How Did Spain Become One Country?

Check Out Knight's Honour II Sovereign:
thqn.net/3iFuYzl
Today Spain is one of two countries in the Iberian Peninsula alongside Portugal, though in the Middle Ages the political situation looked very different, divided between a Muslim, Moorish South, the kingdoms of Asturias, Leon, Galicia, Portugal, Castile, Leon, Navarre, and Aragon all vying for power.
Music Used:
Sunday Dub - Kevin MacLeod
Laid Back Guitars - Kevin MacLeod
Ibn Al Noor - Kevin MacLeod
Himalayan Atmosphere - Kevin MacLeod
Desert City - Kevin MacLeod
Suonatore Di Liutto - Kevin MacLeod
Angevin B - Kevin MacLeod
Crossing the Chasm - Kevin MacLeod
Division - Kevin MacLeod
Constancy Part III - Kevin MacLeod
Raid the Merch Market:
teespring.com/en-GB/stores/hi...
Go Fund My Windmills (Patreon):
/ historywithhilbert
Join in the Banter on Twitter:
/ historywhilbert
Enter the Fray on Facebook:
/ historywhilbert
Indulge in some Instagram..?(the alliteration needs to stop):
/ historywithhilbert
Send me an email if you'd be interested in doing a collaboration! [e-mail]
#Spain #Portugal #history

[@nenenindonu]

Spain went through Germanic, Arabic, and Romance identities all in half a millennium

[@jvizkeleti]

The people were romance. It was not like a modern nationstate where people based their identity on the ruling class's ethnicity. So the people never really had an arabic identity, nor a germanic. The residuals of these ruling classes gradually dissolved in the romance majority.

[@m1j100_]

@Black Lesbian Poet what 💀

[@Neilos-sd6ti]

@@m1j100_ just a troll

[@papazataklaattiranimam]

Despite that Spaniards being Iberians

[@papazataklaattiranimam]

Berbers also ruled them

[@locusamoenus831]

There's a fun fact that could be included. In medieval Europe, the term "Spain" was used to refer to the whole set of Christian kingdoms of the Iberian Peninsula. When Isabella of Castile and Fernando of Aragon, the Catholic Kings, conquered Granada, they declared themselves "kings of (a unified) Spain". The Portuguese monarch complained to this stating that such thing couldn't be possible since they were all "Spanish" and the kingdom of Portugal was independent, thus implying that Spain wasn't really united. It's interesting to see how this word evolved over time. Eventually, "Spanish" was used to designate those lands under the reign of the successors of the Catholic Kings and then solidified with the Decrees of Nueva Planta and later with the Spanish independence war against Napoleon and the creation of the Liberal Constitution, therefore cementing what we call now "Spain" and creating this Spanish identity, while Portugal lost this sense of "Spanishness" and gained its own Portuguese identity, specially after 1640.

[@loislewis5229]

Ferdinand II of Aragon

[@baneofbanes]

Isn’t the Spanish language still called Castilian in Iberia?

[@locusamoenus831]

@@baneofbanes it depends on the region but yes, it can be called both Castillian or Spanish. Usually, regions with one or more languages prefer to use Castillian as to differentiate it from the other language/s, thus refering once more to this notion of "Spanishness" being the whole compound of characteristics of the Iberian peninsula, this time linguistically

[@baneofbanes]

@@locusamoenus831 cool

[@rsabinioan]

King of Portugal: ayo guys we’re not really unified since you don’t have my land Isabella and Fernando: mhmmm write that down, write that down 100 years later: *Iberian Union happens*

[@exudeku]

Funny thing is we Filipinos didn't use the term "Español" when referring to the spanish but "Kastilla" or Castille because they haven't been bonded with the Aragon crown to form Spain later on

[@johnnotrealname8168]

Probably because the people who came over called themselves that not Spanish.

[@no6odys8fe90]

Spanish is spanish get it right

[@Rune-Thief]

@@no6odys8fe90 Guess what, Castile is spanish.

[@roelmendoza7638]

To be more precise, "Kastilà".

[@Zathaghil]

@@no6odys8fe90 wrong. Catalunyans are not castillian. And neither are the Basque. Get it right. Or we could just call all Europeans just that instead of any nationality.

[@PB-so7me]

You oversimplified the Portugal part... The western part of the peninsula has been divided since Roman times between Galicia, to the north, and Lusitania, to the south... both regions were Christian and remained so during Roman and Visigoth rule... When the Muslims invaded, they conquered Lusitania but Galicia was capable of remaining independent... Later, the kingdom of Galicia was divided into competing regional powers... the south of Galicia, which was richer than the north because of Bracara (Braga) the largest city and diocese, and Portus (Porto) the main financial and commercial center, wanted more autonomy from the kingdom of León, to whom the kingdom of Galicia was a vassal, while the northern part of the kingdom was more loyal... so in 868 the kingdom of León created the county of Portus Calle (Port of Galicia), giving them more autonomy... Calle comes from Calleci which means Galicia... In 1095, the King of León gave the county of Portus Calle to a French crusader named Henry of Burgundy, who fought in the Spanish reconquista... He later married a Portuguese/Galician woman named Teresa, who was the daughter of Afonso VI, King of León, and they had a son, Afonso Henriques (Alphonse Henry)... Henry of Burgundy was a crusader linked to those who would go on to create the order of the Temple in 1119... so when he became count of Portus Calle many Templars joined him in the reconquista... the county of Portus Calle became a center of Templar activity and later Henry of Burgundy's son, Alphonse Henry, would be initiated into the order of the Temple... Alphonse Henry's seal shows a Templar cross with a play on words saying Pour Tu Graal (For You Grail)... Alphonse Henry, along with other Templars, declared Portugal's independence from Galicia and León in 1139 and started a crusade to reconquer Lusitania, which was being occupied by Muslims, for Christianity and annex it to the kingdom of Portugal... In Portuguese mythology, the reconquest of Lusitania is described as the first empire, the second being in Asia when the Portuguese crossed the Cape of Good Hope and arrived in India, the third the creation of Brazil and the fourth in Africa... the fifth empire is a mystical empire that is to come and is known as the Empire of the Holy Spirit... When the order of the Temple was abolished in 1312, the then king of Portugal, King Dinis, went to the Vatican to ask the Pope for permission to create a new order that would absorb the Templars who were being persecuted in the rest of Europe... this order was the order of Christ created in 1319... Then the order of Christ began the Age of Discoveries in the XV century, initiating the process that would lead to Europe's hegemony over the world, and spread Christianity throughout all continents... So basically Portugal was created by the Templars, and the Age of Discoveries was a partnership between the Portuguese and the surviving members of the order of the Temple under the order of Christ... Merry Christmas...

