crying and shaking rn

[@emeraldhillzone1992]

He'll have two number nines...

[@davesgotacamera1126]

To be fair, the description of the Santa Claws monster sounded pretty darn scary.

[@deltathedummy2303]

If it was written well, it could've been good

[@OhHiiiMark]

The claw is as big as my computer

[@mxstxcwxsdxm]

I have an idea for an Xmas creepypasta: The narrator has a dysfunctional family and at Xmas, his grandmother tells the family a story about how she lost her family to a monster. Then, one by one, each cousin, aunt, uncle, grandparent, parent and sibling gets taken away by the same monster as the grandmother's parents. Then, the narrator is all alone, in the freezing cold. (Ps: yes this is the plot to the movie Krampus)

[@ChillDragon]

It's been so long since I've seen that movie.

[@thundershock6143]

I haven't seen it is it good?

[@joe-jo2vl]

@@thundershock6143 i have, it's pretty good. A bit boring at the start, but it really picks up

[@dominicd5239]

I’ve been watching your videos since I was like 8 or 9(yeah yeah I was young) I’m 14 now and still watching your videos. I love listening to you reading these stories. Happy holidays

[@dominicd5239]

I am now 19 and I can confirm I still love listening to these stories

[@tahkoygo4874]

@@dominicd5239 i started watching him when i was 13 and now i'm 23. Happy to know we're all still here!

[@emeraldhillzone1992]

I rewatch these so often. I started watching when I was 8!!

[@loonymurry]

Congrats on the 250,000 subs. We love u with all of our hearts!! Merry Christmas! ❤️❤️❤️

[@lauras.4695]

"He touches your head, as if to taste you with his arms" Um, w h a t ?

[@mehgreyson]

All of the people who wrote these were most likely just getting into that creepypasta stage that either stuck around or left once you got into something new, deliberately wrote these thinking they were good, and are now traumatized by their own actions when they were young as they reread their low budget creepypastas

[@theargonianmercenary184]

I’m surprised you didn’t put HE SEES YOU WHEN YOUR SLEEPING. I remember bad creepypasta reading it and it was amazing.

[@heidibarker9550]

"your mistletoe is no match for my tow-missile!" I've been watching the Futurama Christmas specials to get in the festive spirit.

[@whatburnsneverreturns]

hey dude i really love your channel your my hero thank you for that

[@fundamentalpain5565]

10:23 You hide beneath your blanket, shacking, arms spaghetti, knees weak, arms ar heavy.

[@luka_8]

The first story sounded more like a description of a Christmas-themed horror novel. I would actually be interested in reading a story with this theme...

[@kodamageneralismeinu7546]

I knew you would make a Christmas video today :) Keep up the good work!

[@slipknotsink]

How you make a Christmas creepypasta: Someting, someting , CHRISTMAS someting Santa was also there hyperealistic bloood te end

[@indigofloow]

Santas bringing Hyper-Realistic blood this year...

[@thellsec]

I cant belive ive been subscribed to this dude since his top 13 scariest creppypastas, thank you for blessing us with your channel :)

[@ashleykay590]

Oh my love the video 👌👌👌👌 also merry Christmas and np

[@general-vi9gs]

hey, i just wanted to say thank you for all of the amazing content you make. thanks to your content youve given me a big interest in storytelling and just writing in general and i just have to say thank you for everything you do. youve gotten me through some tough times before with the crappypasta videos and the top 10 videos. keep doing what youre doing, its really some of the best stuff i can find on this website for creepypastas.

[@thomasmcallister5328]

Love your vids, merry Christmas hoodledum you are to kind to us for your amazing videos so thank you.

[@MusicManiac63095]

9:56 I can't breathe after he said swears...just...it's too much genius editing

[@joaogustavo494]

So guys we did it. We reached a quarter of a million subscribers. 250,000 Subscribers and still growing, the fact that we reached this number in such a short amount of time is just fenomenal.

[@AshraWright]

Me and my dog, Pip, love to watch your videos together on the couch! A late merry Christmas, and a happy early New Year, from me and Pip. ❤❤

[@GTdba]

By the wae, here is something scarier: A Gingerbread man is Sitting on its Gingerbread Chair inside its Gingerbread House. It wonders: " Am I made of House or...is My whole house, the Chair, the walls Made of flesh?"It does not know, and it screams in confusion. ( It was Cyanide and Happiness but it's still better than these!)

[@idracorotic5140]

Congratulations, 253k Subscribers! I've always enjoyed you reading these awful creepypastas and the comments you make about the story.

[@Ami_E_Bowen]

The Santa monster one was tired of the endless cycle and wanted to end it all but couldn’t do it himself so left the kid the gun for when they next meet. In another story: “Bite marks inside the body.” INSIDE?!

[@maybunny25]

Merry Christmas! Story number 10 was my favorite because it did have potential. This really did cheer me up and I thank you for that.

[@TheMadFelcher]

so guys, we did it. we've reached a quarter of a million subscribers

[@maxwell71596]

27:28 Story: "And a xbox 360" Hoodlum: *shows picture of the original xbox* Story: Am I a joke to you?

