How are the Gods' Names Pronounced in Latin & Ancient Greek?

[@polyMATHY_Luke]

Take my course LATIN UNCOVERED on StoryLearning, including my original Latin adventure novella "Vir Petasātus" : storylearning.com/LukeBlackFriday24 ⬅ 🦂 Support my work on Patreon: www.patreon.com/LukeRanieri 📚 Luke Ranieri Audiobooks: luke-ranieri.myshopify.com 🤠 Take my course LATIN UNCOVERED on StoryLearning, including my original Latin adventure novella "Vir Petasātus" learn.storylearning.com/lu-promo?affiliate_id=3932873 🦂 Sign up for my Latin Pronunciation & Conversation series on Patreon: www.patreon.com/posts/54058196 ☕ Support my work with PayPal: paypal.me/lukeranieri And if you like, do consider joining this channel: kzbin.info/door/Lbiwlm3poGNh5XSVlXBkGAjoin 🏛 Latin by the Ranieri-Dowling Method: luke-ranieri.myshopify.com/collections/frontpage/products/latin-by-the-ranieri-dowling-method-latin-summary-of-forms-of-nouns-verbs-adjectives-pronouns-audio-grammar-tables 🏺Ancient Greek by the Ranieri-Dowling Method: luke-ranieri.myshopify.com/collections/frontpage/products/ancient-greek-by-the-ranieri-dowling-method-latin-summary-of-forms-of-nouns-verbs-adjectives-pronouns-audio-grammar-tables 🏛 Ancient Greek in Action · Free Greek Lessons: kzbin.info/aero/PLU1WuLg45SixsonRdfNNv-CPNq8xUwgam 👨‍🏫 My Lingua Latina Per Se Illustrata playlist · Free Latin Lessons: kzbin.info/www/bejne/oGjLlWpvbq6tpLc 🦂 ScorpioMartianus (my channel for content in Latin, Ancient Greek, & Ancient Egyptian) kzbin.info 🎙 Hundreds of hours of Latin & Greek audio: lukeranieri.com/audio 🌍 polýMATHY website: lukeranieri.com/polymathy/ 🌅 polýMATHY on Instagram: instagram.com/lukeranieri/ 🦁 Legio XIII Latin Language Podcast: kzbin.info 👕 Merch: teespring.com/stores/scorpiomartianus 🦂 www.ScorpioMartianus.com 🦅 www.LukeRanieri.com 📖 My book Ranieri Reverse Recall on Amazon: amzn.to/2nVUfqd Intro and outro music: Overture of Die Zauberflöte (The Magic Flute) by Mozart #greekgods #latin #greek 00:00 Intro to the Gods 00:29 Jupiter - Zeus 01:52 Juno - Hera 03:13 Vesta - Hestia 03:56 Dionysus - Dionysus 06:55 Neptune - Poseidon 08:05 How to swear in Ancient Greek 09:08 Ceres- Demeter 10:12 Venus - Aphrodite 11:04 Minerva - Athena 12:08 Diana - Artemis 12:56 Apollo - Apollo 13:38 Mars- Ares 14:04 Vulcan - Hephaestus 15:13 Mercury - Hermes 16:11 Hades, Pluto, Dis 17:20 Cupid - Eros 18:15 Red-bellied woodpecket, deer, chickadee

[@VladTevez]

I believe there is a spelling error on the thumbnail

[@RazvanMihaeanu]

Hefaistos is the Dacian (today Romanian) god "Covaci"... pronounced "Kovatsch/Kovač" (see Slavs too). The Greeks couldn't pronounce the Geto-Dacian ”ce, ci, ge, gi, ș, ț” sounds, hence the very long name Hephaestus/Hefaistos with the help of intermediary "s" (this was common trait of Greek language regarding Thracian/Geto-Dacian names). It's the same god of metallurgy known as Kaveh (Iranian myths), or Gobannus/Gofannon (Celtic/Welsh myths). The PIE particle "Cov/Kob/Gob...etc" means "bent/curved/hollowed/carved" (it's a reference to "beaten/bent iron"). For example: the Romanian word for "horseshoe" is "potcoava" ("pot" comes "a bate" - "to beat" in English,, but also ”pas” as "step” in English.. and "coava" is the same as "scoaba" ("gib" in English)... meaning curved/beaten/bent/clamped/U-shaped piece of bronze/iron/metal). Similar with Slavic ”podkova/potkova”. ”Potcovar” literally means ”blacksmith/ horseshoe maker”. See Gabija "fire" in Lithuanian myths. *edit- ”Hef” from Hefaistos is the same as the English (Germanic) ”hoof”. From that same Cov/Kob/Gob/Kov/Hof variations... See also the Polish, Czech... and Romanian ”copita” .. literally means ”hoof”.

[@RazvanMihaeanu]

Densuși from Hațeg (city from Dacian/now-Romanian region) = Dionysus from Hades (his first father, lord of the underworld, which is the rich-in-metals Hațeg region of Romania)

[@Dracopol]

14:02 You spelled "bane" by mistake as "bane".

[@gabor6259]

Happy 40th birthday, Luke, that cake looks awesome.

[@infinitesimotel]

I thought Apollo meant "without chicken"...

[@yad-thaddag]

I think this is a very plausible explanation.

[@polyMATHY_Luke]

Haha

[@DakotaFord592]

Omg!! This man is beyond stunning!! I want to put my face next to the arch of his foot!!

[@pebblebrookbooks4852]

🤣

[@y4lnux]

Hahahaha pollo 🐓

[@juliosilva7361]

Astronaut, doctor, pizza deliver, plumber and now Latin teacher. This man is awesome!