[@lxportugal9343]

Achas que ele sabe isso? Cheira-me que o gajo que fez o video é de origem árabe

[@jsolloso]

Portugal came out of Galicia. So, Galicia is the ancestor of Portugal.

[@hectorvivasjimenez9768]

i think this video is not about Portugal my friend, is about the unification of Spain as a country or state not Portugal... for that rason i think he oversimplified Portugal history. But youa re right in your explanation

[@anthonybutler3157]

Very nice summation

[@leoni7649]

@@lxportugal9343 he's Dutch

[@docjoe86]

17:38 Charles V/I was Joanna the Mad’s son, not husband. Her husband was known as Philip the handsome, who was from the Hapsburg family.

[@hectorvivasjimenez9768]

true, the only little error i find in the video... i was searching for the comment haha

[@IRosamelia]

Ditto

[@thomasmyers9128]

The Hapsburg were anything but handsome

[@hectorvivasjimenez9768]

@@thomasmyers9128 Mmmmhh Charles II... i become wet just thinking on him... XD

[@MonalexLR]

I would just make 2 corrections: 1. That Charles V of the Holy Roman Empire/Charles I of Castille and Aragon, was the son of Joanna of Castille and Aragon of the House of Trastamara, not her husband. Her husband was Phillip the Handsome, son of Maximilian I of Austria of the House of Hapsburg. 2. The Kingdom of Spain did not only conquer South America, as shown in the map at minute 21:36, but also Central America and parts of North America. You were missing the whole of the Viceroyalty of New Spain, which corresponds to what is now Mexico and the Western and Southwesthern states of the USA (California, Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, Georgia, Louisiana, Florida and parts of Wyoming, among other states)

[@Magicus1]

No les gustan contar esa parte a los Gabachos. Jajaja!

[@jsr7691]

Philippines was also a part of the Viceroyalty of New Spain

[@MonalexLR]

@@jsr7691 Your right, I was missing the Phillipines and Central American countries (except Panamá) were all part of the Viceroyalty of New Spain.

[@joshdonn1606]

Spain is the place where a lot of the world met each other. From the Mediterranean and the Levant/Middle east to Africa and Europe and then later on the Americas. Spain is a fulcrum for different peoples and cultures

[@boomyminecraft2more]

spain as in the roman name for the iberian peninsula, they largely met in the port city of Lisbon which is the second oldest capital city in europe

[@bconni2]

you mean the Iberian peninsula.? when discussing these matters it's more intellectually honest to include the entire Iberian peninsula, as Portugal & Spain share a common history.

[@Dan-do2op]

Hi Hilbert - Great video on a topic that doesn't get much coverage! Some constructive feedback -- It would be a lot easier for me, the viewer, if you showed the map with labels every time you mentioned a kingdom. eg. around 10:30, you mention Jaca, Aragon, Navarre and their interactions without a visual aid.

[@historywithhilbert146]

Hi Dan, thanks for the feedback - in hindsight that would have been a lot better!

[@johnnotrealname8168]

Good point as I know of only two of those. I know Galicia, Toledo(?), Castile, Aragon and some muslim stuff.

[@billycorgan3934]

@@historywithhilbert146 it did not exist any state called Spain until the 18th century. This is a fact. In 1492 still existing the Castile crown one side and the Aragon Crown on the other side. Charles I became the first monarch entitled as Castile and Aragon Crowns at the same but it does not mean that existed one state called Spain. It's the same that happened in Britain when Scotland and England had the same monarch a century earlier the United Kingdom was founded in 1707. They were sharing the Monarchy even when they were separated states. So it's the same in Spain. Even the Aragon Crown was established by different states. There was no Spanish nation as the Spanish nationalism has made up. Castile spread their language once they conquered the Aragon Crown taking advantage of the Crowns Succession war. Spain is not the history of a union but a conquest.

[@alexandroalvarez2464]

Please clarify …either the entire peninsula was conquered by the moors or not . Galicia. Asturias , País Vasco are Three entirely different regions. Please use a map when referencing them and do not asume they all are one region ( hence the need for you to use a map). Your video presentation reaches out to a considerable audience worldwide, please be accurate when reporting , referencing and or reporting on the historical transformation of a prominent country . Lastly , please , your presentation should include factual relevant information properly researched . This video is being watched by both Spanish and Portuguese citizen whom would appreciate the correct and accurate depiction of their countries’ history. Thank you

[@sergio3631]

@@billycorgan3934 Saludos, no se hablar ingles correctamente pero si quieres puedes traducir. Soy español y pertenezco a la parte de España que fue antiguamente el reino de Aragón, concretamente a lo que hoy es Valencia que era un reino dentro de la corona aragonesa que compartía monarca en el reino de Aragón y Valencia y en los Condados Catalanes que eran los mas influyentes a nivel de población y economía tenía en título de Conde, pero era la misma persona y se llamaba el Reino de Aragón al conjunto, reino que existió a pesar de estar organizado internamente en dos reinos y un condado (sin contar otras conquistas fuera de la península que eran legadas a hijos segundos o parientes de confianza), lo mismo vale para España y su división interna en el reino de Navarra, Aragón y Castilla que existió desde 1492 con la conquista final del reino de Granada y la unión de Isabel y Fernando. Entiendo que no es un Estado nación moderno, eso no ocurrirá hasta 1812, pero la realidad de España ya estaba ahí, de hecho los que redactaron la primera constitución se refieren a esa realidad para sustentar su legitimidad a la hora de redactar la constitución. Por último no sé por qué dices que España no es la historia de una unión si no la de una conquista, me parece que ese argumento vale para cualquier rincón del planeta pero España en concreto no tiene una historia especialmente sangrienta en ese sentido si la comparamos con cualquier otro estado moderno de su entorno y si es así estaría bien argumentar qué hace a la historia española especial en ese aspecto.

