Italian Unification Explained

Italy used to be a collection of city states. Then Italian unification happened in 1861, called Risorgimento. And in this video I will explain how Italy Will Be United. How Italy became one country.
Credits
- Research: Mrs Scope
- Animation: rbbrduck.nl
- Audio: Seb. Soto
- Writing and Voice Over: Avery from History Scope
Social Media
- Discord: / discord
- Twitter: / scopehistory
- Instagram: / officialhistoryscope
- Facebook: / averythingchannel
Sources:
www.britannica.com/place/San-...
www.oxfordreference.com/view/...
www.aperturetours.com/blog/wh...
Sofia, F. - The promised land: biblical themes in the Risorgimento. Journal of Modern Italian Studies
Rao, A. M. (2012) Republicanism in Italy from the eighteenth century to the early Risorgimento, Journal of Modern Italian Studies, 17:2, 149-167
Gallo, F. (2019) The rise of the ethical state in Italy. Neapolitan Hegelians and Risorgimento political thought (1848-1871), Journal of Modern Italian Studies, 24:2, 244-265
The Italian Risorgimento: Transnational perspectives: Introduction. (2014). Modern Italy, 19(1), 1-4.
Forlenza, R; Thomassen, B. (2017) Resurrections and rebirths: how the Risorgimento shaped modern Italian politics, Journal of Modern Italian Studies, 22:3, 291-313
Battente, S (2000) Nation and state building in Italy: recent historiographical interpretations (1989-1997), I: Unification to Fascism, Journal of Modern Italian Studies, 5:3, 310-321
Basini, L. - Verdi and Sacred Revivalism in Post Unification Italy. 19th-Century Music, Vol. 28, No. 2 (Fall 2004), pp. 133-159
Ciccarelli, C.; Fenoaltea, S.; Proietti, T. - The effects of unification: markets, policy, and cyclical convergence in Italy, 1861-1913. Cliometrica (2010) 4:269-292
Davis, J. A. - The South and the Risorgimento: histories and counter-histories. Journal of Modern Italian Studies, 2014 Vol. 19, No. 1, 53-61
Barsotti, E. M. - Journal of Modern Italian Studies 2020, Vol. 25, No. 3, 273-294
Attributions:
Music by Antonio Vivaldi published in 1725; Recording conducted by Philip Milman; Funded by Ludwig Ahgren and Jschlatt, CC BY 3.0 creativecommons.org/licenses/..., via Wikimedia Commons

[@Kevin-cm5kc]

Man this guy loves unification

[@mickyc05]

Ireland next

[@user-it7pc5fs7h]

It makes the map look nicer what’s not to love about that

[@alexandrub8786]

Romania next,we have 2 unification so that must be temptimg for him.

[@lettuceman9439]

Shame about belgium existing

[@HistoryScope]

We're already working on the next one: the first unification of China. CHINA. WILL. BE. UNITED!

[@DiegoDiaz-vm9xx]

Important to note, Russia never abandonned Catholicism. They were never Catholic to begin with.

[@xcjsmith5310]

They are the true Roman faith.

[@paulsiam1859]

russia was part of the Catholic church until the east broke away to become the orthodox. around 1054

[@quintonjones7139]

@@paulsiam1859the Catholic Church was Orthodox until it broke away in 1054

[@thepotatope8021]

​@@quintonjones7139can we all agree that it was neither way, after rome fell the church was de facto split in two it was the schism that made it official

[@xcjsmith5310]

@@thepotatope8021 yup true, they cant agree on anything that time, Actually I want to ask we know the differences between Orthodox and Catholic but when did it become different ? since both are Roman in origin. Is it become the split East and West Roman Empire? but if split, shouldnt religion still remain the same?

[@anamationmax]

I love how San Mariano manage to stay out of Italian Unification. It a interesting little country.

[@ChristopherSobieniak]

It has a story to tell, and one that gave it it's purpose.

[@matteo-ciaramitaro]

Linguistically, they didn't create an italian language by combining the dialects of italy. Dante made a literary version of his dialect (tuscan) which was central to italy both geographically and culturally, and then popularized literature in that language which was continued by others. He did this not because of unification, but because he was in favor of literature being written in one's own romance dialect rather than latin. The ultimate result was that the language is based on older forms of the florentine dialect of romance and that literary tradition, which had spread to most of the peninsula hundreds of years prior to unification. The "dialects" did influence the italian language, but its very much florentine at its core.

[@gabrielgozzoli9100]

You are correct. See my comments above.

[@EneaXX]

Correct, but don't forget that, even the tuscan has been the core of the italian language, every writer of every part of Italy participated in the codification of the common language, both before and after Dante. It is interesting to see how this happened even in the absence of a common state, every person who aspired to culture knew that he could draw from texts in that language and that his audience would be those who read in that language, even if there was no reference state

[@leejacobus5305]

THANK YOU ! This was my quandary.

[@sexuarium]

His pronunciation fully resembles the fact that he does not mention Dante. (In the beginning, Dante wrote in latin.)

