How a metal with a memory will shape our future on Mars

[@VergeScience]

What weird, futuristic material should we look into next?

[@jdhn]

Obamium prolly ngl

[@wowwchen5390]

Graphene

[@PTNLemay]

Starlite Just kidding, I mean if you think you can make an interesting video from it, go for it. But that stuff is a bit like a mythological material more than a real engineering thing.

[@Reesereesereesereese]

Im new here so hi im your new subscriber :)

[@VergeScience]

@@wowwchen5390 Hey Krystene! We have a video on graphene here: kzbin.info/www/bejne/f5bWeqaBgs91ars Thanks for watching! - Cory

[@debbiramsey4603]

Years ago Nitenol was classified. It had great memory but they didn't know what to do with it. Years later they realized they could pit it in heart defects if the place was going to have to move a lot, I have one in my heart. They squeeze it in and slide it in the heart. When I first got it I recall listening in my heart there. I heard my heart going. Ching ca Ching Ca Ching. On and on. Finally the heart will grow over it and it can't be heard anymore. The thing fixed the hole in my heart. I'm 69" .

[@allaroundgaming100]

Wow

[@kevinpeng8295]

Wow

[@papyrustheroyalguardsmen3446]

Nice Age

[@angeloflores2614]

Nice

[@vishalkanojiya3002]

@@papyrustheroyalguardsmen3446 That no royal guard

[@DavidDatura]

I first heard of nitinol decades ago! It then seemed to fade from the public eye and now it’s back.

[@elena6516]

Same. I was buying nitinol in 2000.

[@01DOGG01]

Same, in the 90s I saw a thing on TV about how they were using it in surgery. A ring would be heated to expand and would then clamp bones or something once it cooled.

[@ZainulAbidin1245]

It never faded. Orthodontists have been using it in fixed braces for years to straighten the teeth.

[@Draco246]

Jacque Fresco had also referenced this metal when talking about reusable material to reduce over consumption of material... decades ago

[@01DOGG01]

@@Draco246 Point being?

[@limbodog]

I didn't see it mentioned, but the name "Nitinol" is from "Nickel + Titanium + Naval Ordinance Lab" (I used to work for a company that used it to make cardiac stents)

[@quelorepario]

that makes sense, I was wondering how this was an alcohol.

[@jose408ca]

Which company? I still work designing stents

[@lightyearahead]

Also in manufacturing of flexible cystoscopes.

[@limbodog]

@@jose408ca Boston Scientific

[@chrisgenovese8188]

I currently work for a business that uses it in stents, and it's a pretty impressive material.

[@kelloggsresearchlabs-nitin7671]

@VergeScience It was a great honor working with you to produce this video and educate the public about nitinol. Nitinol truly is poised to initiate the next technology revolution and we're thrilled to join you in a part of it.

[@scientificshrey2089]

Respected Sir, I am a 10th grader from India I have some doubts as well as ideas about Nitinol mostly based on how it reacts with Electric Current How may i be able to contact you?

[@mingmingguo3991]

@@scientificshrey2089 Hi Shrey, many Nitinol parts are actuated by electricity. Feel free to visit our site kelloggsresearchlabs.com for more information.

[@scientificshrey2089]

@@mingmingguo3991 Thank you

[@Kaden970]

The first time I came across nitinol was actually in an escape room where we found a wire and learned that we needed to heat it up. When we applied the heat, the wire shifted itself into words which led us to our next clue. It was extremely clever! I'm glad that people smarter than me have found applications outside of entertainment!

[@happyguy2k]

What was the escape room called?

[@Kaden970]

@@happyguy2k it was a room at ‘Get out games’ in Provo Utah. I believe they have retired the room since however.

[@happyguy2k]

@@Kaden970 ah thanks

[@cushionofair]

how did you figure out to heat it ?

[@Kaden970]

@@cushionofair I’m trying to remember. I think earlier in the room we got a hairdryer and we just tried it on everything we found. It’s been a few years though so the details are fuzzy.

