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In this video, we dive into our first major content area in this series of videos: biological psychology (known also as biopsychology). Because psychology is the scientific study of the mind, the brain, and behavior, and because what goes on in the brain is important for understanding human thought and behavior, we begin with communication in the brain.
Neurons: Nerve cells specialized for communication in the brain.
Cell Body: The central part of the neuron, also known as the “soma,” which contains the neuron’s nucleus and is responsible for creating and renewing cell components.
Dendrites: Part of the neuron responsible for receiving signals from other neurons.
Axon: Long part of the neuron down which the signal travels; covered by the myelin sheath.
Myelin Sheath: Insulated wrapper that covers the axon, designed to speed up neuronal transmission.
Axon Terminal: Part of the neuron responsible for sending signals to other neurons.
Synapse: Space between neurons, where neurotransmission (i.e., communication between neurons) occurs.
Neurotransmission: Communication between neurons.
Synaptic Vesicles: Cells that carry neurotransmitters, travel down the length of the axon and burst at the axon terminal, generating an electrical response in the next neuron.
Action Potentials: The electrical impulses that travel down the axon, triggering the release of neurotransmitters at the axon terminal; dependent on an uneven distribution of ions across the membrane surrounding the neuron; action potentials follow the “all-or-none” law and have a refractory period during which the neuron cannot fire.