[@Zestieee]

i should point out the fact that the so called "dialects" of Italy were not (and still are not) all varieties of one same language. some of the "dialects" in the middle of the country (tuscany, lazio, umbria, partially marche) are more closely related to the tuscan language that became standardised as Italian. other varieties are not in fact as closely related to Italian. they all evolved concurrently and independently from Latin just like every romance language did. you can take Spain as an example: they have galician and catalan as well as the standard castilian, they're different languages that came from Latin too, and they're treated as such even by the country's constitution. in Italy this was never the case as regiona languages started to rapidly lose prestige with the unification, and many of them in the North are now at risk of disappearing. they are called "dialects" to give the impression that they're just a variety of the main language and they're not as important, and so lots of people (young people mainly) nowadays don't even see the point in speaking them or learning them, and it's understandable as they don't have any kind of use in our modern society, which is extremely sad. some regions that have more autonomy have special measures to preserve their languages (Friuli actually teaches their friulian language in schools i believe). i hope that someday more action can be taken in preserving, standardising and documenting all the beautiful languages that we have on our territory that are so overlooked by everyone.

[@shiny187]

In Sicily we speak Sicilian both at school and in everyday chats. What made Italian the first language is the tv. Without tv ppl would speak with each other in Sicilian… imagine that in every city of Sicily ppl speak a different Sicilian with a different accent (a nightmare). Sicilian is not recognized as official language and is not standardized so in any city we speak a different language

[@dolphin550]

That situation reminds me of how Chinese languages, like Cantonese or Hokkien, are referred as "dialects" despite being unrelated to Mandarin itself.

[@bobloblaw10001]

You kind of know what you are talking about but kind of also don't. Dialect vs separate language is a common problem in linguistics that isn't unique to italy. Dialect is not necessarily a bad word

[@owenhay7154]

this is the same with the Scots language which had a whole history of suppression and classism against it especially in schools. It isnt just a Glaswegian accent or slang, Scots itself is a full language and is as english as Swedish is Norwegian

[@Dark_Trinity.]

Brev!

[@quakquak6141]

to clarify about how different italian dialects are, we call them dialects but they are different languages, your average italian dialect is as close to italian as spanish is to romanian.

[@jstantongood5474]

Exactly. And Danish, Norwegian and Swedish are called different languages but in most of the world they're so close to each other they'd be considered dialects. Chinese dialects are as different to each other as French and Portuguese.

[@tahamuhammad1814]

And that's probably one of the reasons Italy took so long to unify, the people just weren't one nation. It should be noted however that this is similar to Germany (where Low German and High German are separate languages), France (where the most-spoken language was Occitan and French was just the language of the area around Paris), Spain (where the main languages were Arabic and the Arabized romance languages/dialects called Mozarabic). My point is that the linguistic unity we see in so many countries is often just the result of past or present goverment policies favouring a certain language using mass propaganda, education, and/or repression of certain languages in public life. These measures often lead to certain languages becoming taboo which causes parents to not teach the mother tongue to their children.

[@HistoryScope]

I just asked a Romanian about this and they say that they can understand Spanish quite well :D At least the basics.

[@tahamuhammad1814]

@@HistoryScope Really? Because Spanish and Romanian actually belong to separate branches of Romance languages. Comparing then is like comparing Swedish to English.

[@quakquak6141]

@@HistoryScope haha yes, I expected that, I wanted to make an example with romance languages but the problem is that there will always be someone who understand the other person, like italians understand spanish quite well while the opposite works but not as much.

[@BackgroundHistory]

Funny how two Dutch history KZbinrs can create a video on the same topic within 2 months of each other and still have a very different approach! Great video my guy, keep it up!

[@christophernakhoul3998]

Who is the other Dutch youtuber?

[@wilcolindeboom5588]

​​@@christophernakhoul3998that would be Background History, a small channel whose career I will watch with great interest

[@ewoudvanaalst4089]

AND both are animated

[@HistoryScope]

Wait. Which other one?

[@ThePussukka]

@@HistoryScope He must see to the future because I can't find any other Italian RIsorgimento videos from such recent timeframe.

[@eamonnroma]

You stated that at the Church Council (Vatican I) proclaimed the Pope to be infallible. You stated that he was infallible and could do no wrong. That is not so. The infallibility proclamation is that the Pope is infallible when defining Faith and Morals (dogma). In anything else, he remains a fallible human being. The video suggests that he is completely infallible. However. The video is great. Thank you.

[@HistoryScope]

Good point. I shortened it because the video was already too long. Although from the sources I read, this was in direct response to the protests in order to communicate to those protestors that he didn't do anything wrong.

[@HistoryScope]

I only put the things in the video that are relevant to the subject at hand. We don't go on tangents like that unless it's absolutely necessary. Hence why we don't include things like that in any video. It'll just distract from the important bits. If everything got that 20 second extra then this video would never get done

[@politicalqueso]

Vatican 1 took years of planning and was formed to tackle the issue of papal infallibility, it's limits, and what that means to Catholicism. They may have been trying to distract and deliberately confuse the people at that moment but there's no way they could've arranged the council in time for Frances unexpected and swift collapse against Prussia in 1870

[@thedemon0843]

@HistoryScope So your solution to not wanting the video to get too long is to outright misrepresent the truth and in the process annoy followers of the world’s largest religion? This is just another example of anti-Catholic bigotry. Shame on you.