[@ubhelbr]

you taught us how to say "on God" in Ancient Greek, now teach us how to say "no cap" in Latin

[@christopherbartley6400]

Null cap? Nullum caput?

[@TOBAPNW_]

The etymology is fuzzy with no cap. A translation of the meaning may be (excuse my poor grasp on Latin) Nōn mentior (I'm not lying) Or Nōn hyperbolē (I'm not exaggerating) A sillier translation based on the literal meaning of "no cap" is Nullus petasus/pīleus

[@DakotaFord592]

Omg!! This man is beyond stunning!! I want to put my face next to the arch of his foot!!

[@JCS1105]

Love that the thumbnail has Zeus from Age of Mythology old school PC game cover art

[@Banaziir]

Tiny correction: You said that Dionysos came to the Classical Greek Pantheon later, which is actually what historians and anthropologists USED to think until a few decades ago. Then we stumbled across "di-wo-nu-so" in Mycenean tablets, so now we know that Dionysus is actually potentially one of Greece's OLDEST gods actually. Perhaps even older than Hestia. He was sidelined hard by Hesiod and Homer though, which might indicate that he wasn't as important back in the day. The reason people thought this is because we don't really know what -(s)nusos means and can't assign it to a real greek word, so it must be a pre-Greek substrate, or maybe something from Thracian, Dacian or something Anatolian. There are some hints that it might mean something like "youth" or "son" or "boy" - so either "the Young Zeus" or "The son of Zeus". A second reason: He and his cult are all about crossing boundaries, whether it be the boundary between life and death (in the Zagreus-mysteries and the Anthesteria), city and wilderness, your own identity and another one (he's the god of masks and theatres), and especially of gender (he is a bottom, which is the worst thing a man could do in Ancient Greece and nonetheless seen as an authority; he is also portrayed as a cross-dressing boy that would empower cross-dressing women to overpower men - something really weird and paradoxical). Even his birth required Zeus, the great, masculine patriarch of the world, to basically sew the embryo into his thigh - the "allfather" had to go through a sort of "pregnancy" for Dionysos to be born. Also: His mother is mortal. That means he shouldn't even be a god! Half of those things - gender, emasculation, androgyny as a part of esotericism and mysticism - all belong to certain traits of other eastern cults that almost certainly influenced the Dionysian mysteries, such as the "Eunuch"-cults of Attis-Kybele or the cults of Osiris who also was probably fairly androgynous originally. So that is another reason for why people - including the Greeks - thought Dionysos was a foreign god that came from elsewhere (usually they named India as his home). His mythology also is always about something "intruding" and "immigrating"; even Dionysos himself is famously portrayed by the Homeric Hymns and Euripides (Bakkhai) as someone who has to fight for his acceptance as a deity, as he comes from elsewhere to Thebes, where his veneration is outlawed. So people used to think that this is another sign that the god originally came from outside. Nowadays though, we know that he is one of only three or four gods that we can with certainity say was already venerated in Mycenean times (which we know only about Zeus, Poseidon and "Enyalios" which is probably Ares). The fact that he is always portrayed as something foreign and strange is because, well, that's what he is the god of. He is the god of breaking the "natural" order or "social taboos". Dionysos represents repressed wants, desires, forces considered unnatural (necromancy) or socially unacceptable (barbarians like the Thracians, or scandalous female authority) but not necessarily malevolent, and, in small doses even beneficial for society (i.e. 'institutionalised lying' - aka. theatre or culturally acceptable excessiveness - aka. parties). Social rules that we kinda tend to take less serious when we're intoxicated. Stuff that has "no place" in the everyday life and in traditionalist rigid normative societies - hence the representation of all these things is portrayed as a cross-dressing foreigner that alienates male, traditionalist Theban elites like Euripides' Pentheus. Modern mythographers and anthropologists just took the mythology pretty literal and concluded that Dionysos was always portrayed as an intruding outsider because that might have been his actual history - as a foreign god that was accepted into the pantheon at a later date.

[@luizfellipe3291]

Do we have Mycanean references to Hestia?

[@abbasalchemist]

This is spot on.

[@Banaziir]

@@luizfellipe3291 Not to my knowledge but that doesn't have to mean much. Maybe we do. It doesn't matter though. The point is that Dionysos is old. Older than Hestia? Maybe. Maybe not. But both of them - including Dionysos, and that's the point - are DEFINITELY older than the idea of the "Twelve Olympians", which is post-homeric. So the fact that we have 13 members of the "Twelve Olympians" has nothing to do with who came first or later. As for Dionysos' "age" compared to other gods: AFAIK, a lot of female goddesses in Mycenean times are just called "Potnia" (="Lady"). So "Lady of Animals", "Lady of Athens", "Lady of War", etc., which makes it hard to be sure. Maybe somewhere there is some Hestia-inscription. "Di-wo-nu-so" definitely existed in Mycenean times, which we can't say for a lot of gods with certainty. We know for sure though that out of the twelve, at the very least Aphrodite can't have been known yet, because she is a Cypriot adaptation of Semitic Astarte, who is derived from Mesopotamian Ishtar, and thus definitely a late addition. And unless Apollon is identical with the otherwise mysterious "Drimios" of Mycenean times, he is probably also a fairly new deity that wasn't known by that name at least in Mycenean times. So even if Hestia were older, it wouldn't matter.

