How Did they Build the Suez Canal? 1859 to Today: Extreme Constructions | Documentary

[@hansb.8]

Thank you for this history on the Suez Canal until now. It reminded me on my seafarer days back in the 70ties, working as a seaman in the German Merchant Navy. I travelled this Canal on my Journey to Japan and Korea in 1972 , a journey I never forgot. On our way back we were got up in Sandstorm blowing the sand through our working cloth right up the skin. A great adventure and I was only 17 years old.

[@cattnipp]

post your papers that prove it

[@hansb.8]

i have to proof nothing to you. who are you to ask for such a thing. If you ask nicely i give you name of ship and time period . @@cattnipp

[@احمدفوزي-س9ه]

How you travel through the canal in 1972 it was closed since 1967 due arab Israel War !!

[@hansb.8]

the canal was re-opened in 1975.i The "2" was typo error on my side @@احمدفوزي-س9ه

[@charlesburgoyne-probyn6044]

It was closed in 1972 with the yellow fleet trapped since 1967 indeed formed a de facto border between Israel and Egypt at the time so either a mistype or a lie

[@astridvallati4762]

When I was six y.o., I travelled to Italy from Australia on the MV Sydney; ( Flotta Lauro) and passed through the Suez Canal in December 1955. Arrived in Port Said at night. On my return to Australia ( late 1956, again on the Sydney) we saw the US ?7th Fleet and the British Mediterranean Fleet gathering off Port Said. We were the last convoy Southbound to pass through...we got the news on board whilst in the Red Sea that Nasser had blocked the canal ( British-French- Israel intervention). At seven years of age, I still can visualize the Railway Swing Bridge, the waterway itself, and the crowds of small boats around the ships in Suez harbor. Still have some photos of both passages...67 years ago...

[@clutchmanly1147]

Wow, that'd be great to see those photos.

[@tomatodamashi]

Incredible. An hour long explanation that conveniently skips the questions I wanted answered. How was the water held back while building it? And how was the water released safely once finished?

[@glendalefernandez4858]

You are stupid. No brainer 😂 Hahahahahahahahahhaha

[@bobz1736]

Confusing timeline... why not just tell the story chronologically rather than constantly jumping back and forth... ?

[@SamuelLanghorn]

hey my friend , you stole my line

[@chucku.farley3927]

its for dumb people

[@Johnny-w15]

Sailed through the Suez Canal a couple of times both ways on type 23 frigates of the Royal Navy, very impressive

[@walter2990]

It being opened in 1869 just blew me away. I hadn't known this, prior to this video. I'm old enough to remember several of the wars in the area, and I hope that all of the regional players can understand the importance of this waterway.

[@urbanurchin5930]

Another engineering project - in the U.S. - also opened in 1869 ! ......it was the Trans-Continental railroad - which was joined at Promontory Point, Utah

[@yversenyelrezzifeu2401]

Exactly my thinking!

[@simontaylor2319]

...."the cutting edge of technology"......is a most apt word considering the work being carried out

[@skpodtar3087]

Very interesting video on Suez Canal. Felt excited tu watch this video 🎉🎉

[@boon2all]

😊I got to assume the dredger wasn't named the I.B.N. Battuta, but was infact called the Ibn Battuta, as that was a famous traveler that explored most of the old world.

[@emiralamsyah9668]

Have sailed through the Suez Canal (as a deck cadet) on a general cargo ship, in 1975, it was first reopened. From Port Taufiq to Port Said. Amazing. Nice Videos.

[@cattnipp]

prove it

[@stevenwatsham5973]

I first went through the canal on the BP Tanker British Loyalty in the November of 1977.. Those steam dredgers were still in operation then.. I can never forget the noise of them.. squealing and screeching like something from the pits of hell..

[@mannyespinola9228]

Thank you for this video

[@felixthecleaner8843]

A very interesting vid!

[@roymathew4957]

Amazing. Got more about suze history. Thanks

[@jerrywatt6813]

Mind_ boggling engineering i had no idea !!

[@rescuepetsrule6842]

You may enjoy the shows about the Chunnel (underwater tunnel between France and England- mindboggling) and the Panama Canal, too. I think it's the vision of men that can see how to create such things that impresses me most. Boulder (Hoover Dam and Mt. Rushmore videos are awesome, too. Enjpy!