[@justanotherguy3215]

​@@thedemon0843dude, chill

[@rickyp3996]

Insane coincidence, I was just learning about the history of the Renaissance yesterday and wondering how all of the different republics that made up Italy were unified

[@HistoryScope]

You are EXACTLY the type of person I wrote that paragraph for. I expect people who went on holiday to Italy or who wondered how city states became a country will be particularly interested in the topic.

[@mightyx5441]

Me too, i was world building history to a point were the Republican form of government is gaining support. Then this video came up

[@Lord_Of_Sins_Is_King_Asmodeus]

Bro, this video is very horror, this video appeared on my homepage when I was studying Unification in history books💀

[@mnlg_yt]

Italian here, I wanted to add one amusing tidbit about the conquest of Rome. As the Pope was being sieged, he declared that whoever would fire the first shot against Rome would be excommunicated. The Italian army asked a Jewish soldier to do that. Religious problem: ✔solved

[@thomasjohnson2862]

“We have created Italy, now we must create Italians” - would have been interesting to explore how the process of creating Italians has gone post 1861, with all the regionalism in the country to this day. I am aware of how long it takes you to make a History Scope video, so maybe in the time in might have taken you to make a video that long, Giuseppe Garibaldi could have invaded Sicily twice in that time.

[@alexzero3736]

Let me tell you how this went. The language problem was not the single one... Italy unlike Germany never had economic association, they had different currency and customs borders with industry connected to foreign trade ( especially in Lombardia- Venetia which was connected to Austria) and of course different laws... And Sardinian government could not imagine nothing better than expanding their own monetary and law systems on whole peninsula ( Basically the Unification was an annexation by Sardinia) this caused resentment and resistance, especially in Southern Italy and Sicily where brigands war started and mafia rised, also this region was the most agrarian and poor in Italy, hopes of South Italians for social reforms( labour laws and ban of child workforce) were dashed as strikes were pressed with force. Also Southern part was deeply Catholic and was not happy about what happen to the Pope. In time the South was pacified with troops and bribes ( mafia became legal all the way to the rise of Fascism). In Lombardia- Venetia industry was rebuilt and started to use imports from France and Britain, especially coal.

[@maxreebo]

Finally a good Italian unification video!

[@silvioponzio4287]

nah its riddled with BS

[@wordsofwisdom8587]

@@silvioponzio4287 Do you mind elaborating on the inconcsistencies so we can do our own research on it?

[@spaceengineeringempire4086]

@@wordsofwisdom8587 and he never elaborated on what he said. Shame he must of gotten removed by the Italian mafia for insulting Italy.

[@oli_3799]

hi! italian and literature enthusiast here. i loved the video, only thing i'd correct you on is italy did kind of have a universal language before unification, in fact it was theorized many times since the renaissance. they came up with using florence's dialect (which is basically today's italian). saying there were many dialects is not incorrect tho, since this unified language was only used in art, therefore only known to the upper class until in the 1700's rulers began implementing obligatory primary education

[@JohnSmith-rw8uh]

I thought it came from around Sienna.... Toscano obviously

[@e.gadd.1]

This explains a missing piece as I wondered how the country managed to create a universal Italian language that took on so quickly. It also makes sense as the video had said that art was already being used as a motus for unification. So there you have it

[@Crdmau]

This. Modern italians can understand centuries old literature because of this, apart from odd words. You can easily get what Dante wrote in XIII/XIV century (just more odd words), no translation needed, just some commentary.

[@pardop5628]

Very nice video as usual, keep up the great work! As an Italian, I hope you do not mind if I point out an oversimplification that I believe went a bit too far. CULTURE: while it is correct that the cultural movement of Risorgimento had an important role in pushing toward the Unification and creation of Italia as a nation, saying that Italian culture was kind of created right there and then is not correct. The idea of an Italian language goes all the way at least to the late medieval age with Dante Alighieri, Boccaccio and Petrarca. Basically, the dialect of Tuscany was considered the literary Italian and taken as lingua franca. While most people remained illiterate until the 20th century, those who went to school (nobles, upper bourgeois, priest ...) did learn Italian at least to a basic level. In sum, Italian literature was written in Italian language (Tuscan) everywhere at least starting from the Rinascimento (Renaissance) period. Incidentally, references to the "Italian unification" issue can be found already in the Divina Commedia: Purgatorio, VI, 76: Ahimè, Italia schiava, sede del dolore, nave senza timoniere in una gran tempesta, non più signora delle province ma bordello! (translation: ALAS, ENSLAVED ITALY, SEAT OF PAIN, SHIP WITHOUT A HELMSMAN IN A GREAT STORM, NO LONGER MISTRESS OF THE PROVINCES BUT A BROTHEL!). Thanks again for your work, looking forward to the next video :)

[@Trebor-17]

esattamente, qualcuno doveva pur dirlo

[@eolobrontolo9117]

I was too lazy to write it. 🤣

[@allo3573]

Esatto, è molto, molto semplificato, anche il fatto che Cavour non è stato menzionato, la difficoltà di potersi alleare la Francia a causa dei giramenti di cazzo e scelta di Napoleone III, il "tradimento" della francia durante la guerra contro l'Austria, come hai detto tu la cultura italiana non si è creata in pochi anni, non è possibile fare una cosa del genere, c'era già una base molto forte di identità italiana da secoli e qualche altra cosa, però sì, il video è comunque ben realizzato ci stanno degli errori ahah

[@emiliocremonesi2609]

Certamente !!! "Italy had no culture and no language of its own" : questo non si può proprio sentire !! Apprezzo lo sforzo di parlare di storia in maniera leggera per essere accessibile a tutti, ma bisognerebbe informarsi meglio ! Basterebbe, per rimanere in un contesto di leggerezza, digitare Google : "Letteratura Italiana"....e mi fermo qui. Exactly ! "Italy had no culture and no language of its own" : I could not read this!!! I appreciate your work to keep it easy to talk about history, so a large audience can listen to the video, but you should study more deeply the subjects you are talking about . It would be enough to search in Google "Italian literature" ....and I stop it here.