[@DesCoutinho]

Shri Aurobindo last century so not knew attributed Dionysus as the god of Nyssa in India a centre of Shiva worship. A gid of ecstacy not necessarily wine. Sivas followers are termed to this day bhakts and attract women and low castes non Brahmins who can go directly to God. One theory never seems to explain everything

[@Sergio-resqa]

Brilliant comment. One of the best I've read on KZbin. Do you write elsewhere?

[@lunatickgeo]

I was very happy that you included Hestia. As you said, in some accounts she gets replaced by Dionysus so I wasn't sure if she was going to be included.

[@karthikkamathp]

The Djū-pater has Indo European roots, as in Sanskrit, the translation would be Dyau-pitr (sky- father) Edit: I see you've covered it 😅

[@Symphing12]

The undeclined form would be Dyauṣpitṛ, so the nominative singular would be Dyauṣpitā. Even closer to Jūpiter and Zeus Pater.

[@LakeRunner-uf7gm]

В славянской мифологии есть Бог "Стрибог", о котором очень мало известно, и есть популярная теория что это Dyews Ph2ter, в котором ph2ter развилось в "стри"(например дядя по отцу это "Стрый" как в латинском Patruus, что даёт основания считать что исконное слово для названия отца(которое вытеснило слово "отец" родственное латинскому Atta) тоже содержало элемент "Стр"), а dyews в заменило, возможно, иранское по происхождению слово "Бог", а Dyews в славянских языках изменило значение, и, например, в русском дало слово "диво" - wonder, miracle

[@LakeRunner-uf7gm]

В славянской мифологии есть Бог "Стрибог", о котором очень мало известно, и есть популярная теория что это Dyews Ph2ter, в котором ph2ter развилось в "стри"(например дядя по отцу это "Стрый" как в латинском Patruus, что даёт основания считать что исконное слово для названия отца(которое вытеснило слово "отец" родственное латинскому Atta) тоже содержало элемент "Стр"), а dyews в заменило, возможно, иранское по происхождению слово "Бог", а Dyews в славянских языках изменило значение, и, например, в русском дало слово "диво" - wonder, miracle

[@sainiranjan5943]

Most other roots discussed here can be compared easily to their vedic counterparts as well in particular if we notice the tendency of vedic sanskrit to reduce PIE vowels to schwas eg Vesta compares to the root Ves (pronounced with a schwa in Sanskrit ) to reside , which as mentioned incidentally is cognate with Wesan in old Germanic which became the German sein, English was and so on. Nebula is cognate with Nebh in vedic Sanskrit with the same meaning cloud/ sky (schwa here) and the root dhe means to bear or the earth as in the word dhara cognate with Latin terra. Dhe is incidentally present in Dhegom Mater the PIE earth mother goddess and mate of the sky father. Ceres possibly has a cognate in Krs for agriculture and so on. Mens is another great example with menes in sanskrit meaning mind (both being schwas). The root word Plut means wealth and riches as well tying into Plouton

[@VladTevez]

In Linear B, Poseidon appears more frequently than Zeus, and had qualities similar of Hades, as Lord of the Underworld. It is likely that he was the chief pre-Greek Pelasgian deity that was incorporated in Greek cult

[@pawel198812]

I think it's more likely that a continental Indo-European diety merged with an existing Aegean divine figure. Poseidon is not only associated with the sea, but with water in general (ie lakes and rivers), as well as horses (cf the origins of Pegasus), and, as was mentioned in the video, earthquakes

[@marciocorrea8531]

Atlantean god. Antediluvian period.

[@yamiyomizuki]

I keep hearing people say that but none of them ever cite an actual source.

[@VladTevez]

@@yamiyomizuki Dietrich, Bernard Clive (2004). The Origins of Greek Religion, p. 180-85,

[@ronwilliams4184]

Much as I dislike youtube, suggesting your channel was one of it's successes. Brilliant expansion of my knowledge of words. Thanks.

[@polyMATHY_Luke]

Many thanks

[@mpmp9502]

So much information in a 20 minutes video! Very impressive!

[@krisrizakis9989]

Names/Pronunciations of ancient Roman and Greek cities would be interesting

[@megamanusa21]

Love this!! Mythology was always a fascination of mine as a kid. Definitely want to learn more.

[@shygeist]

For Jupiter, you forgot the alternate and arguably more commonly used name Jove, or Iovis in Latin.

[@danmaertens7872]

This has been awesome, thank you. More of this sort of material would be great

[@RaviBergenbier]

Thanks for this - love the channel !

[@katerbilla]

really, really interesting. thank you for this video. i hope there will be more.

[@NarizCara]

I know a lot of people already said the same, but the AI pics look really cheap and do a real disservice for such a high quality and well-researched channel. Since google images is full of the stuff, the easiest way to avoid using them by accident is to filter the results to be from before 2020 or so, as there are so many amazing illustrations of gods created by real artists out there.

[@KristinChoruby]

The downside of illustrations made by humans is that they're often copyrighted (and rightly so)--it can take quite a bit of time to find a suitable image with generous usage permissions that you don't have to pay for, making AI images much simpler to choose in comparison. Although it's worth noting that there's an easy way around that for this particular video--classic paintings of the Greco-Roman gods are old enough to be in the public domain!👍

[@cTc10691]

Not Juno the 'beloved sisterwife' 😂💀

[@polyMATHY_Luke]

Hahaha

[@Meevious]

What a useful spoken resource. I thought this might be your best video (if only it had singing), but 11:55 That'll do! Superb. I hope you'll make more lists like this some day - cities, heroes, philosophers, titans, mythological creatures - many of these things are very widely known, but only in translation.