[@HansWurst-bf4qg]

I wonderd so many Times how they built this back then. Thx for this documentary and thx to the algorhytm to. Perfekt timing to watch before going to bed.

[@veldawells2839]

Staggering feat of ingenious engineering from mid 1900s to today 2024. Excellent history of Suez Canal. A shame the documentary didn't talk about the people of mid 1900s who excavated the Suez, like where they come from, how they died and photos, and what if any their descendants if if they work on the canal today. Thoroughly enjoyable history doc.

[@JayKarpwick]

The 1860s are the mid-1800s, not 1900s. But yes, that's the 19th *century.*

[@researcherextraordinaire8867]

Why is it when you google original construction photos of the Suez Canal all images are drawings or paintings and not photos? I'll tell you why. Because the original Suez canal was old world construction which happened well before 1859. Yes there were cameras in 1859. The first camera was invented in 1816 by Joseph Nicephore Niepce. Question the time line narrative folks. We've been lied to on a grand scale.

[@bigjay875]

I would have thought that the company that owns the canal owned or would have bought a few of the old giant drag line shovel that went for scrap in the 80's to permanently work they're way up and down, back and fourth to keep the sand at bay

[@parsonscarlson7984]

That would take too much common sense unless it was unfeasible.

[@RCAvhstape]

I love that they named the dredger Nicollo Machiavelli.

[@bluegent7]

N.M. was, and still is, a recognized historian, e.g. on the Repulic of Florence. The Prince, for which he modelled a Pope of his relations, is only one of his works.

[@مرادمحمدصبري]

Thanks a lot

[@kitsune5746]

I swear. People in 90s and 80s are built different

[@t5ruxlee210]

The 19th century minimalist start to the small proto Suez canal in Egypt and proto Trans Siberian Railway "right of way" in Russia were both the work of conscripted serfs serving their ruling despots. What they accomplished with little more than their bare hands gave later foreign investors the confidence to fund the expensive machinery and other logistics required to successfully complete both projects going forward.

[@krishnamurthy6661]

Japan created wonder❤❤❤❤❤

[@berosi]

Hi there and thanks for the video. Btw it's the "Mediterranean Sea" not the "Mediterranean Ocean"

[@julyseven808]

Great work.

[@GSSurry]

Difficult to hear with background music

[@plowmaster1206]

Dont really need to hear it when you have to read 9/10ths of the dialog.

[@WyomingVet]

Odd I didn't have any problems hearing anything.

[@mohammed_wari]

There is no problem with the music 🎶. The voice is 100× louder than the voice so what again? Sorry if I hurt you.

[@bengtsoderberg4286]

remarkable work! Really interesting, and HOW MANY are employed in the projekt??

[@skylarsoper241]

I hear it all just great AirPods Max 😊

[@jackket6708]

Vraiment une belle video. Elle nous montre comment le canal de suez etait construit et opere depuis sa conception par Ferdinand DeLessep jusqu'a aujourd'hui durant la paix et apres le deux guerres recentes. Le canal est le temoin du genie civil francais et la cooperation avec le gouvernement d'Egypte.

[@johncharley9791]

Those that control the Suez canal will influence world markets and huge price changes.

[@wilycat5290]

Fascinating 🤔

[@williamcarter6433]

My ship was part of the first United States Navy nuclear task force to transit the Suez. There were three ships. Two cruisers and an aircraft carrier.

[@oldpossum4860]

Splendid documentary. Good primer on dredging, fascinating engineering history, political history. Should be compulsory viewing for marine engineers and naval architects everywhere.

[@lightstar1053]

It did not separate africa and asia It separated africa from africa All this money for production and you get that basic facts incorrect

[@OmarElAraby-]

What ? ... Are you a US citizen?

[@lightstar1053]

@OmarElAraby- yeah so what? It doesn't take east africa off the continental plate

[@gordonpeden6234]

Hats off to Ferdinand de Lesseps. Well done the French! Visionaries. That said, I didn't know the pharaohs had dug a huge canal, centuries earlier. Well done.

