How big companies cash in on indigenous knowledge and biological resources | DW Documentary

Rooibos tea and the sweetener stevia were originally discovered by indigenous peoples. Now they are among a long list of biological resources that bring profit to international corporations.
Biopiracy, or scientific colonialism, is the term for when big companies appropriate biological resources or the traditional knowledge associated with them without compensating the relevant indigenous peoples. It chiefly involves stimulants, food crops and medicinal plants with benefits first determined by the people who originally cultivated them. Financially powerful corporations take that knowledge, and turn it into big business.
The Pai Tavytera in northeastern Paraguay discovered the sweetening properties of stevia centuries ago - but have seen none of the profits now being made on the global market. While they find themselves displaced to reservations and surrounded by monoculture agribusiness and cattle farms, the wild stevia plant has almost died out.
Over in South Africa, the descendants of the Khoikhoi and San face a similar fate; the country's original inhabitants were the first to cultivate rooibos, which is exclusive to the Zederberg region. Today the plant is grown on a large-scale commercial basis, and marketed worldwide, primarily as a tea product.
The fight against biopiracy, however, is not just about money and patents; species preservation is another crucial issue. Indigenous peoples possess precious insights into the workings of nature, and are recognized by UNESCO and other institutions as vital conservers of biodiversity. There are international agreements that are supposed to ensure that the relevant peoples or countries receive fair compensation for access to their genetic resources. However, in practice this rarely happens. All too often, industry and governments alike lack the will and authority to guarantee compensation payments. Biopiracy has thus become rampant - especially in the biodiversity hotspots in the southern hemisphere.
#documentary #dwdocumentary #biopiracy
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[@Recondite101]

The idea of patenting a plant is insane and shouldn't exist

[@basiaboy]

Ever heard of roses…? Companies such as Proven Winners….. there are many many patented plants but they hybridized the species so there should be some IP protection and renumeration

[@NyanyiC]

But they want to patent the natural plant though

[@meh3247]

@@basiaboy Why are you supporting corporate corruption and dominion over nature? Are you in the midst of a mental health crisis? What can we do to get you the help you so clearly and obviously are in desperate need of?

[@carlscott5447]

Kind of like Moderna patenting a sequence that showed up in Covid-19? See Igor Chudov and Steve Kirsch.

[@kemar9434]

@@carlscott5447 ty. I did it but it ain’t gone oywu2;

[@tassaryamin3865]

Hats of to the team for this. The more consumers are aware of the overall story of any product, the better for Earth and humanity.

[@Maria-sz1fc]

Knowing is one thing. Profiting without any returns is another. South Africa has hardened it's laws for example and any patents need to be discussed prior to submission for an equative distribution of returns.

[@aminataykanu]

One of the worst is the patenting of Brazzein a sweet protein found in the oubli fruit in Central Africa. I am pleased that the bio-pirates are finding it difficult to get FDA or EU clearance for their lab-generated brazzein. Patent registries should consider refusing certain patents on moral grounds.

[@ianmiles2505]

Why? Why are you happy?

[@aminataykanu]

@@ianmiles2505 Because patenting the protein sequence of something that doesn't belong to you knowing full well it might stop the people who have been the guardians of that plant from making any money from it or even from using that plant is immoral and needs to stop. I have nothing against scientific findings, I am a biochemist myself. But what the US lab did by patenting that protein sequence is plain and simple bio-piracy.

[@debdipchatterjee4046]

Yes, I came to know about this issue in my school year during taking biology classes when they were teaching us about biotechnology. This kind of situation has happened in India as well, the very famous basmati rice which is known for its aroma, also many herbal products like turmeric and neem oil were once also patented by many american companies. Thankfully Indian government was causes enough to fight against the patient and get the rights back.

[@kitelife1067]

@@debdipchatterjee4046 yes it was the evil company Monsanto which tried these ridiculous patents, I only know because I have read one of Vandana Shiva's books.

[@donnaking4567]

It should also be noted that the natural seeds used by Afrikans for food and any other natural food seeds should not be patent by any man. How can you patent something that didn't come from you but came from the CREATOR OF THIS EARTH. THE BALLS OF SOME PEOPLE.

