How do spacecraft navigate in space ?

brilliant.org/curiousdroid/
How do spacecraft navigate in space over billions of kilometers and with split second timing during missions that last for years or decades. Here we look at how its done and the underlying principles that make it all possible.
Sponsored by Brilliant.org
Presented by
Paul Shillito
Written and Researched by
Paul Shillito
Images and Footage
NASA, ESA, MIT, SolarSystemVideos
Music by
Response Data by P C III is licensed under a Attribution License.
Based on a work at www.pipechoir.com
source : freemusicarchive.org/music/P_C...

[@user-gv4bf4zx2s]

When I was a kid and I heard about the Voyagers going on the “Grand Tour” I thought it was so cool. When I grew older, studied physics, and got a better grasp of the immense distances, the fact that they aimed a spacecraft an orbiting planet (Jupiter) with an accuracy such that it’s velocity and force of gravity from its mass (calculated of a planet billions of miles away) would accelerate it and deflect its path such that a few years later it could rendezvous with *another* orbiting planet (Saturn) with an accuracy such that it’s velocity and force of gravity from its mass (calculated of a planet billions of miles away) would accelerate it and deflect its path such that a few years later it could rendezvous with *another* orbiting planet (Uranus) with an accuracy such that it’s velocity and force of gravity from its mass (calculated of a planet billions of miles away) would accelerate it and deflect its path such that a few years later it could rendezvous with *another* orbiting planet (Neptune).... I realized how totally fucking badass those guys at NASA were.

[@raymond3803]

Bad Liars

[@antoinebourdon9964]

They are total badasses because it's all fake. It's intentionally over-complicated in order for you to not be able to understand how it could even work.

[@Jona69]

@@antoinebourdon9964 Gosh I wonder if you are serious.

[@mVpkilla93]

@@antoinebourdon9964 please elaborate or show a source

[@GoldSrc_]

@@antoinebourdon9964 " It's intentionally over-complicated in order for you to not be able to understand how it could even work." Typical response from an idiot with a PhD in youtube comments, YOU sir, don't have the required brain power to understand how it works, the experts and people who spend their lives studying it DO understand it, hell, 1st graders could grasp the basic concepts better than you. What's the next moronic thing you're going to say? flat earth maybe? You technically owe your life to modern science yet you spit on its face.

[@ristos86]

I'm going to say it, I absolutely love watching these videos by a guy who should be playing bond villain, but instead is putting his passion into educating people about space and shit, I admire and respect this dude, he's tops!

[@carlsaganlives6086]

Not only a Bond villain, but a dead ringer for the good-natured dim bulb mechanic's helper in "The Road Warrior", fixing the truck in the refinery/compound.lol

[@trip5003]

@@carlsaganlives6086 .Still think he is one of the Aliens from Hanger 18 😋

[@Yoctopory]

I'm just amazed by the achievements of this species that only used the first telescope some 400 years ago

[@TheDwightMamba]

The original Chinese calendar was based on Jupiter's activity in the sky. We've had an understanding of the planets a lot longer than 400 years.

[@svfantom7776]

Still neat though.

[@jerrymarshall2095]

U got that right ,i cant figure out how a kite flies,much less why it crashes.

[@jerrymarshall2095]

@@TheDwightMamba good for the chinese,they also figured out how to make a billion and a half people bow down to 50 people.

[@TheDwightMamba]

@@jerrymarshall2095, I'm fascinated by giant empires. They all had arrows and never thought to rain them down on their rulers.

[@jaredcrotty251]

Man, you need to write some of the “for morons” books. I struggled to understand this stuff until you made it make sense in 16 minutes and 57 seconds. I hope you do something in education. Great video and thank you.

[@lnhostetler]

He *is* doing something in education--this channel. He will educate and inspire far more people using this channel than he would teaching university classes or writing books.

[@MichaelTJohnston]

Incredible. You basically just summed up my entire orbital mechanics class in 15 minutes. Great work!

[@benbaselet2026]

Weeelll.. there are many layers to the onion of science. Being able to actually do the maths is needed too :)

[@thisisthetruth4525]

@@benbaselet2026 Well Maths is not Important for theoretical physics, because it is just used to express. It is a type of language for physics.

[@jamesanderson4245]

Too bad outer-space is a fairy tale. There's is no airless vacuum above the earth. It's called water, same thing that's in our oceans, same thing that's in the plants, your body & the bodies (cells) within your body. A body can only live within another body. We're all cells (bodies) on a micro level, plants & animals too. The universe is a body on a macro (large) level as bodies must live within bodies & there's one obvious rule that you can see every day without a telescope -- Everything is primarily water because water is natural fuel, within & without, above & below, not airless vacuums. Is there a space vacuum inside your body? No! Real life is easily explained, if you need a math equation or an elaborate theory, it's probably bs. He should stick to blowing things up in his brother's basement. Uncle Fester has no idea what he's talking about on this one :(

[@alexv5581]

@@jamesanderson4245 Dear god I hope you are joking.