[@twistedhumor4172]

Nitinol is used everyday as arch wires in orthodontic braces and also in files for doing root canals

[@darwin5117]

Oh dang might have some in my mouth rn

[@SanaKhan-mf2ey]

May be you are dentist or dento technician ..

[@necrospencer658]

You're a dentist aren't ya

[@twistedhumor4172]

@@SanaKhan-mf2ey yes I'm a dentist. Been practicing in Atlanta for 25 years

[@sammitra]

Same.

[@RushGarcia]

Maybe we can't regenerate like in COD.... But maybe our cars can.

[@seanregehr4921]

This is no where close to regeneration and inanimate objects will never regenerate. Organic living beings > inanimate objects.

[@crypticgamma6308]

@@seanregehr4921 what about self healing materials

[@user-nw8jr1dk9p]

Not so long untill humans can regenerate Technology is advancing extremely fast it's just insane

[@thepizzaguy8477]

@@seanregehr4921 it's a joke

[@antonpapilio8626]

Hi Rush, been a big fan o your channel. Surprised you actually watch this kind o thing.

[@__hjg__2123]

Anyone else remember getting a tiny strip of Nitinol for free when you ordered it from a Popular Science article back in the late 70s?

[@pikachu-jf2oh]

Nope

[@ballsdeep-nu1xp]

no grandpa

[@fixzine]

@@ballsdeep-nu1xp lmaoo

[@melbournemeliodas215]

Bruh

[@jimboy449]

I wasnt born yet boomer

[@chrisgiddens787]

Imagine having a house made of this stuff destroyed by a hurricane then rebuilt after catching it on fire. 😂

[@testthisfordecficiencies]

Get this man a job at NASA quick

[@Idras74]

Harvard: Brother do you want a scholarship?

[@HuntsT]

Or a vehicle

[@viejaspeliculasfilipinas3621]

MIT: plz

[@davidbowl9650]

Yeah 🤣 friends ask you what you’re gonna do about your hurricane destroyed house so you just shrug and say. Maybe setting it on fire will work.

[@ozzyfromspace]

And to think, this is just a tiny taste of the cool technologies engineers collaborating on space missions get to work with.

[@joeltm8697]

I first found out about nickel titanium alloy when I was looking up what my brace’s arch wire is made of

[@matthieuahmed8318]

Haha.. me too!

[@FAWNZ1]

This reminds me of what has been described as recovered ufo material from the Roswell crash where there was a metal foil type material that you could crumple and fold up and it would return to its normal state.

[@toodaloo3]

That's where they originally got the idea.

[@astralblaster]

I just thought of that too! Did you see that video of it as well??

[@mparker23]

It’s alien tech.

[@curlyhairdudeify]

The name NiTi-NOL means Nickel-Titanium-Naval-Ordinance-Lab. My guess. They reversed engineered the material.

[@michaelherndon9573]

That's bc it is.

[@universalhologram7266]

Nitinol: literally reinventing the wheel

[@Daltr00]

The title made me though that the metal had a RAM memory by default. lol

[@illuminate4622]

@Noah P I think it can store more. Complex curves could encode more information. But it'd be read-only memory, not RAM. Actually it'd be like EEPROM.

[@beni2cc]

Atoms can technically store data

[@illuminate4622]

@@beni2cc Yes, a HDD made of graphene(carbon sheet) with gold, platinum, palladium and rhenium atoms for example, each encoding two bits(00,01,10,11). Many petabytes per square inch. Would be slow to read though, and almost impossible to write to.

[@UltimateEntity]

@Dacia Sandero guys oops

[@starmorpheus]

Random Access Memory Memory

[@thetruthexperiment]

It’s about time someone did something with this stuff. Heard of it since I was 7 years old and had trouble even looking it up till about 10 years ago and finally people are doing something.

[@prafullyt]

I would say this is what composes the Lamborghini Sian's rear engine flaps. Which automatically open up when engine warms up to a certain temperature without the help of any electricals! Although they haven't shared any details on its working.

[@dheerajmurthy393]

Not necessarily. There are several other materials that show this characteristic.

[@bunnyboyy1410]

Corvette has Nitinol to open an engine vent on the new model.

