How does cancer spread through the body? - Ivan Seah Yu Jun

View full lesson: ed.ted.com/lessons/how-does-ca...
Cancer usually begins with one tumor in a specific area of the body. But if the tumor is not removed, cancer has the ability to spread to nearby organs as well as places far away from the origin, like the brain. How does cancer move to these new areas and why are some organs more likely to get infected than others? Ivan Seah Yu Jun explains the three common routes of metastasis.
Lesson by Ivan Seah Yu Jun, animation by Andrew Foerster.

[@ohyeahyeah6974]

I really wish one day we can all just say "it's just cancer"

[@fabianalfonsoooo]

amen

[@fabianalfonsoooo]

@@joepat1279 tf?

[@heyimmary1876]

@@joepat1279 you shut up.

[@CharDhue]

Like a flu

[@heyimmary1876]

@@joepat1279 Actually Christianity is one of, if not, the most widespread religion there is 😬😬

[@cherylgildore1415]

I want to live to see all cancer gone.

[@ranks5156]

Cancer is a cell of YOURS that refuses to die

[@youjustgotroasted3476]

And AIDS rip Eazy e

[@chrisdiaz3024]

+RoboticEye ya

[@GirtheAlienGoldfish]

It won't happen.

[@Sweetybboy]

in a future certainly will be an easly Vaccine against the Cancer and most Diseases will be easly cured.. hopefully, but this is a life law about such kind of diseases.

[@pivanv23]

My mom died from stomach cancer, I hope the world would not experience this in the future.

[@etherealbeautybysteph]

Paul Ivan Villacrusis im so sorry for you, her and her family

[@sumitkumar-el3kc]

I'm really sorry to hear that, hope you're doing better now

[@chuck1381]

My mom died of blood cancer when i was 5

[@R12Burrito]

I’m sorry to hear that. Stay strong and healthy

[@DhananjayKumar-vp6cc]

It sorry for your mom and i know the cancer was finish

[@MrShadowslasher]

I don't have cancer but I hope they find a cure ASAP!!!

[@bakadop8437]

i dont thinks there is truly a cure for cancer since its our own cell that goes multyplying srry bad englsh

[@Sunshine-gv2gv]

It's odd that people say, "a cure" like there is this magic medics that can fix the damaged cells and keep them healthy. 🐉

[@zachp7603]

+Richie Rich they wont find a cure, cancer is being treated pretty much in the same way since the 30s. cancer makes too much money too be irradiated. note, in the 60s 1 in 20 people got cancer throughout their life, today its 1 in 3. you dont have to be a conspiracy theorist to understand that something is seriously wrong here.

[@zachkelly1847]

+Zach P. Yeah, right. And selling a vaccine to millions and millions of people with cancer wouldn't make any kind of income at aaaaall

[@GirtheAlienGoldfish]

Zach P, not how it works at all. People are getting older, living stationary lifestyles, getting fatter, getting too much sun, smoking, or are just plain unlucky. Cancer is an incredibly complex and tricky disease and leaves lasting damage. You seem to think that money is the only reason no one has found a cure, but the truth is that chemotherapy and cancer treatment is still a relatively new thing, first being used in the early 20th century and bone marrow transplants only being figured out in 1958. Medical progress takes time. We're trying to cure diseases that we don't have the technology to cure.

[@jonnywolf1234]

The animation kept me hooked lool

[@quinvaleriedalanon6579]

that's not how you spell lol

[@auckletl1379]

They have a Tendency to do that I love this channel

[@valerijamakarenko1714]

Immune cells were dope!

[@deleted.23]

Has a magic school bus vibe and I'm here for it

[@tylerdobson7868]

respect to those who have cancer

[@inna9882]

Why? Just because someone has cancer that does not mean that he is a good person.

[@RobbyBoy167]

Rephrased: "Respect to those who kicked cancers butt."

[@tylerdobson7868]

what I mean is that people who have cancer they know they can't do anything about it but they keep going

[@zavocadoooo]

+Tyler Dobson that means kicked cancers ass

[@akaashisth0t127]

My uncle had cancer, He died like 3 months ago give or take.

