How do Hard Disk Drives Work? 💻💿🛠

[@marcoantonelliani2659]

It's hard to believe how lucky we are having this content with this level of studies, researches, explanations and animations available for free. Impressive work.

[@the_original_dude]

@@sheateeley1 with a certain browser extension there are no ads. So, literally free

[@the_original_dude]

@@sheateeley1 "a bunch of extra stuff"? What are you talking about? It's as simple as installing an app on Android from GooglePlay. It takes no more than a minute to find and install.

[@Oboreru493]

@sheateeley1 A bunch of extra stuff? No it literally takes less than 30 seconds to do

[@Oboreru493]

@sheateeley1 No it absolutely is relevant, it takes basically no effort or time to do it, and why would that make it not free? By that logic even if youtube didn't have ads, the simple fact you even have to manually open the app and search for a video just to view it means its not free, your logic makes no sense whatsoever And idk what definition you're talking about because no such definition exists

[@Oboreru493]

So you agree that YOU got in for free? But your previous comments completely contradict that, which is it? Also the concert itself costing money doesn't have anything to do with the fact you got in for free, thats entirely irrelevant to what was being talked about

[@Ramshackle6984]

How in the hell did anyone ever come up with this technology and then create it!? The engineering, timing, and precision required is staggering. Amazing videos, thank you.

[@two2truths]

This is usually my frist thought... There are truly some manically genius humans out there

[@bzerkie3393]

i was thinking how from cave men with stone axes did we get to this? amazing

[@two2truths]

@@bzerkie3393 whats even more stunning? Both the caveman and the modern NASA engineer have the exact same brain! anatomically speaking! The exact same tool kit, yet such insanely different capabilities... Its quite incredible

[@niphotwala188]

​@burjalmadre They don't have different capabilities, you yourself said they have the same brain. The NASA engineer simply has much more resources to work with, thousands and thousands of years' worth of resources.

[@two2truths]

@@niphotwala188 yes, sorry! Thats what I meant, same brain, new capabilities cause of a vast collection of knowledge and new tools. Youre absolutely right. I didnt articulate as such

[@JaredOwen]

I understood the basics before this but this animation went deep! Thanks for the great video 😎

[@yaminsiddiqui4690]

Two GOATs meet

[@stachowi]

i literally adore what your two channels do... the instant you post, i watch and literally look forward to! I'm an computer engineer/software engineer, so i LOVE this kind of detail.

[@mythoughts6391]

Glad to see that! You both are amazing!! Your content is really really incredible for me, both

[@musa4761]

You're awesome Jared Owen.

[@johnkaiser7182]

I would like to learn how to create this animations. Kindly help

[@ivanchow20]

Definitely the best video ever telling how a hard disk work.

[@user-wf7uf2jp8x]

This is extremely well written, produced, and animated. As someone who works in the HDD industry, I can vouch for the validity of this information. Something I think is interesting but was not mentioned is multi-actuator drives. For instance, with a 2-actuator design, this would allow for read/write speeds of up to (about) 2x as fast read/write speeds at maximum than previously possible. This is because there can be multiple streams of data read at the same time. Think of tape-based storage medium. This commonly has many read/write heads which is trivial since the storage medium is what needs to be moved rather than the r/w heads. This is a more complex endeavor in HDDs since the head needs to be able to seek accurately and quickly which becomes quite difficult given the limited space within the enclosure. The drive essentially needs two (or more) of the heads in the space which used to be occupied by only one and also another controller for the other actuator.

[@flintfrommother3gaming]

Can I ask? Which drives (and are they enterprise) use multiple actuators?

[@user-wf7uf2jp8x]

@@flintfrommother3gaming I believe Seagate did release information on their "MACH.2" enterprise drives a little while ago which are dual-actuator. Particularly the "Seagate Exos 2X14" was the first drive to implement a dual actuator design I believe with there being a newer "Exos 2X18" generation of this. If I had to guess, this technology will likely become more popular in enterprise-level drives within the next few years. At some point, if it becomes cheap enough or if there is enough demand, I presume it will also make its way into consumer-grade drives as well, however those (consumer-grade drives) are certainly at a lower priority for newer and more expensive technologies.

[@DK-ox7ze]

2X speeds are possible only if the two data regions are significantly away to prevent actuator collisions. So 2X performance will be possible only in some cases, or in cases where similar data is well distributed across the disk.

