How Did This Ancient Indian City Disappear? | Flashback with Palki Sharma

[@Firstpost]

What do you think happened to India's ancient city of Muziris? Comment below and join the conversation.

[@gokulkrishna2667]

Kerala had massive cyclones and floods which had drowned so many areas.. there are areas where water went back to seas and backwaters. My area Nadakavu was under the backwater and came into existence when the water went away. So it's a common thing. Maybe taking areas and gifting or putting the areas back are natural processes in this region that might be happening once in a millennia. ASI should wake up, recruit and train people and stand up from their chairs to do what they are supposed to do

[@Yachid]

💥 17050 💥 a1 🧡 Palki Sharma Upadhyay 🧡 Tigress of India Palki Sharma Upadhyay: (?) RU the 'Real Palki~', 'will the Real Palki~ please standUp' (?) Y iz there an imposter (FAKE 'Palki~') on Y-O-U-R show - - - I DownThumb'd ALL the 'FAKE Palki~' show'z! we want : "Tigress of India" merch~ Yachid Yada Meir Zara @ Rosquin Empire: Umm El Madayan

[@dreamsjorlymn2364]

Palki Sharma please come back to Vantage 🥺

[@anaesthete5592]

Flood

[@Yachid]

@@dreamsjorlymn2364 I second that

[@badbad-cat]

South Indian history is largely forgotten or uncovered but Firstpost and Palki picked it up 👍🏻

[@KV0105]

Tamil history to be specific. They are Cheras , Tamil Kingdom

[@Smarty-tz1jt]

why not just Indian

[@Abhilash-.]

@@KV0105 Muziris was in Kerala anyway everything is in Bharath india

[@silentwatch7643]

Yes why not? But as a Malaysian Tamil, we are constantly reminded how black and disgusting we are They deride us every single day.Findings like this make us feel proud. North and South should unite. Must!!

[@shreechawre72]

@@KV0105 well. Looks like we have a separatist here. Saddening.

[@henboker3]

She is an excellent teacher, which makes her special in the otherwise celebrity business here in the USA.

[@d_pratik1]

Is she popular in America?

[@bhavyabenwal-so9rm]

That's true❤

[@sudhirchandra9790]

She has celebrity status too in India,as far as business is concerned the anchors who bring views,bring business and are paid well if they have the ability to negotiate with the owners management I think she is able to do that

[@swarnamohanty3121]

She lacks basic knowledge, doesn't realise the importance of Swej canal built in 19 th century,

[@ratnakamal1]

@@x62104 Nooo! She’s ours.

[@asevado]

I've always been fascinated about the story of Muziris, Arikamedu and the trade between the Roman Empire and India. 🇮🇹❤️🇮🇳

[@IndiaUnbound-123]

Me too. Love from India❤

[@suseeln]

It was not India then. India is a relatively modern construct. You won't call Roman Empire as Italy isn't it?

[@orientalguy9462]

​@@suseeln who told you?

[@sheelasundaram784]

Between Roman Empire and ancient Tamils to be precise..

[@Abhilash-.]

@@suseeln because the borders of Rome and Italy are different but the borders of Bharath and India are kind of same. And the idea of Rome and Italy are different but the idea of Bharat and India are same

[@uvarbt]

It's a fortune that is captured in a Tamil poem and it's literature. The Chera is one of the three kingdoms who ruled south. Chera, Chozha and Pandya.

[@sanjay_singh]

Thanks to North Indian rulers who stopped the foreign invasion from destroying our history

[@jhansirani5281]

When you say south not only them but chalukyas, kadambas, satavahanas and rashtrakutas., also ruled.

[@sheelasundaram784]

@@jhansirani5281 but only the Tamil Kings had sea trade.

[@ensys1000]

1:55 If Cheras aced maritime trade as the commentator says, why was the pepper trade in Arab hands?i

[@AbhiramKandukuri-wx2tc]

​@@jhansirani5281 true according to some people only tamilnadu and Kerala are south India

[@thomasmanon]

What a nice video. Thanks. To this day, pepper still grows on my farm 100km south of Muziris, in the southern part of Kerala. Do come visit Kerala when you get a chance.

[@moverick]

I am from Kerala too - Trivandrum - so great to hear of our awesome history :-)

[@Nithin90]

Sir, The 1st century and 2nd century European travelers specifically refers to the capital of 'Keralaputhra' in Sanskrit (i.e Kaelobothras, Keprobothras etc in Greek) as situated 20 stadia (3 km) inland from the sea-coast or in present day Kerala in which the port city of 'Muziris' (i.e Kodungallur) on the banks of the river 'Pseudostomus' (i.e Periyar river) as situated therefore it was also referred to as 'Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc' by the Foreign Travelers since the 10th Century C.E after the native Malayalam word 'Changalazhi' as denoting the Estuary at Kodungallur hence the Earliest extant Kerala literary works itself refers to the port city of 'Kodungallur' (i.e Muziris in Greek) on the banks of the river Periyar (i.e Pseudostomus in Greek) as the 'Nripapuri' (i.e Capital) of the Kerala king titled as 'Keraladhinatha, Keraladhishvara etc' in Sanskrit (i.e Keralaputhra) in Kerala history For Example: Kerala is not only the country, but also the Kshathriya-king inhabiting the country" - Vaarthika of Kaathyayana pre-3rd Century B.C The Periyar river and its tributaries in Malayalam was known as 'Mahanadhi, Choorni, Marudhvritha, Nau (chalakkudi river) etc' in Sanskrit and the royal family of Mahodayapuram (i.e Makkothayar-Pattanam in Malayalam) titled as belonging to the 'Keralakula' (i.e Kerala-Dynasty) was known as 'Bahuvyapthi' meaning 'having great expansion' (i.e Perum-Padarppu in Malayalam) in the Sanskrit works of Kerala until the 14th Century C.E among which the port-town of Kochi (i.e Gosrinagara in Sanskrit) referred to as 'Cocym' by the Foreign Travelers since the 15th Century C.E was the property of the 'Elaya Thavazhi' referred to as 'Narayana Varma, Govindha Varma, Rama Varma etc' until the 15th Century C.E or since Pre-Portuguese Period in Kerala (Malabar) history. The term 'Keshavan, Kashu, Ashudham etc' in Malayalam are also written as 'Keyavan, Kayu, Ayitham etc' in the inscriptions and similarly, the term 'Muyirikodu' in the inscription is to be read as 'Mushirikodu'. (I.e Muziris in Greek) aka 'Changalazhi' in Malayalam until the 14th Century C.E (i.e Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc) There is an agreement known as 'Muziris-Papyrus' from the 2nd Century C.E which documents the trade agreement between Muziris (i.e Kodungallur) and Alexandria and simialrly, the port-cities of Kerala were at the height of its prosperity with trade relations from all over the world since the 1st Century C.E to the medieval period of Indian history. For Example: “Among all the places in the world I have seen none equal to the Port of Alexandria except Kawlam (Kollam in Kerala) and Calicut (Kozhikodu in Kerala) in India” - Ibn Battuta (14th century C.E)

[@TheRishijoesanu]

I'm literally from Kodungallur.

[@snigdhasaha1031]

Yes! Omg! I'm so happy that Palki is back!😩😭❤️when it comes to news, VANTAGE is the best for sure!

[@user-jn6bs2hq3u]

Vantage vintage advantage palki sharma.

[@2wenty1_savage38]

Seems like your a die-hard FAN 🌀 of her's , why not become something better wch is an A-ir C-onditioner ❄️😊

[@pramoddaslohya3174]

The name signifies it all; Pattanam in Malayalam, literally means a big city. (All big cities in Kerala were referred to as Pattanam, after the busy metropolitan city of Pattanam of the yesteryears. Moreover the capital of the Chera Dynasty (consisting of the present day Tamilnadu and Kerala) was at Mahodayapuram / Thiruvanchikulam, at present day Kodugallur near to the hamlet of Pattanam. Kodugallur had a prominent place in the annals of human settlements in South India. Kodugallur temple is considered as one among 108 Shakti Peedoms. It's presiding deity is Badhra Kali and She is often referred to as Kannaki of the classical Tamil text Chilapadikaram of the Sangom era. It is interesting to note that first ever Mosque in the entire Indian Subcontinent, probably the first mosque ouside Arabia, which is dedicated to Cheraman Perumal (Chera King) is situated at Kodugallur near Pattanam. It is widely accepted that Kochi evolved as a prominent port after the destruction of Muzaris moreover the name Kochi is a derivation of Koch-Azhi which means small port in Malayalam, in comparison with the largest port Muzaris.

[@zoroman7186]

Can u also say what Muzaris mean? Is it a Malayalam word or Latin name?

[@balansargunam4070]

Excellent info. Thank you.

[@PjBi-wn3bg]

@@Nithin90 stupid 🙄 your are just using Ai to look smart with your long comment 🙄

[@Nithin90]

Sir, The 1st century and 2nd century European travelers specifically refers to the capital of 'Keralaputhra' in Sanskrit (i.e Kaelobothras, Keprobothras etc in Greek) as situated 20 stadia (3 km) inland from the sea-coast or in present day Kerala in which the port city of 'Muziris' (i.e Kodungallur) on the banks of the river 'Pseudostomus' (i.e Periyar river) as situated therefore it was also referred to as 'Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc' by the Foreign Travelers since the 10th Century C.E after the native Malayalam word 'Changalazhi' as denoting the Estuary at Kodungallur hence the Earliest extant Kerala literary works itself refers to the port city of 'Kodungallur' (i.e Muziris in Greek) on the banks of the river Periyar (i.e Pseudostomus in Greek) as the 'Nripapuri' (i.e Capital) of the Kerala king titled as 'Keraladhinatha, Keraladhishvara etc' in Sanskrit (i.e Keralaputhra) in Kerala history For Example: Kerala is not only the country, but also the Kshathriya-king inhabiting the country" - Vaarthika of Kaathyayana pre-3rd Century B.C The Periyar river and its tributaries in Malayalam was known as 'Mahanadhi, Choorni, Marudhvritha, Nau (chalakkudi river) etc' in Sanskrit and the royal family of Mahodayapuram (i.e Makkothayar-Pattanam in Malayalam) titled as belonging to the 'Keralakula' (i.e Kerala-Dynasty) was known as 'Bahuvyapthi' meaning 'having great expansion' (i.e Perum-Padarppu in Malayalam) in the Sanskrit works of Kerala until the 14th Century C.E among which the port-town of Kochi (i.e Gosrinagara in Sanskrit) referred to as 'Cocym' by the Foreign Travelers since the 15th Century C.E was the property of the 'Elaya Thavazhi' referred to as 'Narayana Varma, Govindha Varma, Rama Varma etc' until the 15th Century C.E or since Pre-Portuguese Period in Kerala (Malabar) history. The term 'Keshavan, Kashu, Ashudham etc' in Malayalam are also written as 'Keyavan, Kayu, Ayitham etc' in the inscriptions and similarly, the term 'Muyirikodu' in the inscription is to be read as 'Mushirikodu'. (I.e Muziris in Greek) aka 'Changalazhi' in Malayalam until the 14th Century C.E (i.e Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc) There is an agreement known as 'Muziris-Papyrus' from the 2nd Century C.E which documents the trade agreement between Muziris (i.e Kodungallur) and Alexandria and similarly, the port-cities of Kerala were at the height of its prosperity with trade relations from all over the world since the 1st Century C.E to the medieval period of Indian history. For Example: “Among all the places in the world I have seen none equal to the Port of Alexandria except Kawlam (Kollam in Kerala) and Calicut (Kozhikodu in Kerala) in India” - Ibn Battuta (14th century C.E)

[@Nithin90]

The port-cities and towns of Kerala (i.e Keralaputhra in Sanskrit) such as 'Tyndis, Kalaikarias, Bramagara etc' including 'Muziris' up to Komari (i.e Kanyakumari in Sanskrit) as mentioned by the Foreign travelers cannot be satisfactorily identified with current names in Kerala unlike the Indian cities as mentioned by the Foreign travelers such as 'Modura (Madurai) in Tamil Nadu (i.e Madhura in Sanskrit), or Souppara (Sopara) in Maharashtra (i.e Surparaka in Sanskrit), or Barygaza (Bharuch) in Gujarat (i.e Bhrigukaccha in Sanskrit) etc' but that doesn't mean that a catastrophic flood had destroyed Kerala ports & reshaped Kerala geography in the past unlike elsewhere in India. The sovereign of Kerala (Malabar) was titled as ‘Keralaputhra’ in Sanskrit since the 3rd Century B.C therefore the south Indian invaders from Tamil Nadu, Karnataka etc have also referred to the Kerala (Malabar) kings as 'Sera, Serala, Chera, Cherama etc' in their Dravidian languages and as 'Kerala' in Sanskrit until the 12th century C.E in Indian history. The Invaders from Tamil Nadu such as the Chola king in his Sanskrit inscription has stated that "he had crossed the sahya mountains (western ghats) and destroyed the Kerala king and his country (Kerala) protected by the chief of the Brigus (i.e Lord Parashurama - Ex. "Jithva Kerala Bhupathim Brigupatheschithva Thapo Rakshitham Prithvim") which itself shows that the land of Kerala was known as the Parashurama Kshetra (i.e creation of parashurama) among even the non-keralites in history. For Example: "The pagans (Hindus) of Malabar (Kerala) believes that a king (i.e a King of Kerala or Cheraman) had once ascended up to heaven and they continue to expect his descent therefore they assemble at cranganore (Kodungallur) and keep ready there wooden sandals, water and adorn the place with lamps and decorations on a certain night of the year" - Tuhfat al Mujahidin (16th Century C.E) It was the tradition among the Hindus of Kerala that a legendary king titled as 'Cheraman Perumal, Cheraman Thampuran, Cheraman Ramavarma etc' of the Kerala (Malabar) tradition aka 'Vira Kerala Chakravarthi' had once divided his possessions between Gokarnam and Kanyakumari as well as his 'Sceptre (chenkol), Crown (mudi), Sword (val) etc' among his nephews and sons of the Kerala-Country (i.e Malayalam, Malanadu, Malamandalam etc) as consisting of 'Kolathiri of Kolathunadu, Eralathiri of Eranadu, Venathiri of Venadu etc' and ascended up to heaven unlike the tradition current among the 'Muslims, Christians etc' of Kerala (Malabar) history. For Example: Diego de Couto (16th Century) - "It is the tradition among the Christians of Malabar (Kerala) that a 'Xarao Perimal' (Cheraman Perumal) of Cranganore (Kodungallur) was so very well affected to them and that through them he was converted to Christianity and persuaded to go to Meliapor (Mylapore in Tamil Nadu)" The term 'Chera, Cheraman etc' in the folk-songs of Kerala are denoting the Kerala (Malabar) kings of 'Kodungallur' aka Mahodayapuram (Thiruvanchikulam) referred to as 'Keraladhinatha, Keraladhishvara etc' in Sanskrit since pre-portuguese period who gave the Christians, Muslims, Jews etc a place to trade and live in Kerala and not any mythological 'Sera' kings of the local Tamil Nadu literary works or the fictional 'Chera Perumal' of the 18th century 'Keralolpathi' literary work etc.