[@Sergecalifornia]

A French company build to Canal. The Suez canal company. Was given a 99 year lease to build and operator the canal

[@fredflintstoner596]

Mrs Richards: "I paid for a room with a view !" Basil: (pointing to the lovely view) "That is Torquay, Madam ." Mrs Richards: "It's not good enough!" Basil: "May I ask what you were expecting to see out of a Torquay hotel bedroom window ? Sydney Opera House, perhaps? the Hanging Gardens of Babylon? Herds of wildebeest sweeping majestically past?..." Mrs Richards: "Don't be silly! I expect to be able to see the sea!" Basil: "You can see the sea, it's over there between the land and the sky." Mrs Richards: "I'm not satisfied. But I shall stay. But I expect a reduction." Basil: "Why?! Because Krakatoa's not erupting at the moment ?"

[@JayKarpwick]

Fawlty Towers - One of the funniest comedy series ever made!

[@fredflintstoner596]

@@JayKarpwick YOU IS WIT NIT FORGET ABOUT THE HORSE YOU KNOW NOTHING !

[@nilo9456]

1) I've known a little bit about the geopolitical situation and the subsequent constitution in the 1860. Seems I only knew a very little. 2) It appears that this video was made prior to the Evergiven grounding, ironic to see Evergreen shipping in the video. 3) It seems there is a constant tension between how big a vessel can be made and how much time and money can be devoted to the mantance and expansion of the canal.

[@fabiodeoliveiraribeiro1602]

This documentary says that thousands of manual workers died during the construction of the Suez Canal, but its focus is not the humanitarian tragedy. All the attention of those who watch the documentary is drawn to the success of the technologies created to accelerate the construction of the original channel and used to expand it recently. In the "business as usual" world, machines have life and are revered as if they were living beings. But the poor workers who died have no right to be humanized. No one needs to know their names, how old they were and what the details of the deadly accidents were? Did their families suffer? Are there any descendants of theirs who could give testimony? These questions were considered irrelevant, because as if it were a Pyramid, the Suez Canal devoured the lives of thousands of manual workers and their stories as well.

[@krishnamurthy6661]

Its the Japan created Technology wonder❤❤❤

[@ToyMarston]

Canals into the #African #desert and building islands with extra #sand, possible bridge of islands from #Africa to #Brazil ? #China

[@BarryFurey-ez3kc]

I only know of 3 ship canals in rhe world this one Panama and Manchester ship canal wonder if there is any more

[@nimmichagger165]

Idiotic editing - why not just tell the story in its correct timeline. Ridiculous jumping back and forth in time.

[@johannobel9696]

Impressive

[@hmzdu]

That's the most ambitious time for human beings, America built the transcontinental railroad and Egyptians dug the Suez canal ❤

[@infinitecanadian]

The British did.

[@mastertubbily1812]

@@infinitecanadian With forced Egyptian labor

[@infinitecanadian]

@@mastertubbily1812 Slavery was outlawed by then; the labor was paid for.

[@janetcohen9190]

Did you forget the Romans? They built roads across North Africa, Middle East, Asia Minor, Europe, Britannia, along with ports, river navigation, etc. The romans also built canal between Nile and Red Sea.

[@بدوناسم-ل7ب9ف]

​@@infinitecanadian The price for what, you idiot. Thousands of farmers died digging the Suez Canal. Do not lie too much and do not dream that the Egyptians have forgotten what happened. The French and the English will both pay the price in due time.

[@jamesmason8944]

How does the water not seep thru the sand.?

[@screaminj3371]

Ads every 4-6 minutes? You're at an all-time low, KZbin.

[@infonut]

Put your money where your mouth is.

[@humanbraininrobotbod]

Oh wow I very badly want to drive one of those mini-freighters!

[@clutchmanly1147]

I hear you. If that was a Disney ride, I'd ride that ride first.

[@ProBloggerWorld]

The simulator at 45:00 is fascinating.

[@sifridbassoon]

Ooh, I like the pharonic caps.

[@infonut]

Are there sharks in the waterway?

[@martinlintzgy1361]

Oh, please, why must these fascinating documentaries have the loud annoying music? 🙄

[@ToyMarston]

Building another #Panama canal not connected to mountain lake with one lock ? #China

[@EkoPrasetyo-kn5cf-KNIFE]

😲Sungai BESAR saja di keruk .. agar Tembus Ke SeeaL, Land' 🤦🏻‍♀️👍🏻👍🏻🏌️‍♂️🤝🏻

[@davidlium9338]

There is a terrific movie about this named Suez.

[@onceinafricatravel]

❤ interesting to know ❤

[@cnutwycliffesson]

just getting started but by 3:50 my questions are: How much did they pay the workers, with "deaths of thousands of men" among them, and; Did the people living in Suez ever get asked for their consent to have this thing built? Are they free to move across it? Let us find out!