[@thisisthetruth4525]

@@jamesanderson4245 You know what, Christianity has limited your mind to these ancient bs. Come to real life we have been to space.

[@JuiceBlack]

There are some things that make me incredibly proud of human ingenuity. This is one of them.

[@k1productions87]

Can you imagine what we could do if NASA had more than just the equivalent of the weekly defense budget each year?

[@k1productions87]

The more we look toward the stars and dream, the less important our conflicts on Earth will seem Probably why Congress keeps cutting back on NASA and exploratory problems, because they NEED us focused on our petty problems on Earth for the sake of their own power and profits.

[@christiangeiselmann]

The other is the typewriter.

[@dannygroom3327]

Why thank you, thank you very much, you are too kind, but I must confess it was not all my own work. I did have some help.

[@troubleabout5137]

haha hopefully its not the yanks and their fake space science a car in space hahahaha

[@kuzev]

wow this is one of the rare cases background music is actually the right type, at the right volume and just complimenting the overall quality of the video

[@moonwalkhi]

Exactly

[@deleo.b.7749]

The most amazing part is voyager's ability to send signals from billions of kilometers away, hats off to the folks of this ingenuity.

[@forwardplans8168]

The real work is with the ground based receivers, the sending signal is about 40 Watts.

[@stuartgray5877]

@@forwardplans8168 Actually the signal from the spacecraft is now less than 1/4 watt. They need to cool the front end-receivers in the DSN dishes with Liquid Helium to achieve the low noise floor to receive.

[@kirbfx]

“An object in rest, tends to stay in rest”. So that explains why I haven’t gotten off the couch watching these videos all day. Hey it isn’t my fault that outside forces are too lazy to act upon me 😂😂😂.

[@MichaelJonesC-4-7]

A chicken at rest, tends to stay at rest. But a chicken in motion tends to *cross the road.* ; )

[@life42theuniverse]

@@MichaelJonesC-4-7 Why did the newtons three chickens cross the road? The first crossed because it was in motion. The second crossed because it accelerated. The third chicken crossed the road...because the road crossed it!

[@MichaelJonesC-4-7]

@@life42theuniverse Oh, don't worry about that chicken. It's from _Barcelona!_ *- Basil Fawlty - Fawlty Towers*

[@pianoman78]

Hahahaha best today :)

[@jaxxonbalboa3243]

DON'T WORRY THE COPS ARE ON TO YOU AND WILL BE STORMING YOUR ASS SOON...WHEN YOUR DOOR COMES FLYING IN WILL NO DOUBT WILL MOTIVATE YOU OFF THE COUCH.

[@Braddurs]

I don't think people appreciate the amount of work that has gone into space travel across the centuries. It it truly fascinating that the observations made by people hundreds of years ago are vital to modern space travel today. Great video!

[@DanSlotea]

Braddurs what is truly fascinating is the existence of flattards and other paranoid skizophrenics.

[@Braddurs]

I'm not sure how serious you are, but I think you need to take some time off the internet and perhaps speak to a medical professional. Nothing you've said is remotely true or accurate. Whomever has provided you with that information has either a hidden agenda, gains pleasure from misleading people or has their own mental health issues. I would recommend taking some time to read about the theory of evolution and I guarantee once you read from credible, evidence-based sources it will make more sense to you and the World will not seem as scary a place as it currently does.

[@DanSlotea]

Like i've said skizophrenics and their holy babble. Good thing is that science doesn't care what they believe. And they can't burn people alive anymore.

[@tisbonus]

Migdivided you are correct about the Pyramids! You may be more correct about the rest than many are willing to admit, including myself.

[@Deco_2k]

Braddurs relax noh boi space is a lie they can’t leave the dome we are stuck here

[@RICKYCHAVEZ1980]

Curious Droid is one of my most favorite subscriptions on KZbin. I appreciate how accurate and dead on he is when it comes to explaining how, when, and why. Very educational, very informative, and very interesting. I look forward to new videos and that's why I subscribed to Curious Droid. I can't wait to see what's next! Nice shirts too!

[@Automobiliana]

I must’ve watched this video a dozen times already, but I always find some new info, awesome work Paul

[@wernerheenop]

This is probably the best video i've seen on KZbin. Well done.

[@coreyfellows9420]

Have you seen the "fat kid moped" ? Cause it's WAY better.... Not to discredit my dude and his wicked shirt game..... Cause I mad fuk with curious Droid. Do u like tacos??

[@coreyfellows9420]

@fyoukim12 haha... It's a classic! That kid takes it like a champ don't he?!?!