[@muthukumaranl]

This needs to be seen more widely...Thank you DW team for covering this under-reported but extremely significant topic so well!

[@robertskolimowski7049]

Thank you DW for this important reporting👏, hope the indigenous peoples get their way🤞🏻✌

[@ABC1701A]

They specifically mentioned eucalyptus trees as one of the crops being grown in the area. Hope they are paying royalties or whatever to the Australian peoples for the use of these trees and their properties. Works two ways, come to that I also hope the US and Paraguay are paying royalties to China for the use of the soy bean as well, seeing as how it's native to China and not the Americas. Things can very very rapidly get really stupid if you are going to go down the route of paying royalties to the countries from where plants now in general use come from. If they have issues they need to take it up with their government, because I'm fairly certain they will be the ones allowing the farming of soy and eucalyptus (two plants NOT native to the area) where once stevia used to grow.

[@reenachristyelizabethsures750]

One day someone is going to find a loophole to patent water.

[@r.casagrande8689]

DW always on point. 👏👏👏

[@user-hw1zn8vb6o]

Dr

[@virchandrakumar8186]

Indian people who are seeing this must check the patents on Neem & Turmeric.

[@msdadsfsx]

they are no patents on those..stop whatsapp sharing here

[@lindasapiecha2515]

Thanks for reporting 👍😊

[@MihaiOprean]

her mother told her about the plant. she hasn't seen the plant herself, but she's looking for it. wait, what?

[@speaklifegardenhomesteadpe8783]

Right.. And they saved no seed?? Really sus.

[@MihaiOprean]

@@speaklifegardenhomesteadpe8783 indeed sus

[@Catlily5]

@@speaklifegardenhomesteadpe8783 It grew wild. Do you save seeds from forest plants?

[@ianmiles2505]

What a win. If my dad picked Stevia in the wild I and all my descedendants get compensation for all of eternity. What a sweet deal. Pun intended.

[@87stevan]

Yea. To be honest I'm pretty pi**ed off with all these people around the World appropriating ancient and modern indegenous European knowledge..

[@Catlily5]

@@87stevan Some European plants and knowledge were forced upon others not appropriated.

[@whatslifespurpose]

@@87stevan No one asked for or was looking for "ancient and modern indigenous European knowledge", this was imposed on less violent nations through conquest and colonialism. Also, there are patent and IP laws that apply to this knowledge in medicine, industry or IT which is already accounted for and paid by every consumer. On the other hand, when Europe needed rubber they chopped the hands of Africans and so many other cases of pillage, plunder and loot.

[@87stevan]

@@whatslifespurpose "No one asked for or was looking for ancient and modern indigenous European knowledge"... Oh, well, if you're sure about that then that's great.. all those Africans and Chinese etc can stop using aeroplanes, agricultural machinery our schools and universities and everything else we invented. Now hop a long you self loathing, European hating half-wit..

[@justnelson1634]

Get your own piece of land to grow your own before it's too late, use their own laws to keep it safe. Farming will soon become more and more important

[@MrMarcodarko]

I had no idea that this was even a thing. Eventually capitalism is going to enslave everyone. The greed never ends.

[@arnaldobellucci9033]

But there is still a hope, North Korea.

[@GladysAlicea]

Yes. If they could, these corporations would charge us for the air we breathe. For now, they've privatized water and so many around the world are suffering, for most people would be shocked at the many detrimental affects of water privatization besides not having access to water without paying for it.

[@arnaldobellucci9033]

@@GladysAlicea you do not have to pay for water, just move clove to a river, pump the water yourself, filter it, boil it, and you do not have to pay.

[@danghita497]

please activate the subtitles!

[@NyanyiC]

The auto-generated ones by youtube are sometimes really crappy

[@soil-play]

Not really buying this concept. Where I would draw the line is if one were to patent the plant. That is wrong.

[@harrieelias5756]

Wonderful thank you

[@ramthian]

Great 👍 ❤❤❤

[@mehkhasur]

Very good topic..👍🏿👍🏿

[@djssquibbs3295]

So amazing

[@theelephantsgrandson]

Beyond tragic and par for the course. There's an album cover by SOJA I believe that has the hog (Northern hemisphere) eating out of the trough (Southern hemisphere) or something similar and is in the forefront of my mind while watching this. The song that comes on around the 22 min is a regular on a playlist I listen to regularly. Solid incorporation with the dynamics of that song

[@angusosborne3151]

A friend I know uses so much stevia I always tell him that if I ever win the lottery I'm going to invest it all in shares of the stuff.