[@cnutwycliffesson]

8:45 where are they getting the water for this?

[@cnutwycliffesson]

oh 16:58

[@cnutwycliffesson]

19:17 has this dork ever heard of cable tv, the internet, the mobile phone, the smart phone, AI, ecocide, climate change...?

[@cnutwycliffesson]

29:48 has the colonial history of egypt been really laid out in any real way at this point? did that slip by me? why are they celebrating in paris? hmmmm???

[@dannyboy-vtc5741]

Who would da fuck care for egyptians at that point in time? They were just turkish slaves back then, i bet the french were paying a bottle of cognac to turks per tonne of egyptian slaves and poms probably a bottle of whiskey stolen from irish slaves. Why do you even mention egypt from that time, it was just a backwater province of istambul, they didn't matter at all, not their project, they were just free workforce, if not them there would be indians or arabs or whoever from other weak nations that were easily conquered.

[@deepdiver51]

Completely disjointed. Why not start at the beginning and explain how the original canal was built and then go on to explain the new section.

[@parsonscarlson7984]

I agree. I also hate the rapid moving of screen images so that the viewer cannot digest the first before he's hit with another. Unfortunately, this the norm for advertisers, video makers, and most other visual media and has been for a couple of decades. It wasn't like this back in the day.

[@zcam1969]

Egypt was not a desert in the age of Pharaohs it was a lush grass land .

[@nickgeorgie1957]

It’s the Mediterranean Sea, not the Mediterranean Ocean!

[@curtisharlan9230]

Do all of you people understand 25 of December

[@TheBOFAcookie]

SUEZ CANAL “In 1863, after several years work had been spent on the Suez Canal works, the canal was in a very bad way indeed, and but for the timely help the operation would then have been entirely suspended. The progress made up to this point was trifling and superficial, French methods and machinery being quite unequal to the requirements. M. de Lesseps in his dilemma, communicated with the late Walter Montgomerie Neilson, of Glasgow, and a deputation of French engineers was sent to the Clyde to inspect the system there of excavating and dredging. Following on this, M. de Lesseps introduced a staff of Scotch engineers and qualified workmen; contracts being entered into with the former for the completion within five years from 1864 of that part of the Canal which had proved most troublesome. To save the credit of France as the sole constructors of the Canal, M. de Lesseps, in 1865, after suitable machinery and plant had been laid down and set to work, and eventual success made certain, made overtures to the gentlemen named to ensure concealment of their engagements. He offered to take over all machinery, tools, etc. This was agreed to. Thus did the diplomacy of Ferdinard de Lesseps ensure an apparent success for the French www.genealogy.com/ftm/s/t/a/Simon-Stanley/WEBSITE-0001/UHP-0225.html

[@joemag6032]

How did you get KZbin to leave your comment intact, even though it contains an external link ?

[@marcusothman3435]

It's Ibn Batuta...not I.B.N Batuta!!

[@marcouellet3224]

The fish must freak the fuck out

[@BlazingShackles]

Why can't French people speak English like every other European?

[@justadildeau]

😆 the answer to your question is within your question. They are French!

[@atsipan]

Egypt: we need 8 billion euros to reconstruct the canal The people: 💸 💰

[@parkerbond9400]

Wait, if they opened a second canal how come the evergreen ship was able to shut it down?

[@ZaberBiest]

So far I understood, the second canal was only on a section of the whole canal.

[@ThatOneGoatGuy]

>build whole second part of canal so it can never be blocked >Ship gets stuck in the one part of the canal where you didn't build a second part because it's so short >Cry

[@olsim1730]

​@@ThatOneGoatGuyLol..the whole canal is nearly 200km long...the bypass looks to be a bout 5 or 10km 😅

[@sabotagesabotage7927]

So I imagine during the construction and dredging they discovered oil on the banks of these countries and now they’re trying to hide it and take it over.

[@jimgraham6722]

The current one is the second or possibly third canal. I understand the last ancient canal was built by Pharoah Ptolemy 2. It remained in use for about 900 years. Its last documented use was in 767 AD.

[@raymond3803]

The Suez Canal is 110 miles long and dead level flat from one end to the other. No locks or steps. What does that tell you about the shape of earth?