[@davidmenk300]

So guys, we did it, Dennis reached a quarter of a million subscribers.

[@funfoxanimations3797]

Aww thanks you creep, Merry Christmas and happy holidays

[@xronium]

something tells me that we didn't always eat turkey. DUN DUN DUUUUUUUN [insert dramatic music]

[@emeraldhillzone1992]

It was actually just Hungry Man turkey dinner... the scariest part.. the amount of SODIUM IN HUNGRY MAN MEALS.

[@fatboysgarage7984]

Every time I open up Christmas presents I always expect at least one dead weasel. It just ain't Christmas without it.

[@theactualTVB]

The Snowman? I know, it’s a shitty horror film, but even that counts as a Winter-themed bad creepypasta.

[@Showtunediva]

Why is that a creepy pasta?

[@ryaquaza3offical]

For the extremely naughty children, it’s unspeakable, Santa sends his little helpers to drag the child into the room of nuaghty punishment”

[@adriansimpson652]

My Christmas creepypasta “My parents always told me that someone gives you gifts on Christmas. But did you know that he watches you all year. One night I was setting up cookies & milk as normal but this time i got up & found blood on my rug. Santa was following me all day on Christmas. I told Santa to “Fuck off” but he just held in laughter. I threatened to hit him & he just stormed off. 5 minutes later Santa came back with a fork My dad shot him because he was going to use the fork on me. I was horrified not because he was dead but because there was blood all over his clothes”

[@pundertalefan4391]

A masterpiece.

[@emeraldhillzone1992]

This is truly horrifying. Think of the laundry being ruined! RUINED!

[@Floral_Field]

"A very loud thumb passes with each passing step."

[@DeltaJim]

"When I opened the package the Spyro was all messed up." That's just how he looked in Skylanders.

[@jakelow2731]

Please never stop this format of videos, these memes matched with your own sense of humor are really something :3 I love it Also congrats on another amazing video my boi

[@BreadApologist]

"I was only 11 at the moment." So was his birthday the following minute? Or does the author change ages at random?

[@mattwalters6834]

Liono liony that’s what I was wondering

[@emeraldhillzone1992]

Wheel Of Birthdays! Round and round it goes. When will your birthday be? NOBODY KNOWS.

[@plasmaxander912]

honestly a creepypasta relating to christmas has a lot of potential given the truth behind the holiday is incredibly dark not to mention the capitalist nature of the holiday and the fact you are practically expected to be happy no matter what during the holidays and on top of all that the cold and bitterness of winter is a perfect setting for a horror story.

[@makitstop]

why cant anyone release a Christmas special on Christmas?

[@Grey_Warden_Invasion]

Because even video creators want to celebrate Christmas and not be like, "Sorry, family, you can wait. I still have a computer to boot up and a video to take care of." You also could have waited to watch that Christmas special until Christmas though.

[@makitstop]

@@Grey_Warden_Invasion yeah...i know...thats the joke... although to be fair they could just record it earlyer and upload it later when they have free time still though...the origonal post was kinda meant as a joke lol

[@madratter7031]

@@makitstop wow crazy concept to under stand huh 🤔

[@Angel-xp5et]

I've been here since ur top 30 scary creepypasta glad you have reached 250,000 subs.

[@jaxisntok2879]

I love you and your videos hoodo ❤ you should upload more

[@fishtaxes5057]

Nothing beats hot chocolate, blanket burritos, window couches, and listening to this guy for Christmas

[@buffor-664]

That's exactly what I was thinking Enzo And wouldn't Santa Claus, more like Satan Claws

[@stepha7102]

Merry Christmas man. You’re channel is great. I love it.

[@temporaryhalfdecentname8452]

10:00 I laughed so hard when I saw that bionicle game

[@gamingrequiem7912]

i have to say one thing why i love you're videos because you have 3 ads for a 30+min video unlike other youtubers that have 8 ads for a 10 min video

[@sxombie]

Anyone else hope that they don't get clothes this year again?

[@thomasmcallister5328]

You and me both

[@_Little-monster_]

Me

[@chancecam9397]

Litteraly everyone.

[@nimbus997]

I love getting clothes. Clothes are expensive, so getting them as gifts are a huge burden off my wallet. New coats and shirts are great!

[@Grey_Warden_Invasion]

As a child I hated getting clothes but since I have to pay for clothes myself I like to get them for Christmas. New clothes are freaking expensive.

[@jockeyfield1954]

Man, I can't remember the last time I watched your videos. The reason is I got bored of worst lost episode creepypastas so now you have this. I might be in to your videos again thanks to this!

[@pandosham]

Why bring Seaside Heights into this? Their rides are pretty average (and mostly in the ocean)

[@emeraldhillzone1992]

number 15; sunset heights [♪]

[@kellymurray8998]

Congratulations on the sub count! I love your creepy pasta videos, I often play them when I’m working on my iPad! Have a great Christmas~

[@rydinger7051]

In my humble and irrelevant opinion, I think the "True story behind Rudolph the red nosed reindeer" could make a great creepypasta if it was better thought out and not so... forced and haphazard. Besides, Rudolph is not a Russian name. That struck me sort of wrong. Cocaine addiction? No. How about Rudolph von "Rindear", an old alcoholic? I might be completely wrong on this matter by long-time alcohol consumption in excessive amounts causes your face to puff up and flare a more red colour, especially around the cheeks and nose. What if Rudolph was a severe alcoholic parent whose child makes up a story about the reindeer to paint their caretaker in a brighter light, saving Christmas instead of ruining it? I don't know, it's 4am. No proofreading this comment we die like men.