[@ashwoke]

I wonder if in the future cancer will be cured and we will all look back at it and think "remember when that thing was dangerous? Yeah me neither."

[@shahzebkhan6801]

Asher Yin I think when cancer is cured there would be another disease will take its place

[@miTTTir]

Cancer is NOT a single disease. It is a group of disease. Calling it "A" disease and hoping to eliminate it singularly is like considering ALL cartoons as the same as Micky Mouse.

[@GlowZoe]

Asher Yin cancer isn't even a disease though... it's a genetic mutation

[@chocolatelover1425]

Glow Zoe, caused by exposure to unshielded radiation or radioactive waves from space weather

[@MegaMGstudios]

Asher Yin and then we get 'cancer cure causes autism' claims

[@chizoioioi]

So artistic, artist needs kudos

[@rutvikporiya6257]

chizoioioi

[@doctorehchioya3116]

Blood cancer @Doctor-Ehchioya1 basin harbour cure and unspecialised on any disease. This is my WhatsApp number ([phone]) (Email [e-mail] ) m.facebook.com/Doctor-Ehichioya-104265892059460/?ref=bookmarks

[@thomashicks8470]

my grandma died of lung cancer on labor day 2012 after having it 3 other times in her lifetime - never smoked - she was 83 so i guess that's about around average but i still miss her she made me a better person

[@sophiamartin5909]

DAS SADDDDDDDDD

[@paradoxine6287]

sorry for ur loss :(

[@tanbird3811]

I am sorry for your loss and for the late comment...I hope you are feeling better.

[@lukatkalcevic9032]

So sorry to hear that ❤️

[@beverlyarmstead7105]

I am thankful , for this information it is very helpful. I never had cancer, but my best friend does. I am praying for her Survival. I want to educate myself on how it looks and it operates in the body. I am thankful, to God, that l am Cancer , free!

[@optimist_ic]

Sorry to say this, but u need not be this happy of being *cancer free* or whatsoever. First of all bcz cancer is something caused by sudden damage to oncogene in ur DNA to be specific mutation caused by powerful radiation that change the coding or in simple terms the language of the cells as they start dividing uncontrollably. And unfortunately, today the world we all live in is nothing safe of radiations. It doesn't need any of ur permission to cause harm. It can happen anytime to anyone. Though there is nothing much u can do to be sure to have no cancer but surely u can take some prevention methods to just reduce the chances of being attacked. Lastly, most dangerous property of most of the cancer types that they do not show any prominent syptom at the earlier stages. Most of them are diagnosed at stage 4 when the survival rate is less than 3-5%. I'm happy that u are health and hope the best for ur friend. Pls take care and spread awareness. Stay healthy 🙂

[@etherealbeautybysteph]

I hope a cure for cancer develops and i will pray for everyone with cancer and ur friend

[@vlogia3728]

How can the cancer cell survive in lymphatic system... Coz lymphatic system contains WBC why don't they kill the cancer cell there itself ...

[@lavendersky4608]

Pray for those who have cancer. 😥🙏

[@CatChannelWithEntertainment]

Ameen

[@lolitaharris4475]

Thank You

[@HeirOfGlee]

I was afriad to watch this as a cancer survivor and I have to say, I still am of it coming back. The more I know maybe will help me, but ignorance seems more blissful. I had non hochkins lymphoma (I know I spelt that wrong, again ignorance)

[@dusan19377]

Would you share with me what method did you cure yourself and some basic stuff about your condition? Thank you. :)

[@HeirOfGlee]

***** Just took chemo for a year. Its started with a rash I had on my face for years and every time I would check it the doctors would tell me ringworm until I got a lump around my collar bone

[@dusan19377]

Wow, that's serious. I'm glad you are fine now.

[@HeirOfGlee]

***** Yeah, now if can only ill keep going to my yearly check ups XD

[@PutuDharmaMahaYusa]

It's Hodgkin lymphoma, and thats okay (for the misspell) As far as I know, lymphoma is a disease of lymph node and easily spread across the body. I hope you fine, It's great to hear you be the survivor :)

[@JeitherJjoydMCeliz]

the animation is excellent tho.

[@shahirsheikh593]

Very well explained. Can’t wait to see where the research goes from here.