[@dondewitt8880]

I love learning about this history. As an American, most countries seem so "old" until you realize that Italy, as a country, is less than 100 years old. Germany is from the late 1800's. Turkey is from 1923. Eastern Europe is basically all 1990. Middle East was 1945-1970. India was in the 1940's. It's incredible to see truly how much of the world changed in the 20th century...

[@user-cv2ce8pl5p]

They are still culturly older and more original than all of the american contienent wich is ironicly named after an italian person (amirco fessboci)

[@Sophonizbah]

@@user-cv2ce8pl5pIt’s Amerigo Vespucci

[@user-cv2ce8pl5p]

@@Sophonizbah grazie

[@eolobrontolo9117]

​@@user-cv2ce8pl5pI was too lazy to write it. 😃

[@italiastoria]

It’s not a big deal, but 1861 is more than 100 years ago. And it’s the XIX century

[@thomasjohnson2862]

German unification in 1871 would be a great video, especially done by you, talking about how Germany WILL, BE, UNITED (never gets old, saying that) - you rock History Scope!

[@HistoryScope]

We will do that at some point

[@pablovelasquez6917]

That is not how the doctrine of papal infallibility works and its not the reason why it was declared. Papal Infallibility is the idea that the pope will not make mistakes in cases of proclaming doctrine, in what is called "Ex Cathedra". The reason they proclaimed it was to fight against the percieved "ideas of modernity" that were againts the conception of that time of the church and papal domains, that being a perfect society: "societas perfecta"

[@lpcanilla92]

I love your videos but man you have an anti-Catholic bias. Papal infallibility does not mean that the Pope "cannot do anything wrong", which is just simple misinformation or at best lazy research; it particularly means that under certain, very specific circumstances, the Pope can without error settle dogma regarding faith and morals. It involves a specific rite, a specific place (the Papal Chair), a specific subject (which is not politics) and a specific condition (accordance to either scripture or apostolic tradition). While this doctrine has been criticized from within and outside the Church, it has nothing to do with Italian unification. In case there is any doubt, the text which appears in the Dogmatic Constitution of 1870 reads as follows: "We teach and define that it is a dogma Divinely revealed that the Roman pontiff when he speaks ex cathedra, that is when in discharge of the office of pastor and doctor of all Christians, by virtue of his supreme Apostolic authority, he defines a doctrine regarding faith or morals to be held by the universal Church, by the Divine assistance promised to him in Blessed Peter, is possessed of that infallibility with which the Divine Redeemer willed that his Church should be endowed in defining doctrine regarding faith or morals, and that therefore such definitions of the Roman pontiff are of themselves and not from the consent of the Church irreformable. So then, should anyone, which God forbid, have the temerity to reject this definition of ours: let him be anathema." Edit: The real reason the Vatican Council was controversial and attacked the Unification was because it questioned the legitimacy of a secular state (and secularism among other philosophical trends) under Christian parameters. The states which distanced themselves were those who wanted to limit Church influence in the governments.

[@nathanwaterser8218]

38:32 Said last piece is Trentino - South Tyrol (Alto Adige in Italian) Trentino was populated mostly by Italians but South Tyrol to this day is mostly German-Speaking

[@bissigerwachhund4407]

But the italians settled many italians there and bozen (bolzano) for example is today majority italian.

[@Chris_winthers]

Grest to hear that the fr*nch made it ilegal to break the law

[@danumbert7983]

There definitely existed homogeneous Italian cultures.... These cultures are rooted in the history of each Italian region. Florence, Venice, Pisa and Genoa had their own well established cultures which influenced Europe for centuries.... Art, Music, Architecture, Cuisines of Russia, France, England, Austria were heavily impacted by Italians way before unification. 9:22

[@KeithBarnesLife]

Venice only became Italian in the 1797... La Serenìsima Repùblega de Venèsia existed for 1,100+ years before Italy.

[@danumbert7983]

@@KeithBarnesLife that's not the point I'm making.

[@Saddam_al-Husseini]

26:09 “He conquered Sicily in less time than it takes me to make a History Scope video.” - possibly my favourite line in this amazingly-scripted documentary, thank you so much History Scope 😍

[@HermanosLuDi]

I have looked and fascinated a lot of modern history. Each of these events have shaped countries to what led of what is of them today. For the case of Italy, I visited Rome and other major cities in Italy, this year. I remember seeing in one of the parks that they have a Napoleon III's statue (which helped to make possible Italian unification), and I saw the Altare della Patria (where Victor Emmanuel II is commemorated). I saw the statue of him and it was fascinating. I can see that some maps can be inaccurate , like for example: 17:41 the ottomans still owned most of the southern balkans and like Russia owned in part of the Caucasus. Also, it seems if France annexed belgium or like the 1848 map, but I understand that this video is mostly on explaining the unification of Italy, so I am fine. Overall, it is nice to see someone to explain more deep.