[@selenophile5256]

Or a heat sensor

[@MFrawley]

I worked with Dr. Santo Padula in the fall of 2015 as an intern at NASA Glenn in CLE; absolutely brilliant guy. I was so fortunate to have seen his research and the Nitinol rover wheel design.

[@almostcertainlynotapotato6528]

Really, really interesting! This is why I love Verge!

[@harshvardhanwagare5663]

Yeah

[@anthonymongillo5401]

This is a great explanation of the properties and applications of NiTi alloys! I’m an orthodontist and we use the shape memory properties of NiTi wires in EVERY SINGLE patient! The result is greater comfort and duration of activation (fewer appointments = fewer missed school or work hours). Thank you, science!

[@air8536]

I have gone from a video titled " how toddlers flex on other toddlers" from gus johnson to this. KZbin recommendations are absolutely impeccable at 1: 30 in the morning

[@damnumonkeyballs]

I started off at berd lol

[@_mossy_8520]

Tf

[@dontbememe7364]

That just proves that we click on almost everything, and just stick with the interesting or funny stuff

[@bendover-bz4bc]

Thanks for referring. Now I'm going to todler content from rocket science.

[@MessiAndA3]

@@damnumonkeyballs A fellow man of culture.

[@Adenyer94]

"we have the opportunity to step back and reassess entire systems"... In other words, reinvent the wheel!! Really missed an opportunity there 🤣

[@neeeeeck9005]

So why not make a wheel again, but this time with a new material instead of wood?

[@SahilP2648]

@@neeeeeck9005 wood??

[@rupsh4460]

@YourTypical_IoS_Gamer scissors

[@chuck-norris]

@@rupsh4460 rock.

[@BINIgnitOnTop]

@@chuck-norris shoot!

[@black168382]

This is literally insane your imagination with this type of metal could be possible 🤯

[@onemorelevelup]

My uncle had shown me spectacles made out of memory metal 22 years ago when he used his hands to completely crumple up the temples and bridge and then released them, so that they unfolded back into their original forms.

[@vipahman]

Fantastic. I'm guessing a subcutaneous Erectile Dysfunction prosthetic is already in the works. LOL

[@roryschmidt5776]

Uhhhh

[@waltzraghu686]

Uh, ok?

[@071189x]

That sounds like it is gonna hurt more than feel good more.

[@Dondingdingding]

What?!

[@fermentedfruit]

😂😂💀💀💀💀💀💀💀

[@SeifEddineB]

My father have been working on memory metals for over 20 years. Good morning verge

[@ThisGalaxyCat]

is incredible to see how our civilization got so advanced in a fairly short time

[@EchiBawn]

This is honestly pretty incredible and my mind is racing right now thinking of possible applications to replace current everyday products. This metal could perform movements that would otherwise need mechanical processes. A crane or lift would be an example. The advantage here is the metal does all the work; only a heating and cooling device would be needed instead of a motor.

[@VergeScience]

One big application that Othmane discussed is replacing hydraulics on heavy machinery. SMAs also react when running a current through them (any form of heat, really). - Cory

[@EchiBawn]

@@VergeScience Wow, I haven't even thought about that. In my mind, I was picturing an auxiliary heating system but I knew that would be pretty inefficient. An electrical current would allow for a more compact system that could be used in an insulated enclosure to not be disturbed from exterior temperature changes from say space or even underwater. Very Cool!

[@VergeScience]

@@EchiBawn Yup! Othmane is working on a shape memory alloy rock splitter that can be placed inside a drilled hole and “charged” to expand with great force. It will allow for demolition on Martian missions where it’s impossible to use chemicals or explosives.

[@leianandreilobres9034]

I feel very smart right now.

[@monhi64]

How would you use it in a crane? I’m assuming you mean bend the crane down and then heat it up to lift the load, but that’d be such a thick rod it’d require a lot of work to bend. Unfortunately there’s no such thing as free work, your just preloading the work in the material

[@ChaineYTXF]

This is simply superb EDIT: A link to academic papers is missing. Pity.