[@zandiledlamini8160]

The idea that they are being shot at when trying to gain access to the plant is so insanely sickening

[@Boo-pv4hn]

Species diversity yes, businesses taking resources with ought paying fair compensation yes but it’s important all are able to get the resource, the issue with compensation for products is that can mean the product resources are still removed too much too often, as money can mean the agreement of too much resource because money is involved, I feel they should be able to take a handful of plants and grow them themselves and pay them for the plants taken

[@jazmintorres8976]

Ok but then who gets to keep the yacht?

[@Boo-pv4hn]

@@jazmintorres8976 ..?

[@HebaruSan]

Could this be applied to corn, tomatoes, potatoes, and tobacco?

[@salemezarog167]

Music 2.15 from with

[@sstarklite2181]

The rich people are delusional, thinking anyone loves them for themselves. It’s always about MONEY! Always!!!

[@mck5549]

But these people in South Africa featured are not Khoi-San, they are Cape Malay. Khoisan are indegenuos, Cape Malay come from Malaysia

[@ccrtv6198]

✨🌎 Pertinent & Timely Geopolitical Cultural Reporting 📡

[@commonomics]

This is literally the human condition. Spices are found or something valuable is found, merchants will come in a take it. This isn’t something new or novel, it’s history.

[@marceloorellana5726]

Sadly so.

[@sco6729]

Hi from Turkey, which part of fertile crescent. Could they also send my share for idea of farming which invented here and ofcourse grain. Thank you 😅

[@189643478]

The first principle of intellectual property is that it cannot be known by anyone else than the one applying for the right (plus anyone sworn to confidentiality by an NDA). The moment that knowledge gets leaked you lose any right to apply for a patent. If anyone leaks the information than you equally cannot longer patent it but you can sue that person if you can prove that they were under NDA. Given that, the knowledge of for example the sweetness of stevia became public knowledge before the indigenous people have applied for patent protection they cannot longer lay any claim to that knowledge. The moment that the first inventor told anyone who was not sworn to secrecy, the intellectual property right became null and void.

[@NyanyiC]

Rules that you made on your own.. Are there any indigenous signatories to those patent laws?

[@EtreTocsin]

You cannot patent something God made through nature . Nature cannot be patented

[@189643478]

​@@EtreTocsin A natural plant cannot be patented itself but you can patent the uses of for example extracts. So for example, you cannot patent the stevia plant itself but if you were the first person to ever discover that you can make a sweetener from the stevia plant than you can patent the use of stevia as a sweetener.

[@189643478]

​@@NyanyiC Of course there are, virtually every country on earth has a patent law and I am not an expert but I think the rules are relatively similar in most countries. Also a patent only applies to the country where it was granted. So, if you discover that plant X can be used as a medicine and apply for a patent in country Y then only in country Y will you have any intellectual property right to the use of that plant as a medicine. In other countries everyone is allowed to copy your invention without violating your intellectual property.

[@NyanyiC]

@@189643478 most of this 'IP violations'/ theft were done in colonial times or when settlers came under false pretenses. Instead of giving those natives Bibles, they could have educated them on IP Law😁 on a serious note, I think those indigenous people still deserve some sort of compansation for the knowledge they shared with y'all

[@nevarran]

Giving them back their land I can absolutely get behind. But saying that they somehow have a property of the plant and its properties sounds ridiculous to me. Should we give a percentage to Italy for every pizza we buy? Or maybe theaters around the world should start paying a tax to Greece?

[@GladysAlicea]

You're missing part of the point...the medicinal and other benefits are what the indigenous peoples discovered over millennia. Do you think corporations would take the time and resources to go around collecting plants and herbs and studying them, hoping to find their benefits? I doubt it as Stevia's worth right now is only $500M per year. Natural cosmetics cost far more than that and are worth billions in profits. Just two examples.