[@HistoryScope]

huh, that map thing is a very good point. We didn't actually check the non-Italian maps. We should put more care into that in the future.

[@tomasfinzi]

​@@HistoryScopeI loved the video, but some italian maps were wrong too

[@HermanosLuDi]

@@tomasfinzi Yea, I understand. But, it has to simplify it. I would understand san marino isn't included in like 7:50 or like at the very near end where it controlled also parts of now croatia and slovenia by Italy at the end of WW1 but only shows the modern borders (which was lost in WW2). South Tyrol is also a majority german speaking nation, a referendum would never have succeed if we go by self-determination by Wooldow Wilson, which was simply annexed and continues to be ruled by Italy today with some local autonomy. I can understand that maps should have some good details, but I am personally fine as long as I can understand the thing or concept.

[@thngvbts5182]

Altare della patria is not to commemorate Vittorio Emanuele 2, at least not today, it’s the monument dedicated to unknown soldiers

[@halwag]

Rewrite: I have long been fascinated by history, esp. Italy's. Each of its past events have shaped the country of I. today. ... All fascinating statues.

[@Space_and_history]

Italy must be united

[@gianb3952]

My last name is Italian and not that long ago, after wondering for years who my italian ancestor might have been I’m pretty sure I found him. My 3rd great grandfather was apparently born in 1838 in the Kingdom of Sardinia. It’s crazy to think these events were probably part of the reason he moved out across the ocean in search of a more peaceful life. But ultimately I just dont know…

[@straightrippnable706]

Islands are there!

[@Papirringos]

27:12 “The pope might be a predator, but he had no interest in becoming the prey” 💀

[@alexandrub8786]

To be fair the narator is dutch,a pretty anti-catholic people like the anglos.

[@HistoryScope]

@@alexandrub8786 Being against predators has nothing to do with being "anti-catholic"... It's just basic morality.

[@bulgarski_krastonesets]

​@@HistoryScopewhy do you think the pope is a predator you barbarian

[@Felipe-pk1nz]

@@HistoryScope Tell me how your calumny against the Pope ( either Francis or Pius) is morally acceptable or even mature, your unfunny pathetic joke was nothing but unjustified agression against the institution of the church and its followers

[@lettuceman9439]

Tbf that was in poor taste given how majority of the Catholic church is rather more vigilant than many denominations and other institution regarding pedophilia given they are a Billion catholic in the world and being bombarded with the same tired insult which was a cause of many factors and a direct result of secular encroachment into church politics is very much the definition of "midwit" politics. Idk but I love your channel and I myself isn't catholic but I do live within a majority catholic country and to qoute a friend "You have made a deafening silence amongst the truly Christian of the Catholic Faith by that same old joke and same old insult, The Consequences had already revealed itself in vindictive vigor"

[@SiVlog1989]

As a Brit, I fully understand that the most difficult (to those outside the region) dialect to understand is the one spoken in Merseyside, particularly Liverpool. I often found myself listening as closely as possible to someone from that region as the accent and dialect are so thick that others simply can't understand the locals. Eventually I got used to it and sort of became an interpreter to those who weren't used to the dialect

[@HistoryScope]

I feel your pain. I used to live near Liverpool (Huddersfield) and I thought I understood English fluently... It took me over a month just to understand even simple phrases like "morning!" or "bottle of water". Whenever British people with a thick accent come to the Netherlands, I often have to translate it for people as well. Even though about 90% of Dutch people speak English. While writing this script I kept thinking back to my time in the UK.

[@SiVlog1989]

@@HistoryScope I first learned how to understand it when I worked (to earn extra money while at University) at Aintree for the Grand National Festival in 2018 and 2019. Behind the accents, people from Merseyside are great characters, and I couldn't help but smile by the welcome they gave me after I started working there as a "race maker," (similar to Games Makers from the 2012 Olympic Games in London, so showing people round the place and offering advice for whee to view the action, etc). I'm still in touch with many of them today :)

[@SarahET]

I have not even watched the video for 10 minutes, but I must applaud you for the large increase in quality in your visuals. Good job Avery! (Sry if I misspelled it)

[@HistoryScope]

That's not me. That's the animator. I will let them know you said so.

[@SarahET]

@HistoryScope I finished the video and I wanna say The Italian Unification has become one of my favourite history subjects. Please keep making great content. I'm planning on becoming a Patreon supporter soon if the Patreon is up

[@TheboyInPurple915]

To me, Italy and Germany have always been interesting to me, they were once very divided, they eventually united, and they are important members of the European Union.

[@kokiddp]

i must point out the italian language was NOT invented in the 18th century. the first pieces of literature in italian date back to the 13th century, and it was used since as a common language in the peninsula alongside the dialects. most italian art and literature has been in italian language since Dante, Petrarca and Boccaccio, late 13th early 14th century

[@luizfellipe3291]

"It bacame illegal to break the law" "people die when they are killed" vibes LOL

[@babakush9772]

Thank you for this video and all your efforts!!! You make so great explanations and visualizations you deserve way much more attention, thank you for everything ❤️❤️❤️

[@TheboyInPurple915]

You know it’s a good day when History Scope uploads. And i like how Italy, France, Prussia and Austria were animated as chess pieces.