[@dr.mathewantony7886]

Around the 11th century AD there happenrd a catastrophic floods. This, the archeologist say caused the disappearance of Muziris. Now it is called Kodungallur near the temple town of Guruvayur in Thrissur district of Kerala.

[@Nithin90]

Sir, The 1st century and 2nd century European travelers specifically refers to the capital of 'Keralaputhra' in Sanskrit (i.e Kaelobothras, Keprobothras etc in Greek) as situated 20 stadia (3 km) inland from the sea-coast or in present day Kerala in which the port city of 'Muziris' (i.e Kodungallur) on the banks of the river 'Pseudostomus' (i.e Periyar river) as situated therefore it was also referred to as 'Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc' by the Foreign Travelers since the 10th Century C.E after the native Malayalam word 'Changalazhi' as denoting the Estuary at Kodungallur hence the Earliest extant Kerala literary works itself refers to the port city of 'Kodungallur' (i.e Muziris in Greek) on the banks of the river Periyar (i.e Pseudostomus in Greek) as the 'Nripapuri' (i.e Capital) of the Kerala king titled as 'Keraladhinatha, Keraladhishvara etc' in Sanskrit (i.e Keralaputhra) in Kerala history For Example: Kerala is not only the country, but also the Kshathriya-king inhabiting the country" - Vaarthika of Kaathyayana pre-3rd Century B.C The Periyar river and its tributaries in Malayalam was known as 'Mahanadhi, Choorni, Marudhvritha, Nau (chalakkudi river) etc' in Sanskrit and the royal family of Mahodayapuram (i.e Makkothayar-Pattanam in Malayalam) titled as belonging to the 'Keralakula' (i.e Kerala-Dynasty) was known as 'Bahuvyapthi' meaning 'having great expansion' (i.e Perum-Padarppu in Malayalam) in the Sanskrit works of Kerala until the 14th Century C.E among which the port-town of Kochi (i.e Gosrinagara in Sanskrit) referred to as 'Cocym' by the Foreign Travelers since the 15th Century C.E was the property of the 'Elaya Thavazhi' referred to as 'Narayana Varma, Govindha Varma, Rama Varma etc' until the 15th Century C.E or since Pre-Portuguese Period in Kerala (Malabar) history. The term 'Keshavan, Kashu, Ashudham etc' in Malayalam are also written as 'Keyavan, Kayu, Ayitham etc' in the inscriptions and similarly, the term 'Muyirikodu' in the inscription is to be read as 'Mushirikodu'. (I.e Muziris in Greek) aka 'Changalazhi' in Malayalam until the 14th Century C.E (i.e Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc) There is an agreement known as 'Muziris-Papyrus' from the 2nd Century C.E which documents the trade agreement between Muziris (i.e Kodungallur) and Alexandria and similarly, the port-cities of Kerala were at the height of its prosperity with trade relations from all over the world since the 1st Century C.E to the medieval period of Indian history. For Example: “Among all the places in the world I have seen none equal to the Port of Alexandria except Kawlam (Kollam in Kerala) and Calicut (Kozhikodu in Kerala) in India” - Ibn Battuta (14th century C.E)

[@Nithin90]

The port-cities and towns of Kerala (i.e Keralaputhra in Sanskrit) such as 'Tyndis, Kalaikarias, Bramagara etc' including 'Muziris' up to Komari (i.e Kanyakumari in Sanskrit) as mentioned by the Foreign travelers cannot be satisfactorily identified with current names in Kerala unlike the Indian cities as mentioned by the Foreign travelers such as 'Modura (Madurai) in Tamil Nadu (i.e Madhura in Sanskrit), or Souppara (Sopara) in Maharashtra (i.e Surparaka in Sanskrit), or Barygaza (Bharuch) in Gujarat (i.e Bhrigukaccha in Sanskrit) etc' but that doesn't mean that a catastrophic flood had destroyed Kerala ports & reshaped Kerala geography in the past unlike elsewhere in India. The sovereign of Kerala (Malabar) was titled as ‘Keralaputhra’ in Sanskrit since the 3rd Century B.C therefore the south Indian invaders from Tamil Nadu, Karnataka etc have also referred to the Kerala (Malabar) kings as 'Sera, Serala, Chera, Cherama etc' in their Dravidian languages and as 'Kerala' in Sanskrit until the 12th century C.E in Indian history. The Invaders from Tamil Nadu such as the Chola king in his Sanskrit inscription has stated that "he had crossed the sahya mountains (western ghats) and destroyed the Kerala king and his country (Kerala) protected by the chief of the Brigus (i.e Lord Parashurama - Ex. "Jithva Kerala Bhupathim Brigupatheschithva Thapo Rakshitham Prithvim") which itself shows that the land of Kerala was known as the Parashurama Kshetra (i.e creation of parashurama) among even the non-keralites in history. For Example: "The pagans (Hindus) of Malabar (Kerala) believes that a king (i.e a King of Kerala or Cheraman) had once ascended up to heaven and they continue to expect his descent therefore they assemble at cranganore (Kodungallur) and keep ready there wooden sandals, water and adorn the place with lamps and decorations on a certain night of the year" - Tuhfat al Mujahidin (16th Century C.E) It was the tradition among the Hindus of Kerala that a legendary king titled as 'Cheraman Perumal, Cheraman Thampuran, Cheraman Ramavarma etc' of the Kerala (Malabar) tradition aka 'Vira Kerala Chakravarthi' had once divided his possessions between Gokarnam and Kanyakumari as well as his 'Sceptre (chenkol), Crown (mudi), Sword (val) etc' among his nephews and sons of the Kerala-Country (i.e Malayalam, Malanadu, Malamandalam etc) as consisting of 'Kolathiri of Kolathunadu, Eralathiri of Eranadu, Venathiri of Venadu etc' and ascended up to heaven unlike the tradition current among the 'Muslims, Christians etc' of Kerala (Malabar) history. For Example: Diego de Couto (16th Century) - "It is the tradition among the Christians of Malabar (Kerala) that a 'Xarao Perimal' (Cheraman Perumal) of Cranganore (Kodungallur) was so very well affected to them and that through them he was converted to Christianity and persuaded to go to Meliapor (Mylapore in Tamil Nadu)" The term 'Chera, Cheraman etc' in the folk-songs of Kerala are denoting the Kerala (Malabar) kings of 'Kodungallur' aka Mahodayapuram (Thiruvanchikulam) referred to as 'Keraladhinatha, Keraladhishvara etc' in Sanskrit since pre-portuguese period who gave the Christians, Muslims, Jews etc a place to trade and live in Kerala and not any mythological 'Sera' kings of the local Tamil Nadu literary works or the fictional 'Chera Perumal' of the 18th century 'Keralolpathi' literary work etc.

[@Nithin90]

Sir, The term 'Makkothai, Vanchi, Musiri, Karuvur, Kodunkolur etc' in the Tamil Nadu literary works and inscriptions until the 12th Century C.E are denoting the Capital of the Kerala (Malabar) king known as 'Mahodayapuram or Thiruvanchikulam or Kodungalloor' etc in the Kerala literary works until the 14th Century C.E. The Dravidian languages of Malayalam, Tamil, Tulu, Kannada, Telugu etc including the Tribal Languages (ex. Irula, Kurumba etc) as consisting of common/similar words are all emerging from a Proto-Dravidian language meaning an undocumented common spoken language in pre-history as attested by all linguists today hence there are places with common names in Kerala and Tamil Nadu even today (ex. Thondi, Musiri, Vanchi, Karuvur, etc) thus it doesn't mean that the places of Kerala or 'Keralaputhra' referred to as 'Tyndis, Muziris, Karoura etc' by the travelers in the past were referring to the settlement of the people of Tamil Nadu or ‘Tamilans’ referred to as a 'Pandi, Chola, Konga, Thonda' in all of known Indian history including Kerala literary works until the 14th Century C.E but the people of Kerala referred to as ‘Keralar' and 'Malayalar' alone in Indian history. Joao Maria Campori - 1604 A.D - "The greater part of these Christians believe that they have descended from those whom St. Thomas baptized at Mylapore (Tamil Nadu), and who later on, migrated over to the Malabar coast (Kerala)." - There are several articles on the web regarding how Communists and Christians such as Istvan Perczel, a Hungarian scholar of Early Christianity as invited by the Kerala Council for Historical Research (KCHR) are trying to attach an insignificant place known as 'Pattanam' in Kerala with no historical references as the 'Muziris' of the 1st Century C.E to create spurious evidence of the arrival of the Apostle St. Thomas in India. For Example: "The effort by a section of historians to establish Pattanam as Muziris is to impose the belief on us that St.Thomas, one of the apostles of Jesus Christ, was the one who led the first settlement in Pattanam." - R. Nagaswamy (the former director of Tamil Nadu Archaeology) The land as bounded by the Malayadri mountains (western ghats) to the East and the Ocean to the West is known as the 'Malayalam Country' or 'Keralam' in all of known Indian history as For Example, the 11th century Sanskrit Poet Bilhana in his work refers to several kingdoms as having surrendered to the King Vikrama (1076 - 1126 C.E) of Karnataka including Konkana (konkan region), Alupa (tulu region), Chola, Pandya etc whereas the poet Bilhana mentions that the Elephants of the King Vikrama as having stirred the sandalwood trees on the Malaya Mountains (western ghats) in his conquest of Kerala. For Example: “Abhajyantha gajaisthasya leelayaa malayaadhruma samam Kerala….” - Vikramankadevacharitha - Kavi Bilhana (11th Century C.E) The land of 'Kerala or Keralajanapadha or Keralaputhra' in Indian history since the 3rd Century B.C referred to as Malayalam, Malanadu, Malamandalam etc in Kerala history after the Sanskrit word 'Malaya' as denoting the western ghats did not consist of any region east of the Ghats or the region of Tamil Nadu once referred to as 'Kongu-Nadu, Pandi-Nadu, Chola-Nadu etc' in Indian history until the 12th Century C.E or thereafter in Kerala (Malabar) history.

[@TheRishijoesanu]

Floods happened in 1341

[@Nithin90]

Sir, The foreign travelers have recorded various folklores of Kerala (Malabar) in history including the various folklores of 'Cheraman Perumal' or the origin of 'Kollam Era' etc and similarly, the 18th Century folktale as recorded by the Traveler 'Paolino da San Bartolomeo' that the 'Puthuvaippu Era' of Malabar (Kerala) beginning at 1341 C.E was the formation of the group of Islands from out of the sea is disproven by the Elamkunnapuzha Temple records which refers to its construction as 'Kali Era' chronogram 'Visvesasaktimaya' or 1185 C.E.

[@drbhatkpmkpm7386]

I am from mangalore Happy to hear mangalore word from most respected news anchor palki madam

[@blade3625]

Wtf

[@nissarpa1259]

Kodungalloor is considered to be MUZIRIS where three of the major religions started in India & it's also an island from Kottapuram to Chettuwa but it's no longer a port. Most of the local historians say there was a huge flood which destroyed the port city & changed the course to now Kochi. This area is also considered a treasure area but none of them found the exact location because it's between the river & sea.