[@strawberrymilkmuffin2583]

This may be an old vid but I'm telling yall this channel has helped me learn so much about the human and it's CRAZY!!

[@subh1]

I recently read about this intriguing insight: Evolutionarily, cancer is a cell gone into panic mode. In response to damaged DNA, the cell takes up a hyper- survival and replication mode programmed into it. So it's basically a programmed response/behavior -- a very primitive program at the individual cellular level created during the first couple of billion years of evolution of life on earth. This was good for ensuring survival of cellular life on the planet when the planet was being bombarded by radiation and asteroids -- replicate in large numbers when sensed something terribly wrong. But this turned out to be a really bad feature for multicellular organisms.

[@MysticKenji2]

+subh1 Interesting. Where did you find out about this?

[@chocolatelover1425]

subh1, that's true but you have to be exposed to high levels of unshielded radiation or radioactive waves or high energy rates which then cause genetic mutations.

[@TheOtherNeutrino]

And this feature has not been deprecated as of last cell updates.

[@thearmyofiron]

someone needs to patch it, or at least open source it so someone can actually patch it

[@kingquality1484]

@@thearmyofiron you can't. It's part of the source code. Developers should've released Human DNA 2.0 back when it was at its early age.

[@zoedoesart814]

my grandpa died of brain cancer.i heard the news the day we were going to visit him.i never saw his grave

[@jmanscarceboi4480]

my cousin died of blood cancer when he was almost 3

[@voranzy6855]

My grandad died around christmas we were overseas and it has been 3 years since we last saw him we couldnt afford going back to my home country we didnt make it to the funeral

[@videogameguy9093]

My mother died of liver cancer when I was around 6.

[@megasableye2210]

I am so sorry, I lost a cat to being attacked by a chipmunk at night, we were doing every thing , but it did not help

[@avtrinidad11]

I lost my dog to her getting hit by a neighbor's car );

[@melatisasabila3718]

Thank you for making this more easy to understand with the animation, really. Thanks!

[@aumediwibisana4613]

This animation is amazing, thank you for this :D.

[@namaske2594]

Imagine in the future when Cancer is just an easily curable disease and nobody cares about it anymore...

[@ryk2131]

I hope that day comes soon... Bcz I have seen my family member suffering from deadly pain

[@ToxicIsTaken]

Bro explained it in 4 minutes better than a 50 minute ap biology class 💀

[@AA-dc4yz]

Cancer is scary :(

[@optimist_ic]

Yep, but it makes u a fighter.

[@mr.t-7243]

@Dorris Tammy something something random blog better than scientific research use herb not medicine. Edit: this is satire right?

[@ngandang96]

My mom died of cancer just after 2 weeks of diagnose. I hope some day it will be successful to save patients at final stage. I also wondered wht way could miraculously do that but after the notion of trying to find the nuturing route to feed cancercells we can find a way to cut that route, and can only do that by understanding more abt cancer mechanism how it lives and functions within our body. And the immune treatment looks promising I know this kinda method took place long ago but its great they could bring it to further advance!

[@AlexStuglik]

Great video and loyal follower of TED! I'm just asking in your videos maybe you can incorporate definitions or examples when using complex definitions like Transcoelomic, Lymphatic and Hematogenous spread. Please and thank you!!!!

[@rodrimaux1128]

That was an awesome animation.

[@thanthan8704]

Rip the blade

[@irarelycomment2047]

Technoblade never dies😔

[@leeondene]

before i was diagnosed with metastasis to the lungs from undifferentiated pleomorphic liposarcoma of the upper extremity (arm) i had sever swelling of my supraclavicular lymph nodes, while i did not get cancer in my lymphs i do believe they were struggling with the invasion that had started as these nodes drain the lungs and chest areas. we have so much to learn still, what a *f'ed* disease.... i do not know that i will see my way out of this mess, my cancer is too rare for absolute treatments - mostly chemo insensitive (grateful for that), surgery is the mainstay treatment and how much can you reasonably chop - once it has come to stage 4 we really have much more hope than surity of survival x

[@gamerdiydad]

Hello. How are you doing now?

