How does Magnetic Levitation work? || Crude Levitator circuit

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Parts list: (affiliate links):
Aliexpress:
SS495A Hall effect sensor: s.click.aliexpress.com/e/_dXM...
Electromagnet: s.click.aliexpress.com/e/_BfA...
IRLZ44N MOSFET: s.click.aliexpress.com/e/_dWh...
TC4420 MOSFET Driver: s.click.aliexpress.com/e/_d9e...
PCB Terminals: s.click.aliexpress.com/e/_dYb...
UF4007 Diode: s.click.aliexpress.com/e/_dYR...
Ebay:
SS495A Hall effect sensor: rover.ebay.com/rover/1/711-532...
Electromagnet: rover.ebay.com/rover/1/711-532...
IRLZ44N MOSFET: rover.ebay.com/rover/1/711-532...
TC4420 MOSFET Driver: rover.ebay.com/rover/1/711-532...
PCB Terminals: rover.ebay.com/rover/1/711-532...
UF4007 Diode: rover.ebay.com/rover/1/711-532...
In this video we will have a closer look at the subject of magnetic levitation. At first we will talk about the theory on how to achieve the suspension of a magnet in midair and then we will create a crude levitator circuit that did not work very well but still showcased how the main principle works.
Music:
2011 Lookalike by Bartlebeats
Ecstatic Wave, Jens Kiilstofte
machinimasound.com/music

[@JasonMasters]

My first thought was three words: Pulse Width Modulation. Feed the electromagnet with fast on-off pulses and modulate their width to change how strongly it attracts the magnets, depending on the output of the hall effect sensor.

[@JjMn1000]

Ok

[@videogameplaythrough7043]

Excellent idea. A theoretical idea I had was to suspend plasma around a metal core inside of a magnetic field in order to suspend the material indefinitely.

[@videogameplaythrough7043]

A sensor would be required to adjust for magnetic polarity.

[@videogameplaythrough7043]

Now, theoretically speaking, is it possible to create such a thing in order to suspend a plasma like substance? I was considering a highly pressurized element about a hundred times more dense than osmium. The idea would be then to contain the element inside a magnetic chamber while being attached to a metallic core that could then be used to assist in suspending the element. The magnetic chamber would function as a shielding. A pin sized actuator could be installed, most likely created by another magnetic force which would allow for an exhaust or discharge in the event that it was needed. Now the idea goes further with plasma, not just a magnetic core, but creating an elemental compound. The compound itself would be suspended by the mixture rather than being held by a core. This new form of theoretical science could be exploited to create artificial gravity or a new system of propulsion for space travel.

[@cndbrn7975]

How about using - Harmonic Resonance Frequencies - In a power system when the system's natural frequency corresponds to the frequency of a source of harmonic current, "HRF" Occurs. Surround the "Magnetic Chamber" in an array of "HRF."

[@hughjanus6975]

You have so many videos. I've been watching at least one daily for months and I'm still recommended unseen ones every day. Thank you for the content.

[@julian-io5wl]

I'am a german guy watching a german guy speaking english 😂

[@madridistaone]

the gramar was perfect but still sounds strange .

[@overloader7900]

@@martinda7446 I'm a russian guy reading about english guy reading about german guy watching german guy speaking english in English

[@Max-fh7ij]

@@martinda7446 I'm a German guy reading about an English guy reading about a Russian guy reading about an English guy reading about a German guy watching a German guy speaking English

[@skrcasm]

@@Max-fh7ij I'm an Indian. I'm simply looking at various foreigners discussing about other foreigners.

[@rojin5982]

Omae va mou.. Shinderiu

[@mohamedtalaatharb2441]

Oscillations are inherent phenomena with on/off control, you will probably need to modify your circuit to have some form of PI or PID controller. It would be a good project to show how some of this concepts on a practical example like magnetic levitation or inverted pendulum.

[@chiritamonica]

0:10 greatscott's magnetic fidget spinner

[@igorsantoandreavisioli4890]

kzbin.info/www/bejne/eqGaY4atd6mWZrc

[@TheEnragedGamer]

Just stop

[@TechsScience]

Igor Santo Andréa Visioli what language does he speaks?

[@nametag1723]

I guess so!

[@Matthyske]

A teacher from midschool designed something like that, and it worked great ! He used a lightbulb and a big LDR on the other side (half of the LDR whas shade because the ball floated before the lightbulb), to get an analoge reading of the height. Than the used a PID-regulator to control the coil. He made it to demonstrate each action of the PID regulator. Nice project ! :)

[@greatscottlab]

Thanks for the feedback. I will integrate a PID next. Maybe even make a basics video while I am at it.