[@INBCPC1994]

There are a lot of mistakes in this video, but the biggest one is saying that Charles was Johanna's husband, he was actually her son, Phillip von Habsburg was his father and thus Johanna's husband. This video was subpart to what you usually make, like your videos are usually way better than this lol

[@long-shotlouie]

he also says that a bunch of moors crossed the gibraltar "straits" to invade a 7/11? that can't be right

[@KennyNGA]

@@long-shotlouie im no moor

[@ninab.4540]

@@KennyNGA Moors were sexy lol

[@derKrampus]

Yes, I thought I was mistaken at first about Philipp and Johanna.

[@KennyNGA]

@@ninab.4540 thank you

[@ferrjuan]

18:40 it wasn’t the French king that was allowed to rule Spain it was King Louis IV’s grandson Philippe, Duke of Anjou who became King Philip V of Spain. Treaty of Utrecht forbade any future possibility of unifying the French and Spanish crowns while confirming his accession to the throne of Spain.

[@EHonda-ds6ve]

Actually there are 3 countries there. Portugal, Spain and Andorra

[@CrumpetCraig]

There's also France and the UK (because of Gibraltar).

[@johnnotrealname8168]

@@kyoto7323 This will not happen. The Spanish state seems to not want secession and most Catalonians do not want it either (The referendum was a sham.).

[@johnnotrealname8168]

@@CrumpetCraig France?

[@johnnotrealname8168]

Is Andorra independent? Their Head of State is also the Head of State of another State.

[@fordhouse8b]

@@johnnotrealname8168 One of their two heads of state is the President of France, the other one some bishop if I recall correctly.

[@mvdbergrede]

Very nice video. More videos like this tracking the various predecessor states of modern European nationstates and their territorial expansions/losses would be very interesting. Lekker bezig Bert, fijne feestdagen!

[@emequaza5537]

Great video! I understand you couldn't include everything and didn't want to make it too long. Still there is some thing I would add: 1. At 12:15 you said Navarre instead of Aragon. While both of these kingdoms had territories across the Pyrenees, Navarre didn't expand across the sea or conquer any muslims by this point. 2. Kingdom of Pamplona existed until 1162. Only after that point can you speak of Navarre. And you didn't mention what happened to Navarre in the video. Iberian part was conquered by Castile, but remained autonomous enough to be considered in personal union with it (this existed until 1841), while the part across the Pyrenees was inherited by France. (remaining a titular kingdom until the French revolution - very cool!) 3. When Pamplona was divided in 1035, one of those parts (County of Castile, recently conquered from Leon) went on to conquer Leon! This dynasty introduced their succesion laws in Leon (before it was elective/primogeniture - I think?, while pamplona, like you have mentioned, liked dividing their realm across many smaller kingdoms on ruler's death), which led to the following: 4. You should have included 1065 and 1157 partitions of Leonese monarchy. In 1065 partition Leonese monarchy was partitioned in 3, into: Leon, Castile (first time it became a kingdom!) and Galicia (Portugal was basically a rebellious part of this kingdom). While it was short it reinforced the division of the peninsula. Then the 1157 partition was the reason why Castile eventually became dominant over Leon in the monarchy. 5. Partitions before that were usually not long lasting nor planned. It was more like rebellions of local aristocracy with a royal son to take charge of the region or entire kingdom. (Which you've mentioned). I like how you didn't fall for the trap of considering Asturias and Leon as wholly diffrent entities, but more like a change of capital. 6. ,,Iberian union'' should have been at least mentioned. While it was officialy a personal union and it didn't last long and Portugal was more autonomous than rest of ,,Spain'', as you yourself mentioned ,,Spain'' itself was an union of de jure diffrent kingdoms. I think that's all. If I made a mistake feel free to tell me. Edit: Another fun fact, Catalonia was considered de jure French until union with Aragon. Still, French ultimately abandoned the region only in 1258 in Treaty of Corbeil.

[@jsolloso]

Catalonia NEVER existed as a nation, so it couldn't be considered anything.

[@emequaza5537]

@@jsolloso I meant Catalonia in the modern meaning of the term, that is the Spanish province and county of Rousillon in France. If I'm correct Catalonia in these times was one of the names for modern day southern France and modern day Spanish province of Catalonia. I'm not sure when did the term ultimately become restricted to its modern meaning. I'm aware that in these times the area of modern day Catalonia was a feudal conglomerate of counties under the hegemony of count of Barcelona who happened to be the king of Aragon. In fact in the treaty itself all the counties are listed separately, not to mention Lordship of Montpellier which remained on the Iberian side of the border. Counties on both sides of the Pyrenees were quite simlar. It just didn't make sense to name every single county when border set by this treaty in the future would come to, in the present divide what are ,,Catalans'' and ,,Occitans''. And to be honest it was more of King of France abandoning claims to counties in modern Catalonia in exchange for Aragon abandoning claims to counties in modern Languedoc. France didn't seriously control the area of modern Catalonia for 300 years, while the counts of Tolouse were conquered quite recently. Still the counts in the territory of modern Catalonia, until the union of Barcelona with Aragon, numbered their charters in the years of reign of French monarchs, so one could say that symbolical overlordship was maintained.

[@jsolloso]

@@emequaza5537 you are not correct. The count of Barcelona was a subject of Aragon. He was NOT the Aragon King. One Count of Barcelona married the daughter of the Aragonese King but he married into the family not took it over. The south of France includes a lot of immigrants and to say it was part of the same land is debatable. Catalonia NEVER existed. It was either Aragon or Navarre. France itself involved more than one Kingdom and didn't occupy the land it does today but Catalonia NEVER existed, that is a fact.