[@jennylu6169]

Useful information. Thanks

[@BluncheonMeat]

My father had undergone IL-2 therapy for renal cell carcinoma. It was extremely effective in terms of short-term reductions in cancer nodule size, but it also simultaneously was agonizing to endure. It may have helped add a few months to his life, but ultimately it wasn't enough. I wouldn't recommend it for treatment of late-stage cancers with low recovery rates, but rather for situations where the cancer was detected early enough such that extensive metastasis has not already occurred, I suppose unless it's mainly for the sake of research. Interesting video though.

[@kranker114]

Shouldn't we be asking, "What causes tumors?", "How can we prevent tumors?", "If we can't prevent tumor, how can we prevent them from transforming into cancer?".

[@blakkwaltz]

The cause of cancer is fairly simple you should really google before you comment. Anyways your cells have a DNA cap that prevents them from multiplying past a certain point but when a carcinogen like air smoke radiation or sunlight hits those caps the DNA is let loose and the cell multiplies like mad but your body doesn't think it's a disease since there aren't any of the typical pathogen that's why cancer is so hard to deal with

[@dusan19377]

Garry said it half way. Cancer cells are your own cells who reverse their way of life by multiplying simply because they live in acidic environment. Cancer cells don't have oxygen so they must eat sugar to make energy for their survival. Eating foods that will make your body more alkaline will prevent you from getting cancer. And If you already have cancer, you need to strength you immune system and get to alkaline point where body will heal itself.

[@kranker114]

Gary Merchant You are commenting like I only asked one question. Please answer the first two questions before skipping to the third question. I'm proposing a way to prevent cancer from producing in the first place. Sort of like, preemptive, preventive medicine. Anyways, to a lot of people it seems like almost anything can trigger cancer, so what initiates cancer growth is irrelevant. I'm curious to what we can do to stop cells from producing tumors that can transform into cancer. I guess that one way to help remove bad cells (like cancer producing tumors before they spread around even more) is by multiple sessions of blood scrubbing. Though this is a response to what has already began to grow. Well, I am ignorant about certain aspects of cancer. I'm just attempting to bring out new ideas or at least bringing those ideas back into circulation. :)

[@Silverizael]

***** Oh god, you're one of those crazy acidic/alkaline people. Do you actually believe that nonsense?

[@dusan19377]

Silverizael Yes, I do. I saw people getting cured with my own eyes. :) My grandpa died in June 2006. from cancer and he was the victim of conventional medicine. I always remember him when I hear someone is going to chemo or radiation...

[@summera.5605]

Awesome !! Great job . Thanks

[@jordanmalfara1501]

this was a really fun video. i love TED

[@jameswray50]

Everyone in youtube comments are biologists -_-

[@shahzebkhan6801]

DaCamponTwee I am not a biologist

[@MegaMGstudios]

im an official fesioligist of the frontal digestive opening

[@abhinavjn1]

Quite informative. Really loved the immune system training !! :p

[@mariusparaschiv7994]

nice job.. thank you!

[@daisuke910]

The third theory of metastasis is through chemokine signalling (a type signalling protein) allowing for a more specific spread usually to lymph nodes, and can leads to extracapsular spread (ECS) due to extra pressure exerted by the proliferating cancer cells. This has been a strong evident but in head and neck cancer due to the proximity. 1/3 of total human lymph nodes situated in the head and neck region

[@Skandar0007]

That's wrong Cancer begins as a cell The cell grows into a tumor

[@AwesomeAnything]

This is just the process of the spreading after that initial development.

[@kat284]

I would have also added that cancer is an immortal cell

[@pinkchalk4888]

They did mention that the cell grows to a tumour

[@steveprendiz]

@@kat284 Immortal Cell? I think you meant abnormal cell.

[@humanbeing1429]

Bakwas

[@immersiveparadox]

I'm really scared of cancer... I have lost my grandfather in lung cancer and my aunt in throat cancer that spread to her stomach, she passed away in late 2016... I hope someday there will be a cure for that...

[@sukanyashaw2275]

Hey..how are you doing?

[@gloriam8493]

This video explained better than the whole crew of doctors I met last few months. Thank you creator and youtube, this animation is awesome.. I finally get what the F is this!