[@user-wf7uf2jp8x]

@user-lz9xe7mf2b That depends on the implementation. The dual actuator design I'm referring to is one where the actuators are on top of eachother such that the above actuator is responsible for the top half of the platters and the other actuator is responsible for the bottom half. In this implementation there wouldn't be a chance for collision. There are some good pictures for reference of the current seagate technology out there which depict what I'm talking about. Even so, these mostly help with parallel ops depending on the implementation and the speed increase is indeed not always fully realized depending on the scenario, yeah.

[@samohraje2433]

@@user-wf7uf2jp8x and now just imagine having those actuators on both sides of the disk, yes the drive will be much longer and probably not meet a ISO standards but the RW speeds could be potentially comparable against sata SSDs. And the increased speed of the disk will also help a lot. 10k RPM Two double actuators 1024MB cache Read speeds up to 750MBps Write speeds up to 700 as well And the price for the 20TB HDD should be somewhere between 900-1100€ or 1200 dollars when you take how much SSD cost. 8TB SSD in Slovakia 700€

[@todorotox]

Exceptional content. Working for 15 years with different storage vendors - probably the best summarized explanation I have ever seen! Great job, thanks for making it available to such a large audience!

[@SamueldeBrito]

Wow, this video removed a lot of mysteries over HDD for me, and brought a whole new sight over this technology, it's brilliant!!!

[@brodriguez11000]

Mechatronics is an interesting field.

[@Cats1100]

You with 20hours ago comment when the video is uploaded 2 hours ago is mysterious to me.

[@tanmaymondal69]

@@Cats1100 same here

[@SamueldeBrito]

@@Cats1100 membership ;D

[@tels3775]

pretty much everything in IT is you just have to dig deep enough it's fascinating

[@Torreiro]

Oh my God! I'm 32 years old and I've never seen something so detailed about hard drives. This video deserves a Oscar. This is unbelievable! You are simply a genius editor! God bless you! Thank you for your amazing contribution to the academic world and for the enthusiasts of computer technology, like me. I'm from Brazil and I loved this video! Amazing!!!

[@blurglide]

Wow- I had no idea bits are recorded as CHANGES in polarity, rather than just a region with a particular polarity. What an absolute marvel of mechanical, electrical, materials, and software engineering. It's crazy these things are so cheap. Very interesting. Thanks

[@exMuteKid]

Yeah it’s the same with DVDs and the pits and lands which are on them. I also had no idea lol

[@leandro842]

It's called NRZ scheme (non-return-to-zero)

[@raxneff]

@@leandro842 That's a common encoding in a lot of computer tech, including networking, storage ... I wonder that they are not yet using forward-error-correction like LDPC, or maybe this video just hasn't shown it ...

[@bobstevenson3130]

It’s the same way CDs store data too

[@notmuch_23]

@@exMuteKid also with barcodes...

[@atotalidiot]

This is seriously S-tier animation and research. You guys are under appreciated

[@BranchEducation]

Thanks, everyone for helping us reach 1M subscribers!!

[@karimyahia3596]

Please put Arabic translate on your video please

[@GimmWolff_SL]

You should have 1 billion subscribers, because of these super valuable and contentful informative videos. :)

[@techkiller5513]

man actually you deserve 1 billion subs

[@DanteLikesRock]

pin your comment.

[@aniconsious8823]

sir which software you use for this kinds of animation

[@prathamchauhan741]

Your videos are very informative as always. I love your explanations with fantastic animation. Thanks for providing this type of content for free.

[@-Xen]

Oh then some guy lied about the minimum gift (donation) is 40 rupees

[@adityasingh3963]

​@@-XenI don't know how he donated 20 rupees. The minimum donation it shows me is 40 rupees, I checked.

[@knightwolf200612]

In 1 word: Awesome! I knew about 90% already, but the last 10% were the technical details of the surface and read/write heads. Excellent explanations and easy to understand for everybody!

[@yc__]

You are really one of the few channels where I watch the sponsorship because it still is an amazingly animated part to watch.

[@Boarderbro700]

Whoever you people are thank you! As a humble cook that loves technology this explains so much. Can’t wait for robots that can do laundry and cook! Fold clothes especially lol!