[@huvlarvrhorg4818]

the kingdom of leon or asturias is a fallacy from the XIX th century revisionism of spanish history that just took out Galaeacia and its kindgom out of history, i can tell there is alot of documents stating it , the battle by pelagius was fought by men from galicia that invaded asturias, even the arab historians admit that, galicia never lost its identity or independence since the Vth century . the frontier was at the river minho since the begining as arabs never conquered that northen part , they made incursions to the north to pillage and kidnap people for slaves, and very fast the frontier changed to the douro river, the discoveries of fortications ruins along the river made that clear. the moors never had a full control of that entire region. galicia was completely ghosted from spanish history since the XIXth century, some say because the bourbons descended from the visigoths that were more civilized and tried to erase galician suevi heritage . historians tend to forget that the supposed kings of leon or arturias were all crowned in galicia, now tell me why is that ? The English chronicler Mateo Paris writes in the 13th century, that in 1184 Ferdinand II is the king of Galicia and does not call it León. In book IV of the Codex Calixtinus, of 1140, the kingdom of Galicia includes Lamego, Viseu, and Coimbra, and there appear such expressions as "Yspaniam e Galleciam," "tellurem Yspanicam et Gallecianam," "Hyspani scilicet et Galleciani, totam terram Hispanicam." e Gallecianam," understood as if Galicia were the Christian part of the Peninsula vis-à-vis a Muslim Hispania.. explain because the first Christian and hegemonic kingdom until the 13th century was Galician and not Asturian. i can put here more and more facts about that fallacy that exists for centuries and people think its the truth.

[@jsolloso]

@@huvlarvrhorg4818 Galicia is one of the original Kingdoms but Leon is the Kingdom which was promoted after it. If you'd use a different chronicler but an English one, that would be more truthful.

[@jcs3142]

People have pointed out some missed points, though the video is quite good as it is. I was however surprised that you didn't mention the concept of "las Españas" or "the Spains" (in plural), which reinforces the idea of a collection of kingdoms as opposed to a unified estate. Literary, socially and historiographically it is a well-known and well-used concept that could help and reinforce your explanation.

[@coyote4237]

Thanks, Hilbert. Happy Holidays to you, too.

[@unusualhistorian1336]

Great video as always!

[@stormiewutzke4190]

Super interesting. I would love to hear about the formation of Italy sometime.

[@alansmithee8831]

Hello Hilbert. Happy Xmas or Feliz Navidad. The season for El Cid on TV every year as a kid, beyond which I knew little of how complicated this was, despite spending time in Relleu in Valencia province, where the language is much like Catalan. The village was on TV here in UK this week, showing the community, which has British and Dutch in it, raising money for Ukraine, which you have done quite a few videos on this year. These days, but the nearest I get is watching Benidorm Stuff channel, which I never would have before going there, preferring to think of more typically Spanish areas to visit, though "typical" seems wrong after this video. I will try to leave you with a laugh at the typically English. I helped my host in Spain by digging a hole about 1.5m for an orange tree. A short distance away I did the same for a lemon tree, shunning the idea of a midday break. Tired, but satisfied, I climbed out of the second hole and stepped back to admire my efforts. Another step and oops, down the first hole I went.

[@puraLusa]

😂

[@johnwolfington1476]

Very helpful. Thank you.

[@joshh3304]

V informative thank you!!

[@mateolopez2099]

Would of been nice for the irmadiña wars in galicia to have been mentioned against the nobles, Castile, and Portugal. That was the time when Isabela of Castile was able to remove the Galician clergy and nobles to Castilian ones who also spoke Castilian and changed Galician from a language of a kingdom to a peasant language (which is why the nationalism in galicia is based around the rural and is socialist). You already speak about Galicia some what in other videos which is more than light we usually get on media so it's still good to see. Great videos 👍

[@Toni-zw1eq]

Por Dios, como puede haber olvidado las guerras irmadiñas? En todos los libros de historia se estudian.. Soy español y no habia oído hablar de ellas. Cada uno con su nacionalismo caduco

[@braislorenzo8770]

@@Toni-zw1eq Entonces debería de estudiar más la historia de "su" país

[@Toni-zw1eq]

@@braislorenzo8770 No me haga reír...

[@johannestzimiskes2524]

Great Video but Charles I./V. was Joannas son not husband. Her husband was Phillip the fair (son of Maximillian I.), who was king of Castille between Ferdinand/Joanna and Charles.

[@ghayes220]

Excellent. I learned a lot. Thanks.

[@amaccama3267]

Merry Christmas Hilbert 🎅 🎄 ❤️

[@user-vo9wd6tx6c]

Strictly speaking Andorra is also on the Iberian peninsula.

[@Very_Silly_Individual]

A righteous conquest indeed

[@SpanishDio]

I'm very thankful you are one of the few english speaking youtuber who make historic content about Spain beyond the conquest of the americas, I really appreciate your work! much love from Mallorca Hilbert!

[@user-it9jt7fo7d]

Are there medieval Christian monuments in Mallorca+ Why Mallorca looks so hot ?

[@ChameleonAudio]

Loved it Bert 👏

[@paracolit2012]

I am 100 % European, 100% Spanish and 100% Valencian!

[@morenauer]

Hm... Technically, Andorra is in the Iberian peninsula, making it 3 countries. Also, part of Spain (part of Catalonia, I'm referring to the Vall D'Aran) is technically north of the Pyrenees, so it's not in the peninsula. Not to mention all the islands.

[@TimPaddy]

What about Gibraltar?

[@denmichaelmalayo9716]

Actually 4 cause Briish

[@fallendown8828]

And French has some too so Iberia has 5 countries: Spain Portugal Andorra France United Kingdom

[@jsolloso]

Catalonia has NEVER been a nation, it was Aragon. It has existed as a regional autonomous community since the Constitution of 1978 but never as a nation.

[@dummy524]

@@jsolloso It did as the duchy of Barcelona multiple times throughout history

[@PenguinofD00mxxx]

I would be interested in that next video topic.

[@Mr67Stanger]

Very interesting indeed. Thank you.

[@chiron14pl]

When was Navarre merged into Spain? I remember Henry of Navarre, who became king of France, so it must have been after his time.

[@mahesito1943]

The whole thing with Navarre is very weird. Ferdinand the Catholic king conquered most of Navarre in 1512 but a small kingdom still existed north of the Pyrenees thats where Henry came from. Since Navarre (and the basque counties) supported the Bourbons in the spanish succession war they maintained their privileges while Aragon and Catalonia lost theirs. Only with the 1833 territorial division and the defeat of the Carlists was Navarre fully incorporated with the rest of Spain. Even today Navarre maintains a large autonomy like having their own tax system separated from the rest of Spain.