[@davidmackie8552]

Very good 👍

[@kypszy]

Exactly, youtube is the reason why i learn something new everyday. :)))

[@withOsamaNatto]

I agree

[@ThisHandleFeatureIsStupid]

Wow, man. Curious Droid, this work is amazing!!! The music, editing, visual aids, narration tone, and all that production stuff is top-notch, but despite that strength, the content mix absolutely steals the show. The video title would have easily excused you for offering a dry technical summary, but you didn't. Instead, you wove in some of the most inspiring accomplishments in the history of human exploration, and with such finesse! The amount of work you put into timing the insertion of each individual history lesson is certainly apparent. Like the scientific process itself, you produce an explosion of new questions for every answer found. And like the father of the Pale Blue Dot, you present the simple beauty of the universe so softly and so poetically; even the most willfully ignorant viewer would find themselves powerless to resist the allure of its wonders. Carl would be very proud.

[@ClariceAust]

Despite his brains, Carl is still a bit of an idiot for dismissing out of hand, the electric universe. See: kzbin.info/www/bejne/a3K4cmqOiJWHrKM

[@intelligentcomputing]

Paul 'Obi-Wan' Shillito!

[@amargaste3833]

Right.. It's more about achievements than actual(not saying exact) method. But i loved the soundtrack.. Is it from Batman Begins 'Legend' scene.

[@the5thmusketeer215]

Kasper Eloquently phrased..... but, while Carl Sagan wrote a book with that title, he is not “the Father of the pale blue dot” - that accolade rightly belongs to God, the Creator of the Heavens and the Earth... the entire Universe that we - whom He created along with that Universe - are seeking to explore, using the intelligence and creativity that our Creator (who made us “in His own image”) thereby gifted us with. The tragedy of so much *modern* science, is that it is misapplied. While we have increased in knowledge and technical expertise, we have steadfastly and tragically decreased in wisdom and logic. We marvel at the awesomeness and fine tuning of the Created Universe, while failing to recognise that it is the handiwork of a peerless Master Craftsman. We are the equivalent of a Tour Guide in an Art Gallery filled with the greatest paintings ever created by the Great Artists of old... And when we explain these exquisite works of Art to the inquisitive visitors who view them, we tell them that they all came into being through a random explosion of paint globules in the centre of the canvas, that over aeons of time spread out towards its extremities, until they eventually took shape into the many and varied representations of inert and living images that appear on that canvas... And never once do we seek to explain the unmistakeable signature of the Artist, writ large upon that canvas... much less do we seek to know and understand the Creator Himself... forever marvelling at that which He created, but never acknowledging that it is all the magnificent work of His hands, just as we ourselves are... So long as Modern Science continues in this impoverished and wretched condition, we shall never attain our true potential as the Sons and Daughters, the beloved Heirs of the Creator Himself, because we have ignorantly, foolishly, and deceitfully blinded ourselves to the stark and irrefutable evidence that we live in a Created Cosmos... that *our very own existence* and marvellous makeup is itself, a stunning example of precision craftsmanship and intelligent know how, that laughs in the face of all ridiculous claims that it is merely the result of time and chance and the pre-existence of matter which cannot create itself. Until we combine our natural curiosity and scientific exploration of the Cosmos, with an equally appreciative sense of wonder at the awesomeness of its... of our Creator... Until we yearn to know, to understand, and to seek HIM with equally resolute fervour and tenacity, we are destined to remain the arrogant and impoverished fools that we are, congratulating ourselves at our own perceived cleverness for having merely stepped out of our Home and reached the Garden Gate boundary of our Solar System, when there is an infinite Universe that lies beyond, all of which is imprinted with the Hallmark of the One who created it, but which we refuse to recognise or acknowledge, just as we increasingly refuse to recognise or acknowledge HIM... 😔🤷🏻‍♂️ Romans 1:18-23 (NIV) [18] The wrath of God is being revealed from heaven against all the godlessness and wickedness of men who suppress the truth by their wickedness, [19] since what may be known about God is plain to them, because God has made it plain to them. [20] For since the creation of the world God's invisible qualities-his eternal power and divine nature-have been clearly seen, being understood from what has been made, so that men are without excuse. [21] For although they knew God, they neither glorified him as God nor gave thanks to him, but their thinking became futile and their foolish hearts were darkened. [22] Although they claimed to be wise, they became fools [23] and exchanged the glory of the immortal God for images made to look like mortal man and birds and animals and reptiles. Nehemiah 9:6 (NIV) [6] You alone are the LORD. You made the heavens, even the highest heavens, and all their starry host, the earth and all that is on it, the seas and all that is in them. You give life to everything, and the multitudes of heaven worship you. Psalms 139:13-14 (NIV) [13] For you created my inmost being; you knit me together in my mother's womb. [14] I praise you because I am fearfully and wonderfully made; your works are wonderful, I know that full well. Proverbs 8:17 (NIV) [17] I love those who love me, and those who seek me find me. Jeremiah 29:13 (NIV) [13] You will seek me and find me when you seek me with all your heart.