[@polyMATHY_Luke]

Thanks! More to come

[@snowboy6890]

Yes, enim, recte. I would absolutely like to hear about (speaking of Vulcan) "The planets, space exploration, and all the fun etyomological and mythological connections there in".

[@MrRabiddogg]

A few years back, one of the etymology podcasts I listen to mentioned that in Magna Gracia they worshipped a version of Poseidon called Poseidon Neptune that the Romans eventually adopted and subsequently dropped the Poseidon and kept the Neptune (he used the Latin/Greek pronunciations, not my English spelling versions)

[@neilfraser2349]

Great vid. Very informative

[@jmchez]

I can't believe how mesmerized, this video had me.

[@househistorian]

Brilliant. I was always curious about how they were pronounced.

[@Giuvannuzzeddu]

Surprisingly entertaining, thank you

[@circlec]

This is the best thing I’ve ever watched. 🤩

[@grwilson3770]

I finally know how to say these names correctly in Greek and Latin, thank you so much for doing this video. I would happily watch you pronouncing the Greek and Latin heroes, heroines and monsters too. One goddess I have never worked out how to say correctly is Hecate/Hekate. In English most seem to say something like 'hekety', but I've also heard 'hekahtay'. I have to say the Greek pronunciations of Aphrodite sound much more euphonic than the typical English way.

[@RafaelEspadine]

Lovely video! Thank you for that. Also lovely bust of the Belvedere Apollo you show at the end.

[@luizalmeida5398]

I've read an article about a connection between Apollo and the Celtic god Belenos. φαλός means white, as bʰel means shiny. The autor attested that the first Apollo temple was built in Delphi as a gift from a Celtic chieftain. Now how the phonological changes happened from Belenos to Apollon is a hell of a problem. The best explanation is always "most likely it is a pre Greek inheritance", cause it ends there, no further questions

[@user-fv6kd3us9u]

Thank you for making this video! I would like to know more about the planets and their ties to mythology.

[@polyMATHY_Luke]

Thanks for letting me know! So it will be

[@jmchez]

@@polyMATHY_Luke As Ceres was discovered by a Sicilian, it's only right that it was named after Sicily's patron goddess.

[@StereoSpace]

As I understand it, D and TH often interchange as words are interpreted into different languages. A modern example is Netherlander and Nederlander. Others are W/V, and C/S/TS/SH.

[@vjpublisher]

Yehey thanks for doing this! Very informative.

[@22Tie22]

Some of those AI images are so tacky and bad 😂

[@zfranky]

great video! more of this! thank you!

[@MenelionFR]

Yes, Luke, please do more! I was shocked several years ago when I learned that Athená's name at least in modern Greek is stressed on the last syllable.

[@nicholasking4302]

In modern Greek Αθήνα is the city of Athens and Αθηνά is the goddess.

[@DakotaFord592]

Omg!! This man is beyond stunning!! I want to put my face next to the arch of his foot!!

[@AncientWildTV]

great video! it’s really impressive how you broke down the pronunciation. but honestly, i feel like some of these names are still open to interpretation. like, why do some people insist on certain pronunciations over others? maybe it’s more about personal preference than strict accuracy. just a thought!

[@aniksamiurrahman6365]

Thanks for this awesome video.

[@polyMATHY_Luke]

Thanks for the comment!

[@talideon]

In Irish mythology, you've Nechtan as the equivalent of Neptune, and the yes, they're etymologically related.

[@AnnaKateTheGreat91]

This is making me want to play Age of Mythology

[@cortlinux]

Me too

[@lalalandathotmail1811]

Prostagma 4 life

[@DakotaFord592]

Omg!! This man is beyond stunning!! I want to put my face next to the arch of his foot!!

[@jacobparry177]

A few Welsh cognates or equivalents of some of these names (will give a pronounciation guide at the end) : Duw (god) dydd (day) Iau - Jove (via Latin) Sews, Siws- Zeus The IE word that gave the Romans Vesta gave the Welsh the word Aros, which means 'to wait'. Neifion is the Welsh equivalent of Neptune. The two could be cognates, or Neifion could be a Welshification of Neptune. But Neifion looks like it could be the plural form of the word Nâf (Claf - injured person, Cleifion, plural). The meter/mater in Demeter is cognate with the Welsh word for Aunt, 'modryb'. The word which gave Latin Ceres gave Welsh the word Ceirch, oats. Gwener - Venus (note that Welsh retains the /w/ of Classical Latin V, and the name is derived from Veneris.) There's a Welsh word which comes from the same root as Latin Mēns, but I've forgotten what it is👀 Athens in Welsh is Athen. Apolon- Apollo Mawrth - Mars. Mercher - Mercury Welsh word for market (I.e. merchandise) - Marchnad Surprised how many names have ambiguous etymologies, so here are a few more Latin names that have Welsh versions: Iŵl /ju:l/ Julius Caesar or Cesar - Caesar Eudaf - Octavian Padarn - Paternus Tegid - Tacitus Aergol - Agricola Rhufain - Romanus Cystennin - Constantinus. Lladin - Latin Groeg - Greek (language), but there's also a poetic word for the Greek language- Omeraeg, I.e. Homeric Welsh has 7 vowel letters which represent, basically, 8 sounds: A E I O U W Y. The first 4 are pronounced exactly as in Latin, they have long and short versions (I represents /i/ and /j/). U /ɨ/ is sort of similar to the Y in the Latin pronounciation of Dionysus. W has the same pronounciation as the Classical Latin V, I.e. /u/ and /w/. Y can either be /ɨ/ or /ə/ Welsh consonants: B C Ch D Dd F Ff G Ng H J L Ll M N O P Ph R Rh S T Th B as in English Bat, never as in doubt or debt. C as In Cat, never science, cell. Ch as in Loch, or the Greek X, never as in church or mach. D as in do Dd as in the Th in This, Those F as in English Of (v) Ff as in English Off (F) G as in Good, guy, never as in General. Ng as in Sing H as in hot, never as in hour honest. J as in Jam or the g in general. L as in Label Ll as in Icelandic or the tl in Nahuatl. M as in My N as in No P as in Pet. Ph as in Physics R - rolled/trilled R, not as in the French, English, German or Spanish Rs. Rh - an aspirated R S as in Sit, never as in dogS, fuSion, shut. T as it Travel, never as in naTion Th as in Thin, thought