[@BeedrillYanyan]

There's another piece that I think deserved a mention: Corsica. Of course, they never could get it from France back then because France was too powerful. And by now, France is still very powerful and nationalism is no longer as fashionable today.

[@giovannimonttii9468]

istria is also missing but seeing what ended up happing in both places it's perhaps best left as a footnote

[@JohnSmith-rw8uh]

there is an independance movement in Corsica. so who knows. They should rejoin Italy, since their dialect is a tad understandable

[@qswaefrdthzg]

Those were/are not different dialects but properly different languages. What most people nowadays speak in Italy are regional dialects of standard Italian influenced by their native local language

[@MrBrainle]

i dont need sleep, i need, more history scope

[@TheDarthbinky]

"By 1918, all of Italy was finally ruled by Italians." Well... sorta.... The irredentists (Italians who believed in annexing territory that they thought historically belonged to Italy) believed that the Adriatic coast of what's now Croatia and Slovenia also rightfully belonged to Italy. The Allies promised to allow Italy to take that territory (which was controlled by Austria-Hungary) if Italy joined World War I on their side... and then "forgot" this promise when the war ended and allowed the newly formed Kingdom of Yugoslavia to take it instead. Mussolini and the Fascists came to power in the early 1920s in part by stoking popular rage at this "mutilated victory".

[@ciii4361]

Well yes and no, in reality Dalmatia had a really small Italian minority (very powerful, but small) and the Paris peace conference saw the fourteen points of Wilson been applied everywhere France and Britain didn’t oppose. And since Wilson didn’t signed the London pact (which should have allow Italy to conquer them) he didn’t want to impose it because was in violation of his points. Plus Italy didn’t conquer those territories, but Jugoslavia did and it also was one of the allies so it was a problem to allow a war between them. Finally fascism rise because Italian elites (in particularly Monarchy, Nobility and Confindustria) were extremely opposed to the agreements Giolitti’s last government made to end workers’ strikes, who, according to elites, gave them “too much rights” and so they saw Mussolini as a men capable of maintaining a great popularity while guaranteeing their interests against workers organisations (mainly left-wing but not only) and since these problems wouldn’t have been solved with Dalmatia (and less than ever with a war with a former ally to take Dalmatia) fascism would have rise anyway. The only difference could have been an even more brutal and long ethnic cleansing of Slavic people in that region. A part from that yes “mutilated victory” was a fascist talking-point, but no more

[@JohnSmith-rw8uh]

the fake country of croatia should give Istria back

[@ninab.4540]

Nice lie from the Musso team. Then again Fashies always lie.

[@NYCfrankie]

I'm Italian American from Bensonhurst Brooklyn born and raised but I have dual 🇮🇹 🇺🇲 citizenship and i thought this video was incredibly well done and well researched. Continuate così

[@NathanDayspring-re4ok]

"get atta there!"😂

[@blooming_serendipity_]

THANK YOU FOR THIS! I'm writing my finals from history in about 3 weeks, this is a godsend, never understood this unification till today

[@ginnorossi]

There are some errors, for example, there was the Italian culture, even if there were multiple nations in Italy artists, writers etc... moved freely into Italy and created a pretty united culture. Proof of that is presented by Italian people in foreign countries who lived in Italian communities not in Piedmontese communities or Sicilian communities...

[@radusahlean9809]

Long live Italy, the best country in the World! ❤️

[@djackmanson]

I have read that until the Catholic Church and the Italian state came to terms in the 1920s, the Church said it was a sin to even take part in Italian elections - that's how much they resented losing their worldly power.

[@politicalqueso]

The papal infallibility thing had actually been planned out years in advanced (3 or 4 years). it takes awhile to get the Cardinals from everywhere in one place. Everyone in Catholicism agreed on the central role of the pope but disagreed on how much. The capture of Rome rushed the end of the conference but clarification on papal infallibility was central to the outcome, not a last ditch effort to make the Italians go away

[@isabeljanes8230]

It also only concerned issues of faith and only those expounded in certain ways.

[@Max-ts1jx]

This was honestly one of the most thorough videos I've seen on Italian unification, superb job!

[@operaman1000]

I love all of your videos but I really love this one since I I'm a voice major and love Italian opera. Would have to you added a lot of contacts to what I've been enjoying for many years. Thank you!

[@alonxd3609]

Crazy how Guissepe managed to conquer an entire island before a History Scope finished a new video.

[@JIJCrow]

Romans:Do you guys think the people we are civilising won't attempt to come take over us?

[@RF_N]

Ostrogoths: we totally promise not not to invade.

[@JIJCrow]

​@@RF_N Byzantines: Don't worry we'll deal with you if you try

[@RF_N]

​@@JIJCrowLangobards: we'll just wait it out and do it at the right time.

[@mycosys]

Gaul: cmon, we love you guys!