[@ThisHandleFeatureIsStupid]

@@the5thmusketeer215 Holy shit, man...I really hope that was copied and pasted or something! 😂 My five-year-old brain worked well enough to dismiss the claims of religion, so I think your efforts would be wasted on me now; I'm thirty-three, and I have a lot less patience for baseless nonsense than I did 28 years ago. Finding a new target is strongly recommended.

[@davidsheriff8989]

I go in a straight line to the pub, unless another force ( my wife ) changes my direction..

[@moonwalkhi]

You use way too many spaces.

[@nigel-Rollercam-channel]

@@moonwalkhi A valid point, however Mr. Sheriffs comment is more concise and relatable than whatever fancy shirt guy is talking about...at least in my subjective opinion.

[@moonwalkhi]

@@nigel-Rollercam-channel you a point my guy

[@tornikegavasheli8732]

Amazing! the Sagan's phrase and the taken picture gave me goosebumps.

[@user-gv4bf4zx2s]

I served on a fast attack sub in north atlantic in late 80’s which used a pair of gyro accelerometers to track our position while submerged. On our longest mission we did not surface for 95 days and yet after all that time, “flying” through the 3 dimensions under water and frequent rough seas in the North Atlantic, I was told by one of my friends who was a Quartermaster (navigation) that when we finally surfaced and compared indicated to actual position, the error was less than 2 meters. Mind:blown.

[@rob4214]

Considering that inertial navigation systems in aircraft have drift of around 0.1 nautical miles per hour. Without correction updates from an external navigation source and kalman filters. I seriously doubt that it drifted so little. Especially as current technology doesn't use gyroscopes and uses lasers and the drift is worse than what your stating. In the 80s INS was pretty rubbish. I recon that your sub would have got navigation update fixes, from stars or GPS and they just kept it from you.

[@user-gv4bf4zx2s]

Rob from stars... we were submerged continuously. GPS.. in late 80’s? I don’t know if what I will say is ‘classified’, but I will say that the INS did not use spinning rotors as shown in these programs. And, Im just repeating what was told to me. Maybe you’re correct, maybe they had updates, maybe he was fullashit. My job was mainly the propulsion and power generation.. on the Nuke plant i can speak definitively. Outside of that I would defer to someone experienced like you.

[@rob4214]

@@user-gv4bf4zx2s sorry I didn't mean to come across as rude. Maybe systems on submarines can be more accurate without the more extreme accelerations, also the system could be a lot larger than one that has to be squeezed into an aircraft/space probe. I just thought of 3 other methods that could have been used to provide a navigational fix. 1. If you had a sensor on the submarine that could map the terrain of the ocean floor that could be used against a terrain elevation database. 2. Using underwater beacons at known locations. 3. Using a World Magnetic Model comparing magnetic variation with the predicted variation in a particular lat long. (This would be the least accurate)

[@user-gv4bf4zx2s]

Rob nah, man, not rude. Np. As far as an mapping, below about 200 ft in northern latitudes it’s absolutely pitch black, so the INS is critical, but can’t do any sounding against sea floor or underwater terrain as that would involve sending out a sonar signal and that last thing you ever want to do. As far as I can remember, the only time active used was when it was being tested. We ran silent continuously. The way it was explained to me was the INS didn’t use those spinning rings, each of a pair (there’s a pair of just about everything on a sub, sometimes two pairs) had a perfect ferromagnetic sphere spinning at some ungodly rpm magnetically suspended in a vacuum and the magnetic field around it could sense the force on it when the external case (boat) moved and the force required to keep it centered. Our boat was in a “Development Squadron” which is bureaucratic-speak for spy boat and we tested a lot of new technologies which became standard on later boats. It could’ve been a one-off test rig, or could be standard now, can’t say. We tested foamy rubber sound absorbing tiles on hull which are standard now and we were first boat to put 12 tomahawk cruise missiles in forward ballast tanks which are standard now, and the LA class boats that have VLS (vertical launch system, the 12 tomahawks) are called 688i for “688 improved”. We were one sea-goin fookin boat, over 300 days/yr at sea, either 1-2 week runs testing something or crazy missions.

[@user-gv4bf4zx2s]

Rob Another factoid about navigation, might have seen this in “Hunt for Drugs When Sober”.. when they are mapping the subs on the sea maps, the table is illuminated and our position and other boats are lit as dots by the table upward onto the overlayed semitransparent map and automatically track, I would assume, using the INS computers. And when I say “computers” I mean big solid circuits and transistor type racks of ‘computers’, that were the size of refrigerators, just a little more technologically advanced than Apollo era stuff. Although I served in late 80’s and CPU’s already existed, I’ll never forget what my Chief told me when I asked “why does it seem like everything is old and bulky analog?” - “This is a fuckin Warship”, ....and it really hit me. I had been so caught up in completing Nuclear Power program for 18 months, then getting onboard and getting accustomed to life on a sub, I had focused myself acquired a mental tunnel vision of just "learn and do"...and I was now *inside* a very deadly weapon system whose ultimate purpose was to hunt and kill anything in the water or within 1,000 miles of shore... serious attitude calibration with his one statement.