[@mintchocolatelove]

I learn a lot of knowledge from dw documentary channel^^

[@Cliffwalkerrockhounding]

That is amusing. humans have been trading plants and knowledge for the history of humanity. Do these people have apples trees now? Of course. Would you ever hear a European saying no one asked their permission to cultivate apples? Patents are an abomination to be sure, but you cannot stop other nations from cultivating any plant. They belong to all of us.

[@california7376]

The issue is they are saying they have the intellectual property of the plant and its properties which is no different to a corporation in regards to profiting from the intellectual property. If they said: "we want to preserve the plant and share its properties with everyone as its natural not owned by us" I could get behind that.

[@lenortancred]

1. Khoi and San are 2 distinct cultural entities. Wuppertal is Khoi. There are no more San in RSA, only in Botswana and Namibia. 2 The Trekboere (descendants of the original Dutch settlers) were drinking Rooibos, Witgatwortel, and other natural drinks and using natural herbs for cures in the 1800s.

[@franzjoseph1837]

Wonder how they learned that....

[@GladysAlicea]

@@franzjoseph1837 Exactly!

[@myname9008]

so will they be paying for cars, electricity, light bulbs and computer access to the ones that actually invented them?

[@josualopez33]

Yes

[@whatslifespurpose]

Yes, sir, they are paying for electricity, light bulbs and computers if they buy it. Patents dont exist forever, it is about acknowledging the source and giving some share of profits with the knowledge one has stolen.

[@ProximaCentauri88]

Are the essential oil companies guilty of this pratice as well?

[@michaelzlprime]

So we should now pay someone for all eternity for discovering a plant or animal? Who do we pay for the chicken? Or the apple? A patent is a very precise concept meant to foster innovation. You can't patent 'knowing a plant is sweet'.

[@jazmintorres8976]

Use was common to the local communities, the vultures visit and then take "their discovery" to the patent office and market, the source then gets decimated, exploited, and mass manufactured. Business

[@delbee718]

It will always be an issue and communication for the big companies but at the end of the day, nothing is done. No wonder they are unimpressed.

[@pleasanthannibal962]

Would probably help, if the individuals that originally possessed the Traditional Knowledge, would benefit from a Royalty Based agreement with the upstream companies, since most Information and/or IP based-industries (music, technology, etc) have shown that the model works well.

[@JoeDiGiovanniIV]

Traditional knowledge of what? Knowledge that a plant tastes sweet?

[@pleasanthannibal962]

@@JoeDiGiovanniIV Hahaha quite the simplification eh? Traditional Knowledge as in: What the plant (could be any, not just the sweet leaf in the first segment of the video) could be used for, most efficient way to cultivate it, and in combination with other plants (medicinal or just for flavour) work well. I'm guessing you've never been to a farm of sorts?

[@delbee718]

An indigenous flower from the Philippines, ylang-ylang was patented by Chanel for their perfumes . Sadly, Philippines was never compensated. 😢

[@GjaP_242]

Brazil is at the top among the 18 megadiverse countries. It hosts between 15 and 20 per cent of the world's biological diversity, with more than 120,000 species of invertebrates, about 9,000 vertebrates and more than 4,000 plant species. 9:45 Source: UN Environment Programme

[@stefangabor5985]

It is a controversial topic. It is not like the plant belongs exclusively to some local community which spent a large amount of knowledge and ressources to invent it. It is just a simple discovery and therefore every single person on this planet has the same rights to these plants like the locals. However, by giving something back to the community it will help to maintain a sustainable natural future for the plant. There is, however, another side to the story. People have to evolve, if the rest of the population behaved this way we would still be in the stone age now. There are many critics among us who feel that our evolution must hasten. What a contradiction to what E.M. is doing.

[@SvalbardSleeperDistrict]

"People have to evolve, if the rest of the population behaved this way we would still be in the stone age now" This statement of liberal ideology completely omits the most crucial factor in the entire story, and one highlighted in the title of the video itself - private corporate power using its resources to achieve what it wants to achieve at the expense of those communities. Liberals constantly failing to take note of politics and power and only being able to see individual actors in society is a very sorry look.