[@VergeScience]

Hey DeltaXY! A majority of our research came from the manual "Shape Memory Alloys: Modeling and Engineering Applications", published back in 2008. However, our primary sources in guiding us through the basics of Nitinol and SMAs in general were Othmane and Santo. We used a variety of other studies and sources to fact check before publishing, but typically don't list fact-checking sources/studies unless we reference them directly. Thanks for watching! - Cory

[@ChaineYTXF]

@@VergeScience Thank you very much. Again this diminishes in no way the superb quality of your presentation. I'm always glad that I subscribed when I watch such great content😊

[@devasheeshdubey9756]

I am a Materials Science graduate, and I approve this video!

[@manunknown6641]

Hey buddy, there's this thing called a like button. Heck, there's even a dislike button in case you don't approve of the video!

[@carmensmithaguirre3049]

What is Materials Science? I'm studying hydrology and am also interested in technology.

[@scientificshrey2089]

If you know much about Nitinol I have some doubts and would like to talk to you

[@devasheeshdubey9756]

@@scientificshrey2089 sorry man, I have not studied Nitinol at a research level, it was just one of the topics in my UG curriculum. You can find help from professors at IIT-M, the research team there is one of the best in Metallurgy in India.

[@devasheeshdubey9756]

@@carmensmithaguirre3049 it's the study of materials like polymers, composites, nanomaterials etc, useful for technological applications, and the related science. Metals, technically materials, are generally studied under Metallurgy.

[@lawhook3411]

Yaoyorozu and Todoroki used something similar to this when they captured Eraser.

[@Yerjckk]

so basically reinventing the wheel

[@jeffw8218]

You mentioned the drawbacks: it’s expensive, and difficult to work with. That’s why it’s (basically) only used in expensive applications, like medical devices.

[@buccob]

Watching this from my Surface Book with Nitinol wires to clip attach and detach the display.... Awesome technology

[@patricksanders858]

I was reading a spy novel 20 years ago and the hero used a strand of thread in his clothing to make a weapon using heat from a match. 20 years ago!

[@SilvaDreams]

It's been around for more than 20 years, I remember hearing about it in the early 90's then it just kind of disappeared from the public eye.

[@HarnaiDigital]

On KZbin. Thumbnail and Title always Matters. Keep up this Fascinating Work. Respect the Hardwork.

[@louloop9137]

*T-1000* *ORIGIN* *STORY* 👍🤖👌

[@fxsti]

Maybe nitinol resulted from materials found following the Roswell crash, or was used in the vehicle that crashed?

[@padisalashanthan98]

Glad that I worked on this material during my undergrad! :)

[@dafe1115]

Been watching your videos for years now and always enjoy them

[@M1dKnight1am]

Me: Oh so thats what magicians use to bend a spoon.

[@FlyR7]

Exactly xD

[@paulesterline5714]

I am a magician, I saw a special spoon 1 time made of this. It was super expensive and didn't look much like a real spoon. So you are only partially correct. Most of us thst do that do NOT use a spoon made from this stuff. In fact bring me a spoon from your drawer and I can bend it useing the power of thought only!

[@M1dKnight1am]

@@paulesterline5714 so theoretically you can bend spoon online?

[@whatman6199]

A science teacher once showed my class a small amount of this metal, she talked of how it was gonna be the next big thing and they would make self repairing car body parts from it but then i never heard of it again until now That was about 20 years ago

[@hemanthsai4584]

that feels like magic😂

[@illuminate4622]

Science is like magic, but real. And more interesting and controllable too.

[@Holyheadarethebest]

That last clip put the cherry on top, fantastic.

[@dasg5805]

I can see this being useful for secondary ship-hull layering to auto-heal punctures.

[@adriannicoli464]

Please put the songs in the description! And thanks for great content!

[@TradingQuotes]

Wow interesting alloy. Never heard it before.

[@centpushups]

You run high voltage through it and it will also bend too. I used it to make a steerable catheter for getting it to tight spots for brain aneurysms.