[@theempireofall515]

Celts: yeah just leave though. We love you but please leave or we will force you

[@alarico9277]

On the culture chapter: there WAS native italian culture prior to Unification. Dialects, while heavily influenced by invaders, also developed independently from each other, creating their own vocabulary and slightly different grammar. Example: two towns less than 10 km apart may both be under the control of France but will have vastly different languages (like where my parents came from or where I and my friends are from in the Abruzzo region) Additionally, the Italian dialect you claim was created by artists was not a communal project; it was 90% the Tuscan dialect Dante Alighieri used to write the Divine Comedy. There was a big argument during the Renaissance called the Questione della Lingua (the question of the language) where various factions would argue which version of Italian should be used in literature. This is why Italian today functions better as a WRITTEN language, not a spoken one. On a final note, there was a lot of Italian music, artwork, and literature prior to the risorgimento, like the Decameron, the Courtier, the Prince, Commedia dell'Arte, the Renaissance painters and architects, and more Great video :) but I didn't like too much the lack of development the culture chapter gave the Italians pre-unification

[@juniorjames7076]

I love historical films, as this has been the best way for me to learn of the foriegn culture/country. Can you suggest some important ITALIAN films (produced within and outside) that best summarizes the turbulent era of unification? Luchina Viconti's The Leopard is one movie someone has suggested. Can you recommend others?

[@giulianoradice4715]

​@@juniorjames7076Senso (Luchino Visconti)

[@fourtables2855]

Unexpected History Scope video! Really enjoyed this.

[@jstantongood5474]

Most native English speakers cannot understand Scot speaking English unless they have prior exposure. For a non native it is practically impossible. Scots use completely different vowel sounds to other speakers and there are many expressions used only in Scotland.

[@samueldowney2806]

Wonderful video as always, thank you.

[@Moshie71]

Great post, really good overview of a lengthy period of history.

[@rikimaruakanomad2]

I knew I'd hear "will be united" at least once lol

[@adamnerd1236]

Love you’re videos man

[@LostLuke-xj8wx]

The conquest of south is almost wrong. 1 Piedmonties did not asked none help 'cause they've not build the plan, garibaldi alone did, alone he build the army and did all. The Piedmonties governemnt has only after comed to know all this and chosen to secretely support them and instead, officially, to not (they have also give the order to arrest Garibaldi, but late so he could leave state in time). Only after france accorded the conquest and left Piedmonties army to reach from north Garibaldi (and letting conquesting the marchigian part of the papacy) cause napoleon III had fear that Garibaldi could also reach Roma. 2 (that's about the final part) Trentino was not the only one missing: there was also the actual friuli and trieste, a lot of dalmatian cities like spalato and fiume (all the cities over trieste now are no more italian, cause all of the italians has been sent away or exterminated by yugoslavia in that cities) and also Corsica, that actually is allways been an italian regione and still is abithed by italians (for exemple napoleon baptism paper is wrote in italian, not even Corse dialect, italian.

[@PhilRable]

My father was Sicilian and my Uncle on my mother’s side was from very near the Austrian border part of Italy. Both came to Australia between the WWars. The only language these two good friends had in common was their version of English😂. The “Austrian” reckoned my Dad spoke North African and my Dad thought he spoke German. It was hilarious watching them debate any topic.

[@lawrenceamevor339]

Excellent work!!

[@napoleonibonaparte7198]

Unification is best. Secession is trash. Side note: I did make kings and princes out of those Italian republics later on. It is also divergent of Italy to not adopt the spoken language in Rome (as most countries did), or reviving and modernising an old language, Latin, like Israel. Piedmont-Sardinia didn't intend to form a united Italian republic, but just a united Italy.

[@Gino3mila]

As an Italian I subbed istantly

[@skurinski]

Trump is based

[@mattdaniel6071]

Great job! Nice video!!!

[@JohnSmith-uo4yk]

As soon as he said “ITALY WILL BE UNITED” I thought here we go again😂

[@HistoryScope]

We're also going to do a video about the first unification of China... be prepared for more!!! :D

[@esegggs]

The pope doesn't claim that he cannot make mistakes. Papal infallibility means he is immune from errors when speaking ex cathedra and means that he is immune from theological errors because of his position as leader of the Christian faith in the position set by Christ.

[@birch0398]

Tell me you don’t know how papal infallibility works without telling me you don’t know how papal infallibility works

[@playeriancu8575]

I don't think he mentioned that Italy must be united

[@PhilRable]

One of the best from this channel

[@lorenzod3667]

Italian guy here. Great video! 🇮🇹

[@TheLoreMastr]

“It became illegal to break the law” - History Scope 2023

[@goodphone156]

Thank you for all these informations!!!

[@combusean]

Liking and subscribing for taking the time to caption the video even though this looks to be interesting and informative. Thank you.

[@manolis67]

5:25 "it became illegal to break the law"

[@stiofanmacamhalghaidhau765]

a surprisingly uncommon occurrence

[@ragael1024]

"she was considered very beautiful... for her time." weird times, mate. at least she got the job done. probably using all 3 entrances :))

[@HistoryScope]

If there was a pause there I did not mean to do so. When I recorded the video I had forgotten what she looked like. In general when I record I have A LOT of pauses in sentences. If you've ever listened to the G-man from Half Life speak with random pauses in the middle of sentences, that's kind of how I speak when recording. I was probably just taking a breath in the middle of the sentence or something and the audio editor had to cut around that

[@alexandrub8786]

"People always be like "what 0 pussy does to a mf" but i've seen what pussy does to a mf and it's worse"-Pope Pius the IX after he hears why Napoleon agreed to the Italian unification

[@Nonman44]

Great video!