[@Alejojojo6]

Navarra was conquered by Aragon and Castille during the period of the Catholic Monarchs and annexed based on internal noble infights. The Kingdom of Navarra also extended over into parts of France (north of the Pyrenees) where it remained unconquered. There, it survived until Henry, King of Navarre (And Protestant, yeah Navarre had become Calvinist Huguenot), was proclaimed due to parentage to the previous rulers as King of France, effectively annexing what was left of Navarre to France. By the way, Henry converted to Catholicism in order to become King of France.

[@Alejojojo6]

People underestimated the Germanic Presence in the Iberian penninsula. In fact, the Visigoths ruled Spain for 2 centuries.

[@goncalodias6402]

More than that. Since the end of the roman empire until the moors

[@roderik3059]

In fact, Castilla is a German creation.

[@k.l3062]

Like the franks, the visigoths and Ostrogoths got reverse assimilated into their romanized regions. Castile comes from castrum which is Latin.

[@roderik3059]

@@k.l3062 Burgos, the heart city of the old Castile comes from Burg, castle in German. Its Cathedral was the work of Hans from Cologne.

[@peterpayne2219]

Very nice video!

[@micahistory]

nice video explaining this complicated history

[@NocKme]

Would you consider doing a Grand Duthy of Lithuania?

[@martijnvanderkaaij6028]

Very nice. One detail: Charles was the son of Juana, not the husbsnd. Her husband and Charles' father was Philip the Fair.

[@donsantiago1]

Spain was the name given to the Iberian Peninsula in antiquity. There were no invanders from north africa. The Iberians were the cartaginese, morrocan and south Spain habitants that traded religion. Spain is a geographic unity, Romans divided in 4 administrative regions. But, Spain was the whole peninsula.

[@roballister5269]

1:00 as a native spanish speaker btw, (and dont ask why rob allister for a name i mean just an alias ffs), the word "moros" u mentioned, has two "r"s. that's all :) It's, "morros", and modernly we in spain and mexico mostly use that word to refer to a girl thats DFT or has a phat a**, u change the "o" to an "a" so, "Morra", like "let's get a morra" (lets get some sl*t to boink tonight) or "mira esa morra" (look at that morra; look at that fat a** girl). Also, the pronounciation, you roll the "r" really hard, like you do whenever u have double r's in spanish. loved the video btw, 10/10!! and i put 80 hours into knights of honor 2 btw, it's way more fun if u can bring in 2-3 buddies to play, but then it falls off when someone doesn't win after 3 hours like it's just lingering ehh. i'd still rate it a 8.5/10 game, pretty fun, just lategame falls off

[@jsolloso]

The main error made by people is to believe Catalonia was a nation. It NEVER was. The County of Barcelona was NOT Catalonia and were Aragonese. You call the Arogenese counts, Catalans, they were not Catalans, they were Aragonese. Again, later in the video you claim a Catalan unrest, it was Aragonese, since Catalonia has NEVER existed as a nation and therefore no people from such a place have ever existed. Also, although Portugal split from what would be Leon, it actually took land from what is Galicia, the oldest nation within Spain outside of Castille and Leon.

[@nenenindonu]

The Kingdom of Castile united Spain in a way Prussians united Germany, Ottomans united Turkey, or Muscovite united Russia

[@MrGunnar69]

Another word you can use instead of unite is conquer.

[@johnnotrealname8168]

@@MrGunnar69 Not really. Spain was unified by marriage and Personal Unions until a War gave them an excuse to consolidate the tax-dodgers.

[@jpor7259]

@@MrGunnar69 And Catalonia conspired with the French Bourbons to undermine Castile, then that same Bourbons would go on to destroy their privileges. Cruel irony, but deserved. The fact is Castile was pro-French and had little interest in Italy since the Mediterranean was the sphere of Aragon. Castile reversed that policy with Ferdinand and Isabella, and suddenly Castile was paying for wars that benefited Aragon. Barcelona was enriched by Castilian hegemony over the Italian Peninsula. The Aragonese interest with Italy put it directly at odds with France, and being literally adjacent to the border meant it was also raided and invaded by France. Castile would go on to pay and fight for their defense. Frankly, the similarity of Scotland and Catalonia is superficial at best. England had wars on the continent and dragged the smaller Scotland, while Aragon was the smaller partner with territorial disputes that eventually dragged the larger Castile. Being part of an island, an invasion of Scotland was always going to come from the English side. Aragon was caught between France and Castile, and its choice was to marry Castile to defend against France.

[@anabel9499]

castilian supremacist unreal history. Castilla subdued the entire peninsula, luckily the Portuguese escaped in time and Andorra was saved by France

[@anabel9499]

@@jpor7259 as a catalana, there is nothing in this world that we hate more than the Bourbons, both French and Spanish.

[@RevoVansen]

Smashing video.

[@T.2.S.A.]

Very good, And as always I very much admire your pronounces in forgeign languages.

[@stalketelheide5709]

Sorry I have to correct this! 😅Charlos I also known as Charles V was the son of Joanna, not her husband .. his father was Filips (the Handsome) von Habsbourg also known as Felipe I de Castilla the beloved husband of Joanna😉

[@EmisoraRadioPatio]

The notion of a Hispanic (Spanish) nation started with Isidore of Seville, who converted the Visigoths to Catholicism and encouraged the blending of the different peoples of the Iberian peninsula into a single people.

[@badisheffey4550]

Great video

[@estranhokonsta]

Thanks. Regardless of some minor historical points that may not be "correct", i must say that this was a pretty balanced video. It really reminded me about the old way of studying history without making some random drama at every corner and forgetting respect for the field of history itself. Kudos.

[@ferrjuan]

17:34 Charles V/I was not the husband of Juana the mad he was her son!

[@Frahamen]

One kingdom, one republic, one principality and one rock under British control, you mean.

[@truesimplicity]

Well done...👍🏼

[@luiszuluaga6575]

Videos like this help to put the modern world in perspective

[@SamAronow]

Yay, someone else who knows about the Nueva Planta Decrees!