[@Nithin90]

Sir, The 1st century and 2nd century European travelers specifically refers to the capital of 'Keralaputhra' in Sanskrit (i.e Kaelobothras, Keprobothras etc in Greek) as situated 20 stadia (3 km) inland from the sea-coast or in present day Kerala in which the port city of 'Muziris' (i.e Kodungallur) on the banks of the river 'Pseudostomus' (i.e Periyar river) as situated therefore it was also referred to as 'Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc' by the Foreign Travelers since the 10th Century C.E after the native Malayalam word 'Changalazhi' as denoting the Estuary at Kodungallur hence the Earliest extant Kerala literary works itself refers to the port city of 'Kodungallur' (i.e Muziris in Greek) on the banks of the river Periyar (i.e Pseudostomus in Greek) as the 'Nripapuri' (i.e Capital) of the Kerala king titled as 'Keraladhinatha, Keraladhishvara etc' in Sanskrit (i.e Keralaputhra) in Kerala history For Example: Kerala is not only the country, but also the Kshathriya-king inhabiting the country" - Vaarthika of Kaathyayana pre-3rd Century B.C The Periyar river and its tributaries in Malayalam was known as 'Mahanadhi, Choorni, Marudhvritha, Nau (chalakkudi river) etc' in Sanskrit and the royal family of Mahodayapuram (i.e Makkothayar-Pattanam in Malayalam) titled as belonging to the 'Keralakula' (i.e Kerala-Dynasty) was known as 'Bahuvyapthi' meaning 'having great expansion' (i.e Perum-Padarppu in Malayalam) in the Sanskrit works of Kerala until the 14th Century C.E among which the port-town of Kochi (i.e Gosrinagara in Sanskrit) referred to as 'Cocym' by the Foreign Travelers since the 15th Century C.E was the property of the 'Elaya Thavazhi' referred to as 'Narayana Varma, Govindha Varma, Rama Varma etc' until the 15th Century C.E or since Pre-Portuguese Period in Kerala (Malabar) history. The term 'Keshavan, Kashu, Ashudham etc' in Malayalam are also written as 'Keyavan, Kayu, Ayitham etc' in the inscriptions and similarly, the term 'Muyirikodu' in the inscription is to be read as 'Mushirikodu'. (I.e Muziris in Greek) aka 'Changalazhi' in Malayalam until the 14th Century C.E (i.e Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc) There is an agreement known as 'Muziris-Papyrus' from the 2nd Century C.E which documents the trade agreement between Muziris (i.e Kodungallur) and Alexandria and simialrly, the port-cities of Kerala were at the height of its prosperity with trade relations from all over the world since the 1st Century C.E to the medieval period of Indian history. For Example: “Among all the places in the world I have seen none equal to the Port of Alexandria except Kawlam (Kollam in Kerala) and Calicut (Kozhikodu in Kerala) in India” - Ibn Battuta (14th century C.E)

[@007nastyguy]

​@@Nithin90 I can feel the richness of knowledge you gained about our MUZIRIS..👍👍

[@Nithin90]

Sir, The port-cities and towns of Kerala (i.e Keralaputhra in Sanskrit) such as 'Tyndis, Kalaikarias, Bramagara etc' including 'Muziris' up to Komari (i.e Kanyakumari in Sanskrit) as mentioned by the Foreign travelers cannot be satisfactorily identified with current names in Kerala unlike the Indian cities as mentioned by the Foreign travelers such as 'Modura (Madurai) in Tamil Nadu (i.e Madhura in Sanskrit), or Souppara (Sopara) in Maharashtra (i.e Surparaka in Sanskrit), or Barygaza (Bharuch) in Gujarat (i.e Bhrigukaccha in Sanskrit) etc' but that doesn't mean that a catastrophic flood had destroyed Kerala ports & reshaped Kerala geography in the past unlike elsewhere in India. The sovereign of Kerala (Malabar) was titled as ‘Keralaputhra’ in Sanskrit since the 3rd Century B.C therefore the south Indian invaders from Tamil Nadu, Karnataka etc have also referred to the Kerala (Malabar) kings as 'Sera, Serala, Chera, Cherama etc' in their Dravidian languages and as 'Kerala' in Sanskrit until the 12th century C.E in Indian history. The Invaders from Tamil Nadu such as the Chola king in his Sanskrit inscription has stated that "he had crossed the sahya mountains (western ghats) and destroyed the Kerala king and his country (Kerala) protected by the chief of the Brigus (i.e Lord Parashurama - Ex. "Jithva Kerala Bhupathim Brigupatheschithva Thapo Rakshitham Prithvim") which itself shows that the land of Kerala was known as the Parashurama Kshetra (i.e creation of parashurama) among even the non-keralites in history. For Example: "The pagans (Hindus) of Malabar (Kerala) believes that a king (i.e a King of Kerala or Cheraman) had once ascended up to heaven and they continue to expect his descent therefore they assemble at cranganore (Kodungallur) and keep ready there wooden sandals, water and adorn the place with lamps and decorations on a certain night of the year" - Tuhfat al Mujahidin (16th Century C.E) It was the tradition among the Hindus of Kerala that a legendary king titled as 'Cheraman Perumal, Cheraman Thampuran, Cheraman Ramavarma etc' of the Kerala (Malabar) tradition aka 'Vira Kerala Chakravarthi' had once divided his possessions between Gokarnam and Kanyakumari as well as his 'Sceptre (chenkol), Crown (mudi), Sword (val) etc' among his nephews and sons of the Kerala-Country (i.e Malayalam, Malanadu, Malamandalam etc) as consisting of 'Kolathiri of Kolathunadu, Eralathiri of Eranadu, Venathiri of Venadu etc' and ascended up to heaven unlike the tradition current among the 'Muslims, Christians etc' of Kerala (Malabar) history. For Example: Diego de Couto (16th Century) - "It is the tradition among the Christians of Malabar (Kerala) that a 'Xarao Perimal' (Cheraman Perumal) of Cranganore (Kodungallur) was so very well affected to them and that through them he was converted to Christianity and persuaded to go to Meliapor (Mylapore in Tamil Nadu)" The term 'Chera, Cheraman etc' in the folk-songs of Kerala are denoting the Kerala (Malabar) kings of 'Kodungallur' aka Mahodayapuram (Thiruvanchikulam) referred to as 'Keraladhinatha, Keraladhishvara etc' in Sanskrit since pre-portuguese period who gave the Christians, Muslims, Jews etc a place to trade and live in Kerala and not any mythological 'Sera' kings of the local Tamil Nadu literary works or the fictional 'Chera Perumal' of the 18th century 'Keralolpathi' literary work etc.

[@Nithin90]

Sir, The term 'Makkothai, Vanchi, Musiri, Karuvur, Kodunkolur etc' in the Tamil Nadu literary works and inscriptions until the 12th Century C.E are denoting the Capital of the Kerala (Malabar) king known as 'Mahodayapuram or Thiruvanchikulam or Kodungalloor' etc in the Kerala literary works until the 14th Century C.E. The Dravidian languages of Malayalam, Tamil, Tulu, Kannada, Telugu etc including the Tribal Languages (ex. Irula, Kurumba etc) as consisting of common/similar words are all emerging from a Proto-Dravidian language meaning an undocumented common spoken language in pre-history as attested by all linguists today hence there are places with common names in Kerala and Tamil Nadu even today (ex. Thondi, Musiri, Vanchi, Karuvur, etc) thus it doesn't mean that the places of Kerala or 'Keralaputhra' referred to as 'Tyndis, Muziris, Karoura etc' by the travelers in the past were referring to the settlement of the people of Tamil Nadu or ‘Tamilans’ referred to as a 'Pandi, Chola, Konga, Thonda' in all of known Indian history including Kerala literary works until the 14th Century C.E but the people of Kerala referred to as ‘Keralar' and 'Malayalar' alone in Indian history. Joao Maria Campori - 1604 A.D - "The greater part of these Christians believe that they have descended from those whom St. Thomas baptized at Mylapore (Tamil Nadu), and who later on, migrated over to the Malabar coast (Kerala)." - There are several articles on the web regarding how Communists and Christians such as Istvan Perczel, a Hungarian scholar of Early Christianity as invited by the Kerala Council for Historical Research (KCHR) are trying to attach an insignificant place known as 'Pattanam' in Kerala with no historical references as the 'Muziris' of the 1st Century C.E to create spurious evidence of the arrival of the Apostle St. Thomas in India. For Example: "The effort by a section of historians to establish Pattanam as Muziris is to impose the belief on us that St.Thomas, one of the apostles of Jesus Christ, was the one who led the first settlement in Pattanam." - R. Nagaswamy (the former director of Tamil Nadu Archaeology) The land as bounded by the Malayadri mountains (western ghats) to the East and the Ocean to the West is known as the 'Malayalam Country' or 'Keralam' in all of known Indian history as For Example, the 11th century Sanskrit Poet Bilhana in his work refers to several kingdoms as having surrendered to the King Vikrama (1076 - 1126 C.E) of Karnataka including Konkana (konkan region), Alupa (tulu region), Chola, Pandya etc whereas the poet Bilhana mentions that the Elephants of the King Vikrama as having stirred the sandalwood trees on the Malaya Mountains (western ghats) in his conquest of Kerala. For Example: “Abhajyantha gajaisthasya leelayaa malayaadhruma samam Kerala….” - Vikramankadevacharitha - Kavi Bilhana (11th Century C.E) The land of 'Kerala or Keralajanapadha or Keralaputhra' in Indian history since the 3rd Century B.C referred to as Malayalam, Malanadu, Malamandalam etc in Kerala history after the Sanskrit word 'Malaya' as denoting the western ghats did not consist of any region east of the Ghats or the region of Tamil Nadu once referred to as 'Kongu-Nadu, Pandi-Nadu, Chola-Nadu etc' in Indian history until the 12th Century C.E or thereafter in Kerala (Malabar) history.

[@PankajKumar-mc9ov]

Same thing also happened with our Harrapan Civilization.... We have urban planning and cities at that ancient time but due to natural calamities we don't know what happened with Harrapan Civilization....it's a mystery.... Bit I must say we India 🇮🇳 have a very rich legacy ... Proud 👏 of my I🇮🇳 ❤

[@kritarthjaiswal1793]

I agree 👍💯😊

[@aosaeanor]

Almost all ancient discoveries in India seems to have been analysed from the Western lenses without a thought to the culture of India & a thorough study of its ancient practices . Roman's had community baths that the English are familiar with . So when in Mohenjo-daro, a big water holding facility was discovered by the English , it was called the Great Bath - so called community bath area . Whereas since ancient times India has had different practices for water harvesting & storing . Remnants of these practices can be seen till date as well as structures from a later period that supported such practices still exist.

[@PankajKumar-mc9ov]

@@aosaeanor I agree 👍 💯

[@sheelasundaram784]

The inscriptions found in Mohenjodaro Harappa and Indus valley are similar to Thamizhi , ancient Tamil script.

[@kritarthjaiswal1793]

@@sheelasundaram784 right 👍

[@ranjithparamashivam1795]

2000 years ago we had cities bustling with gold and others as you mentioned but ASI till now said that there was no permanent settlement in Tamil Nadu and Sangam literature was just a book praising ancient Tamil kings.. but multiple archaeological excavations at multiple sites in Tamil Nadu indicates that we had a ln established civilization that goes back more than 2500+ years and traded with ancient empires .. Thanks for bringing in your channel about these things and I request you to post more contents about ancient South India

[@Nithin90]

Sir, The 1st century and 2nd century European travelers specifically refers to the capital of 'Keralaputhra' in Sanskrit (i.e Kaelobothras, Keprobothras etc in Greek) as situated 20 stadia (3 km) inland from the sea-coast or in present day Kerala in which the port city of 'Muziris' (i.e Kodungallur) on the banks of the river 'Pseudostomus' (i.e Periyar river) as situated therefore it was also referred to as 'Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc' by the Foreign Travelers since the 10th Century C.E after the native Malayalam word 'Changalazhi' as denoting the Estuary at Kodungallur hence the Earliest extant Kerala literary works itself refers to the port city of 'Kodungallur' (i.e Muziris in Greek) on the banks of the river Periyar (i.e Pseudostomus in Greek) as the 'Nripapuri' (i.e Capital) of the Kerala king titled as 'Keraladhinatha, Keraladhishvara etc' in Sanskrit (i.e Keralaputhra) in Kerala history For Example: Kerala is not only the country, but also the Kshathriya-king inhabiting the country" - Vaarthika of Kaathyayana pre-3rd Century B.C The Periyar river and its tributaries in Malayalam was known as 'Mahanadhi, Choorni, Marudhvritha, Nau (chalakkudi river) etc' in Sanskrit and the royal family of Mahodayapuram (i.e Makkothayar-Pattanam in Malayalam) titled as belonging to the 'Keralakula' (i.e Kerala-Dynasty) was known as 'Bahuvyapthi' meaning 'having great expansion' (i.e Perum-Padarppu in Malayalam) in the Sanskrit works of Kerala until the 14th Century C.E among which the port-town of Kochi (i.e Gosrinagara in Sanskrit) referred to as 'Cocym' by the Foreign Travelers since the 15th Century C.E was the property of the 'Elaya Thavazhi' referred to as 'Narayana Varma, Govindha Varma, Rama Varma etc' until the 15th Century C.E or since Pre-Portuguese Period in Kerala (Malabar) history. The term 'Keshavan, Kashu, Ashudham etc' in Malayalam are also written as 'Keyavan, Kayu, Ayitham etc' in the inscriptions and similarly, the term 'Muyirikodu' in the inscription is to be read as 'Mushirikodu'. (I.e Muziris in Greek) aka 'Changalazhi' in Malayalam until the 14th Century C.E (i.e Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc) There is an agreement known as 'Muziris-Papyrus' from the 2nd Century C.E which documents the trade agreement between Muziris (i.e Kodungallur) and Alexandria and simialrly, the port-cities of Kerala were at the height of its prosperity with trade relations from all over the world since the 1st Century C.E to the medieval period of Indian history. For Example: “Among all the places in the world I have seen none equal to the Port of Alexandria except Kawlam (Kollam in Kerala) and Calicut (Kozhikodu in Kerala) in India” - Ibn Battuta (14th century C.E)