[@KorhalKk]

The *dju/dyeu is related to brilliance, its also the sky and dies because it means "to shine", thats why is related to day/daytime. The same root for Deva in Sanskrit.

[@jmetalgomez]

Yes! Please do a video on the etymology of the planets/other cosmological objects.

[@flipdos]

Intersting how "πόσις" and "posse" both share the same PIE root

[@allanrichardson1468]

Isaac Asimov wrote a non-fiction essay for Fantasy and Science Fiction magazine, later reprinted in some of his books of short essays, about the minor planet Ceres and the history of its discovery, followed by the discovery of the rest of the asteroids. Its title, using the English pronunciation, was of course “The World, Ceres.” He loved to make puns!

[@polyMATHY_Luke]

Nice!

[@eftychiakalochaireti4989]

Plz make more videos like this.. So nice...

[@stormssc]

I think a video about the Welsh mythological figures and their names would be nice. Those are wild.

[@Kosta198]

Nice video. Although i have to say, in modern day greek pronunciation zeus is not called "zefs" but "thias", written "Δίας"

[@polyMATHY_Luke]

That is indeed the name of Zeus in Modern Greek; but the Ancient Greek name Ζεύς may be pronounced in Modern Greek Pronunciation as well as Ancient Greek Pronunciation; I demonstrate both in this video.

[@mtclauraamaral2201]

Yes! Please talk further about the planets!

[@aidenchoi2000]

Pluto meaning wealth makes me wonder if theres any connection with Spanish word "plata" which also means silver/money

[@DemetriosKongas]

From the names of the goddesses, there are some interesting derivatives. You mentioned cereal, the equivalent in Greek is demetriaca. We can also mention venerial and aphrodisiac! And, of course, hermaphrodite, a compound of Hermes and Aphrodite, more poetic than the prosaic intersexual.

[@thezaftigwendy]

As an intersex person, I'd rather not use the "poetical". I'll stick to the prosaic word to describe my mixture of male and female characteristics. I don't want the fetishization.

[@DemetriosKongas]

@thezaftigwendy There are poetic and prosaic lives and people. I respect your choice.

[@lothariobazaroff3333]

If I'm hearing correctly, you're pronouncing Z in Zeus (1:09) as ZD. It's interesting, because in Polish we call him either Zeus or Dzeus.

[@williammkydde]

I also expected DZ, as the initial consonant, the dzeta.

[@simondeep]

It’s fascinating no?-he did a collab in this topic sometime back, and this exact point came up. It was legit to the period/region iirc

[@polyMATHY_Luke]

Here is a full explanation kzbin.info/www/bejne/nJq2eKt6i5h9f7Msi=cRlzHBfz3hLIHfv8

[@williammkydde]

@@polyMATHY_Luke Thank you. Watching now.

[@Xerxes2005]

Same in French.

[@electronlibre4163]

that's crasy man, thank you !!!

[@fcernig33]

I include Hades, Persephone AND Dionysus in my list. I know it's not correct but to me they're all deities who deserve respect. I'm a Catholic guy who LOVES history and this is just fun for me, Luke!

[@daniellogan-scott5968]

I know the Olympians were also done with the Metatron on his channel (great team-up), but I would like to see the dark pantheon, the Children of Nyx (is it Niks or Neeks?) so Nemesis, Eris, Hypnos, Thanatos, the Moirai, the Kyres, and all.

[@HandofOmega]

Awesome video, I've been wanting to hear these names in their original pronunciation for awhile now, thanks so much! I'd always wondered why Apollo and Dionysus had the same names in Greek and Latin, as though the Romans forgot to file off the serial numbers of their lifted Gods...😉 Maybe do another video on Greco-Roman heroes or monsters next?

[@aichujohnson8444]

Thank you so much! Do you have something similar for Biblical names? For instance, I has surprised to see that Noah was "Noe" in the Greek/Latin Bible. I am still not sure how it is declined. Would you happen to have any resources or references for these?

[@michaelptremoglie8654]

Great video

[@raychumon]

i was literally about to look up pronunciation guides for the gods so this comes at the perfect time. thank you!!! but if i may say so, please try to avoid using AI images in the future if you can. i would appreciate it as a longtime viewer of the channel and an artist myself. also, i would love a part 2 and/or that video on vulcan!

[@angelosmanganiotis4433]

Poseidon/Ποσειδών may be etymologically related to “posis/πόσις=drink/draught» for which we have related Greek words “Ποτήρι=drinking glass”, “Ποταμός=River” and “Ποτό=drink”. So it means “water god”.

[@Mistersteger]

Originally Venus's Greek equivalent was "Eos", so they had the same PIE root. Aphrodite later took Eos spot.