[@johnnotrealname8168]

Hey, I do. They revoked a bunch of language rights and law codes (Then the King after receiving reports that many Aragonese were not traitorous scum, reversed his decisions. Funnily enough he did what King Charles II did in Sicily after the revolts there (Messina Revolts (1672-1678) which are funny.) and revoked their criminal laws while leaving in place the civil law (Which is a big concession.). The bit that still is seared in my mind is Valencia where, the Royal Bureaucracy really takes the cake, the request of the King to review the situation was lost and only resurfaced like a decade later and to not create a hassle they did not bother changing anything which meant Valencia had no language for a century or more. In fact the main result of it was the absorption of Castilian Judges and officials to the outlying regions (They had to learn the laws (They did not really.) and the language (Guess.).) resulting in those people not even expecting that back by the end. In fact the Bourbon absolutism was not really Bourbon, the Cortes was not called by Mariana or her son (They negotiated with the cities individually, Andalusia suffered of course. (Although a difference was the destruction of the Council of Aragon which ironically acted as a parliament, there is a paper on it somewhere. Sad to see that go.).), the Council of Castile also ended up being a confirmation of the succession thing, which means legally the Isabelline line is illegal...anyway. I got most of this information, however badly I presented it, from this dissertation: "The Bourbon Reform of Spanish Absolutism: The Government of the Crown of Aragon, 1665-1746" By Phillip D. Fox ( kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/handle/1808/22033/Fox_ku_0099D_13266_DATA_1.pdf ), the first chapter is brilliant as it shows Charles II's reforms, who was probably the most competent Spanish King ever, I will defend that. Here is the paper he did on the topic: ( www.academia.edu/76614173/The_Advantage_of_Legal_Diversity_for_State_Formation_Bourbon_Reforms_and_Aragonese_Law_in_Eighteenth_Century_Spain ).).

[@oriolpujolmartinez7268]

Thanks for giving us back the Rosselló in that map man

[@franciscosuarez1660]

Hey dude, could you post the sources you used please? I'm interested in reading more about this; it's quite interesting.

[@arknuni6272]

Hi Hillbert! Actually, that is not the exact shape of spain, its northern border does not have that little tip in the Basque Country, it is more straight. Hope this helps, and sorry for my bad English, it is not my native language.

[@alvaro6587]

Bayona used to be part of navarra and of the spanish kingdoms until the treaty of the pirenees

[@mariosarrionandia1972]

Thats suposed to be lower navarre ( baja navarra/ behe nafarroa ) wich was part of navarre for some 2 centuries , and indeed stayed independent longer than the southern part of navarre wich was conquered and anexed by 1522 ( after a few years of war). Even nowadays you have lots of basque speakers in that territory wich is part of what it is called " the french basque country" ( zuberoa , lapurdi and behe nafarroa)

[@lofdan]

Es la Merindad de Ultrapuertos, que hoy en día pertenece a Francia.

[@HebaruSan]

When you said the game runs in "real time" I imagined waiting real world years for an heir to grow up, heh

[@OctorichOstipus]

Love these videos, especially this one. Really great. However, some feedback: instead of showing a screen with only a year in big text, might as well show the map of that year, with the year in the upper corner. Also, labelling the maps would help me a ton. I'm finding it hard to follow. But again, love your videos, very no-nonsense and informative. Thank you!!

[@alejandroojeda1572]

Thanks for the video a bit of a nitpick, but the kingdom and the crown of Aragon are not the same and sometimes you mix them up. Also, you forgot to chip french navarre and Catalonia from your spain map

[@knightedtemplar]

Wouldn't Andorra also be considered as "on the Iberian Peninsula"?

[@thorpeaaron1110]

Can't wait for the Portugal episode next . For me the Reconquista is an accurate as many of the Muslims in the South were native Iberians who converted to Islam during the Uyymaad Conquest of the peninsula .

[@tonialbert333]

That sounds ridiculous when portugal should be part of spain

[@thorpeaaron1110]

​@@tonialbert333nah

[@Coltantine]

Your profile pic gives me free helicopter vibes

[@quesadilla1859]

@@tonialbert333 what, why?

[@FOLIPE]

And many natives were still Christian and so on. Clearly the idea of reconquest isn't a based on a modern idea such as indigenous peoples and so on

[@o0laieta0o]

Just wanted to say that it was a pretty on point video! One thing tho that sounded wrong is that ETA actually surrendered (at least the armed part of their fight) a couple years ago

[@chrisk5651]

I’m not sure how you messed up Charles V as he was a major player in creating the Netherlands (I thought that you were Dutch?!?!?!). He helped to unite the Netherlands (as his maternal grandparents had united Spain) - although his son helped to divide them, although the northern part united against him in the Dutch Revolt and the northern part coalesced into the modern country.

[@Nightzo]

You'd think they'd let Aragorn have his own kingdom after everything he has done for mankind in the war of the ring

[@Pebble_Collector]

Nice, a new History channel to subscribe to. Is that a North East England accent I detect?

[@davidtice4972]

Fantastico!! Me gustaria ver esto en español.

[@cartier2312]

I like how things are , We have Portugal and Spain there's no needs to be together but we are together ❤️

[@puraLusa]

But iberia is together, it's called the EU.

[@FOLIPE]

@@puraLusa alongside Latvia and Croatia

[@santicarvalhido-gilbert8437]

It is not Portugal and Spain. That's an oversimplification based on the current nation-states. The diversity of Spain (Iberia-Hispania) includes nations such as Galicia, which could form a geographically and culturally consistent realm with Portugal, other nations are the old nation of the Basques, the Catalans, which could join together with the Valencians and Majorcans, there are even the Asturian and Leonese, and finally there is the Castillian nation, who could easily come along with the Andalusians (Castilla la Novíssima). To reduce everything to Spain and Portugal is like reducing the British Isles to the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland, ignoring Wales, Cornwall, Scotland, Isle of Man etc.

[@puraLusa]

@@santicarvalhido-gilbert8437 couldn't agree more, with a tiny correction, one can't call portugal or spain nation states, one should call just countries as its a closer reality of the definition. For example, spain is a country composed by several nations. And yes, I consider portugal to be an historical deviation, beaming it's own country and slashing itself from its nation with weird borders.

[@paracolit2012]

Viva Portugal!