[@jerrymartin3965]

There have been literally dozens of canals in Egypt over its long history, but none directly connected the Red Sea to the Mediterranean. The Suez was the first to do that. The Red Sea was connected to the Nile which led to the Mediterranean in at least three different places under different dynasties. The first is believed to be about 1850 BCE. Even Darius I of Persia is said to have built a canal there.

[@jimgraham6722]

@@raymond3803 That gravity acts right tangentially to the Earth's surface. It is what you would expect for a spherical planet.

[@raymond3803]

@@jimgraham6722 Wrong! On a sphere of given size, there would be 1.5 vertical miles of drop , or curvature, from one end to the other. The only way for the Suez Canal to be dead level across 110 miles on a globe, would be for construction at both ends to equally excavate down. Gradually getting deeper until the canal met in the middle 3/4 of a mile below natural ground. Do you see that? No! Then earth must be (4 letters that starts with F) Do you global morons realize curvature, or drop, on a ball is progressive? Meaning every time they come out with a transit that can read further. It would throw off every previous land survey ever completed. They would all be worthless. For example, Top Con claims their laser level is accurate to 1/2 mile. Survey 1 mile requires 2 steps @ 1.67"/step = 3.34" drop in 1 mile. Suppose in 2040, they make a transit that can read 1 mile @ 8" drop 1 shot/step = 8" drop in 1 mile. That's 4.66" of error surveying same mile based upon 16 years of technology advancement. Yet all surveys old & new check true. No matter what equip is used. FACT!

[@raymond3803]

@@jimgraham6722 NO! I, and any professional surveyor, would expect to measure approx. 1.5 miles of vertical drop from one end to the other.

[@TinLeadHammer]

Mediterranean ocean?

[@jbyrd655]

Thank god the era of these global catastrophes is nearly over...

[@edwardcarberry1095]

As Deflageration has been used for a lot of years , it may have been made obsolete! This method uses a Nuclear boring which melts the rock and material so that they then become the walls of the tunnel. As there are some 32,000 miles around the world.

[@robbannstrom]

Sounds like somebody has already Nuclear-Bored your head.

[@RCAvhstape]

@@robbannstrom He has an idea you don't like, so you decide to be rude and insulting.

[@robbannstrom]

@@RCAvhstape He has an idea which is completely unworkable, so pulling his leg is the least insulting thing I could think of. Evidently, YMMV...

[@luckygame8718]

Vive la France 🇨🇵

[@suecollins8199]

So, why did the 'Evergreen' get stuck??😢

[@alschroeder1724]

Love KZbin!!!! 14 commercial ads in a 51 minute video....Do they not realize no one actually watches these.....One every 3.64 minutes!!!!

[@facts3442]

Excuse me? From the first line you said THE MEDITERRANEAN OCEAN😂😂😂 HAHAHA.

[@markhill9275]

Well, the Egyptians have proven to be the greatest builders through the millenia! Awesome work our Egyptian brothers and sisters! Aussies luv ya!

[@lazloperry5242]

Aussie here. I hate Egypt.

[@brunol-p_g8800]

It was engineered and built By the French, not the Egyptians…

[@IrishBiteGirl]

It was engineered by the French. They just got the Egyptian government to once again use forced labor for the manpower to do it.

[@bharamurayar3025]

Irritating background music😢

[@ray.shoesmith]

de Lesseps went from hero to zero when he took on the Panama Canal

[@stevie-ray2020]

Was going to point that out. Having struck so many problems with the Suez Canal & almost failing, it seems rather daft to even consider that a sea-level canal would be possible in Central America!

[@russlehman2070]

Panama was a much more difficult task. The Suez canal is basically a big ditch through sand. It was necessary to move a whole lot of sand to get it done, but that was it. The Panama Canal was largely in rock, and required dams and locks. To me, the Panama canal is a much more impressive feat of engineering than the Suez.

[@CyPhi68]

Read "The Path Between the Seas" by David McCullough. Excellent read. Approximately the first half of that book discusses the French attempt to build the Panama Canal. The behind the scenes in terms of politics and money was rather ugly. Teddy Roosevelt came along and straightened that out with his own brand of behind the scenes intrigue, including the creation of the Republic of Panama from what had been part of Columbia.