[@jeffrey2326]

Hmmm I thought Eos was equivalent to Aurora

[@Mistersteger]

@@jeffrey2326 They all come from the same PIE root "Ausos" which easily morphs into Eos, Easter, Venus, Austro, and Aurora.

[@ZarMakoupisGeORge]

Eos was the greek goddess of the dawn or the personification of light of the dawn. The Latin equivalent would be Luci (Luci'na). That's how we get the names Lucifer (bringer of the dawn/morning star) and Εωσφόρος (Eosphoros: bringer of Eos)

[@Mistersteger]

@@ZarMakoupisGeORge That's what Eos came to mean later. Greek history is very long my friend. You're talking about Eos's representation in the 5th century B.C. That's not what she originally represented, which is why we have these goddess Eos, Venos, and Austro from Greek, Latin, and German which share the same root goddess Ausos. Over the millennia as new goddess were added they took on more specific roles. Eos lost many of her associations when Aphrodite was introduced from the Phoenicians after the bronze age collapse. In Latinium, Ausos split into two goddess, Venus for beauty and Aurora for light.

[@nurnu349]

Great video! Thank you? What about Hekate? I never know how to pronounce it, in Spanish it sounds,"EHkahteh".

[@BrandonBoardman]

Hecate's name is pronounced "hekátē" in Classical Attic and Koiné Greek, and "ekáti" in modern Greek.

[@nurnu349]

@BrandonBoardman oh, thank you! ☺️🙏🏻 That was very kind of you!

[@chriswald7700]

Thanks. I was actually seeking for information about the correct and original pronunciation. Can you do one about Cleopatra? Or other mythological characters and gods? There are so many of them. What puzzles me is that I always thought the Roman equivalent to Dionysos would be Bacchus or Liber. Jupiters other name Jove is also mentioning.

[@kevinholeman8123]

“And….there you go”. 😆

[@Czakaronek]

+1 for the planets video

[@jmchez]

Many Years ago, when I first started teaching astronomy, an experienced professor needed to observe one lecture for evaluation. As it turned out, the lecture happened to be the moons of Jupiter. Instead of just teaching about the physical characteristics of the moons, I included a history of their names ( Discovered by Galileo but named by Johannes Kepler) and what the myths behind the names meant (Zeus was a seducer/rapist beyond belief. Lessons about abuse of power, hubris and all that). Turns out that the observing professor was Greek! He forgot about reviewing the astronomy and was delighted by the myth stories. He was so happy that there was someone else in the physics department that knew about that stuff.

[@Akkordeondirigent]

That's so great! I frequently talk about the lingustic connections of Zeus and Jupiter in several classes in middle- and highschool - and the students are always very much in awe about those facts. But one critique I have: It wasn't an Indo-European language, but an Indo-Germanic. It's just p.c. that it isn't called so anymore by some, scientific it would be correct.

[@GarfieldRex]

Yes please! A video of classical names and celestial bodies please. Per Deus Pater!

[@HadarRubin-e1w]

The Hebrew pronunciation of these names is so much more similar to the Greek than English is. Moreover, it's more similar to the *ancient* pronunciations. It's not *that* surprising, but when I'm too tired I do have to stop and think-remember the weird stufff English does. Really enjoyed this! Your pronunciation is beautiful. (Edit to fix a typo.)

[@HadarRubin-e1w]

With Hades you can see the pronunciation emphasis (of the Roman-times Greek). A letter is added between the H sound and the D sound, to elongate the H - think of it as Haa-des or HAdes. This is so much fun!

[@robertkovalcik7818]

I may be mistaken but I am pretty sure that the little statuette you were holding while talking about Eros is based on probably the most famous ancient statue of Apollo (Apollo Belvedere). I don't know where you've got it from but it seems a bit weird to me why someone would have combined it with the inscription omnia vincit amor, when they could have chosen from some of the many beautiful depictions of Eros himself. Eros Farnese or Eros type Centocelle come to mind.

[@daniellogan-scott5968]

As I understand it, based on the Linear B inscription, Athens was the name of the city and the goddess was "the Lady of Athens" which became later Athena. The etymology is believed to be pre-Greek and non-PIE, but the meaning is unknown. Her true name might have been something with the PIE Men prefix, like Minerva or her alias Mentor in The Odyssey. Or perhaps is was simply Sophia.

[@nezperce2767]

The city gad different name in the beginning

[@msinvincible2000]

Of course we want to hear more about the link between space and mythology

[@snitsny]

I once bumped into another Greek name (or maybe a nickname) for the goddes Aphrodite - Anadiomena (which means something like emerging out of water or out of sea-waves). Have you heard anything about it, by chance? Or could it be just an artistic fantasy of the writer in whose novel I found this?

[@patricktilton5377]

When I took a few years of Greek language study in college, back in the late 1980s, I was taught that the 7 vowels were pronounced 'ah' as in "Bah!" [Alpha], 'eh' as in 'let', 'met', etc. [Epsilon], 'ey' as in 'Hey' [Eta], 'ee' [Iota], 'o' as in 'pot', 'tomtom', etc., almost like the word 'awe' [Omicron = 'little o'], 'oo' as in 'fool' [Upsilon], and 'oh' as in 'go' [Omega = 'big o', i.e. long-O]. The diphthong Alpha+Iota ['ai'] sounded like the English 1st Person Pronoun 'I' = 'eye' = 'ah' + 'ee'. Epsilon+Iota sounds like the the 'ei' in Princess Leia's name. You seem to pronounce Eta like the English 'a' in 'cat', which sounds odd to my ears, these several decades later. Oh, I've no doubt that modern Greek-speaking peoples pronounce certain Greek alphabetic letters differently now than, say, they were pronounced back in Classical times, just as Jews pronounce the 2nd letter of their alphabet more like a 'V' than a 'B' nowadays, which can be confused with their 6th letter 'Vav' i.e. 'Waw', which should be pronounced like a 'W' (a bilabial) rather than a 'V' (a labiodental), but pronunciations will change over the course of millennia.