[@AtOddsAlways]

A "humble" cook who's fascinated with technology? You do your own talents an undeserved disservice. Thank God we have you folks to allow our survival and I'd love to have the talents to be in your shoes!

[@Itsmarkyoung]

I was a curious kid, and would always ask questions like this, only to be given a general answer or find something on the internet that explained it in a basic way. The level of detail you go into with easy to follow visuals is finally expanding my knowledge on these things and I’m so grateful for your channel! I know what data LOOKS like, I know how it’s transmitted and written on a microscopic level, and I can visualize things like Bluetooth or smoke alarms in ways I’ve never been able to, thank you!!

[@OhNotThat]

i'm in hard disk repair and engineering and despite mostly knowing all this, it really was a treat to see it so well described again.

[@WeyardWiz]

How exactly do you repair disks with such very small to see polar regions

[@marian-gabriel9518]

Could you imagine a world where we would get this high standard of education in all schools?!?! Thank you very much, Branch Education! What an awesome job you guys are doing!

[@marian-gabriel9518]

@Dacia Sandero guys Yeah 😶

[@transistorsloop]

@Dacia Sandero guys so true man

[@yinggamer7762]

It’s truly unfathomable how this fairly complex actions haven been constructed to incredibly small so much smaller than anything you would ever see in your life and now so cheap and widespread

[@marian-gabriel9518]

@@yinggamer7762 Bonkers, right?!?! :) I think of it like people building entire cities (on a CPU size) that no one will ever see.

[@diegoteclas]

I am computer technician since 2001, and this is the best detaile explanation of a hard disk fuctioning i´ve seen.

[@karlomyduck8220]

In modern hard drives there is also a micro-actuator made up of 2 small piezoelectric plates on each side which help read write heads to be even more precise. Truly magnificent stuff!

[@nicolasayastuy]

This channel has to be protected by law. It's bloody amazing. You got no idea how I wish my education had been like this.

[@sublimechimp]

You have a chance to correct it now

[@pmgodfrey]

I've known how hard drives work for a long time, but this animation is amazing. No fluff, just facts.

[@MultiOlimac]

Got here by accident but no regrets whatsoever, really nice content understandable even for me being a non native English speaker. Too much depth in the explanations, so clear a toddler could understand. Simply awesome, new subscriber here.

[@ginocontestabile8775]

Absolutely magnificent!! Your animations will help visualise complicated micro/nanoscopic technology for generations. Don't underestimate the reach of your work :) P.s it would be awesome if you help demistify the circuitry inside led screens and monitor controllers that take standard signals from the cpu/gpu (VGA/HDMI ecc) and turn them into light that our eyes can see :)

[@kindlin]

Ben Eater can help with some of your question about how VGA works. He literally made a breadboard that can transmit VGA.

[@staticobjx7232]

these things makes you appreciate human ingenuity

[@Hariesh]

I love that you included the correct method of reading data via the changes in magnetic flux rather than the polarity. Its a small addition but it makes me so happy that its correct

[@aepokkvulpex]

it's insane to me seeing such precise control over such miniscule distances

[@MasterCWG]

The animations of this channel are insane, Keep up the awesome content!

[@brodriguez11000]

They could do a master class on doing animation.

[@deleatur]

This is the BEST explanation I've ever seen in these 30 years of being an IT professional and educator. I really thank you!

[@loganholdaway769]

I could watch your content for hours on end. Thanks for making this available. Absolutely incredible.

[@FezCaliph]

I won't be as disappointed when my new HDD drive slows down over time seeing all that it does in such a short period of time

[@lzbhcvm6747]

Attachment to inanimate objects. First sign of mental problems

[@adolf_alija]

Samee

[@Imxpertgamer]

Regularly defragment the Hard-drive.

[@maq3009]

This is the best video I've ever seen that actually explains how memory is stored in a computer. I've been learning programming and I didn't understand how memory stays in the computer after you shutdown the computer and there is no power to it.

[@vex_ahlia7]

I don't know what the production pipeline structure to publish a video looks like over at 'Team Branch Education' but coming from a EEE engineer such as myself, the work/research you guys have put to study -> understand -> re create this stuff is phenomenal...firstly congratulations are in order. Secondly, why not give yourself some room and look into producing short video essays like stuff on these type of topics... or maybe split this video into a mini - series/playlist and give yourself some room to explore further. Just a prospective idea...😄

[@klafei]

This is exceptional, astonishing quality and attention to detail. 11/10.