[@faudanke4459]

Actually they just press M to go to map view

[@JanOnDemand]

LOLWTF673 This is why NASA builds speedboats and keeps on promoting people named “Valentina”. Also, more struts and/or more boosters.

[@8000cheese]

Starmade reference?

[@elopeous3285]

Ayyh them kerbals tho.

[@JanOnDemand]

Chase Ross nope, I believe he’s referencing “Kerbal Space Program”. Brilliant game.

[@luisfernandes4145]

Just a word: wow!!!

[@Gary85Paul]

The accuracy is staggering. I am genuinely struggling to comprehend how they are able to calculate something travelling at tens of thousands of km/h, over billions of kilometres to within millimetres per hour. Absolutely amazing.

[@ninjawarrior4130]

Nope, he did it all wrong. Why? Because he forgot to calculate one more movement. Sun moves also and is not center of the universe.

[@garypeatling7927]

All in 3 d as well,

[@bofadeez4363]

@3:19, congratulations the projectile just killed you with a headshot

[@eigrp]

If schools aren't showing your videos in the classroom then something's wrong.

[@Heart2HeartBooks]

Schools are teach little girls to emasculate little boys and then full grown men. They are indoctrinating them with socialist ideas and anti capitalist viewpoints and Ayn Rand is spinning in her grave saying:"See...Told ya so!"

[@rajeevarts398]

Our school was piece of shit

[@andysshanghailife6595]

eigrp Just not English class. 😂

[@ctx4241]

@@Heart2HeartBooks How creative you must be to plug words such as capitalist, emasculate and indoctrinating in comment section of space science video. If video content made me proud as human being, your comment brought me back to where I was before.

[@ctx4241]

@RaidrWolf You are not really helpful are you? Go throwing those clever words at each other at Peterson and Weinstein videos. How stupid our race has to be to be divided by words that has lost its original meaning each time somebody used them. I am not making sociological or anthropological point, I was just shocked that you guys will find place to fight even on video about navigation in Space...

[@jdrew500]

This is the most concise explanation of space navigation I've ever seen. Please do more like this.

[@checkout5017]

The amount of mathematics it must require in order to line up the space craft with the planets must be outstanding. They would have had to predict how fast the craft would be moving, how long it would take to get to the planets orbit and where the planet will be when it gets there and finally how much it will accelerate and where it will then go. Hats off to the amazing people that figure all this out

[@kalsizzle]

Absolutely beautiful video. Everything about the way you presented it, the music, and the graphics did this subject justice.

[@iyzyz]

Your voice, the music, the visuals, and of course, the shirts. These videos are of amazing quality.

[@billdarby4949]

It absolutely astonishes me how the mathematicians at NASA and other Space Agencies can achieve the remarkable feats that they do for space travel! It's also amazing how the NASA Moon program was achieved using only computers with only a few kb of memory, slide rules, and advanced mathematics! INCREDIBLE!

[@cmaej28]

What's even more astonishing is that it all started with people with nothing but a telescope and curiosity.

[@billdarby4949]

@cmaej28 You're absolutely right!

[@autolode4215]

to bad nasa ""lost" all the evidence of the entire moon program hmm magine that

[@damianhaber4890]

Man NEVER stepped on the Moon!

[@joebeastyg5686]

What's truly amazing how nobody cares that NASA was pretty much founded and run by nazis.

[@ASLUHLUHCE]

Wow so much goes into it. Also, you're a brilliant teacher

[@kjm-ch7jc]

We need people like you to explain complicated things, well done keep up the good work.

[@LandonRoy-cv9rt]

Just discovered this channel and it's pretty cool, good narrator

[@shanport2004]

Great video, easy to understand some very complex material. Thankyou.

[@chrictonj9503]

I'm watching this video a second time and it is just as good now was it was then. One of the best! I wish your tailor were on this side of the pond.

[@leumaseoj]

One of the best video i have spent time on. Hats off author!

[@yukayuka2161]

Thank you so much for making complex stuffs so easy to understand ! Those founding physicists and scientists are so brilliant !

[@mrfrog3350]

I just recently found and subbed your channel. I am an old (I watched the Apollo 11 moon landing on tv when I was 5) mechanic and metal fabricator,but have always been interested in anything aerospace. You always have very interesting topics,and explain them in an informative and entertaining way.Thanks for making your videos,and have a happy holiday season!

[@paulmerron3947]

Happy CHRISTMAS to you

[@Vector_Ze]

I also have enjoyed many Droid videos. But, damn you make me feel prehistoric, LOL. When Alan Shepard made the first US suborbital flight, I was already 7 years old. "They" say you're only as old as you feel. Well, today my Doctor said I'm doing great for a living fossil, LOL. Cheers! And Happy Holidays to you.