[@Totally._.not._.Cat._.official]

I know I'm a year late, but I think that'd actually be pretty interesting if done correctly. Also, it's 1:30 AM when I'm writing this.

[@wrenproductions5435]

Oml I love this! I can't take any of this seriously. Merry Christmas! Also what is that Santa Gif? It's terrifying.

[@fun4513]

0:52 _That's actually 5 presents smh you lied to me Hoodo how could you do this to me im unsubscribing :ccccc_

[@tarupp]

hey i was gonna say that lol

[@truerandomness]

Skylanders: Spyro's Adventure is a very personal game for me. I actually own a copy signed by Richard Horvitz, so #6 was a bit nostalgic for me to hear a story about it. Since I've played the game, I can confirm the following: -Eon, who is a disembodied floating head, has no hands and so cannot stab anyone. -Similarly, Chop Chop does not have a mouth (it's covered up by his helmet, which appears to be permanently sealed onto his head), and he doesn't need to eat because he's a skeleton. -Chop Chop does not come with the starter kit, so it's unlikely the writer owned his figure. -Skylanders was more commonly sold at Toys-R-Us than Walmart at the time of its release. Some flocked or special edition figures were made as Toys-R-Us exclusives later in the franchise. -The skull in the background of the Portal of Power screen could have been a genuine glitch in the game, since a symbol always shows up in the middle of the screen when you scan a Skylander on the Portal (which will be a skull if you picked an Undead Skylander). -The Wii has foam on the opening you put the game disks in. It chafes against any disk that's being inserted and would probably block the game from dramatically flying out of the console. It's a bit ironic that the story was #6 since I was six years old at the time I first played it. Thanks for the blast from the past.

[@loopyzach7537]

_"So guys. We did it. We reached a quarter of a million subscribers-"_

[@someguyonthenet8550]

Awww yea new video...Happy Christmas Dennis the Christmas Menace

[@fallingneptune3798]

Is it weird that the moment I saw the Santa claws creepypasta a gacha vid called santa Claws appeared in my recommendation 😐

[@mephilisthedarkelijahramat182]

Wow

[@magican123e2]

Thx 4 Christmas games or games in Christmas levels instad of creepy holiday photos it really sums up on how bad they are

[@gabrielleeeSK]

Oh my god you reached *a* *quarter* *of* *a* *milion* *subscribers*

[@HondaCivic0053]

Dixxie So guys, we did it, we reached a quarter of a million subscribers and still growing

[@athelynisalazydirtyhippie4495]

Merry Christmas. I love your channel. I've been watching your videos since 5th Grade and your channel is awesome.

[@shadowypieceofcrap3571]

I got a Nintendo and I saw HIPSTER SANTA JUNP IUTZ I KNOZ I WILL NEVR FORGeT IT! Speeling mistakes on purpose and that one too!

[@ratdistributor]

I was just watching your videos when the notification popped up. It's a Christmas miracle!

[@themanthemyththemeatbag6764]

Lol my name is sam. 27:10 HI EVERYBODY

[@creeksidestudiospodcastchannel]

Your channel is so underrated. It sucks you don't have more subs. You deserve atleast 1M

[@sharkinatank2420]

11:21 omg 21 pilgrims

[@Witch_Mandy]

Merry Christmas Hoodlum! I don't comment much but I do love your videos and hope you have a good Christmas and a happy New Year! Wishing you the best.

[@TrashMan-y2q]

Hearing you read every misspelled word made my day

[@jacjanzen3047]

You mentioned it always turns violent at some point at 2:17. By the end of Christmas each year for me, there’s always at least two family members dead. At least on my mom’s side. My dad is chill.

[@lealab5171]

yo the twenty one pilots thing was funny

[@echo9554]

||-//

[@SnowyyyyTV]

It made my day

[@KoltiraMemeweaver]

Thank you Hoodlum and merry Christmas too!

[@CFSF69]

*Strangulation Doll* You didn’t say “Ooh kinky”. I’m disappointed, 0/10 video.

[@soupp3300]

Yo dude congrats! I cant wait to see what else you have in store for us! Also this video was really funny xD :D

[@sagemorrison360]

The author of Santa Claws spelled "Claus" as "Clause," as in the film The Santa Clause, in which a clause is a stipulation in a contract.

[@BulgarianReaper]

Bro your videos are always worth the wait

[@AndrewTylar-c5j]

If it weren't for those meddling kids, that part got me. 😂 I love your channel not only for the great creepypastas but also for the not so great ones as well, but every writer will improve with time and I like how you always encourage each writer to keep writing, stay safe stay well stay awesome!

[@davidci]

So guys, he did it. He reached a quarter of a million subscribers. 250 thousand subs.