[@Matthyske]

GreatScott! Great :) i always enjoy watching your video's. A great source of insperation

[@petar7790]

GreatScott! Hey Scott great project as always. You don't really need a PID, PI should be enough. Perhaps try with 2 coils on top of it and 2 hall sensors for better positioning in-between the coils.

[@DruMsfR3aK]

The main problem is the two point regulator. It creates a limit cycle in most cases, which causes oscillation (e.g. iron with bi-metal switch). Using a simple P regulator may not help either because of the instable poles of the system. You definitely need at least a PD regulator in order to stabilize the levitation system.

[@Matthyske]

DruMsfR3aK a digital signal is too crude i think, so analoge control of the coil is needed. PD regulator ? So if the magnets fall fast, the D will add will add a burst to compensate ? I think that will oscilate (magnet falls, Burst of coil, magnet rises again and proces repeats). And if the magnet hovers at the desired height, the D action does noting. The D action is usefull when you insert the magnet, to adjust the proces fast if the magnet is inserted. I think a I action is still needed to fine adjust to the perfect current trough the coil.

[@deuce7986]

This is a great video, it's extremely easy to follow and understand

[@AmericanPiddler]

I absolutely love Magnets and The Great Scott Channel! Better than anything on TV!

[@Xyz-77]

Finally! I have been waiting so much for this video!

[@HiMyNameIs392]

Would be so interested in seeing you fixing this thing! Love your vids. Good job

[@Will256]

Very awesome video! I had always assumed that magnetic levitation just used static magnets, but now it makes sense that there needs to be a dynamic component to make it work correctly.

[@theprojectviewer15]

Another amazing video! I learn so much from your videos. Thanks again!

[@sagarshubham8660]

Great video as always :) We made one maglev project 2 years back. Ours used an arduino UNO and anlaog hall effect sensors(one attached to the bottom of the electromagnet and other similar to how you did). That helped us to apply a simple position based PID loop (actually just PD was used). Also, before adding the "floating" magnet, we measured the full swing of our electromagnet (800 Copper Coils powered by bench power supply with iron nuts in core). We also had to account for magnetic hysteresis in final demo, but that was easy as it just needed a few adjustments of Kp and Kd. All that hard work brought as 5-10 seconds of levitation at max. It seems your commercial electromagnet has little to no magnetic retention, so you will definitely get better results with PID implementation.

[@theincompleteeducation563]

Another great video, always looking forward to the next one. I would suggest a different circuit which doesn't turn the electromagnet on and off but rather adjust the current flowing through the electromagnet such that it reduces/increases the current at a constant rate according to the hight of the floating magnet. You wouldn't get the oscillations and you'd be able to adjust the height of the magnet very accurately.

[@kecoaberkacamata6128]

as long as I know, you need to know the transfer function of your system in order to have a better compensator in closed-loop controller. nice video and thanks!

[@TimeRemnant772]

Hey bro u have given an awesome idea for the minor project thanks. Always love your video.

[@deadbird99]

4:30 too much caffeine lately? ^^

[@greatscottlab]

+X99 Possible

[@nityodaytekchandani701]

xD

[@zanpekosak2383]

GreatScott! Those tremors you got are pretty common with electronics. Also i found the higher the voltage the bigger the tremors. Every time I wire 400V 3phase my hands are shaking if I hold the cable when electricity flows thru...

[@zen6591]

X99 mother board

[@dushyantverma8890]

@@greatscottlab why do you rarely reply

[@bassamdawood9700]

Hello Great Scott ! The reason why this doesn’t work is because a magmatic levitation device is a second order non-linear system that can’t be driven by turning ON and OFF the current . You’ll need a PID controller to drive the coil with the proportional current required to levitate. Big fan of your videos! Keep it up !

[@ddkuo]

Dude you're straight up awesome!!!

[@kevintamez]

Thats really awesome. Thanks!

[@tokigami1780]

Yey U make my idea posted on facebook for random q&a video! Thank you!

[@jeecodetv]

Thank you for this video. We will try this too to one of our tutorial video.

[@jthrush]

I built this same device years ago (only using an optical sensor rather than a hall effect sensor) when I was an engineering student just for fun. I had the same problem- it would oscillate out of control, no matter how sensitively you tune the threshold. The problem, I realized after some simple computer simulations, is that you are not accounting for the momentum of the suspended object. If you are only triggering the electromagnet based on position, then you have no way to dampen oscillations that will inevitably build up. How I solved this was to create a differentiation circuit that would, in effect, tell me the velocity of the object and then modulated the electromagnet using both the position and differential. A simple PID controller. I don't recall if I used an integration circuit as well so it might have just been a PD controller. Worked like a charm and I had a stable levitating ball bearing.