[@stefanbuscaylet]

You are my favorite KZbin channel and I have loved your recent focus on storage. I’ve worked storage most of my professional career and have always felt its less appreciated in the eco system than compute (thanks Intel). Your work is always well researched and visualized perfectly. Now that you’ve covered both silicon and magnetic storage, I’d love to see you explore how both SSD and HDDs are integrated into massive hyperscale data centers which takes these mind boggling devices and build the next layer of mind boggling to make some of the most complex systems created by humans to date. For anyone else reading this join this man’s Paterson, his work is well deserving your support.

[@sjair6526]

These videos and animations are fascinating! This truly shows how complicated the machines we use every day are. Absolutely amazing!

[@localnyraccoon]

I already knew the general idea of how hard drives worked, but wow this really gave me a new understanding of it. The engineering that goes into these are insane.

[@aniketsoni1450]

I am a Computer Science Student and I really like how the computers have been made so complicated and unimaginably fantastic. I appreciate the work you are doing. 👍

[@ashkanaref4056]

Bro made sure no one will ever beats his quality level of content creation

[@mima85]

As an hard drive enthusiast (and collector), I find this video pure gold. Very well explained and animated.

[@FoxieDay]

This was way more fascinating than I expected. Brilliant job! Certainly gave me even more appreciation for this old but golden tech which I still use every day.

[@nilankoor]

This channel never fails to blow my mind. Incredible the way they educate with such mind-boggling animations. You could learn so much from them, it's insane!

[@ReminedRoad19th]

Thank you very much for your patience to help us learning better and better with outstanding visualization. I will share it with my friends to join to this channel.

[@marcosmisael4858]

WOW just wow 🤩 thanks branch education! This video clarifies all the doubts I had about HDDs; looking forward to watching the next videos! They are just perfection!!!

[@BranchEducation]

Glad you enjoyed it!

[@frias9664]

I wish this video existed when I was undergrad. It would have saved me all of the headache

[@AuraAcorn]

I love how deep the animation got! So in depth and high quality, and makes the topic a simple visualization that I can now explain to clients and computer enthusiasts!

[@jrntrfanboii]

So wonderful that every thing we see and use in our electronics are controlled by just some electrons moving through logic gates. These computer scientists have worked really hard man I wish I had that much amount of patience and dedication

[@eliseereclus3475]

Sure... but it's not one person, it's thousands and thousands of them...

[@aperson9375]

Wow so much quality based videos. Love the quality.

[@BranchEducation]

Much appreciated!

[@discoverlight]

Wow having this level of detail animation and info for free is a steal, I’ve always know the basic idea of how they work but this has taken me to a deeper level, still is unbelievable how this is possible and mass-produced it makes sense that 60 years back it would cost $4B.

[@MischeviousGP]

Once again, another spectacular video. Thanks branch education!

[@RamcesXD]

imagine a channel like this but oriented on coding, how loops work or how a pivot in sql works, amazing channel we have here ngl

[@orangetwingo]

I can summarize the video for you: hard drives are made with witchcraft and operated with witchcraft.

[@almendoy7836]

Hahahaha i agree with that 🤣🤣

[@LuigiCotocea]

Haha socery dude 😂

[@redbaron9029]

Pyramids and hard drives are made by people with passion and dedication towards their work. To average woke its witchcraft.

[@shiftfire4511]

They also get upset when you yell at them.

[@I.C.Weiner]

​@@redbaron9029my momma told me there were tiny gnomes chiseling 0s and 1s on the platters. I can't believe she lied to me.

[@danielengsvang3126]

One of the biggest achievements in technology in my opinion!. It is so fragile and precise but rarely fails. Just wonderful!

[@weldandcutdotcom]

I stumbled on your videos today and glad I did. I sure appreciate the incredible amount of work you put into these great videos.

[@ffs55]

Solid work, and I'm happy good sponsorships still exist! Thank you PCBWay

[@ElectronicAstronaut]

It's crazy that I watch this for free, great video

[@BranchEducation]

Thanks for watching!

[@bassemlmhiri9165]

you guys are the reason why I can bare the youtube ads ... your animations are PRICELESS !!! make longer videos please! and maybe think about making little pauses every 5 minutes So our little minds can handle this tremendous quantity of informations!!! Thank you so much, you are so much appreciated.