[@stefangabor5985]

@@SvalbardSleeperDistrict I don't like what's going on either, but we have to face reality. Today, with the advancement of genetics, these plants could be created and harvested anywhere. If this happens, how does it help the community? We have to be realistic about what can be done and how, otherwise the community will lose everything.

[@SvalbardSleeperDistrict]

@@stefangabor5985 "I don't like what's going on either, but we have to face reality" The reality is private corporate power not having to contend with regulations forcing it to do XYZ. That is always changeable, but not if one starts from assumptions that ignore the existence of the said power in the problem.

[@marceloorellana5726]

Your mentality is that of Colonialism. Advancement doesn't mean getting over on others. Humans must evolve in a positive manner and not a continuous negative growth that perpetuates resentment and inequality worldwide.

[@stefangabor5985]

@@marceloorellana5726 Where the “getting over on others” came from? It is all about keeping the pace with the evolution, which is a natural process. The survival of the fittest, does it ring a bell.

[@africanlastborn7776]

This local people have lost forever

[@redbutterfly88]

Theres even stevia plant in nursery, corporation grow themselves so why not give them 100 seedling to start? it wont cost that much? Lesson learned everything u harvest u replace.

[@lindajohnson2149]

Watching this gives me the urge to travel abroad in these areas. Oh how I think dōTERRA's Emily Wright and other founders would've done the right thing to compensate these families of growers.

[@evar7395]

I can't work out if you are serious or sarcastic? Are you referring to the DW documentary on doTERRA? 🤫

[@lindajohnson2149]

@@evar7395 No, I'm not being sarcastic. When watching this documentary, it reminded me of how well dōTERRA works with generational family growers to preserve their legacy and give them their deserved wages. When the middlemen had paid them low wages and the families didn't have any type of coop to work together for their common good, the growers families suffered. Often their daughters were kept from attending school to carry water for the family. When they'd find themselves needing funds before their crop was at its peak, they'd sell their plant materials just to get by. When dōTERRA saw the issues they were dealing with, dōTERRA dug wells allowing the daughters & all kids to attend school. They also helped create a farmers co-op of sorts and told them they'd pay them all throughout the year which allowed the plants to fully mature. It's was a win-win. Respecting their tradition, the earth and what it produces for us, and the future generations' education!

[@yongbinsong9676]

The world is full of greed and injustice and unfairness along with fake. That cannot be solved forever.

[@oneone8318]

We should probably pay for tomatoes, potatoes, and chili, and sweet pepper too? etc?

[@speaklifegardenhomesteadpe8783]

Throw seeds around

[@larsthorwald3338]

I don't see how Indigenous human groups have any more legitimate ownership claim on natural resources than corporations have. The primary focus of lawmakers should be conservation, not compensation. The difference between the destructive practices of large-scale corporations and the comparatively sustainable practices of indigenous locals is a difference in degree, not a difference in kind.

[@andybarr6751]

My grandfather's first language was a native South American language. But what right does that give me to go after researchers for the money they make? Breeding plants is an extremely time consuming process. Researchers in the US and Japan made vast improvements to many Andean root crops. Why should they have to pay people who inherited that through no action of their own, or just found it in nature? Should someone in Turkey be forbidden to grow avocados unless they pay a royalty to some fat beaurocrat in Guatemala? And not all Natives in the Americas were great stewards of nature. So many things were harvested so wastefully and destructively by them.

[@mintchocolatelove]

But the legal interpretation might be highly abstruse.

[@J.R.Graham]

Great true story-book title-"Cowboy Mafia "

[@timsimmons5287]

It’s a plant. What am I missing?

[@meh3247]

Selfish human self interest - don't worry, it's actually a very buggy downgrade.

[@newsviewstoday5689]

They should be awarded an Appilachian like Tequila, Champagne, etc. The true place of authentic origin.

[@iHelpSolveIt]

The answer is for local governments to tax the multinational companies and make them pay the locals. The trademark can be rejected, the South African govt fought for the locals to get their rights back. The fight to get the land back is taking longer

[@chickendogful]

Hilary Albutt, sadly almost all governments are corrupt.

