Just take a recognized test like IELTS for english and etc in that language to get a metric score. Consume Graded content ()books), If you can't read B1 book but can read a A2 Book. then you are at A2. Or you can also measure number of books (words) or native books you have read, time you have listened, spoken or words you have written. Best if there are quizes on these material to grade your understanding of the material.