[@Sam-st5wj]

Tell me you don't understand the doctrine of Papal Infallibility without telling me you don't understand the doctrine of Papal Infallibility.

[@gtPacheko]

Viva Giuseppe! He made my nation independent here in Brazil in 1833, him and his wife.

[@kingace6186]

Great video. It goes very in-depth.

[@MM-un3ob]

Great, informative and easy to understand video. Grazie mille

[@annoyedbrox4851]

as an Indian i love your work, got to learn a lot about the good nation of italy today.

[@h.a.z.m.a.t5072]

5:25 I love the phrase “it became illegal to break the law” one to the quotes of all time

[@_mike628]

Still missing one island to unite to this day

[@jorehir]

I wish i could hear more of the previous attempts of Italian unity (not necessarily unification). But i understand it would take hours to research such introduction to the main story. Anyway, very enjoyable video.

[@GenesisProgressive72]

If you’re interested in it you might want to read about the Italic League 1454-1494, the first real attempt after the dark ages. It ended with the death of Lorenzo de Medici.

[@jasonbourne9819]

Awesome video. Well explained.

[@baronvonjo1929]

So.... in the end... Italy was united. Seriously I think a variation of that statement was said 15 times or something. I think it needs a shirt.

[@HistoryScope]

It was said a total of 8 times. Averaging once per 5 minutes.

[@baronvonjo1929]

@@HistoryScope Naw....Definitely 30 times

[@thisissoeasy]

Very interesting! Thank you!

[@andreagv3]

- Italian language was not composed or invented by anyone. Modern Italian essentially derived from the Tuscan dialect, simply because there were great works written in that language (starting from the 1300s, and academics and learned people could speak it. Italians were largely illiterate until the 20th century.

[@flazzorb]

"The pope ruled over christendom." Protestants, Orthodox and Oriental Christians, Syriacs, and Copts: 👁👄👁

[@MotDoiAnLac258]

Thank you channel for sharing interesting and interesting historical information

[@Chris_winthers]

He uploads!

[@ocpando]

Such a cool video! I love the way you explain things so simply and throughly. My great-grandparents migrated from Sardinia to Mexico and its still traceable in my 23and me DNA as specifically "Sardinian", which I found very interesting since I ignorantly thought that some of my DNA would simply be "Italian" and not specifically identified from one region. Thanks for spreading all this knowledge!

[@thedemon0843]

According to no mythology, it’s according to historical fact.

[@Crdmau]

We sardinians are very peculiar "italians". Our DNA is also peculiar. :D Look for some infos, it's interesting.

[@giuseppeargento4671]

Nice but unfortunately I think there are many inaccurate informations. Italian language start in 1300 with Dante, San Francesco and Boccaccio and even before in Sicily. A common culture was the leverage for the unification dreamed from many ages before

[@DavidWillisSLS]

“The Byzantine empire tried to take Italy, but they failed” I’m sorry what?!?! Justinian’s reconquest of Italy was not a failure. It recoqnuered all of Italy for the empire. It was only after Justinian’s death that the lombards invaded, and even then they couldn’t take any major cities

[@the_teufel9276]

I took a nap listening to this, my roommate unlocks the door and wakes me up right when ITALY GOT UNITED!

[@HistoryScope]

Apparently some people are using me as ASMR Scope to fall asleep... I did not expect that

[@qpdb840]

Great video

[@orhansense7282]

That "last piece" of italy is majority german speaking southern Tirol. At least at the moment of its conquest by Italy.

[@evelgent1847]

No!! You uploaded the video after I ate. I guess I'm saving this one for when I eat something later..

[@HistoryScope]

yes, you've had First Breakfast. But what about Second Breakfast?

[@psyxypher3881]

"Spaghetti, Pepperoni, Ferrari!" "I can't understand what these people are saying. Let's get out of here and let them make their own country."

[@JohnSmith-rw8uh]

Pepperoni is an american thing. Peperone in Italian is Bell peppers.

[@MoempfLP]

What's about the Italian speaking part of Switzerland?

[@Absolute_SolverProgram]

Fun fact: Aragon (Eastern Spain) had Sicily and Sardinia.

[@Myzagone]

Avery: . WILL. BE. UNITED.

[@micro666ham3]

Cool Video

[@Fox9582]

Whats the next unification? And how long do we have to wait? lol

[@HistoryScope]

China. We're researching it right now. It should be finished on May 1st. But we only upload 1 video per month so at the very very latest it will be out on July 1st 2024.

[@mcf-662]

I watched the first few minutes and honestly I'm quite blown away by the superficiality and straight up lies. What are your sources man? The city-states, maritime Republics in central and northern Italy, were NO puppet to any foreign countries. They were in fact quite powerful, independent and played a significant role in the Mediterranean trade and naval dominance. The Republic of Venice (La Serenissima) was a sovereign state that lasted for 1000 years.and existed since 700ad (circa). In the Middle Ages by comparison London and Paris were small urban centers. So much for being weak. Maybe you should give credit where it's due.