[@redbutterfly88]

If they are harvesting and selling it u should replace it and dont harvest all. Its not totally exticnt its very easy to replace it wont cost much. Do it now

[@whocares__mrhjb9703]

Imagine we had to pay compensation for every food or plant we eat that originates in another country. Will they compensate first Australians for the eucalyptus they stole? Bio lunacy saying the plants were stolen or somehow appropriated.

[@zacharydavis4398]

💔

[@whatslifespurpose]

The same was done with Turmeric. Turmeric has been used for thousands of years and the US comes along and patents it. Funny that!

[@richardnielsen6683]

How big corporations appropriate biological resources! That's not entirely true, companies is run by people. They are your fellow countrymen, your grand parents your parents and your neighbor. The way to deal with this is at the ballot or with your wallet, and better yet run for office and change it!

[@valisofariu2821]

DW keeps reporting stuff but no one gives a shit apparently, it makes you wonder...

[@speaklifegardenhomesteadpe8783]

Why don't the natives have any seeds saved, really sus narrative.

[@Catlily5]

Do you save seeds of wild plants that grow in the forest?

[@papajohnsuk5965]

So ridiculous that something provided by nature is patentable. It's either own or be owned now.

[@arnowisp6244]

There is nothing more oxymoronic than Indigenous and Scientific Knowledge.

[@1rembo69]

Another example big corporation don't care about the little guy!!! It should stop, it is unethical!!!

[@onthebuses]

🥃📡🥃

[@arnaldobellucci9033]

This is a pile of BS. So many distorted and false “information “.

[@eyreland]

Dump ALL incumbents.

[@lancesay]

sadly... these people that works for these big company thinks they are doing a great service to humanity, but indirectly... it's unethical!

[@littlefairyland763]

Poor indigeneous people... Greedy corporation always win.

[@DerekFolan]

More like Bio liberation, well done to corporations responsible for attaining new foods, they ultimately saved this crop from extinction as these old people's make way for progress. The term biopiracy is just some legal parasite wants to also profit from new discoveries while piggybacking onto "indigenous peoples" so called "causes". These peoples don't own the plant, they simply found a use for it and later the corporation noticed the same use and supported the rest of the world with benefiting instead of just a few indigenous tribes somewhere.

[@PAVANZYL]

Scraping the bottom of the barrel here. If there is anything worth having its long gone.

[@miglius1992]

Do not see this as anything like stealing from anyone, since it grows on this planet... But destroying these resources that grow naturallyis not oke

[@myname9008]

what a joke

[@lone263]

You can't own rights to plants!

[@lone263]

BS!

[@LunarSkittles]

This is nonsense. Growing a plant in one country doesn't infringe on anyone's rights in another. Those living in the country of origin have no ownership over a species. Imagine saying that because wheat and other Triticeae grasses originated in the near east, that North America and Europe can't grow it. Let's see how quickly we all starve. The whole concept of "biopiracy" is asinine.

[@mehkhasur]

The flip side of WHITE

[@Malingerer1505]

7:20 Biopiracy huh lol. Ok tell these stevia hunting westerners that

[@michaelzlprime]

Also these natives should pay someone for appropriating European t-shirt and cars

[@Sho3z]

racist

[@creestee08]

biopiracy sounds woke. i dunno. it feels fake.

[@whocares__mrhjb9703]

Bio piracy. This claim is lunacy.

[@MafaeJamie]

they gave thire6 secret to the europens away, now they want money 🤣

[@razvan0312]

The stupidest thing I’ve seen, potatoes come from America, should we pay native Americans? Insulin was invented by a Romanian, does any pay for that? No. Come on, plants should be common ground, and a shared value. They should get to terms to it, another indigenous tribe that seeks founds for doing nothing. We all would like to look after animals and nature l, farm, live one with nature, but you have to earn and work for that not expect other to pay for it, because you had a plant in your region.

[@cheri238]

THANK YOU FOR THIS DOCUMENTARY ❤️. Indigenous cultures should respected also. CULTURES TRAVELING FOR CENTURIES. THEY ALSO KNOW RIVERS , STREAMS, OCEANS, LAND, ANIMALS, BIRDS, SPIRITS RISING.🌄🌅🌏❤️❤️‍🔥Glad to see companies that are working for the benefits for all. NAKYOYA protocol. Awsome. Awareness World 🌎 Bio- piracy