[@atrex4943]

you can also pause it yourself

[@gamingmitmaus6949]

My mind is blown that something efficient like this was engineered by just a few thousand people.

[@YolandaPlayne]

When I was a very young kid, about 2 or 3 years old, my father took me to a data center in 1985. The hard drives were as big as large fridges and he would climb inside of them from the top to repair electronic components of them by hand. The warehouse was huge and full of these old style drives. Now I imagine that entire warehouse of drives probably stores a fraction of the data of my 12TB HDD on my desktop. Instead of using disks, they used cylinders which is why you can go inside of it. I remember no one was allowed to see them but since I was so young they thought it wouldn't matter.

[@MiD218]

Although I'm truly glad we have blazing fast SSD's now, I will always have a fascination for HDD's. It's insane that we're able to operate such delicate changes mechanically on nanometer scales. Edit: Just to add, thank you guys for the relatively in-depth video's on complicated tech. I can't express how vastly you improved my knowledge about how certain tech works. From the level having a rough idea, to being able to explain to others as well.

[@Argedis]

I love SSD's but HDD's are still KING for storage capacity. If you care about data hoarding nothing can touch HDD's. Seagate and WD about to release 30TB drives

[@MiD218]

@@Argedis That's true. My NAS still relies on good ole HDD's of course. I was thinking about upgrading my NAS but I didn't know about the 30TB drives. I wouldn't trust the Seagate ones but I'll keep an eye out!

[@Argedis]

@@MiD218 Yeah the new drives are going to use the HAMR technology mentioned in the video. The roadmap at least for Seagate is 50TB Drives by 2026. It's insane!

[@raurmanproductions3438]

99% of individual humans have no need for that much space yet.@@Argedis

[@Argedis]

@@raurmanproductions3438 Anyone who prefers to backup their own family photos/videos instead of cloud storage would argue otherwise, or someone who likes high quality bluray rips as another example. Someone who does video editing as a hobby, or Data hoarders that want to back up KZbin channels before they get taken down, etc. The list goes on

[@bilu_BTW]

With this level of theoretical detail and beautiful animation, the videos on this channel are not just knowledge content but a love letter to computing. I even get emotional, parsa!

[@yaminsiddiqui4690]

Would love to see how type c and fast chargers work next!

[@AtOddsAlways]

This is absolutely fascinating! Thank you loads for this superb explanation and kudos for your animations. They're on a different level.

[@rodrigsdx4651]

insane content cant believe this is for free

[@htetaung6606]

How genius engineers can think and invent it? Amazing

[@chethanprabhas6580]

Really Wonderful Job Sir.

[@BranchEducation]

Many thanks

[@PPCFindingStudio]

Love this channel for their incredible work and teaching style. We get the best knowledge about that content. Thanks Branch Education.

[@BluishGreenPro]

I had written off advancements in HDDs since I’ve mostly switched to using SSDs instead; but it’s fascinating to see how they will continue to improve over time. Also; I recently purchased a HDD to use as long term backup to compliment the SSDs I use for day-to-day storage

[@Roxor128]

I'm still in the mindset of SSD for the OS, HDD for storing stuff. My system has two SSDs: a 500GB SATA one for booting the system, and a 120GB NVMe one for the swap partition and cache for the hard drives.

[@sajjadarts7121]

kzbin.info/www/bejne/fanFmaOdj9efbNk

[@asteroiderer]

I never expected any video to put out such detail on this subject. I appreciate it greatly. I love it.

[@GozuTob]

If a dust particle is so huge that would cause a damage to the disc, imagine how clean the room has to be while this disk was being manufactured back then.

[@BABYGODZILLA2009]

The disk manufacturing Clean room is 100 times more cleaner than an operating theater in a hospital my friend. Just mind blowing how this technology exists.

[@Bhuvan_MS]

Incredible video! Love the explanation and you made it so easy and interesting with those beautiful animations. Thank you for bringing up such quality content and that too for free!

[@oderalon]

One thing is to "know" how it works. Seeing it in detail is something completely different.

[@paulmillard9942]

Such an incredibly good explanation of how HD’s work, still, it’s completely insane to think of the billions of pieces of data captured millions of times with such pinpoint accuracy on a disk spinning at 7200 RPM, huh, mind boggling!