[@lxportugal9343]

0:35 " *after the roman empire fall apart, Germanic people move into the peninsula* " It was not *after* . It fall apart because they entered. And Visigoths were actually serving the Romans at the beginning

[@manuelsanchezdeinigo3959]

¡Qué Viva el Reino de Pamplona Navarre y Casa de Jiménez todavía estoy aqui! ¡Qué Viva Gran Hispanidad! ¡Saludos desde Nuevo México ciudad del duque Burque! ⚔️🇪🇸🇺🇲🇲🇽⚔️

[@recalone]

Hey Gilbert, de Suebi en de Vandals waren germaans ja maar de Visigoths goten waren ook slavisch , als ik portugees hoor , hoor ik soms klanken die hetzelfde zijn als Slavische talen, zou dat achtergebleven zijn ? En ook dat Rome het spaanse gedeelte beïnvloeden met meer ‘Latijnse’ klank in de taal, … anyway rare zin maar ik denk dat je snapt wat ik bedoel 😂

[@user-vf3gf4xq3v]

My grand parents didn’t consider themselves Spanish. They consider themselves Asturian and Galician. They did refer to the Spanish language as Castellano. Granted they were born in 1894 and 1902 so that regional identity may have been more common back then.

[@bilbohob7179]

Sorry but you are confused... They probably didn't consider themselves Castilians. Nowadays the people tend to confuse Castillian and Spanish and Castilla and Spain.

[@user-vf3gf4xq3v]

No I’m very certain of how they felt and what they said to me. You’re making assumptions about people you don’t know. I’m certainly not the one who’s confused.

[@smllinaress]

​​​@@bilbohob7179 He's not confused; Spain as a unified nation-state was Castile's plan, much more than it was León's (pre-1492) or Aragón's (after 1492), or any other region in the Peninsula. Castile would "merge" with neighboring kingdoms, giving them a certain degree of autonomy in the beginning, and then it would slowly infiltrate itself in its neighbours' institutions, and corrode them from the inside, until making them lose their autonomy. That's what happened with the Kingdoms of León and Aragón. Therefore, Castile and Spain are synonyms. Greetings from Venezuela ;)

[@jaif7327]

@@smllinaress the spanish nation persecuted asturians during francos reign it totally makes sense

[@bilbohob7179]

@@smllinaress More than León??? Do you know wahatiberic king proclaim himself "Hispaniae Imperator" first? Guess... Even Portugal, yes Portugal wanted an unified Hispania. 1492? really not. The jabonism and centralism was a trend that came with Bourbons, it was a French tendency...never in the traditional way of Spain.

[@v.salles5643]

Maybe the real Spains are the friends we make along the way

[@espvp]

Your spanish pronunciations are on point!

[@JesusGomez-np7pd]

I like your Spanish-English accent, very lovely accent, clear and sútil

[@thecringekid5744]

We all know that Spain is one country today only because Argentina won the world cup in 1222

[@Luzitanium]

good to know Argentina still have internet despite socialism

[@pabloburgosserrano7142]

La Historia de Aragon, muy mal FATAL Ya existían los condados de Aragon, Sobrarbe y Ribagorza antes del Reino dé Aragon. No menciona la marca Hispánica

[@mrmarmellow563]

Hype 💞K o HONOR ‼️

[@hectorvivasjimenez9768]

Very good video! thank you from spain... just the little mistake about Juana son. Big hug!

[@Teno2001]

Reconquest by Christians

[@sevelofficial2696]

My professor who did his Ph.D about Aragonese history, confirmed your thought about Napoleon being the one to unify Spain into a Spanish identity. He said the artists of the time helped with this by highlighting the Moor troops under Napoleon as a way to show Spaniards that they all fought together to drive the Moors out and now they need to do so once again.

[@ceciliagonzalezgarcia9740]

😂 are you serious

[@soumn749]

El primer concepto de Nación Española data de 1580. La idea de nación española es mucho más antigua que Napoleón

[@amarlopezmagana7165]

Hoy en dia sigue existiendo la cuestion de la patria en la población. Hay mucha gente que se identifica antes con su comunidad autónoma que con el estado.

[@dcseain]

Having learnt all this in Castilian, it's always surreal to me hearing it in English.

[@Fast58Eddie]

Charles (Carlos) I/V was not Johana’s (Juana) husband, he was her son. Her husband was Philip the Handsome from the Austrian House of Habsburg.

[@adge5182]

The video is pretty good, ngl, though I think that the history in modern times has some important errors. 1) castille was the cultural heartland of the hispanic monarchy before the unification. All the Habsburg monarchs ruled over the peninsula from its capital, first Toledo and then Madrid. The language was already widespread in the whole peninsula even before, since medieval times castille had had a large population and, after the black death and several crisis in the other kingdoms, many of the population of Catalonia, Valencia, Aragón... Was replaced by castillian. Not the majority, but a good chunk. Castille was also in the center of the peninsula, which meant that it's dialect of Latin and later language was better to use than more periferic languages, like catalan. Basque was also in decadence at that times, and it was never a very widespread language. 2) navarra became part of castille in 1512 after Ferdinand of Aragon conquered it.

[@VeraDonna]

You should have mentioned the Iberian Union period (1580-1640), when Portugal was under the spanish crown. Still, this was a concise, easy to follow chronology of spanish history.

[@antoniopags1185]

Portugal was not under spanish crown but rather had the same king as spain. 🙂

[@albertteixidor]

@@antoniopags1185 Equal the Crown of Aragon, only share the same king than Castile.

[@jonoc3729]

@@antoniopags1185 Those two things are exactly the same, you wouldnt complain if he said that the kingdom of naples was under the spanish crown.

[@adge5182]

@@antoniopags1185 it was under the Spanish crown with its capital in Madrid. They were not the same state, but Aragón, Portugal and castille were part of the same monarchy, which was known by everyone as simply Spain (because Spain was all Iberia, no just castille and Aragón). In fact the first mention of Spain as a nation included Portugal.

[@Tusiriakest]

Portugal and Sapin had the same king.... Portugal was not under the spanish crown no less than Spain was under the Portuguese crown

[@santiagolloretmonraz4148]

Isabel of Castile was not the daughter of the reigning king at the time of her marriage with Fernando of Aragon, she was the half-sister of the reigning king. Also Charles the V was not the husband of Queen Juana, he was her son.