[@MiadWahidKommon]

I would suggest you to watch the mini series "a year in space" by astronaut scott kelly..

[@UncleBman]

smart451cab I have had the privilege to handle some piece parts of the first us satellites. these were prototypes that either were development models or spare parts. Resembling sheet aluminum origami these hand made parts leave me in awe of the skill and cleverness of the Craftsman who made them. The equivalent parts nowadays are developed on a computer screen and usually machined from solid. More and more we are printing them. I am privileged to do this challenging work but it's different from what was, it seems something lost. I am just a machinist as you said just a mechanic. I appreciate the irony, we are much more than that if we stay curious and challenge ourselves to do great work and learn new things. Most important - stay humble and pass on our knowledge and experience to the next generation.

[@mrfrog3350]

We absolutely HAVE to pass it on to our "kids". I have been teaching and working with my nephew who is an IT security specialist. He loves cars like me, and now does a lot of his own maintenance and repairs. I've been looking for a mini mill/lathe to teach him about your trade. The house he just bought came with a complete woodworking shop,so that will be a good place to start.My dad taught me lots of woodworking and metalworking. His dad was a blacksmith that taught him. Good times ahead!

[@Int3x0r]

People who calculate these things are so brilliant.

[@KaleOrton]

The best explanation I've seen. This video makes it so easy to understand the concepts at least. Thank you CD.

[@ScribblyPoppo]

Beautiful stuff. Very well explained. And nice shirt!

[@rustywhite1]

Wow...Your factual delivery is incredible...Please make more videos about more subjects...You are a pleasure to listen to....Thanks.

[@davedavid5064]

Thank you. Absolutely Brillant! I’ve been enjoying your great delivery of information in quite a few videos. And this one was so great at explaining a complicated topic in a clear a concise manner for the average layman to understand. Great job.

[@GuyAtTheSix]

Amazing! The Voyager missions never cease to impress me, a true marvel of science and achievement of mankind.

[@thePronto]

I came here for the navigation part, but got a great primer on orbital mechanics into the bargain. Outstanding! I just subbed...and signed up at Brilliant.

[@rap1df1r3]

Congrats on your further indoctrination into an endless world of lies.

[@soumenb22]

Very nicely described with lot of information. Learned some new things 👍

[@claudeken3602]

The way you convey information is so easy to understand. Thank you and keep up the good work.

[@JavierAlbinarrate]

When as a teenager I realized that spacecraft didn't work like in the movies via burns, that in reality everything was incredibly passive just with an initial burn and not much more than that followed by the most precise billiards game ever, I was totally astonished. And even today I find the idea that they had calculated such a long journey to such a degree of precision in those early mainframe years almost impossible to grasp. Very eye opening.

[@gregorymckenna6609]

Thanks for sharing your awesome videos with the world. You have certainly inspired me to do astrophotography. Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year!

[@favesongslist]

None of this amazing information was new to me but I thoroughly enjoyed such a brilliant presentation , well done as always.

[@rap1df1r3]

Congrats on your further indoctrination into an endless world of lies.

[@username4441]

@@rap1df1r3 i see we are both being recommended to watch this old video today.

[@mike684]

Who's a clever boy

[@hillaryamerman481]

Give this guy a medal for putting up such s brilliant piece of information put together. Good on ya mate. .

[@withOsamaNatto]

I would like to thank you for the clarity of this video

[@voltekka9815]

Very nice! Thank you Paul.

[@coreytaylor447]

HIS NAME IS PAUL!???!??!!!! I THOUGHT IT WAS DAN THIS ENTIRE TIME...I have been shamed

[@ComedyLoverGirl]

+Corey Taylor. I don't remember him ever mentioning his name. Maybe he just looks like a Dan? To me, he's just Droid. Lol.

[@forton615]

+Corey Taylor. His name is in the end credits

[@faudanke4459]

Mandela effect over 9000 in this channel All this time i thought his name was Dan

[@stevepittman3770]

Actually it's my understanding that gravity assist works by using a planet's orbital velocity, not its gravity, to speed up or slow down a craft. If you tried to gravity assist around a stationary object you would neither gain nor lose speed, you would come back out of the gravity well at the same speed you entered. It's the sideways (orbital) velocity of a body that drags a craft along with it that speeds it up or slows it down.

[@AttilaAsztalos]

That is a fairly obvious (albeit probably poorly known) point, once you consider that unless one plans to permanently descend into a gravity well, gravity itself is clearly *not a source of energy*. That is why you need to steal some of the planet's orbital kinetic energy around the Sun in order to gain any energy / speed yourself.

[@marianneoelund2940]

Steve Pittman This is correct, although it's also true that an object's gravitational field and mass, even if it had no orbital velocity, could still be used to make the required course change.

[@MrNighthawk62]

But it is my understanding that if a craft performs a “gravity sling shot” maneuver around a planet, or another celestial body, that body looses an specific amount of velocity that the craft took from it.