[@polyMATHY_Luke]

Right, so the pronunciation you were taught is a variant of Erasmian pronunciation very common in English speaking countries. It has nothing to do with the sound of the ancient language. To learn the ancient pronunciation, start here: kzbin.info/www/bejne/nZaQnqRsj9OWm7csi=tCAj0aehZ276Ehfz

[@TalmidAndy]

15:50 in modern Scots messages is used to refer to the things you go to the shop to buy. I cannot imagine a direct path from Greek to Scots, or possibly a Gaelic root, but the similarity stood out.

[@talideon]

The same usage is present in Irish English, as it happens.

[@UGTLDG]

Great topic! 15:00 Funny fact, the Greek word for volcano also derives from the Greek god of volcanoes, Hephaestus. It's called hephaesteio(n), literally meaning place (or forge) of Hephaestus! One of Alexander's generals was called Hephaestion (with an i instead of ei) meaning little (or younger) Hephaestus. Ancient Greeks never took names of gods, it was concidered a blesphemy. But they did take DERIVATIVES of god-names, like Athenagoras, Appolodorus, Demetrius, e.a.; that was ok!

[@NicolasMiari]

Third declension Latin nouns with nominatives ending in -o where -on would be expected (given the other cases' forms) seems to be a pervassive pattern that's independent from being a Greek import or not, right?

[@BrandonBoardman]

Yes.

[@EdgarCastillo-c6j]

13:44 thats why you looked familiar. I got recommended your Hellfire in Latin video and i was blown away at how good it sounded also because its my favorite song from the Hunchback of Notre Dame.

[@polyMATHY_Luke]

Thanks very much! Yes, that’s me. Welcome!

[@oatmilk9545]

yes, I want more on planets and space!

[@omograbi]

There is another name for Apollo which is inscribed in Ovid's Metamorphosis: "Phoebus" when he want to mention the God as the sun himself.

[@polyMATHY_Luke]

True!

[@PhantomAngelofMusic]

For curiousity's sake, let's say I'm a writer who has a character who would be *very* inclined to swear by the Underworld gods (Hades, Persephone, Hecate, and Thanatos specifically here, though anyone from the underworld would also be useful, too)... I'd very much love a video covering more pronunciations ^^ both, generally, and specific

[@polyMATHY_Luke]

I didn’t fully satisfy your question here, but you could use the accusative of the name: τὴν Ἑκάτην kzbin.info/www/bejne/hGO8qa2kfpx5Z7ssi=Qso2BKFEDhyP42zr

[@colin-alexarobinson3542]

is there any explanation for the irregular declension of Zeus in greek?

[@colin-alexarobinson3542]

Like obviously it is both old and commonly-used which are two common criteria for words with irregular forms, but is there any explanation explanation for why *these* forms specifically

[@Hooga89]

@@colin-alexarobinson3542 It's not as irregular when you understand that the PIE root starts with dy-, e.g from *dyews. A dy-root is obviously very closely related to the declensions of "Dios", "Dii", "Dia". It really only seems irregular because the pronounciation of the nominative form(Zeus) changed over time.

[@anxofernandez3344]

I think I read in some book or magazine about mythology that the name Dyonisus had a cognate in other Indo-European languages like Hittite and maybe Persian, I'm not sure. Could it have been a deity the Greeks perhaps imported? I remember reading about Dyonisus or a similarly deity being worshipped before the classical period, maybe in the bronze age already. I think I also heard some historians and linguists talking about it on a radio show. It's been years since then and I don't quite remember the details. I used to read a lot about different mythologies

[@GriffonSpade]

8:00 I didn't really need to know that the motion of the ocean was rocking the earth. 😂

[@polyMATHY_Luke]

Haha

[@wampirek8199]

You could’ve also mentioned that Zeus was pronounced d͡zěu̯s in some regions of Greece which also included Athens. And tbh i like d͡zěu̯s more than zděu̯s - it just feels more organic and closer to the proto-indoeuropean Dyevas (it’s incredible how old is his name) It also sounds nicely with the declination of his name

[@polyMATHY_Luke]

No, Athens is not included in that list; I explain here: kzbin.info/www/bejne/nJq2eKt6i5h9f7Msi=SbZVql29BuXh5kLG Attic-Ionic has /zd/, as does Doric; this change from Proto-Greek /dz/ occurred sometime after Proto-Greek in the parent of Attic and Ionic and Doric. Some dialect must have preserved it as /dz/ to have brought this to the Etruscans, but otherwise it is not clearly attested in the major dialects of Classical Greece. I understand the preference for aesthetics, and empathize. That’s one of the reasons I worked on the Lucian Pronunciation project. But aesthetics here will not guide the reality of Classical Attic pronunciation which is well understood and well attested. Having gotten used to /zd/, I like it a lot. Aesthetics is mostly a question of familiarity, I’ve found.