[@AbhilashNairSpartnax]

such an awesome video

[@abreecs3511]

The whole planet has been Cronenberged, Morty.

[@debbiesa34]

RIP God be with US. EVERY HUMAN THAT HAS IT AND THAT HAS PASSED FROMIT...🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼 I pray one day , we will find a cure. Love from Austin Tx RIP Eddie Van Halen

[@anleyteferra7846]

Thank you so much!

[@ushanshammika7594]

Love the Animation

[@pattheegreat]

After 7 years of this video, we are still at the same level of understanding of cancer as then. Sad

[@jasonsachs6688]

Most times cancer spreads by seeding, which is caused sometimes during a biopsy. Your body traps cancer cells inside a cyst, or lump, which imprisons it in inside now called a tumor. When a biopsy is performed, they stick the tumor 6 or more times or cut a sample for testing. Well in duing so, what they dont want you to know, if it is cancerous, they have opened the tumor iside the body, releasing cancer seed cells from their prison. They get oxygen and travel through your body. Oxygen also gets into the tumor as well causing those to spread wildly as well. This is why everything moves at such a higher pace if its results are cancer. The Dr knows they released it during the biopsy, so its only so long now to possibly treat and prolong your life. Maybe. But when they do surgery, chemo, and radiation. Which possibly gets rid of the origional tumor, some of those seed may have already metastasized and be planted elsewhere in the body. They can only concentrate the chemo and rad. at that origional tumor spot. If that cancer has spread far enough, it will already be established there and possibly elsewhere in the body. The Dr cant tell if it has or not. They cant test you till well after ur last treatment. Thats why it a lot of times it just POPS up outta no where they say. Didnt see that coming. Gotta start trearments right away all over again. Usually within months up to 5years later if u survive that long. No one dies from their origional cancer! They die from complications of the spread seeds, medical procedures, or the meds. Thats FACT. R.Fletcher #FXCKCANCER

[@exoticmatter9546]

Thank you!

[@samir4128]

Best part about teded is animation 👍

[@bilaloguz1098]

cancer cells: "why do i hear boss music"

[@BaBooTubeVideos]

Draw me like one of your immune cells. *Gets into comfortable position.*

[@prajotirane9276]

well this is really hazardous i mean a very dangerous diseases probably affecting many of them but still thanx........for sharing such imp. message.....

[@LunatheMoonDragon]

+SWARA the fuck?

[@jamylo2916]

RIP Techno

[@turnerlost1428]

Where all watching this video for 1 reason

[@WEBSERIESLOVERS-pm3fy]

i love this powerful small things because he will help in case in a cancer i am happy to see thish

[@aadarsh8306]

Animation is amazing guys

[@foulmiasma8207]

The thumbnail looks like Spongebob title card.

[@lordvonhabsburg9146]

3:21 when u skip leg days

[@eedabc123]

great video

[@mayaravieira7599]

Muito interessante esse vídeo!

[@NITRIXXXXX]

RIP Technoblade . Hi to the people who came here after techoblade's death .

[@axies9929]

Me

[@thantboy8212]

Hi

[@bctbbarlson231]

Correction / wher3e is YOUR compassion

[@sparkles.7753]

How do you guys make such good animations? Which software did you use?

[@ravijalihal9070]

So nice...science students really enjoys it....😎

[@coleensays4683]

I rebuke every cancer cells in our body in the name of Jesus! Amen.

[@humanbeing1429]

And all the cancer cells in the world are confused why they are still here. 😢😥😭

[@bezagebremedhine5102]

Amen✝️❤

[@meegz149]

I loved the immune cells! So cute. I was laughing through the second half.

[@dreamiet]

Love the animation :) i hope one day cancer is something that only exist in history books

[@afraiddoctor2277]

Super awesome 😃

[@justsmile4742]

RIP Technoblade. I know you here because of Technoblade.

[@dewpressed2895]

Yes, Rest in Piece Technoblade

[@AndrezyOne]

Yep :(

[@joshuaparisi7438]

No I just need my school work answers

[@mksharma1415]

Come on immune system,you command the cells,how can you lose cancer if you are too strong.we need a cure ASAP.