[@oldnelson4298]

@@MrNighthawk62 Exactly what he said in the video

[@harpfully]

Steve, it's both. Relative velocities and gravity.

[@Keano70a]

Thanks Paul and team

[@johnmehaffey9953]

I just love the way people try and pronounce Uranus without causing either hilarity or offence,love your vids

[@plxton]

A really fantastic video, the level of research is extremely extensive and engaging. I'm very grateful for this channel, thank you and please continue fulfilling my curiosity.

[@badme9684]

Thank you nice video, I`m happy with Brilliant. Merry Christmas Thumps up

[@cribbsprojects]

One of my best subscriptions! You make it easy to understand and inspire further research. Great!

[@manavks483]

I respect the amount of research Paul does for his videos.

[@SerielThriller]

Very informative and well put together, thank you!

[@buddydawson8875]

That is, if you like watching NASA cartoons. NASA has been in the business of falsifying and fabricating the adventures of space since...1958, through: NASA Cartoons, CGI [ computer generated images ], Paintings, Drawings, and Doctored Photoshoped Photographs. The Luciferian lies are coming to an end.

[@shalee767]

Where? Hollywood?

[@scorpion_investor]

Fantastically informative. Thank you.

[@nikolemisticajessbel]

So well explained, thank you professor!

[@freddiespencer927]

Absolutely fantastic! Your presentation is straightforward and deciphered, for those of us without aeronautical know how. I truly hope that you will continue this endeavor and post new videos because I truly believe this is your calling and enlighten many of us that need a thorough explanation with no other means of finding answers. Thanks again.

[@karlzen86]

Great video! I have always wondered how they manage to navigate to the planets:)

[@davidsi5376]

I am new to your channel! The videos are so well put!

[@nvkotian7539]

Thanks for your information about how the space craft moves.

[@_Breakdown]

Thanks Curious Droid - - love these videos man!

[@ldotmurray]

Amazing video. Great content.

[@EdmundRogersPhotography]

Mr. Shillito has a wonderful presence and gift for explaining this subject in an engaging manner. I wonder if he is a certified teacher, engineer or actor by trade?

[@rap1df1r3]

One of NASA's most talented actors, most likely. Indoctrinating people with lies the way only a few can...

[@Bengun67]

@@rap1df1r3 500 years ago, witch burning would have been your daily duty !?! ( All your instincts revolt against the tools of words , lol ! ...)

[@airnoiphongsavath8509]

He seems to knowledgeable to be acting, he seems to actually understand what he is talking about...or maybe is a very good..actor..carry on. Lol

[@darrinlalla9008]

I may be late in catching up. But this is my new favorite channel.

[@superconfort]

This is one of the best videos of KZbin

[@suryapathaneni4012]

it is absolutely superb... I really don't know a lot of things which are explained in this video..

[@mikedonovan-3808]

Many retards are born every day . Lol

[@FanOWater]

Another excellent video. Love the shirt as well. Cheers

[@birukaregu2798]

My number one KZbin channel, keep up the good work Sir! I love science.

[@alexispapageorgiou72]

You, my friend, are a gold mine!!! Keep it up.

[@NOOBIFIER1337]

Great Video. Shared with my friends.

[@BezBog]

I’ve seen this video twice already and KZbin keeps recommending it

[@Itteza]

Does every teacher lecture like you teaching space, navigation and myth about our galaxy? I guess you are a true gem and genius. Good work. Salute.

[@stevechapo327]

Amazing. I watch this and early space travel videos and am blown away by what was accomplished with the technology of the time.

[@BadBoyV1]

Another great video 👍

[@dumpsky]

it's puzzling to me how one could dislike this video.

[@95blahblahhaha]

I just thought the same thing

[@caelestigladii]

bogen broom funny how no flats agree on what earth looks like from up above.

[@bigimskiweisenheimer8325]

Aliens. Probably a few adolescent Grey's.

[@ArvelJoffi]

bogen broom I feel so bad for you, and I mean that without sarcasm or vitriol. The anger, the distrust, the paranoia that literally hundreds of thousands, if not millions of people are in on a unified conspiracy to convince people that the world is shaped differently than it really is. That you can hear the wonder and awe in the voices and writings of people who have spent, in many cases, their whole lives exploring the wonders of the cosmos, and all you see is lies. It’s a really wretched way to look at the world.

[@TheCJHowes]

@bogen broom The only reason you believe any of this is complete BS because you're gullible, and you were convinced so by a flat Earther who didn't know what he was talking about.

[@hjbasson]

this answers a lot of my questions--well done!!

[@SneekyFauker]

That's absolutely PHENOMENAL and mind blowing about the distance we're talking here and the absolute pinpoint accuracy to pull it off. My god, i took a bong rip and i want to cry. It's so beautiful and i cannot fathom in 500 years what we'd accomplish and have.