[@Yathuprem]

I think this is the same material used in Lamborghini Sián FKP37 for its auto opening engine bay door, that work on its own without any computer help. They say it open when the engine bay temp reaches a threshold.

[@stylore]

What is more exciting, is the fact that once Quantum Computers can crunch extremely complex problems, maybe it can tell us what metals and alloys to mix to create super substances and methods that we have not thought of for creating these new designs. The future is gonna be insane.

[@NEMISES1701]

Is made out of the memory metal found in the Roswell crash?

[@DirtyLaundryTrueCrime]

I was wondering if anyone else remembered the strange metal that was found. 👍

[@matthewchetcuti3278]

They reverently released a freedom of information act because an author asked specifically about this metal and not the crash, and they admitted to retrieving it. They released this of January this year

[@default2826]

@@matthewchetcuti3278 Link please??? That seems crazy important.

[@marknorville4192]

At least someone else is saying the same thing in the comments. Sadly most of these idiots think that this new tech. However, this adds flames to the fire of if we are alone.

[@angelgomez13777]

Most likely it is check when it was first "discovered" it's a little after Roswell

[@jonathangarzon2798]

Verge. Bringing decades old news with bias to the table and passing it off as never heard before

[@andresurena_]

Love Verge Science! Anyone wondering about the lighter used? Seem kinda cool

[@VergeScience]

Hey there, it's called the Scorch Torch Orion -- it's a butane lighter, so it burns way hotter than needed for the purposes of this video, but does the trick. I wanted something with a bluer flame and found this at the store down the street. Thanks for watching! - Cory

[@BHFJohnny]

Where do you get that high temperature to heat the wheels on Mars?

[@cushionofair]

I believe the alloy is more elastic and wear resistant on its own aside from the memory effect.

[@FinancialShinanigan]

The future/present is wild

[@cgarciahfcu]

Correction: the past is wild. This was discovered in 1959.

[@BeyondDentistry]

Great video!! NiTi was a huge game changer in orthodontics. Shape memory and consistent light forces means fewer wire changes and light forces over stainless steel. Even cooler, the transition temperature of the wires can be designed so they are super flexible at room temperature and “remember” their shape at mouth temperature.

[@jproy141]

Everyone in nostalgia with Nitinol but I never knew this till I saw this video . It's an awesome alloy .

[@iainsmith2026]

That’s so amazing! The last shot looks kind of like a super simplified pulling system

[@lllULTIMATEMASTERlll]

At 2:08, that really blew my mind for some reason.

[@kylerharris4246]

Yeah I don’t know why but that’s so cool

[@antaeres4696]

Question - isn't titanium very difficult and expensive to procure? The ratios of the metals generally hover around half and half, so using nitinol on the scale of something like replacing the whole tire industry seems like it would demand an unsustainable degree of resource extraction.

[@ssunnyrullzz]

It might sound like conspiracy theory, but didn,t rosswell 1957 ufo has allegedly same metal properties? Spooky

[@ssunnyrullzz]

@Squad 47 that was sarcasm brother.

[@AZTechLabs]

I have a wrench that has similar properties. It's supposedly from the Navy. Its hard but turns floppy after applying over 200lbs of force. Snaps back violently.

[@lukatomic8778]

Blacksmith: forges it It: returns to previous state Blacksmith: 👁️👄👁️

[@feritperliare2890]

Sounds like a great prank to pull on a blacksmith to send them an ingot and a request

[@chrisgenovese8188]

As a blacksmith, this was my first thought! This alloy is really unlike any other kind. I actually work with nitinol in my day job, and would love to forge with it.

[@angusorvid8840]

This is what they found in Roswell, among other things. That was a much more advanced version of Nitinol, which they still haven't back engineered.

[@gridus5380]

Exactly!

[@TweakTechNow]

Reminds me of the metal found in the Roswell UFO crash. supposedly. The crash happened in July 7, 1947, two years before it was used by Dr. William j. Buehler in his rockets.

[@thecompanioncube4211]

I saw videos about this on Discovery channel about 20 years ago.... Glad to to see it again

[@choppaa4204]

But can we harness the energy from volcanos and geothermal pools? That's honestly where my brain went, not space...