[@mayasenthilvel3711]

I want to live long enough to see the invention of a proper cure to cancer .

[@skye1126]

I always wondered with all the ones they donate to cancer research we would think it would be solved but cancer must be a very strong . Stay healthy everyone stay safe 🙏🏻

[@skye1126]

With all the money*

[@nityakishoriradhe]

😙😙 pls make more entertaining as well as educative videos.... I'm a med student... want to be entertained and educated at the same time😍

[@2xSombras]

i thionk we all know why we are here

[@mohamedwaleed6485]

😭😭😭😭😭😭

[@sehlabrahmi]

thanks I had to work on it for my final exam 🇨🇵

[@heavymeddle28]

Aaaw the cancer cells you animated was so cute. Almost beautiful

[@petardjonic5280]

Who researched this topic because one and only Minecraft Legend Technoblade

[@lonylon4887]

I did 😢 Rest In Peace Technoblade.

[@AndrezyOne]

Same here :(

[@mohamedwaleed6485]

😭😭

[@Houston810]

LOVED the leukocytes lol

[@RichardRitterMM3RITTER]

Considering how much this topic has effected our family int he past few years it is good to know how it works fromt he 50k level view.

[@razaakhonzada9436]

Thankx bro

[@zigagman]

Cancer is bad and we need a cure. RIP Technoblade

[@williamgarcia356]

this video is wrong Cancer spreads through the youtube comment section

[@alexluvsdogs1269]

William Garcia SHUT UP CANCERS NO JOKE

[@roshel9124]

@@alexluvsdogs1269 agreed

[@Jose-fb3bf]

Cancer shouldn’t be made fun of

[@hephaestus9901]

@@alexluvsdogs1269 here we have a couple of white knights thinking they are so noble for preventing jokes about cancer

[@joepat1279]

@@alexluvsdogs1269 no u

[@christianjoelcustodio8407]

@TED-Ed can you make a video debunking the myth that cancer is a vitamin b17 deficiency? Great video, btw!

[@SomosLaNuevaEra]

Musica curativa para Sanacion y Meditacion‚ eleva tu espiritu y Sana tus Emociones diariamente ❤❤❤️

[@shaunavila5745]

I thought it starts with toxic players..

[@neel6507]

RIP Technoblade

[@lynneblair2905]

I have cancer wow and I get bullied a lot bc I have cancer and my mom and dad help me to be happy thxs for the vi

[@MitsuriK14]

The animation was great......

[@typicalpuppy7809]

I had a cancer commercial before this vid lol

[@multistannerbitch7109]

TypicalPuppy YT ..there aren’t any adds in this though...

[@montypigofthedoodleclan8659]

ITS THE LAST OF US IN REAL LIFFFFFFFEEEEE! XD

[@Bokei86]

very scientific ivan seah yu jun

[@KuraSourTakanHour]

If you could stop only metastasis, cancer would lose the main factor which makes it so life-threatening. It might not technically be a cure, because cancer could reoccur in the same place, but it would be exponentially more manageable

[@oxanasinclair5910]

my mum's friend once had cancer and only had a few days to live someone gave her some aloe vera jell she survived 😄

[@alexscott730]

oxana sinclair Having cancer isn't always a death sentence so your snake oil story proves nothing whatsoever.

[@ahmedsalama317]

4:14 Jojo reference??

[@user-wk8cm8ce5f]

My dad survive brain cancer in 2013-2014 😀 he was in center city Philadelphia

[@raphietsukimi3377]

Can you make a video about how our bodies react if there's a cancer?

[@hatedchanel1063]

0:40 John:I think I like trains.... Train cancer: *AAAAAAAAA*

[@mass5904]

crazy animations

[@yukioh5631]

Oh my god my 2nd year medical exam is tomorrow. This video covers topics which may be tested in oncology ie metastatic cascade, theories, immunotherapy and cell based therapies. There's also immunoediting. Gah I'm so nervous

[@exterminatorlater6311]

did you pass??????

[@veryberry39]

I keep watching these things, knowing it's going to make me anxious and paranoid.

[@ZaraKendall]

A Perfect Circle punched Cancer, good job APC!