[@zakkforchilli]

This is just insane how cheap this is for us now and yet, how unbelievably complex it is still. Unbelievable.

[@utoothheartyeight]

...and if you consider cost per bit over time, the price reduction is even more incredible.

[@zoehltsen83]

Im always amazed by the amazing content on the internet. This is so detailed and animated so well. Keep up the good work!!

[@pixels_per_inch]

1:35 The platter speed depends on the drive, some spin at 5400 RPM, while some 7200 RPM. There are even faster drives like 10000 - 15000 RPM, however, those are no longer being sold for consumers.

[@frankpitochelli6786]

This channel is absolutely phenomenal, the amount of theories that are explained in an almost grade school manner are paramount. Excellent work....exceptionally well done..!!

[@A_Writers_Touch]

It's like alien technology.

[@liparitpoladyan4383]

This is awesome you went to skealaton parts piece by piece to make it more understandable. Great job 👍

[@jakedel1711]

trying to figure out how I'm going to explain this to cave men when i decide to time travel

[@oscarrodighiero1796]

I am grateful for the possibility that Branch Education offers supported by youtube to learn and know-

[@KatTheCaz]

Me taking like 3 photos a year:

[@rymal93]

Humans are amazing and insane

[@antirogue825]

0:11 bro has a hard drive in a gaming pc 💀

[@sodablast3812]

Yeah, hard drives are cheaper than nvme ssd’s and are often used for backups

[@LethalChicken77]

That is a perfectly sensible thing to do. SSDs are expensive, so you should go with a smaller 1TB one

[@vevr0]

Not as a boot drive, as storage

[@player3616_]

they beating yo ass in the replies

[@utoothheartyeight]

When my older brother got his first job in the '70s with IBM, he explained the workings of an early disk (platter) disk drive. I was about 12. I immediately recognized and said, "Nah, that's never going to work. Boy, was I wrong!

[@argvminusone]

This is a mechanical device that has a part suspended _15 nanometers_ above the surface of a rapidly spinning disk by a motorized arm. And they must never, ever touch. If it didn't already exist and work perfectly, I'd think it was impossible too! Your first reaction was not at all unreasonable. But it was, thankfully, incorrect.

[@LouiseOuimet-wo2dg]

Hello from Montreal, no matter how many times i watch these videos, are brains are not programmed to imagine 1 billionth of a meter...Take care and great great narrator. Signed Jim

[@manash_pr0]

I just LOVE videos that demonstrate a topic removing every part. Imagine using it to teach students in schools

[@worstcase86]

I want to hear this narrator do a Casey Kasem impression. I think he'd nail it.

[@williamjones7163]

I've been involved with PC's since the late 1970's. I have taken apart many crashed harddrives. This is the first time I've understood what all the gizmos in the drive were truly for. Other than the discs for wind chimes and the powerful magnets for refrigerator magnets.

[@Rustincohle88]

Who ever created this is Genius

[@user-uq3iw2nf6x]

most comprehensive illustration on youtube for hard disks thank you

[@Godmaker666]

Thanks

[@ElectronicsComputers]

That's what I call educational video. Thank you for this incredible video.

[@avanishpandey045]

One of the best explanation available on internet

[@kiranaaliffatika3193]

I love this explanation!! I am currently studying the technologies after HAMR and this video surely helps me grasp fundamental information about HDD, really appreciate it

[@KunalDMehta]

I was just 80 seconds into the video and I knew I had to smash the like and subscribe button without asking. Excellent production quality, thank you! As a content creator myself this was meditative! :)

[@Alex.In_Wonderland]

This is the first time I'm learning anything about computer hardware and I couldn't take my eyes off the screen! I must've been grinning like an idiot from ear to ear at how amazing computers really are and just how insanely complex! This video was incedible! phenomenal explanations and animations!

[@attag_ua]

It's incredible to think that all this technology is on consumer market and that is very sensitive to environment, yet some plastic + metal enclosure somehow protects it for long time

[@garyr7027]

This channel is fascinating in animation and explanation. Guaranteed it doesn't get any better than this.

[@huanvudinh3123]

I just randomly clicked on a video, and I glad I did. What an well-designed and comprehensive video! Absolutely amazing

[@imransheikh5505]

Branch Education you are doing wonderful work to teach people with excellent 3D 📉 📈 graphics. Highly appreciated.

[@BranchEducation]

Many thanks