[@harishr7721]

​@@Nithin90I think you are a sangi 😂

[@Nithin90]

Sir, Kerala was one of the 7 janapadas (kingdoms) of Bharata (i.e Indian subcontinent) along with Tulanga (tulu region), Konkana (konkan region) etc that were collectively known as the 'Parashurama Kshetra' (i.e creation of parashurama) and Kerala was one of the 3 janapadas (kingdoms) of Dravidadesha (dravida region) meaning the southernmost region of Bharata (Indian subcontinent) along with Pandya Kingdom and Chola Kingdom as according to the Sanskrit scripture's (i.e Puranas) since known history. : The land of 'Kerala or Keralajanapadha or Keralaputhra' in Indian history since the 3rd Century B.C to 12th Century C.E referred to as Malayalam, Malanadu, Malamandalam etc in Kerala history after the Sanskrit word 'Malaya' as denoting the western ghats did not consist of any region east of the Ghats or the region of Tamil Nadu once referred to as 'Kongu-Nadu, Pandi-Nadu, Chola-Nadu etc' in Indian history hence the 1st century and 2nd century European travelers specifically refers to the capital of Keralaputhra as situated 20 stadia (3 km) inland from the sea-coast or in present day Kerala. : The kings of Kerala are referred to as belonging to the Keralakula (i.e Kerala-Dynasty) in the Oldest Sanskrit works of Kerala as the sovereign of Kerala was titled as ‘Keralaputhra’ in Sanskrit since the 3rd Century B.C and similarly Yakshan Keralan, Godha Keralan, Kerala Narayanan, Keralan Srikumaran etc are the various other personal names of Keralites as present in the Oldest Inscriptions of Kerala in Old Malayalam since the 9th century C.E as the Kerala-Country and its capital was under the dominion of the Naaduvaazhikal (i.e vallabhapattanam king, mahodhayapattanam king, kolambhapattanam king etc) as attested by native records and foreign travelers including Al-Biruni since the 11th century C.E : For Example: "Malabar (i.e Malayalam Country) is a great province lying towards the west 'of the province of Bandi (i.e Pandya)' and the people here have a language of their own and a king of their own and pay tribute to nobody." - Marco Polo (13th century C.E). : It is accepted by Tamil Nadu scholars that the Sanskrit term 'Chola' was written as 'SoRa' in the various Tamil inscriptions of the Chola-Dynasty and similarly, the 'Kerala' kings were referred to as 'SeRa' in the inscriptions of the Invaders from Tamil Nadu until the 12th century C.E as the term 'Sera or Seralan' in Tamil is the transliteration of 'Kerala' in Sanskrit whereas the term 'Pandi or Pandiyan' in Tamil is the transliteration of 'Pandya' in Sanskrit as the term 'Sora or Soran' in Tamil is the transliteration of 'Chola' in Sanskrit hence the land of Kerala was referred to as Cheraman-Nadu, Cheraman-Loka, Chera-Bhumi etc in Kerala records itself. : For Example: "...sarvam eve anupashyata tathaiva Andhran cha Pundran cha Cholan, Pandyan, Keralan." - Valmiki Ramayanam - Kishkindha Kanda : The 7th century to 12th century inscriptions of Tamil Nadu refers to multiple Pandya kings and Chola kings as having invaded the region of “Malainadu or Kerala” and the Tamil Nadu king Raja Raja Chola (985 C.E -1014 C.E) in his inscriptions on the conquest of Kerala claims that his army invaded the country which was the Creation Of Parashurama (Kerala) and plundered the town of Vizhinjam, Kollam, Kodungallur etc which itself shows that the land of Kerala was known as the Parashurama Kshetra (i.e creation of parashurama) among even the non-keralites in history. : The ancient European travelers of the 1st and 2nd century C.E have referred to the geographical region of North India or the land between Himalaya mountains and Vindhya mountains as 'Ariaca' after the Sanskrit word 'Aryaka' (i.e Aryadesha) whereas they referred to the geographical region of Kerala (i.e Keralaputhra) as 'Damirica' after the Sanskrit word 'Dramidaka' (i.e Dramidadesha) meaning the southernmost region of Bharata (i.e Indian subcontinent) hence the Oldest literary works and inscriptions of Kerala itself refers to the geographical region of Kerala as 'Dramida' in which the city of Mahodayapuram (i.e Makkothayarpattanam in Old Malayalam) or Thiruvanchikulam (i.e Srianjanakhalam in Sanskrit) or Muyirikodu (muziris) in Old Malayalam as situated on the banks of the river Periyar (i.e Mahanadhi, Choorni etc in Sanskrit) was the capital of the Kerala king titled as 'Keraladhinatha' in Sanskrit or 'Cherabhumishvara' in Malayalam (i.e Keralabhasha). : For Example: "Keralaanaam dramida shabdhavaachythvaad apabhramshena tadbhaasha tamizh ithyuchyathe" - Lilathilakam - Meaning - "The language of Kerala is known as Tamizh in the vernacular through the phonetic modification of the word Dramida." : The term 'Tamizhakam' in the Tamil grammar Tolkapiyam itself is the transliteration of 'Dramidaka' in Sanskrit and not denoting a single culture or language or kingdom or history but a common geographical region as consisting of KL and TN thereby the author has recognised 12 regional dialects in which 5 dialects are pertaining to Kerala and 7 dialects are pertaining to Tamil Nadu just as the Tamil grammar Nannul of the 13th century hence the Kerala records have also differentiated the language of Dramida (i.e Tamizh) into Pandyabhasha (pandi language), Cholabhasha (chola language) and Keralabhasha (malayalam language) in history. : The inscriptions of Kerala as dated between the 9th century C.E and 12th Century C.E is referred to as 'Old Malayalam' by linguists because the inscriptions of Kerala as dated between the 13th century C.E and 16th century C.E shows linguistic continuity with minimal differences hence it is termed as 'Middle Malayalam' by linguists.Malayalam language (i.e Keralabhasha) is just as old and classical as any other Dravidian languages including Tamil hence the phonology and vocabulary of Keralites to this very day are found in the Oldest mythological literary works and inscriptions of Tamil Nadu (ex. njan, njandu, thudangi, pettu, aliyan, achan etc) as the grammatical principles of Malayalam language (i.e Keralabhasha) was contrasting from the ‘Tamizh’ of the inhabitants of Tamil Nadu due to the phonological and morphological differences between the regional languages of the East and West of the Ghats mountain ranges since known history. (Ex. Njan in Malayalam is Nan in Tamil) : The terms 'Tamizh, Naazhi, Pazham, Pavizham, Makizham etc' in Old Malayalam are all derived from the Sanskrit words 'Dramida, Naadi, Phala, Pravala, Makula etc' as such phonetic modifications or transliterations of Sanskrit words are present in all the Dravidian languages since known literary history and similarly, the terms 'Ketala, Choda, Pada' etc in the Ashoka Edicts of the 3rd Century B.C in Prakrit language are the transliterations of the Sanskrit word 'Kerala, Chola, Pandya' etc as attested by all linguists today. : The terms Cherakon (i.e Keralakularaaja in Sanskrit), Kunnalakon (i.e Shailabdhishvara in Sanskrit), Valluvakon (i.e Vallabhakshoni in Sanskrit), Piraamanar (i.e Brahmana in Sanskrit) etc as found in Old Malayalam and Middle Malayalam inscriptions and literary works are NOT denoting the people of Tamil Nadu or 'Tamilans' irrespective of caste referred to as a 'Pandi, Chola, Konga, Thonda' in all of known Indian history but the people of Kerala referred to as 'Keralar' and 'Malayalar' alone in Indian history. : For Example: The kings of Kerala were referred to as 'Malayala Thiruvadi' in the inscription of South India as dated to the 13th Century C.E while the kings of Tamil Nadu were referred to as Pandya and Chola in the same inscription of the Kakatiya Dynasty of South India because the people of Tamil Nadu now known as 'Tamilans' were referred to as a 'Pandi, Chola, Konga, Thonda' in all of known Indian history including Kerala literary works until the 14th Century C.E while the people of Kerala including the Kings were referred to as 'Keralar' and 'Malayalar' alone in Indian history. : The region of modern Tamil Nadu as consisting of dharmapuri, salem, coimbatore etc as comprising of an earlier independent territorial unit known as ‘Kongu-Nadu’ were under their local chieftains referred to as 'Adiya or Adiyaman' until the 12th Century C.E in Indian history whereas it is the land of Kerala as comprising of the independent territorial unit known as ‘Malayalam’ or 'Malabar' who were under the local chieftains referred to as ‘Chera or Cheraman’ until the 12th century C.E in Indian history and thereafter. : For Example: "The pagans (Hindus) of Malabar (Kerala) believes that a king (i.e a King of Kerala or Cheraman) had once ascended up to heaven and they continue to expect his descent therefore they assemble at cranganore (Kodungallur) and keep ready there wooden sandals, water and adorn the place with lamps and decorations on a certain night of the year" - Tuhfat al Mujahidin (16th Century C.E) : The Dravidian languages of Malayalam, Tamil, Tulu, Kannada, Telugu etc including the Tribal Languages (ex. Irula, Kurumba etc) as consisting of common/similar words are all emerging from a Proto-Dravidian language meaning an undocumented common spoken language in pre-history as attested by all linguists today hence there are places with common names in Kerala and Tamil Nadu even today (ex. Thondi, Musiri etc) thus it doesn't mean that the places of Kerala or 'Keralaputhra' referred to as Tyndis, Muziris etc by the travelers in the past were referring to the settlement of the people of Tamil Nadu or ‘Tamilans’ referred to as a 'Pandi, Chola, Konga, Thonda' in all of known Indian history including Kerala literary works until the 14th Century C.E but the people of Kerala referred to as ‘Keralar' and 'Malayalar' alone in Indian history.

[@ranjithparamashivam1795]

Sangam Cheras were the first of the Tamil great kings - Chera, Chola, Pandiyar.. They had their Capital in Vanchi in Today's Kerala, Karur(old name- Karuvuur) in Tamil Nadu. They had their iron industries in Kodumanal and many other places... Exported their steel swords & other arms to Rome & Greek and other countries.. They created a steel now known as Wootz steel that can pierce the armour of enemies & was in high demand in Meditaranean nations.. We can still find archaeological evidence of that in Kodumanal, Tamil Nadu.. They had 2 major clans - Irumporai & Vanavaramban clans.. Hope they find more about our great kings.. Even the great Tamil literature Silappathikaaram was written by a Chera prince Ilangovadigal..

[@arjunraj823]

Nothing you will find in Kerala unlike TN.

[@jonnelo]

King Phirus of Macedon had a special sword which cut thru armor. Two of these swords were brought from somewhere and he purchased one at a very high price. The writer did not say where that sword came from. Perhaps it came from India.

[@Nithin90]

Sir, The 1st century and 2nd century European travelers specifically refers to the capital of 'Keralaputhra' in Sanskrit (i.e Kaelobothras, Keprobothras etc in Greek) as situated 20 stadia (3 km) inland from the sea-coast or in present day Kerala in which the port city of 'Muziris' (i.e Kodungallur) on the banks of the river 'Pseudostomus' (i.e Periyar river) as situated therefore it was also referred to as 'Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc' by the Foreign Travelers since the 10th Century C.E after the native Malayalam word 'Changalazhi' as denoting the Estuary at Kodungallur hence the Earliest extant Kerala literary works itself refers to the port city of 'Kodungallur' (i.e Muziris in Greek) on the banks of the river Periyar (i.e Pseudostomus in Greek) as the 'Nripapuri' (i.e Capital) of the Kerala king titled as 'Keraladhinatha, Keraladhishvara etc' in Sanskrit (i.e Keralaputhra) in Kerala history For Example: Kerala is not only the country, but also the Kshathriya-king inhabiting the country" - Vaarthika of Kaathyayana pre-3rd Century B.C The Periyar river and its tributaries in Malayalam was known as 'Mahanadhi, Choorni, Marudhvritha, Nau (chalakkudi river) etc' in Sanskrit and the royal family of Mahodayapuram (i.e Makkothayar-Pattanam in Malayalam) titled as belonging to the 'Keralakula' (i.e Kerala-Dynasty) was known as 'Bahuvyapthi' meaning 'having great expansion' (i.e Perum-Padarppu in Malayalam) in the Sanskrit works of Kerala until the 14th Century C.E among which the port-town of Kochi (i.e Gosrinagara in Sanskrit) referred to as 'Cocym' by the Foreign Travelers since the 15th Century C.E was the property of the 'Elaya Thavazhi' referred to as 'Narayana Varma, Govindha Varma, Rama Varma etc' until the 15th Century C.E or since Pre-Portuguese Period in Kerala (Malabar) history. The term 'Keshavan, Kashu, Ashudham etc' in Malayalam are also written as 'Keyavan, Kayu, Ayitham etc' in the inscriptions and similarly, the term 'Muyirikodu' in the inscription is to be read as 'Mushirikodu'. (I.e Muziris in Greek) aka 'Changalazhi' in Malayalam until the 14th Century C.E (i.e Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc) There is an agreement known as 'Muziris-Papyrus' from the 2nd Century C.E which documents the trade agreement between Muziris (i.e Kodungallur) and Alexandria and simialrly, the port-cities of Kerala were at the height of its prosperity with trade relations from all over the world since the 1st Century C.E to the medieval period of Indian history. For Example: “Among all the places in the world I have seen none equal to the Port of Alexandria except Kawlam (Kollam in Kerala) and Calicut (Kozhikodu in Kerala) in India” - Ibn Battuta (14th century C.E)