[@ekim.]

don't we already do that?

[@choppaa4204]

@@ekim. that's basically a steam powered turbine. Not very efficient compared to what this metal can do

[@masteryoda2207]

Thanks for improving my knowledge..this NITINOL metal is crazy good

[@gfhtyty]

when Elon musk starts using this metal We know that are journey on Mars will be closer than we expected

[@magatsukamisan3444]

*alloy

[@StellarStoic]

I know some paragliders use Nitinol wires at the front where the cells are. This way the paraglider is a little less prone to collapses in rough air. If this is the future, I think Titanium and Nickel are a good investment opportunities 🤔

[@matthieuahmed8318]

I use nitinol, on my braces.. LOL

[@nolansmith7923]

Some videos I wish I could send more then one like, this is definitely one of them.

[@AdityaShawclassDroll]

All males have an organ like Nitinol when it's hot it expands and when cold it retracts to its original form..☺️

[@fbi3233]

**writes notes**

[@Samantha-jv6xu]

You mean the ball sac?

[@rupsh4460]

Good...now you just have to find a way to make tires from it for mars

[@johnrigali556]

Great video

[@sethlawson8544]

I'm a time traveler, coming from a month ago. I wanted to let you guys in the future know that the Perseverance rover doesn't use those wheels and they went with normal wheels. Sorry.

[@user-nf5ye4vn7z]

Love the variety of topics you guys cover.

[@FilmyReact]

Omg 😧

[@steezykane4738]

Wow. A verified user with only 2 likes and no replies... wow

[@muhammadfarhanhilmi5811]

Fun fact: if you reverse "Nitinol" would've be phrase "Lonitin", or I'd like to say "Loni Tin"

[@arsdwalos6840]

*Boys during puberty*

[@juneru2]

3:56 i didn't expect NASA to be the type to use comic sans lol.

[@tintchiu7567]

Insert my hero reference

[@saqibzaman1476]

Amazing especially the practicality of tires

[@josegalan9082]

The material is similar to that found in the roswell crash back in 1947

[@clockworkcrew8012]

Couldn't have said that last part better myself. Can't wait for this future!

[@jibby4793]

I use to work with this material in medical manufacturing. It's neat stuff

[@viktorberg7424]

This needs a lot more of experimentation.

[@christmassnow3465]

It's worth elaborating about the Nitinol-based motors, and their efficiency compared to heat engines or internal-combustion engines using the same fuel. Looking forward to seeing a video on this.

[@BillyViBritannia]

One thing which was very ambiguous is if this thing can alternate between two different states continuously when heated/cooled or if it just resets a configuration after the threshold temperature is reached and then remains that way until reconfigured. I thought its the latter but then he said this 1:38

[@neths.7096]

eye opening channel, truly remarkable.

[@davonguy7214]

You can make an efficient motor using the nitinol memory wire to run off the weather tempture. One of the things reverse engineered that wasnt to complex in the ufo crashes 1949 1950

[@fizan6129]

I wish I could find this video before I did my project 2 months ago.

[@n00dles79]

My question is : when using it on a rover for any of the mentioned functions, how is the metal heated to the specific temperature? And the heat has to be localized otherwise other nitinol pieces will be triggered ...

[@NeuraPod]

Great material covering such a cool material!

[@ryutak4152]

Just a question, could you put highly thermaly conductive wires inside the nitinol itself? If you could, wouldn't that mean you don't need lighter anymore? Just some electricity would do. Or you could even put some tubes inside and then flow it with hot or cold liquid to control the memory states.

[@louislarsen3811]

Best thing I’ve seen in a long time. Wow. Flipping amazing.

[@chrissck]

Nitinol springs would work so well

[@elianbrockington3956]

Nitenol is essentially the reverse entropy via thermodynamics changing the state of an action or object especially real life time travel ,just like the movie tenet

[@OMNI_INFINITY]

That was nicely said about design that isn’ based on past limitations

[@trobert132]

what the hell this is the best video I saw this year so far

[@RawanaDias]

Wow this is awesome man : )