[@brunol-p_g8800]

Yes and no, the Panama Canal was a more arduous task, after the hardships of building a levelled canal the French developed the idea of building a multi/level canal, but everything was dropped for mostly political reasons. The USA came later, took what the French had begun to build, their engineering and idea of a multi-level canal and just finished it.

[@ryanpauloneeyed9669]

Too much jumping for no reason. Would have been more effective and digestible if you would have kept it more chronological.

[@paulstewart6293]

I've been through the Suez but the best canal was the Panama canal, it was far more interesting.

[@clutchmanly1147]

For sure the Panama Canal is a much prettier cruise and the engineering required much more extensive. Still though, the Suez Canal is a major accomplishment for all involved and worthy of awe.

[@Cripplehorse]

The first four minutes is wasted by telling us what we're going to hear instead of just telling us. The verbosity of the entire documentary could be cut by 40% making the broadcast more interesting.

[@chiggs5904]

As with all modern documentaries , this one too is ruined by adding annoying and too loud dramatic music .

[@tehallanaz]

❤

[@singendertanz5075]

Its a pitty that it seems not possible to evolve and develop such a film strighter and with more Conduction! So it is a chaotic noise Event with awfull repetitions etc...

[@sarcasmo57]

A man, a plan, a canal, Suez.

[@tomlepski8306]

Can the Suez Canal handle a US Aircraft Carier the size of the Gerald Ford?

[@Johnny-w15]

Nimitz class sails through it so ??? Probably yes

[@tomlepski8306]

@@Johnny-w15 Can the USN GF sail through the Suez Canal, yes or no?

[@Johnny-w15]

@@tomlepski8306 yes you tit , yes or no me like an a kid Gobshite

[@ronvanwegen]

I think a little more time should have been spent on discussing the lives (and deaths) of the tens of thousands of both voluntary and involuntary workers. What a hellhole they had to work in. A sad omission.

[@RCAvhstape]

Sounds like you're volunteering to make your own documentary. Can't wait until it comes out.

[@michaelkatrancha959]

I bet you’re super fun at parties

[@sealard2279]

​@michaelkatrancha959 how original

[@PortsmouthCherokee]

Than YOU make a video

[@coloradostrong]

_Then_ not "than" @@PortsmouthCherokee

[@forbiddencrystalinternet6201]

45:21 Jean-Paul JeanJean that's really his name? That's like if an American had to suddenly come up with a fake French name, 'My name? Why, yes of course its...Let's see here... its...Jean-uuuuhhhhh...Paul....uuuhhh..Jean....um...Jean?'

[@lowerquadrant4647]

In Egypt, of course, volume is measured in Cheops' Pyramids.

[@terryyakcm3705]

*Not the "best method" to **_show & tell_** a story.* I still dislike it when documentaries "show me pictures while expecting me to read a text" _at the same time._ Even more so when all I had was cable/antenna, and had only one chance to do one or the other, and could not go back to "do both". (watch & read) Sometimes it's a hassle, but at least now I have the option to watch it as many times as I like.

[@wotviewer]

disappointingly superficial given the title: how did they build it

[@robbannstrom]

With a big bucket and spade.

[@RoyvanArem]

37:20 the Mediterranean Ocean.. 🤣😂🤣😂

[@plowmaster1206]

Read all about the suez canal with our subtitle intensive documentary, between constant bombardment of intrusive, offensive, unusually long advertisements.

[@derekbentley334]

Found in money's coins and currency given realization of 7.07 better in different configuration with current tech

[@markpalmer7832]

Child's play ,next to the Panama Canal.

[@danielleclare2938]

Where did the name Suez come from??

[@kenkahre9262]

It is an old form of Arabic that mean "licorice". The city port of Suez dates back to antiquity, but in the 7th century was re-named to "Suez". Even back in antiquity, they were using it as the head port of a canal down the Nile to somewhere.

[@FUNKINETIK]

What about Zagazig? such a brilliant name : )

[@derekbentley334]

Under water volcanoes and polar ice melt? All plans should consider rotating mass

[@coloradostrong]

Oh my sheeshness. I'm going back to Gomer Pyle or something.

[@MegaReception1]

Suez was Mr. Lesseps high point and Panamá his low point. There's no comparison between the two.

[@mikenethery9418]

Clear as mud...must have been made in the sixties.

[@ianoliver3879]

Why is the commentary referring to things in the past in the present tense?

[@Zorglub1966]

it's a common feature in documentaries and history dedicated books.