[@Nithin90]

@@arjunraj823 Please don't support the dishonest historians sir. The kings of Kerala are referred to as 'Kerala, Keralaputhra, Keraladhinatha, Keralakularaja, Keralavarma etc' in all of known Indian history including Kerala literary works. The south Indian invaders from Tamil Nadu, Karnataka etc have referred to the Kerala (Malabar) kings as 'Sera, Serala, Chera, Cherama etc' in their Dravidian languages and as 'Kerala' in Sanskrit until the 12th century C.E in Indian history as it is the Malayali kings alone in the historical accounts of Kerala since the 9th Century C.E as consisting of the chieftain Kolathiri of Kolathunadu, Kurumpiyathiri of Kurumpranadu, Eralathiri of Eranadu, Vellathiri of Valluvanadu, Onathiri of Odanadu, Venathiri of Venadu etc who were the rulers of Kerala (Malabar) until the 18th Century C.E in Kerala history. : For Example: The 15th century inscription of Kanyakumari in Tamil Nadu refers to the Kerala king 'Jayasimha Deva' of Kollam (i.e Kolambhapuri in Sanskrit) as the 'Crowned Monarch' of the 'Chera Lineage' in Matrilineal succession whereas the 16th century inscription of Chidambaram in Tamil Nadu refers to the Kerala king 'Ramavarma Maharaja' of Thiruvanchikulam (i.e Srianjanakhalam in Sanskrit) as the 'Royal Descent' of the mythological king 'Seraman Perumal Nayanar' in Matrilineal succession hence even the foreign traveler Ibn battuta in the 14th Century C.E have also stated that "In Malabar (Kerala), the Kings transmit their sovereignty only to their sisters Son". : The origin of Marumakkathayam (i.e Mathruparamparya in Sanskrit) or the matrilineal inheritance is attributed to the mandate of 'Parashurama' in an epoch known as 'Treta Yuga' in the Kerala tradition thereby as per the traditional Kerala history, a King of Kerala or 'Cheraman' known as 'Ramavarma' had once ruled the entire land from Gokarnam to Kanyakumari after Lord Parashurama in an epoch known as 'KalI Yuga' and he divided the land among the nobles and his throne among his nephew (i.e mahodhayapattanam king) and his crown among his son (i.e kolambhapattanam king) with Kodungallur (i.e thiruvanchikulam) and Kollam (i.e thenvanchi) as their capital within the Kerala-Kingdom (i.e Keraladesha) hence even the foreign traveler Friar Jordanus in the 14th Century have also stated that “In this India (Kerala) never do even the sons of great kings or nobles inherit the goods of their parents, but only the sons of their sisters" : Duarte Barbosa (1480-1521) - “In this land of Malabar (Kerala) from cumbla (kasaragod district) to cape comorin (kanyakumari district), all men use one tongue only which they call Maliama” (i.e Malayalam) : The literary works as found from tamil nadu and sri lanka now called as 'sangam literature's' by modern scholars which refers to the kings and regions of Kerala (i.e sera) are not historical documents but a collection of Hindu, Jain and Buddhist mythology as written in Tamil language between 8th century C.E and 13th century C.E. (ex. pattitrupattu, purananuru, agananuru, silapathikaram, manimegalai etc) as per several historians whereas the oldest Kannada literature is dated to the 9th century C.E , and the oldest Telugu literature is dated to the 11th century C.E, and the oldest Malayalam literature is dated to the 12th century C.E : For Example: 'Ilango Adikal' was the brother of 'Senguttuvan', who is said to have became angry without an enemy worthy to fight and besieged the sea with his spear and their father was 'Nedumseralathan', who is said to have conquered all of India until the Himalayas (i.e Imayamalai) and his father 'Uthiyanseralathan' is said to have fed the armies in the Mahabharata war from Kuttanadu in Kerala (i.e sera nadu in tamil). : There existed no 'illango adikal, senguttuvan, nedumserlaathan, uthiyanseralaathan etc' in Kerala history or Indian history during the period of Ptolemy, Pliny or Ashoka's time when the sovereign of Kerala was titled as 'Keralaputhra' in Sanskrit. (Ex.Kerobothros by Ptolemy or Keprobotros by the author of the Periplus or Kaelobothras in Pliny's text or Ketalaputho in the Ashoka Edicts of 3rd century B.C). : The terms ''sangam chera' and 'second chera' are made up by historians to create an 'historical time period' for the occurrence of the mythological events and kings as relating to the hindu, jain, buddhist mythology of Tamil Nadu hence the Kerala Kings such as 'Rama Rajashekharan' and 'Sthanu Ravi Kulashekharan' in Kerala History are falsely assumed to be the 'Seraman perumal nayanar', a Hindu shaivite king and 'Kulashekhara Azhwar', a Hindu vaishnavite king' of Hindu mythology in Tamil. (i.e divya prabandham, periyapuranam) : For Example: In the traditional Hindu mythology, The Chera aka Kerala king 'Maharaja Kulashekhara' was born in Kerala to 'Maharaja Dridhavratha' more than 5000 years ago when the territory as ruled by the Chera aka Kerala king covered the largest portion of Dravidadesha (dravida region) including vast regions of modern Tamil Nadu once referred to as 'Kongu-Nadu, Pandi-Nadu, Chola-Nadu etc' in Indian history. : The literary works of tamil nadu now called as 'sangam literature's' by modern scholars as found written in a mixture of Tamil script, Grantha script and Telugu script which refers to the kings and regions of Kerala (i.e sera-nadu in tamil) and numerous other chieftains of the mountainous tracts and elsewhere in Tamil Nadu region such as Andiran, Nandan, Pekan, Nalli, Ori, Kari etc are not historical documents or historical figures but a collection of Hindu, Jain and Buddhist mythology of Tamil Nadu as written in Tamil language between 8th century C.E and 13th century C.E. (ex. pattitrupattu, purananuru, agananuru, silapathikaram, manimegalai etc) as per several historians whereas the oldest Kannada literature is dated to the 9th century C.E , and the oldest Telugu literature is dated to the 11th century C.E, and the oldest Malayalam literature is dated to the 12th century C.E. : For Example: The characters of 'Kannagi and Kovalan' in the Jain prequel 'Silapathikaram' and the Buddhist sequel 'Manimegalai' of Tamil Nadu is 'Kanyavu and Balakan' in the native Old Malayalam ballad of Kerala known as 'Thottam Paattu' in which 'Kanyavu' killed the Pandian king and burned down Madurai and Lord Shiva established her abode at Thiruvanchikulam (i.e Kodungallur) in the Kerala tradition. : The Jain prequel 'Silapathikaram' and the Buddhist sequel 'Manimegalai' of Tamil Nadu are abounded in the references to Brahmanas, Vedic Yajnas and even the art forms of Kerala as present to this very day but the story and the pseudonym or the characters of Ilango adikal, Kannagi, Kovalan, Senguttuvan, Nedumchezhiyan etc are neither historical figures nor historical documents but fictional characters of the traditional mythology of Tamil Nadu and not part of Kerala tradition. The Dravidian languages of Malayalam, Tamil, Tulu, Kannada, Telugu etc including the Tribal Languages (ex. Irula, Kurumba etc) are all emerging from a Proto-Dravidian language meaning an undocumented common spoken language in pre-history as attested by all linguists today.

[@karthikvpc]

​@@Nithin90 😂😂😂😂

[@jairammenon27]

Happy to hear about Kodungalloor, an abrevuation for " Koti Linga Puram" meaning a town with a crore Siva Lingas. The Cheras ruled from this location also known as Mahodaya Puram. The kings were known as Perumals. The port was fed by the river Periyar, which changed course due to floods between 11- 13 century CE. This change in course also foemed the Kochi estuary which is the Kochi Harbour today. Myths and Fables abound as to the decline and disappearance of Muziris. The decline of Muziris also saw the rise of the Zamorins of Calicut, the Venad/ later Travancore and the Cochin kingdoms. Glad to contribute.

[@pattamadaiksivaswami9454]

Don't Cook up Stories

[@s9ka972]

@@pattamadaiksivaswami9454 it's the fact

[@s9ka972]

@@pattamadaiksivaswami9454 Ugly Dark Tamils cook up story saying that Kerala is Tamil .

[@pramoddaslohya3174]

The name signifies it all, Pattanam in Malayalam literally means a big city. (All big cities in Kerala were referred to as Pattanam, after the busy metropolitan city of Pattanam of the yesteryears. Moreover the capital of the Chera Dynasty (ruled present day Tamilnadu and Kerala) was at Mahodayapuram / Thiruvanchikulam, present day Kodugallur just near the present day hamlet of Pattanam. The presiding deity of the Kodugallur temple is Badhra Kali and She is often referred to as Kannaki of the classical Tamil text of Chilapadikaram. It is interesting to note that first ever Mosque in the entire Indian Subcontinent, dedicated to Cheraman Perumal (Chera King) is situated at Kodugallur near Pattanam.

[@vlrlt-a]

The first muziris port was in gujarat.

[@petersingh1655]

Palki once again you have amazed me…after watching your program I am feeling 2000 years old….keep digging and educate the world 🌎 about BHARAT…cheers

[@StySiddhi]

We must bring up the KURDISTAN matter in international foras, each time Turcs pronounce the word Kashmir. Not doing it is our WEAKNESS !

[@VijayKumar-io2xy]

YES but PROACTIVELY.. Like the Chinese we should have our own propaganda machine secretly funded by the government. It's hard to do clandestine operations from a Democratic Government. Balochistan tried to join with India. Gilgit trying to rejoin India. We must make big noise about these things.

[@hirenahir76200]

Agree

[@bpi8940]

Agree/Disagree Agree because it will be a perfect reply for Turkey. Disagree because it will tarnish the friendly relations with Iraq, Syria and most importantly, Iran.

[@StySiddhi]

@@bpi8940 These countries also support the Kashmir issue through OIC. Don't they tarnish their relations with India ? Thus they must know that their issues can also be brought up ! But Iraq, Syria have different attitude toward their Kurds. In Iraq, Kurds have greater autonomy.

[@aungmyint147]

Great story telling of India's undisputed past (thousand year history) parallel to Roman Empire.

[@suseeln]

It was not India. It was Chera Empire.

[@aosaeanor]

The rise of Deccan Sultanate in Southern India is an interesting read. As well as the slaves that were brought to South India & who became very powerful in India . In the medieval period or even earlier slaves were commonly brought to India mainly from Abyssinia, Africa . Many were also brought from areas that now are known as Middle East, Turkey, Iran . Malik Ambar was one such slave who became very powerful. Qasim Barid of Bidar which was part of the Deccan Sultanate was a slave from Turkey.

[@dhirajgupta7435]

​@@suseelnPoisonous Left everywhere! You must continue to think that you're unconquerable like Ravana so that inevitable can happen.

[@suseeln]

@@dhirajgupta7435 Gobar right everwhere. You think, you can fool people like Asaram Bapu or Bhalesh Dhandkar by showing of patriotism?

[@nousername1587]

@@suseeln remember what happened to tamilians in Sri Lanka due to this separatist mindset

[@chane-x2s]

Happy to learn the history of the city Muziris.Thanks.

[@ayapillavenkatesh7516]

Palki the way you narrate makes listening to you irresistible. Although the topic is full of data, your command over the language, diction, and flow mesmerizes the listeners. I am proud that you are Bharat ki Beti.

[@sushilwadnere5384]

What a detailed analysis and how saddening it is to hear that we have always been looted by everyone…

[@susilaranikambhampati1287]

oh, how l love to listen to you! i am 82 and going strong. my one pleasure is to listen to you. thank you.

[@BLUERAY1611]

This channel gives us the true history then our text book.

[@sangeethapari8341]

Korkai, Thondi and Musiri are 3 great ports of three Tamil kingdoms. They flourished and brought power and wealth to them.

[@christineannclerino4008]

Archaeology is very interesting job and takes a lot of patience to find the right location of digging in order to know the ancient past civilization and learn in the present or future.

[@devotion240]

In the 21st BC, during the reign of the Roman Emperor Augustus, there are references in the greek book "Periplus of the Erythraean Sea" to the opening of an embassy in Rome on behalf of the Tamil emperor Pandiyan ruler of Madurai. The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea is an eyewitness account of ancient travel to Africa and India via the Red Sea written by an unknown Greek-speaking Egyptian author in the 1st century CE. History has it that the Nedunchezhiya Pandiyan ruler of Madurai appointed Roman soldiers as his bodyguards and guardians of his city.

[@vasanthamvijaykumar6381]

Keep going and bring the great indian civilization and culture enlighten the historians of India that we had a great civilization, not imported by the moghuls and the British, wish you a long prosperous career daughter, blessings and best wishes

[@kensimmo]

I appreciate Palki's passion for her country India, like a mother's love for a deaf child.