[@jbolo5378]

Another very enlightening video, thanks for your dedication. And may i be the first to wish you a Merry Christmas.

[@neurohph5802]

First of all, thank you so much for such interesting and mind blowing topics. Second, its fascinating how much of the universe we can understand through math and physics, id love to study and dedicate my thoughts to it. Keep these amazing videos coming, i love it and sure many other people do too =)

[@wizzardofpaws2420]

I sit and watch Droid videos for hours on end. It's like listening to excellent storytelling

[@kloppskalli]

one of my favorite Curious Droid vids!

[@__prometheus__]

I recently started watching this channel. Love everything about it. P.s the host is cool.

[@full_regalia8649]

Loving the spooky music

[@danielwalker5682]

Outstanding work. Thank you.

[@TOMAS-lh4er]

Just want to tell you that I really like these videos of yours !! Thank you , I think you are one of the best on youtube! I lean so much, and you and your voice and style are really great ! you and "space ripp" and "sea " are my favorite sites. thank you .

[@Piralitto]

What a question! It drops out of warp and then adjusts course by reconfiguring the inertial dampers and rerouting power from the deflector.

[@lachieclements6859]

I remember the New Horizons mission, as I flew to Queensland to visit the observatory to watch the event live, with live chat and commentary with the leaders and physicists from NASA. A truly awesome event, watching the live (albeit delayed) feed from the spacecraft.

[@jlj777]

They have not figured out shit and the only time men have been to space is in their imagination! Get Real....................................................

[@lachieclements6859]

James Louis Yeah I dunno if you’re being unironic or not, but you certainly sound stupid.

[@anirprasadd]

Thank you so much for this video!!! Keep up the great work

[@premmani]

Wow! Thank you! That was mind boggling.

[@MetePurphy]

This is just what I've been wanting. Really enjoy your space orientated videos, with all the space travel hype at the moment this is very informative. I don't really care, but I won't be the only one to ask what shirt is that and where can we get it? Come on man! It's a staple of each video!

[@TheKhalMykeyShow]

@3:23 coolest head shoot I’ve ever seen, John wick ain’t got nothing on this guy

[@clemkadiddlehopper2706]

It seems as if I have watched a million videos, but I have to say that this one ranks in the top five for me as being the most interesting that I have ever seen!

[@raybin6873]

Another YT channel equal in quality is 'parallelnick.'

[@Youzarzif]

I love this channel. Keep up the good work! Thank you

[@Ashwin-zg7rt]

There should be a "wow" button as well. Excellent video

[@brendongyde]

I disagree. It would break the internet.

[@FunkObama]

Should be a bus button because it is

[@seanthompson258]

this video is bullshit, the sky is the limit nothing can pass beyond it we are in a enclosed environment! what goes up must come down ever heard that before!!?? its all science fiction, there is no space! think about u see the rocket going up but how do you know where it goes! the answer you dont know because all it does is fly out of your sight and always sideways they never go straight up, so in other words they are flying away from your vision past what they call the vanishing point! its all a con to steal money from us the people but its also a lot more than that!

[@seanthompson258]

there should also be a bullshit button! this is bullshit!

[@petejt]

@@seanthompson258 Meanwhile you're stealing our oxygen.

[@thedotisblack]

Again, high quality video!! ⚫🙃 But I wish you would do also a video on the Sound of Space or Plasma Waves recorded by the Voyager 1 and 2 spacecrafts! You may also use my design works from the audiovisual series "Sound of Planets, Stars and Space."

[@cokeforever]

There is no sound in vacuum. Sound is a feature of atmosphere. P.s. people who put wave-forms to sound-software and pretend there is any purpose to this are dumb peasants

[@LBBstore]

thedotisblack's generative art or design videos Lol you’re asking for sound when they don’t even have 5 minutes of non stop footage of any of these alleged probes.. Talk about religious zombies. Where is the proof of any of this Hollywood fantasy? What is your proof a probe is 17 Billion Miles away? Have you seen the outline of Pluto the dog on Pluto?

[@malibu4231]

Tes Ste no dude, you have no clue what you are talking about, you need to stop watching flat earth videos (they are making you stupid, sadly)

[@LBBstore]

Tim Jensen As they show you CGI! You have never even seen 5 minutes of non stop video yet you believe in it with a religious leap of faith...how sick! Gotta love the brain dead zombies!!

[@LBBstore]

Tim Jensen This is utterly hilarious science fiction as they rob you blind to the tune of 50 Million a day! You gotta love people who blindly read off of a script LOL Ok please show me 10 nonstop minutes of Voyager footage? Juno on its way to Pluto to see the outline of Pluto the dog? Cassini? Have you ever even seen 5 uninterrupted minutes? Are you a sheep? Why would you blindly believe this crap with a religious leap of faith? Is science about believing?...No that’s a cult.

[@poppybee9709]

So clear and easy to follow, great video

[@intelligentcomputing]

This is one of the best videos on KZbin!