[@wolfgangpagel6989]

7:50 - The German word 'Burg' is a castle. The word for mountain is 'Berg'. Fortification would be 'Festung' or 'Befestigung'. You see, we have words for everything.

[@TheStickCollector]

One word. Conquest

[@alexandercellante7553]

Basically just explained centuries of the reconquista in just one word.

[@alexandercellante7553]

@@cerebrummaximus3762 Kind of

[@TheStickCollector]

@@cerebrummaximus3762 conquest doesn't have to be physical, I think

[@thorpeaaron1110]

​Political Marriages and Conquests so normal Medieval geopolitics.

[@carmen47freixas96]

I am not sure why they call Queen ISABEL... ISABELLA, that's Italian, she was ISABEL

[@jesusmanuelquesada7361]

Así es España, llevamos una mezcla de razas tremendas, jajaja 😂, Ibéricos, Fenicios, Cartagineses, judíos, Romanos, Visigodos y los Árabes sólo estuvieron 800 años, también sangre de nuestro hermano hispanoamericanos, ahhh orgullosos de todas ellas, España Loveeeeeee 🇪🇦 os esperamos a todos 🇪🇦 😉

[@saguntum-iberian-greekkons7014]

9:40 what are you talking about "technological weapon"? Can you be more specified? Did they have guns, artillery or nuclear weapons? And if they did had an advantage how so they still got beaten (while having a technological advatange)?

[@Jobe-13]

I never even knew Spain was ever once multiple kingdoms.

[@Smoking_Joe]

Catalonia, in the North East of Spain that borders the Pyrenees and the Mediterranean Sea and includes the Balearic Islands, still to this day speak their own version of Spanish with many different words. San Antonio in Ibiza is locally called Sant Antoni for example. They also regularly fight for their independence from Real/Castilian Spain.

[@Smoking_Joe]

@@pacxxy Agreed......I was replying to someone who wasn't even aware there was any difference of Spanish peoples and therefore was cutting out a lot of detail.

[@Smoking_Joe]

Galicia in North West of Spain is actually one of the Celtic Nations. A lot of people there are more pale and have lighter hair. I used to work with someone from there and that's what he told me.

[@malenaboy]

Live in Galicia, the nation has a closer kinship to Northern Portugal 🇵🇹

[@johnnotrealname8168]

@@malenaboy Well probably not anymore, they declared independence.

[@nomanor7987]

I never understood how the Arabs were able to conquer Visigothic Spain so easily, and with only 6000 men in one battle. How? It’s almost as bad as Cortez or Pizzaro conquering the Aztecs and Inca, were the Arab conquistadors as formidable as the Spanish conquistadors??

[@diegoalvarezpenalba4456]

Well, the Goths were in a state of civil war, the Muslims simply took advantage of the situation to rush across the peninsula. Actually, in most cases there was no confrontation with the natives. Many times the Muslims reached agreements with the local authorities according to which they would respect their Christian religion in exchange for the payment of a tribute and the delivery of troops. In this way, many of the structures of the Visigothic state remained intact during the first years of Muslim rule.

[@user-vo9wd6tx6c]

A lot of collaborators, most interestingly Iberian Jews.

[@thorpeaaron1110]

​​@@diegoalvarezpenalba4456n the early days of Al-Andalus Jews and Christians were treated relatively well under Muslim rule .

[@thorpeaaron1110]

​@@user-vo9wd6tx6cWhich was a smart move in the long run with many of these Muslim courts having Jewish advisors .

[@FaithfulOfBrigantia]

They occupied 6 main cities, and the maps just include all of Spain under muslim occupation.

[@andrewrobinson2565]

The Basques had to run and their ruler had all his Basques in one exit at Hendaye 🤔. Very informative +1.

[@Vllili]

What do you mean by morse?

[@IceSanta]

0:57 Well, the card says 'Moops'

[@themaniac2448]

Calling the iberian peninsula Spain is wrong since portugal exists Call it Hispania

[@tcbbctagain572]

Better yet call it Iberia

[@k.l3062]

Iberia is the Greek equivalent to its Latin counterpart hispania. Over time the H become silent and became Espania. Than there’s Spain a butchered spelling

[@quasarcaesar]

Spain as an administrative and cultural unit begins in 218 BC. with the Roman landing in Ampurias, it continues with the fall of the Western Roman Empire when the Visigoths entered the Peninsula in 476 and replaced the authority of Rome. Arab hordes invaded the peninsula from 711 AD, and the Goths and patricians began to be ruled by Arabs until the reconquest of the Iberian Peninsula began in 722 AD. by various Gothic towns that were displaced years ago from its borders. They were recovering territories and creating kingdoms just like Carlo Magno did in the north. The new Spanish kingdoms were expanding towards the south until they were unified in a single country, with two kingdoms, with the marriage of Isabel and Fernando. Castilla had centuries of experience in building new cities from scratch and was able to found a new world in America, the Philippines, etc... Aragon unified a multitude of kingdoms in the Mediterranean. When did Spain start? Spain began over 2,000 years ago with Rome, and Rome became the Bisigothic and Ostrogothic Empires, the Carolingian Empire, In France, in Spain, the Spanish Empire, the Holy Roman Empire, the Byzantine Empire ... Today the European Community. All of them are and will be Rome, today the European Community.

[@kahnfatman]

Wow -- Aragon! That sounds a lot like Aragorn! Any kind of inspiration here?

[@llbs2088]

jaume I

[@KrusssH]

I think it is important to distinguish 2 concepts: "Kingdom of Aragon" and "Crown of Aragon". They are quite different things.

[@Alejojojo6]

They are the same nominally as King of Aragon was also king of Valencia and count of Barcelona.

[@oriolpujolmartinez7268]

@@Alejojojo6 for tha sake of explaining it in a simple way, yeah, it makes sense. The reality is different. The Aragon they always talk about in this videos is the crown, not the kingdom. Valencia was part of the crown, but not of the Kingdom. Actually, there never was a real politic entity for the crown. Every kingdom was its own thing independent from the rest.

[@KangaKucha]

Wish it was 1 and called Iberia

[@lxportugal9343]

You don't know what you are saying

[@k.l3062]

The Latin equivalent of that term is already being used it just -hispania/espania. Although the question is what would be the next best thing. Not Iberia that’s a downgrade.