[@TheB657]

Thank you for the beautiful illustrative presentation. I wish to add that the word 'Muziris' is anglicized form of 'Muchiri' that translates to a 'fork' , 'bend' or 'divergence' of a single river into two. Meaning the port of Muchiri must have been at the pivotal junction of the separation or merging of two rivers into one leading to the Arabian Sea from where the westerners would have entered leading them straight to Muziris port. This port was largely thought to be Kodungalur. It was called 'Muchiri Patnam' and is situated at the mouth of the Periyar river exactly where Muziris is supposed to be. Pattanam on the other hand is very inner. not at the mouth of any major river. Muchiri patnam should be Kodungalur. The seat of the Cheran Perumals and later the Kingdom of Cochin.

[@aswinvellaichamysivanantha7697]

I wish Palki was my history teacher.... back then...

[@theawesomeman9821]

I don't like her as a news anchor because of her bias but I do respect her ability to explain history.

[@archit2894]

​@@theawesomeman9821 or maybe you're biased and you dont want to hear the other side or that particular news

[@kshitizsrivastava9429]

​@@archit2894to which side she is bias?

[@theawesomeman9821]

@@archit2894 of course I am bias. I am bias against degrading propoganda.

[@aditichavan3427]

very much Nicely made and presented 👌👌🔥🔥...we expect more content like this....Kudos !!

[@senthilpn2752]

Thanks a lot. South Indian history is mostly ignored...and forgotten...

[@ash_aaa]

This is awesome finding.. Hope to have more such kind of reasearch.. ❤

[@anikalaghari1919]

Wow, another historic amazing episode which we have never heard. Huge thank you!

[@carolinamoreno7372]

Such a fantastic # Flashback, Palki! It could well have disappeared due to a cyclone or another weather-related event. I believe that something really important will be found in Kerala if only 1% has been excavated. How fortuitous of that student to have found that treasure. Let's all hope and pray that more artifacts from will be found-proving indeed that Mizuris was a thriving city!

[@yuvarudra6602]

Your way of telling history is great. No need school. No need books. Congratz Ms Palki Sharma. Your the Best. 😊👍

[@AswinskEkm]

Muzaris port was situated near today's kodungallur in Kerala. It is said that a huge flood occurred in 1341 in the Periyar river and deposits of the flood in the bay stopped the arrival of big ships to the port. All the deposited sand from flooding give birth to a new island called vypin that is where my home is

[@allwindavid1739]

Pallippuram 🙋

[@athul7173]

Kodungallur 🙋‍♂

[@Nithin90]

Sir, The 18th Century folk-tale as recorded by the Traveler 'Paolino da San Bartolomeo' that the 'Puthuvaippu Era' of Malabar (Kerala) beginning at 1341 C.E was the formation of the group of Islands from out of the sea is disproven by the Elamkunnapuzha Temple records which refers to its construction as 'Kali Era' chronogram 'Visvesasaktimaya' or 1185 C.E. The 1st century and 2nd century European travelers specifically refers to the capital of 'Keralaputhra' in Sanskrit (i.e Kaelobothras, Keprobothras etc in Greek) as situated 20 stadia (3 km) inland from the sea-coast or in present day Kerala in which the port city of 'Muziris' (i.e Kodungallur) on the banks of the river 'Pseudostomus' (i.e Periyar river) as situated therefore it was also referred to as 'Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc' by the Foreign Travelers since the 10th Century C.E after the native Malayalam word 'Changalazhi' as denoting the Estuary at Kodungallur hence the Earliest extant Kerala literary works itself refers to the port city of 'Kodungallur' (i.e Muziris in Greek) on the banks of the river Periyar (i.e Pseudostomus in Greek) as the 'Nripapuri' (i.e Capital) of the Kerala king titled as 'Keraladhinatha, Keraladhishvara etc' in Sanskrit (i.e Keralaputhra) in Kerala history For Example: Kerala is not only the country, but also the Kshathriya-king inhabiting the country" - Vaarthika of Kaathyayana pre-3rd Century B.C The Periyar river and its tributaries in Malayalam was known as 'Mahanadhi, Choorni, Marudhvritha, Nau (chalakkudi river) etc' in Sanskrit and the royal family of Mahodayapuram (i.e Makkothayar-Pattanam in Malayalam) titled as belonging to the 'Keralakula' (i.e Kerala-Dynasty) was known as 'Bahuvyapthi' meaning 'having great expansion' (i.e Perum-Padarppu in Malayalam) in the Sanskrit works of Kerala until the 14th Century C.E among which the port-town of Kochi (i.e Gosrinagara in Sanskrit) referred to as 'Cocym' by the Foreign Travelers since the 15th Century C.E was the property of the 'Elaya Thavazhi' referred to as 'Narayana Varma, Govindha Varma, Rama Varma etc' until the 15th Century C.E or since Pre-Portuguese Period in Kerala (Malabar) history. The term 'Keshavan, Kashu, Ashudham etc' in Malayalam are also written as 'Keyavan, Kayu, Ayitham etc' in the inscriptions and similarly, the term 'Muyirikodu' in the inscription is to be read as 'Mushirikodu'. (I.e Muziris in Greek) aka 'Changalazhi' in Malayalam until the 14th Century C.E (i.e Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc) There is an agreement known as 'Muziris-Papyrus' from the 2nd Century C.E which documents the trade agreement between Muziris (i.e Kodungallur) and Alexandria and simialrly, the port-cities of Kerala were at the height of its prosperity with trade relations from all over the world since the 1st Century C.E to the medieval period of Indian history. For Example: “Among all the places in the world I have seen none equal to the Port of Alexandria except Kawlam (Kollam in Kerala) and Calicut (Kozhikodu in Kerala) in India” - Ibn Battuta (14th century C.E)

[@ajayk934]

purampakam onnu kuzhichu nokku bhagyamundel swarnam kittaam

[@Nithin90]

The port-cities and towns of Kerala (i.e Keralaputhra in Sanskrit) such as 'Tyndis, Kalaikarias, Bramagara etc' including 'Muziris' up to Komari (i.e Kanyakumari in Sanskrit) as mentioned by the Foreign travelers cannot be satisfactorily identified with current names in Kerala unlike the Indian cities as mentioned by the Foreign travelers such as 'Modura (Madurai) in Tamil Nadu (i.e Madhura in Sanskrit), or Souppara (Sopara) in Maharashtra (i.e Surparaka in Sanskrit), or Barygaza (Bharuch) in Gujarat (i.e Bhrigukaccha in Sanskrit) etc' but that doesn't mean that a catastrophic flood had destroyed Kerala ports & reshaped Kerala geography in the past unlike elsewhere in India. The sovereign of Kerala (Malabar) was titled as ‘Keralaputhra’ in Sanskrit since the 3rd Century B.C therefore the south Indian invaders from Tamil Nadu, Karnataka etc have also referred to the Kerala (Malabar) kings as 'Sera, Serala, Chera, Cherama etc' in their Dravidian languages and as 'Kerala' in Sanskrit until the 12th century C.E in Indian history. The Invaders from Tamil Nadu such as the Chola king in his Sanskrit inscription has stated that "he had crossed the sahya mountains (western ghats) and destroyed the Kerala king and his country (Kerala) protected by the chief of the Brigus (i.e Lord Parashurama - Ex. "Jithva Kerala Bhupathim Brigupatheschithva Thapo Rakshitham Prithvim") which itself shows that the land of Kerala was known as the Parashurama Kshetra (i.e creation of parashurama) among even the non-keralites in history. For Example: "The pagans (Hindus) of Malabar (Kerala) believes that a king (i.e a King of Kerala or Cheraman) had once ascended up to heaven and they continue to expect his descent therefore they assemble at cranganore (Kodungallur) and keep ready there wooden sandals, water and adorn the place with lamps and decorations on a certain night of the year" - Tuhfat al Mujahidin (16th Century C.E) It was the tradition among the Hindus of Kerala that a legendary king titled as 'Cheraman Perumal, Cheraman Thampuran, Cheraman Ramavarma etc' of the Kerala (Malabar) tradition aka 'Vira Kerala Chakravarthi' had once divided his possessions between Gokarnam and Kanyakumari as well as his 'Sceptre (chenkol), Crown (mudi), Sword (val) etc' among his nephews and sons of the Kerala-Country (i.e Malayalam, Malanadu, Malamandalam etc) as consisting of 'Kolathiri of Kolathunadu, Eralathiri of Eranadu, Venathiri of Venadu etc' and ascended up to heaven unlike the tradition current among the 'Muslims, Christians etc' of Kerala (Malabar) history. For Example: Diego de Couto (16th Century) - "It is the tradition among the Christians of Malabar (Kerala) that a 'Xarao Perimal' (Cheraman Perumal) of Cranganore (Kodungallur) was so very well affected to them and that through them he was converted to Christianity and persuaded to go to Meliapor (Mylapore in Tamil Nadu)" The term 'Chera, Cheraman etc' in the folk-songs of Kerala are denoting the Kerala (Malabar) kings of 'Kodungallur' aka Mahodayapuram (Thiruvanchikulam) referred to as 'Keraladhinatha, Keraladhishvara etc' in Sanskrit since pre-portuguese period who gave the Christians, Muslims, Jews etc a place to trade and live in Kerala and not any mythological 'Sera' kings of the local Tamil Nadu literary works or the fictional 'Chera Perumal' of the 18th century 'Keralolpathi' literary work etc.

[@tamizh-history-channel679]

Thanks to Firstpost and Palki sharma for talking about the history of south india which is not much discussed in the north. The Pattanam is a Tamizh word which means the well developed civilized city near to Sea shore which served as a sea port. examples are Nagapattanam, visagapattanam etc. In north there is no sea but there was a huge River Ganges which helped in business through ship navigation thus the city next to it is named as Patna (just short form of Pattanam/Pattinam). Simillarly Pakkam means a well developed settlement near sea shore. Mostly inhabited by Sea farers and fishermen. Nahar / Nagar / Nagaram means a well developed city next to River. Ur means a well developed metropolitan city Kamam (later changed as Kramam) is a small settlement where people live together with love and harmony.

[@ritswik]

Even before Muziris there was a port called Meluha that traded with Mesopotamia, that place also remains a mystery . India lost a whole lot of history because of Invasion and destruction

[@ayushgaurincredible]

This was long long long ago around 3000 to 2300 BC .😂

[@aosaeanor]

True. The numerous invasions as well as with the settling in of Muslim, Mughal & English rulers , India lost plenty of its history & even many of its literature, monuments & such that were proof of that history. When in the Battle of Talikota Vijaynagar Empire fell to the Muslim rulers of Deccan Sultanate , the plunder, loot & massacre of people lasted for a couple of months or more . What's remains of the Vijaynagar empire is Hampi which also .has very little left intact. When Jhansi fell, the first thing English did was to burn the place where books, documents & records were stored. With it followed the systematic loot of Jhansi. First the Senior English , followed by lower ranks of English and then what was left was open for Indians to loot .

[@Nithin90]

Sir, The 1st century and 2nd century European travelers specifically refers to the capital of 'Keralaputhra' in Sanskrit (i.e Kaelobothras, Keprobothras etc in Greek) as situated 20 stadia (3 km) inland from the sea-coast or in present day Kerala in which the port city of 'Muziris' (i.e Kodungallur) on the banks of the river 'Pseudostomus' (i.e Periyar river) as situated therefore it was also referred to as 'Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc' by the Foreign Travelers since the 10th Century C.E after the native Malayalam word 'Changalazhi' as denoting the Estuary at Kodungallur hence the Earliest extant Kerala literary works itself refers to the port city of 'Kodungallur' (i.e Muziris in Greek) on the banks of the river Periyar (i.e Pseudostomus in Greek) as the 'Nripapuri' (i.e Capital) of the Kerala king titled as 'Keraladhinatha, Keraladhishvara etc' in Sanskrit (i.e Keralaputhra) in Kerala history For Example: Kerala is not only the country, but also the Kshathriya-king inhabiting the country" - Vaarthika of Kaathyayana pre-3rd Century B.C The Periyar river and its tributaries in Malayalam was known as 'Mahanadhi, Choorni, Marudhvritha, Nau (chalakkudi river) etc' in Sanskrit and the royal family of Mahodayapuram (i.e Makkothayar-Pattanam in Malayalam) titled as belonging to the 'Keralakula' (i.e Kerala-Dynasty) was known as 'Bahuvyapthi' meaning 'having great expansion' (i.e Perum-Padarppu in Malayalam) in the Sanskrit works of Kerala until the 14th Century C.E among which the port-town of Kochi (i.e Gosrinagara in Sanskrit) referred to as 'Cocym' by the Foreign Travelers since the 15th Century C.E was the property of the 'Elaya Thavazhi' referred to as 'Narayana Varma, Govindha Varma, Rama Varma etc' until the 15th Century C.E or since Pre-Portuguese Period in Kerala (Malabar) history. The term 'Keshavan, Kashu, Ashudham etc' in Malayalam are also written as 'Keyavan, Kayu, Ayitham etc' in the inscriptions and similarly, the term 'Muyirikodu' in the inscription is to be read as 'Mushirikodu'. (I.e Muziris in Greek) aka 'Changalazhi' in Malayalam until the 14th Century C.E (i.e Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc) There is an agreement known as 'Muziris-Papyrus' from the 2nd Century C.E which documents the trade agreement between Muziris (i.e Kodungallur) and Alexandria and simialrly, the port-cities of Kerala were at the height of its prosperity with trade relations from all over the world since the 1st Century C.E to the medieval period of Indian history. For Example: “Among all the places in the world I have seen none equal to the Port of Alexandria except Kawlam (Kollam in Kerala) and Calicut (Kozhikodu in Kerala) in India” - Ibn Battuta (14th century C.E)

[@hariharan5594]

Thank you so much Palki, you are covering our South Indian history which is still ignored by our government and unable to digest the rich South Indian history and culture by North Indians.