[@wampirek8199]

Thank you for your answer, well that’s what we were taught on the Classical Philology major of University of Warsaw, under Monika Mikuła author of handbooks “Ἕλληνές ἐσμεν πάντες” and “Ἑλληνιστὶ γινώσκεις”. It’s also in the “Greek Grammar” by Marian Auerbach and Marian Gollas. It’s the most common pronunciation in the Polish scientific literature. I’m not saying you’re wrong that’s just the way we’re taught. Pronunciation /zd/ was attributed to the Doric dialect Edit: Ok, i’ve started reading into it; turns out that there is a whole argument about it in the scientific community. Most English guides give pronunciation /zd/ as the correct one while in Poland most guides give /dz/ as the correct way. We just seem to stand in opposite schools of thought Edit: I even found a scholar that suggests that /dz/ and /zd/ is the same sound represented in the two different ways, similarly to Alexandria and Alexandrea situation

[@KorhalKk]

Cupere is probably related to Cuprum/Copper, and finally to Cyprus, the island of Venus, where the alchemists said copper could be found. Copper being the metal associated to Venus in Alchemy.

[@JRJohnson1701]

Would Jupiter be Tíw Fæder in Old English?

[@polyMATHY_Luke]

Absolutely

[@Axemantitan]

Did I miss it or did you cover the correct pronunciation of Uranus?

[@therealinformalmusic]

That “bain” (at 14:02) should be “bane; “bane” (from O.E. •bana•) is “ruin”, “enemy”, “destroyer” or “curse” but “bain” means “ready” or “willing” (from O.N. •beinn•) or even “bath” (from L. •baneum•).

[@polyMATHY_Luke]

Yup, a typo

[@gnoccialpesto]

Thanks, one shall henceforth refer to Belgium's most famous cyclist as "Edward Merchandise".

[@SuperOZ1978]

The word for volcano (hephaestion) is connected to Hephaestus, in Greek as well. Right? Also, I had the impression that the 13th out of the... 12 was Hephaestos (being thrown by Hera, breaking his leg etc).

[@AthanasiosJapan]

Yes, according to myth Hephaistos was a blacksmith. Even in modern Greek, the word for volcano is hephaisteio(n), meaning the (working) place of Hephaistos.

[@Yews]

Side note: these are the deities the two pantheons share; many uniquely Greek and Roman ones are also attested, some of which were arguably even more prominent at different points in history.

[@polyMATHY_Luke]

Absolutely true. I was concentrating on the Twelve Olympians.

[@tomasrazelo3271]

Hades’ name Pluto from the Greek wealth means spiritual wealth. When we read the original myth of Persephone, she was in the garden with the other goddesses and when she admired the flower of the gods her direction changed from being outward towards Olympus to inwards and towards self-awareness and the ego self and that’s when Hades cracked open the land and brought her down to the underworld. Believe that this is the exact same story as the garden of Eden as we moved from spiritual beings to physical beings with the eagle self. So he is believed to be the God of the physical realm which is earth and the other gods are the gods of the heavens. This is why they live on Mount Olympus. The story of Persephone is about reincarnation and the Eleusinian Mysteries use the type of hallucinogen to mimic that where someone would experience this and then be reborn again. We believe that this is true because the name Persephone also means the bringer of death and therefore this daughter of a goddess turned inward and had an experience as a physical being and also experienced the ego self and therefore made us mortal and mortals die.

[@ralfhtg1056]

Very interesting! Thx for this video. Zeus: in German we say "Tsois". I always thought, that Dionysos roman counterpart was Bacchus?

[@KyuubiCore]

I absolutely adore your videos and have been following you for a long time. An unfortunate thing I have noticed with a lot of educational videos is that they began to use a lot of AI generated images, and there were a lot of them in this video too. It would be great if you could avoid using them all together (for a lot of ethical reasons, but they're also just really ugly and distracting from the quality content you provide). Edit: I see people have already mentioned this in the comments 😅and I can see you didn't implement any in the Hercules/Heracles video which is good

[@firstaid56]

What about Jupiter and Jove and Dionysus and Liber

[@kalina5823]

When you said that Deos and Theos aren't related, I was so shocked. Like, WHAT!!! I was so sure they were, even if I'm just an amateur, teenage linguist. Those are just so similar and mean the same thing... Also, I'm comparing these pronounciations to the ones in my native language(Polish) and ours are more similar to the OG ancient greek and Latin. I've already gotten used to Poseidon having an "ah" sound, like in English. We only change some things, like give the godesses "a" at the end(to indicate that they are all feminine, majority of feminine words end with a in Polish) and shift the stress around to fit our rules. I remember once, I was researching Cybele and I was so shocked when I found the English pronunciation. I had to check the original Greek, Latin and Phrygian, Lydian, Hettic(all of those that are listed on Wikipedia in both English and Polish, my research wasn't very deep) and NONE of them had the S sound that English has. In Polish, it's just written with a K. Although I've gotten used to it already.

[@marciusbenigno]

The T in MARTIANVS is pronounced as T, just like in TIBI? I thought it would sound like S in SOUND or the Ç or SS in Portuguese.

[@BrandonBoardman]

That's the Classical pronunciation where "ti" doesn't usually change to "tsi" or "si" before a vowel as in the Ecclesiastical or Portuguese pronunciations.

[@VFella]

There is a two-season series on Netflix called "Romulus" where they speak something that, I think, is ancient Latin (I'm polyglot, but Latin is not one of my languages). They spell "Jupiter" something like "ces-piter". At least that's how it sounds to me. Note that my native languages are Spanish, German and Catalan, as a reference to how I understand what's said. I watched it with English subtitles, of course ;)

[@BrandonBoardman]

I think it was Diéspiter.

[@khiarapollock8227]

I sure did