[@santoshnair007]

Just a small correction: Pattanam is in Ernakulam Dist. so it should be somewhere in the middle of Kerala map; you are showing Pattanam in the northern part of Kerala - that is inaccurate. Yes, Pattanam is famous for its trade ties with Roman empire.

[@Nithin90]

The port-cities and towns of Kerala (i.e Keralaputhra in Sanskrit) such as 'Tyndis, Kalaikarias, Bramagara etc' including 'Muziris' up to Komari (i.e Kanyakumari in Sanskrit) as mentioned by the Foreign travelers cannot be satisfactorily identified with current names in Kerala unlike the Indian cities as mentioned by the Foreign travelers such as 'Modura (Madurai) in Tamil Nadu (i.e Madhura in Sanskrit), or Souppara (Sopara) in Maharashtra (i.e Surparaka in Sanskrit), or Barygaza (Bharuch) in Gujarat (i.e Bhrigukaccha in Sanskrit) etc' but that doesn't mean that a catastrophic flood had destroyed Kerala ports & reshaped Kerala geography in the past unlike elsewhere in India. Joao Maria Campori - 1604 A.D - "The greater part of these Christians believe that they have descended from those whom St. Thomas baptized at Mylapore (Tamil Nadu), and who later on, migrated over to the Malabar coast (Kerala)." There are several articles on the web regarding how Communists and Christians such as Istvan Perczel, a Hungarian scholar of Early Christianity as invited by the Kerala Council for Historical Research (KCHR) are trying to attach an insignificant place known as 'Pattanam' in Kerala with no historical references as the 'Muziris' of the 1st Century C.E to create spurious evidence of the arrival of the Apostle St. Thomas in India. For Example: "The effort by a section of historians to establish Pattanam as Muziris is to impose the belief on us that St.Thomas, one of the apostles of Jesus Christ, was the one who led the first settlement in Pattanam." - R. Nagaswamy (the former director of Tamil Nadu Archaeology) The sovereign of Kerala (Malabar) was titled as ‘Keralaputhra’ in Sanskrit since the 3rd Century B.C therefore the south Indian invaders from Tamil Nadu, Karnataka etc have also referred to the Kerala (Malabar) kings as 'Sera, Serala, Chera, Cherama etc' in their Dravidian languages and as 'Kerala' in Sanskrit until the 12th century C.E in Indian history. The Invaders from Tamil Nadu such as the Chola king in his Sanskrit inscription has stated that "he had crossed the sahya mountains (western ghats) and destroyed the Kerala king and his country (Kerala) protected by the chief of the Brigus (i.e Lord Parashurama - Ex. "Jithva Kerala Bhupathim Brigupatheschithva Thapo Rakshitham Prithvim") which itself shows that the land of Kerala was known as the Parashurama Kshetra (i.e creation of parashurama) among even the non-keralites in history. For Example: "The pagans (Hindus) of Malabar (Kerala) believes that a king (i.e a King of Kerala or Cheraman) had once ascended up to heaven and they continue to expect his descent therefore they assemble at cranganore (Kodungallur) and keep ready there wooden sandals, water and adorn the place with lamps and decorations on a certain night of the year" - Tuhfat al Mujahidin (16th Century C.E) It was the tradition among the Hindus of Kerala that a legendary king titled as 'Cheraman Perumal, Cheraman Thampuran, Cheraman Ramavarma etc' of the Kerala (Malabar) tradition aka 'Vira Kerala Chakravarthi' had once divided his possessions between Gokarnam and Kanyakumari as well as his 'Sceptre (chenkol), Crown (mudi), Sword (val) etc' among his nephews and sons of the Kerala-Country (i.e Malayalam, Malanadu, Malamandalam etc) as consisting of 'Kolathiri of Kolathunadu, Eralathiri of Eranadu, Venathiri of Venadu etc' and ascended up to heaven unlike the tradition current among the 'Muslims, Christians etc' of Kerala (Malabar) history. For Example: Diego de Couto (16th Century) - "It is the tradition among the Christians of Malabar (Kerala) that a 'Xarao Perimal' (Cheraman Perumal) of Cranganore (Kodungallur) was so very well affected to them and that through them he was converted to Christianity and persuaded to go to Meliapor (Mylapore in Tamil Nadu)" The term 'Chera, Cheraman etc' in the folk-songs of Kerala are denoting the Kerala (Malabar) kings of 'Kodungallur' aka Mahodayapuram (Thiruvanchikulam) referred to as 'Keraladhinatha, Keraladhishvara etc' in Sanskrit since pre-portuguese period who gave the Christians, Muslims, Jews etc a place to trade and live in Kerala and not any mythological 'Sera' kings of the local Tamil Nadu literary works or the fictional 'Chera Perumal' of the 18th century 'Keralolpathi' literary work etc.

[@Nithin90]

Sir, The term 'Makkothai, Vanchi, Musiri, Karuvur, Kodunkolur etc' in the Tamil Nadu literary works and inscriptions until the 12th Century C.E are denoting the Capital of the Kerala (Malabar) king known as 'Mahodayapuram or Thiruvanchikulam or Kodungalloor' etc in the Kerala literary works until the 14th Century C.E. The Dravidian languages of Malayalam, Tamil, Tulu, Kannada, Telugu etc including the Tribal Languages (ex. Irula, Kurumba etc) as consisting of common/similar words are all emerging from a Proto-Dravidian language meaning an undocumented common spoken language in pre-history as attested by all linguists today hence there are places with common names in Kerala and Tamil Nadu even today (ex. Thondi, Musiri, Vanchi, Karuvur, etc) thus it doesn't mean that the places of Kerala or 'Keralaputhra' referred to as 'Tyndis, Muziris, Karoura etc' by the travelers in the past were referring to the settlement of the people of Tamil Nadu or ‘Tamilans’ referred to as a 'Pandi, Chola, Konga, Thonda' in all of known Indian history including Kerala literary works until the 14th Century C.E but the people of Kerala referred to as ‘Keralar' and 'Malayalar' alone in Indian history. The land as bounded by the Malayadri mountains (western ghats) to the East and the Ocean to the West is known as the 'Malayalam Country' or 'Keralam' in all of known Indian history as For Example, the 11th century Sanskrit Poet Bilhana in his work refers to several kingdoms as having surrendered to the King Vikrama (1076 - 1126 C.E) of Karnataka including Konkana (konkan region), Alupa (tulu region), Chola, Pandya etc whereas the poet Bilhana mentions that the Elephants of the King Vikrama as having stirred the sandalwood trees on the Malaya Mountains (western ghats) in his conquest of Kerala. For Example: “Abhajyantha gajaisthasya leelayaa malayaadhruma samam Kerala….” - Vikramankadevacharitha - Kavi Bilhana (11th Century C.E) The land of 'Kerala or Keralajanapadha or Keralaputhra' in Indian history since the 3rd Century B.C referred to as Malayalam, Malanadu, Malamandalam etc in Kerala history after the Sanskrit word 'Malaya' as denoting the western ghats did not consist of any region east of the Ghats or the region of Tamil Nadu once referred to as 'Kongu-Nadu, Pandi-Nadu, Chola-Nadu etc' in Indian history until the 12th Century C.E or thereafter in Kerala (Malabar) history.

[@TheRishijoesanu]

Pattanam is a part of Thrissur district. Border of Thrissur and Kochi

[@pandirajan1991]

Great!! It's totally New info for me. Thanks

[@ratnakamal1]

I wrote several months ago that Palki’s choice of topics is eclectic. Rec’d a few caustic comments on the post. I repeat my earlier post. While the other newscasters talk excitedly and shrilly about the topic of the day, Palki talks about Muziris. Watching Palki is like going to graduate school again. It is a beautiful experience.

[@awardtemp5937]

Very nice. Thank you for the wonderful flashback on Muzaris. You are doing a wonderful job. 🎉🎉🎉

[@arunraina5983]

Palki is excellent repoter.👍

[@sriram1674]

Forgotten history of cheras

[@Sne-cu7nx]

Cheras are malayalis

[@AjayGupta-cp9hn]

Anyone from around the world will subscribe to your channel just to see, listen to your beautiful style of journalism to make things understandable with straight and simple words .. that's the kind of public are which r seriously getting mad about your Showtime n waiting to listen to you eagerly........

[@amirmohamed6800]

Surely we all be be antique one fine Day .. carbon dated .. life will continue with onother palki ...very educative

[@pe9450]

Delighted to know the historic wealth of south india. Thankyou First Post team for this video and Palki for her excellent presentation.

[@DNRP-d6r]

What a great episode. Thank you! Try to educate the viewers with your research, but make sure you take an impartial approach and never put your personal spin into the historical information you gather no matter how fragmented it might be. Thank you again for the good work.

[@gowthamkarthikeyan3359]

Tamil artefacts alone they will get. It's all because of four Tamil kings who ruled the southern part of India. 1.The Cheras 2. The chozhas 3. Pandyas Finally 4. Pallavs ( underrated kingdom)

[@ranjithparamashivam1795]

சங்க இலக்கிய நூலான பதிற்றுப்பத்தில் சங்க காலத்தில் வாழ்ந்த சேரர்களைப் பற்றிய பாடல்களும் அவர்கள் செய்த கொடைகளும் போர்களும் மற்றும் பல்வேறு செய்திகளும் இடம்பெற்றுள்ளன...

[@ufosrus]

Thanks to Palki for covering this interesting point in India's history and I hope she will continue to bring more of these. Also thanks to the commentators in this column which add even more interesting facts to the subject.

[@edwin1041]

The port of Muzris is most probably near current port city of Kochi towards north of it. Every hundred years there were devastating floods and gradually Muzris lost its prominence to Kochi. Muzris is there probably bit inside the current seas probably at the river fronts of river Periyar?

[@Nithin90]

The port-cities and towns of Kerala (i.e Keralaputhra in Sanskrit) such as 'Tyndis, Kalaikarias, Bramagara etc' including 'Muziris' up to Komari (i.e Kanyakumari in Sanskrit) as mentioned by the Foreign travelers cannot be satisfactorily identified with current names in Kerala unlike the Indian cities as mentioned by the Foreign travelers such as 'Modura (Madurai) in Tamil Nadu (i.e Madhura in Sanskrit), or Souppara (Sopara) in Maharashtra (i.e Surparaka in Sanskrit), or Barygaza (Bharuch) in Gujarat (i.e Bhrigukaccha in Sanskrit) etc' but that doesn't mean that a catastrophic flood had destroyed Kerala ports & reshaped Kerala geography in the past unlike elsewhere in India. Joao Maria Campori - 1604 A.D - "The greater part of these Christians believe that they have descended from those whom St. Thomas baptized at Mylapore (Tamil Nadu), and who later on, migrated over to the Malabar coast (Kerala)." There are several articles on the web regarding how Communists and Christians such as Istvan Perczel, a Hungarian scholar of Early Christianity as invited by the Kerala Council for Historical Research (KCHR) are trying to attach an insignificant place known as 'Pattanam' in Kerala with no historical references as the 'Muziris' of the 1st Century C.E to create spurious evidence of the arrival of the Apostle St. Thomas in India. For Example: "The effort by a section of historians to establish Pattanam as Muziris is to impose the belief on us that St.Thomas, one of the apostles of Jesus Christ, was the one who led the first settlement in Pattanam." - R. Nagaswamy (the former director of Tamil Nadu Archaeology) The sovereign of Kerala (Malabar) was titled as ‘Keralaputhra’ in Sanskrit since the 3rd Century B.C therefore the south Indian invaders from Tamil Nadu, Karnataka etc have also referred to the Kerala (Malabar) kings as 'Sera, Serala, Chera, Cherama etc' in their Dravidian languages and as 'Kerala' in Sanskrit until the 12th century C.E in Indian history. The Invaders from Tamil Nadu such as the Chola king in his Sanskrit inscription has stated that "he had crossed the sahya mountains (western ghats) and destroyed the Kerala king and his country (Kerala) protected by the chief of the Brigus (i.e Lord Parashurama - Ex. "Jithva Kerala Bhupathim Brigupatheschithva Thapo Rakshitham Prithvim") which itself shows that the land of Kerala was known as the Parashurama Kshetra (i.e creation of parashurama) among even the non-keralites in history. For Example: "The pagans (Hindus) of Malabar (Kerala) believes that a king (i.e a King of Kerala or Cheraman) had once ascended up to heaven and they continue to expect his descent therefore they assemble at cranganore (Kodungallur) and keep ready there wooden sandals, water and adorn the place with lamps and decorations on a certain night of the year" - Tuhfat al Mujahidin (16th Century C.E) It was the tradition among the Hindus of Kerala that a legendary king titled as 'Cheraman Perumal, Cheraman Thampuran, Cheraman Ramavarma etc' of the Kerala (Malabar) tradition aka 'Vira Kerala Chakravarthi' had once divided his possessions between Gokarnam and Kanyakumari as well as his 'Sceptre (chenkol), Crown (mudi), Sword (val) etc' among his nephews and sons of the Kerala-Country (i.e Malayalam, Malanadu, Malamandalam etc) as consisting of 'Kolathiri of Kolathunadu, Eralathiri of Eranadu, Venathiri of Venadu etc' and ascended up to heaven unlike the tradition current among the 'Muslims, Christians etc' of Kerala (Malabar) history. For Example: Diego de Couto (16th Century) - "It is the tradition among the Christians of Malabar (Kerala) that a 'Xarao Perimal' (Cheraman Perumal) of Cranganore (Kodungallur) was so very well affected to them and that through them he was converted to Christianity and persuaded to go to Meliapor (Mylapore in Tamil Nadu)" The term 'Chera, Cheraman etc' in the folk-songs of Kerala are denoting the Kerala (Malabar) kings of 'Kodungallur' aka Mahodayapuram (Thiruvanchikulam) referred to as 'Keraladhinatha, Keraladhishvara etc' in Sanskrit since pre-portuguese period who gave the Christians, Muslims, Jews etc a place to trade and live in Kerala and not any mythological 'Sera' kings of the local Tamil Nadu literary works or the fictional 'Chera Perumal' of the 18th century 'Keralolpathi' literary work etc.

[@JOPTHIAWKHARJANA2000]

The way Palki Speak and pronounced each and every word and delivered the message is mind blowing. Ma'am Palki Sharma is the best ❤🔥🔥

[@dieanramlal8591]

I am waiting palki Sharma for my History Lesson blessings

[@Rich-qb9ui]

Great commentary. Hopefully the world is watching and India's contribution to the world becomes known.

[@shashimenon1000]

Nice one Palki. Unfortunately all that remains today is the Kochi Muziris biennial! Do check it out. Shashi.

[@justsurfing1602]

I was worried for Palki cause we didn't see her for a day/two🙊 I am just so in love with this woman and her way of delivering the news, her journalism everything. I don't always agree with what she says but yet I like to know what is her take on that particular situation 🙌🏼🙏🏼❤️

[@dondrumpf5422]

She is a hateful liar!! A shameless brainless India's Indian nationalist!! Shame on her!!!

[@lakshmikaandhangovindarajulu]

Palki, please talk about Tanjore's big temple, Raja Raja Cholan and Keeladi..; please form a team for research in Tamilnadu. Make the news for every day. Definitely, you will get your 2 million subscribers soon. 💙

[@suambuli]

she did listen and did Navy story

[@lakshmikaandhangovindarajulu]

@@suambuli Thank you.

[@sibioommen2362]

Such videos will imbue a positive spirit and foster pride among citizens. Many may not have even heard of the historical place called Muziris, so it serves as new and informative content for them. Appreciating and engaging in such valuable content prevents wasting time on negative and unproductive material often presented as propaganda on various channels👍

[@Ems1382]

❤ Happy palki is back😊

[@rajkrishnan3651]

Pattanam is originally a Tamil words and musiris place has its origin to ancient Tamil Kingdom .more than 2000 years of trade with Tamils merchants with Roman,Chinese, Egypt, Malaysia, Indonesia and many places. Today, in the last 500 years கேரள, kerala become independent states under linguistics differences Malayalam. History of ancient civilization lost under British colonisation. Please explore.

[@abymathew295]

The Mystical Land of "OPHIR" is also thought to be Kerala...King Solomon received shipments in every 3 years from OPHIR..

[@paadipanta2607]

King Solomons wife is from Kerala. Her parents sent the artifacts such as peacock, Ivory, Jewels, Gold, Rosewood etc.

[@theicon2132]

WTF :😳 Then what is UVARI (OPHIR) Port which is located in south Tamilnadu 🤔

[@abymathew295]

@@theicon2132 ..How's Uvari and OPHIR are the same...besides, Muziris was the largest port in Asia at that time, why on earth did someone dock their ships at some un known port in Tamilnadu.

[@glf2424]

So many lost civilizations and cities. We could watch Indian Jones type movies forever and still be fascinated. Wonderful story of history. Thanks!

[@Yoda1474]

Great 👍

[@sir-cute]

Ironically in 2023, "Vizhinjam" near Thiruvavanthapuram is opening up to the world as the ONLY "mother port" in India and on its way to become a major South Asian Hub. It pose direct threat to current major ports like Dubai, Colombo and Singapore due to unmatchable geographic and geological advantages. It will be the only Indian port where 'mother ships' can anchor. India will save and gain $ billions through domestic and international cargo management. Unfortunately no national media is reporting this wonderful development happening in south.

[@badrinath2593]

In Thamizh it's known as 'Musiri' or 'Muchiri'. Even today, near Trichy City of TN there's a small town named 'Musiri' exists on the banks of River Cauveri. Please explore another ancient port city which existed on the east coast..the Poompuhaar (aka Cauveripoompattinam)

[@parthasanyal8067]

Very well narrated and documented.

[@edu_shiva]

Waiting for palki sharma❤

[@bishanmahadevia]

I wish we had videos like this instead of books in History classes of school. Story telling skills about the events of History by Palki Sharma work like opium❤🧡💛💚💙💜

[@mritunjayy]

Muchiri was asked in yesterday's UPSC prelims question, few hours after uploading this video.

[@satyam-evajayate438]

Firstpost and Palki is a great combination to unearth facts of mighty India 🇮🇳 for the rest of the world...

[@Follower1222]

Thanks Palki. Very informative. May be there will be a connection between th8s and the richness of the travancore royal history and treasure worth apx 40 billion usd in Padmanabha Swami Temple TVM. Accumulated gold has been handed over to generations and kept in the form of huge ornaments. Thanks God that the British couldn't loot it as the Highness was intelligent. This need to be researched further.

[@monishag8974]

What the British did not loot, the congress party will loot.

[@suraz63]

What a flashback !!! Very informative and interesting to know. Great work 💯💯

[@gautambatwar7231]

Being an Indian....we weren't aware...😮

[@Flickifi]

... and what we are aware of isn't the truth either. The Brits for 200 years have been wiping off the true history of India and rewriting with their versions to suit their needs to divide and rule on one hand hand and changing narratives to present the Europeans as a superior race on the other. Sadly, the Indians have fallen for this hook, line and sinker. Changes and corrections have been in development of the late however, anti-nationals and neolibs have been throwing tantrums and obstacles. It will take time but it will get done. Prising the 'yes Massa, no Massa, three bags full Massa' mentality out of their DNA will take some doing!

[@TheKakamuka]

The ancient Tamizh collection of poems aka Purannanooru from Sanga Tamizh era on wion🙇‍♀️ ! Am tickled

[@dennisthachil7651]

Muzirz is in and around todays Kodungallur in Thrissur District.

[@umeshambadi2519]

Pattanan the main focal point is in Ernakulam district

[@aparna3878]

@@umeshambadi2519 pattanam is the extended part of the muziris.

[@Nithin90]

Sir, The 1st century and 2nd century European travelers specifically refers to the capital of 'Keralaputhra' in Sanskrit (i.e Kaelobothras, Keprobothras etc in Greek) as situated 20 stadia (3 km) inland from the sea-coast or in present day Kerala in which the port city of 'Muziris' (i.e Kodungallur) on the banks of the river 'Pseudostomus' (i.e Periyar river) as situated therefore it was also referred to as 'Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc' by the Foreign Travelers since the 10th Century C.E after the native Malayalam word 'Changalazhi' as denoting the Estuary at Kodungallur hence the Earliest extant Kerala literary works itself refers to the port city of 'Kodungallur' (i.e Muziris in Greek) on the banks of the river Periyar (i.e Pseudostomus in Greek) as the 'Nripapuri' (i.e Capital) of the Kerala king titled as 'Keraladhinatha, Keraladhishvara etc' in Sanskrit (i.e Keralaputhra) in Kerala history For Example: Kerala is not only the country, but also the Kshathriya-king inhabiting the country" - Vaarthika of Kaathyayana pre-3rd Century B.C The Periyar river and its tributaries in Malayalam was known as 'Mahanadhi, Choorni, Marudhvritha, Nau (chalakkudi river) etc' in Sanskrit and the royal family of Mahodayapuram (i.e Makkothayar-Pattanam in Malayalam) titled as belonging to the 'Keralakula' (i.e Kerala-Dynasty) was known as 'Bahuvyapthi' meaning 'having great expansion' (i.e Perum-Padarppu in Malayalam) in the Sanskrit works of Kerala until the 14th Century C.E among which the port-town of Kochi (i.e Gosrinagara in Sanskrit) referred to as 'Cocym' by the Foreign Travelers since the 15th Century C.E was the property of the 'Elaya Thavazhi' referred to as 'Narayana Varma, Govindha Varma, Rama Varma etc' until the 15th Century C.E or since Pre-Portuguese Period in Kerala (Malabar) history. The term 'Keshavan, Kashu, Ashudham etc' in Malayalam are also written as 'Keyavan, Kayu, Ayitham etc' in the inscriptions and similarly, the term 'Muyirikodu' in the inscription is to be read as 'Mushirikodu'. (I.e Muziris in Greek) aka 'Changalazhi' in Malayalam until the 14th Century C.E (i.e Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc) There is an agreement known as 'Muziris-Papyrus' from the 2nd Century C.E which documents the trade agreement between Muziris (i.e Kodungallur) and Alexandria and simialrly, the port-cities of Kerala were at the height of its prosperity with trade relations from all over the world since the 1st Century C.E to the medieval period of Indian history. For Example: “Among all the places in the world I have seen none equal to the Port of Alexandria except Kawlam (Kollam in Kerala) and Calicut (Kozhikodu in Kerala) in India” - Ibn Battuta (14th century C.E)

[@SibtainNaqvi-sz5vh]

Wow......excellent presentation on history......thanks for sharing palki

[@pizzo3219]

palki😍😍

[@ItihasaEchoes]

This is the content for which I pay my internet bills. Thanks Palki ma'am & FirstPost Team.

[@anime_vibes_563]

There must be a specific long episode on The Nalanda University. Even we Indians are not fully educated about this topic. It would to lovely to know what foreigners thinks about it.

[@aosaeanor]

Indians shld research their own history & do an extensive study of its archeological sites + discover more to present a correct history of India. As of date what mainly exists has been analysed & arrived at from a very Western / English perspective . And English historians tried to fit the Indian history to suit their convenience & the timelines of Christian dates & history. English based India's ancient history on Megasthenes’ book Indika that has survived only in fragments preserved in the works of other Greek and Latin authors. And none of the names in it match any of the ancient rulers Ggl search Dating of Ancient Indian History Dr. M. R. Goyal

[@user-ez3il1yy6i]

Life's A Journey , Not A Destination . Thank You , Palki Sharma . 🤗

[@VijayKumar-io2xy]

So many international dealing were going on from the long coastline of South India. In the dark periods of Moghuls and British destroyed a lot. Tamil literature has a lot about Musilipatnam. British were burning these litrary work in the fire pits. Only a small fraction of these collectons were available. Hopefully Hindi Raj does not does the remaining Tami language.

[@nousername1587]

Separatist

[@saratsaratchandran3085]

Hello Palki! Glad you are back!

[@John-ww3ji]

Muchiri commonly anglicized as Muziris was an ancient Harbour and an urban centre on the Malabar coast. Spice city. Kerala which was Travancore- From Coconut to Spices. Spice garden of India and Land of Coconuts.

[@billybaxter6333]

Never heard of this before, really fascinating. I love Palki!

[@TheSunAgain756]

Indian ancient cities didn't just disappear. Over time they withered away, but their documented records were destroyed by invaders. We need to excavate more to find our hidden history. And clean away their version of history.

[@shambhavijade2178]

I love this segment of flashback with Palki , looking forward for more such stories 😊👍🏻👍🏻💐

[@KrishnaKumari-zh9wb]

Christians trying to find out Jesus there

[@alexi2460]

Super interesting . Storms, a good lesson currently for the coastal cities around the global

[@dennisthachil7651]

As per our knowledge from forefathers this city is lost due to flooding.

[@adolfnegeh6520]

Interesting. My first time to hear this. Great job

[@dr.nandishpurli4074]

Skanda pura riddled with Archaelogy

[@systech476]

Palki Sharma is futurist best news editor.👏👏👏👏

[@AjayAjay-gz3oz]

If you will take the trouble and travel JUST 2-3 hrs West of Delhi ( closer than Pilani..) you will see many many Ancient Indus Valley/Harappan Sites that flourished, then died, got buried, RIP by 2000 BC.. long long before this Kerala Trading Post was even "born" and does NOT DESERVE to be called Bharat's Oldest Trading Centre... that belongs to the IVC.. Just FYI... Welcome back..!!! .

[@acibuildcon]

Congrats to Palki Sharma... Keep posting..

[@JG-qy6fe]

Palki, so far this Muzuris theory is largely a propaganda with very little physical evidence. Btw this theory is promoted mostly by the locals of abrahamic religions. They want to propose that a Christian- jewish city existed in kerala-India at that time. 1-2 coins cannot prove the existance of an entire city. Btw many ports of calicut, kodungalloor, kochi, kollam, alleppey etc already existed along kerala. Why suddenly another theoritical place with no evidence??? Btw they are also preparing ground for postulation that christ also was born here in India..So hope u get the picture😁

[@paadipanta2607]

Bible was edited in Kerala. No one knows Astrophysics, and Calculus at that time that was present in Bible, only Keralites has that knowledge. Without that knowledge, they can't do business through oceans. Looks Columbus, he started to reach India but landed in USA, no knowledge.

[@pankajsolanki3567]

As usual superb narration and a different topic

[@pravindivakar]

Are you sure it was only pepper? Spice trade was all about medicinal spices found all over in Kerala and western ghats, pepper included. Not only spices, knowledge. Astronomy, mathematics, ayurveda, ship building are a few.