[@tobortine]

This is excellent please continue to experiment with magnetic levitation.

[@ams0063]

I always love your videos and learn many things. I wish and would love if you keep making such videos.

[@greatscottlab]

Thanks, I will try to keep up my production :-)

[@MIsam-fv9kb]

Excellent video as usual

[@pramod_Kumar..]

Congratulations 700k subscribers!!!

[@greatscottlab]

Thanks

[@TomsBackyardWorkshop]

Cant wait for the next one.

[@felixruiztorrez5192]

Really good video. A bang bang controller. It would be interesting to see a video with a pid or optimal controller.

[@lucav4045]

This is just amazing. I've seen Hacker Lab's video with the hoverboard And wondered about how this works. And now this : )

[@TheBenJiles]

His penmanship is the most amazing thing about the video.

[@theswissvaper]

Geile Sache Alter..... Habe dich abonniert

[@gromyfpv4322]

Always a great project to watch! I wonder if you modulated the magnet driver at a high frequency if that would reduce the oscillation?

[@MCsCreations]

Fantastic work, man. :)

[@luis96xd]

I liked very much this video, it was amazing, !

[@balazswensofszky3604]

Pls do a vacuum tube (or power tube) basics! And keep up the great work! Ur doing an extraordinary job!

[@adrianramos2229]

I think if you use a microcontroller as an Arduino an make a PID control system using de analog part of the hall sensor it might work, with the PID you could vary the intensity of the magnetic field in the coil. Great Video!

[@sirsundays]

Plz, show to make a levitating earth. Had this idea once but couldnt imagine how to do it with just an permanent ring magnet. Would love to see a solution. Keep up the great work!

[@proller14]

+GreatScott! I think you should apply some sort of control loop based on the output of the hall sensor, to control the electro magnet, because this way it's only acts as an On/Off switch, that's why you have this weird oscillation.

[@perrodegraciaosondep]

Excelent explication great work !

[@sato4kaiba]

Scott, you need to have your magnet rotating to create centripetal force to ack as a gyroscope to balance the magnet at a single point in 3d space. You may want to change the vRef resistor R4 in the 1/2 voltage divider to a POT as you can then tune the circuit by changing the vRref. This way you can decrease the oscillations observed in the initial run of the experiment.

[@joelperez88888]

UFOs use same concept?

[@cadtech8947]

Love your work your say real fact. Thanks

[@eddievanhorn5497]

Great job Scott!

[@christopherraines7080]

thanks for the video :]

[@kvlpnd]

Wow... i was just waiting for your video. After all it was sunday today.

[@rafaelmarroquin4429]

great as always :)

[@savithrisaravanan]

geat scott... realy you are great

[@aishwaryapratapsinghjadaun6083]

you are brilliant man......... good job

[@videogameplaythrough7043]

Keep this up. Very promising for the future of mankind.

[@ZeroXAlAttas]

all the best mate!

[@rajuns6911]

Super class Brother

[@nityodaytekchandani701]

Hey GreatScott please do a basics video on Schematic Diagrams !! Thanks!

[@greatscottlab]

It is on my to do list

[@southjerseysound7340]

Not to take away from Great Scott because I too would like such a video.But in the meantime there is some great schematics info in some of Mr Carlson's lab videos if you're interested.But I recall them being just parts of his videos where he designed a project so it wasnt too in depth but still was some of the better stuff i've seen..

[@william_mazza]

Yes, I'm curios about GreatScott hand schematics "savoir faire"

[@nityodaytekchandani701]

Okay thanks, I'm going to check that out.

[@harsh.thakkar]

Great project ,you could place a current carrying loop ( orelectromagnetic sensors )on the sides that turn on the electromagnet as soon as the magnet goes through it.

[@BillySugger1965]

Hey Scott, great video. Surely when you turn on the electromagnet it will disturb the magnetic field enormously and will create a huge hysteresis loop which causes the oscillation. Can you either: 1) add a variable feedback path around the comparator to offset the magnetic feedback, or 2) use a micro controller (or logic circuit) to pulse the electromagnet at high duty cycle and only read the comparator when the electromagnet is off and the Hall sensor is only influenced by the floating magnet?

[@johnjoseph8964]

very much satisfied thanks

[@klausziegler60]

This is a great channel

[@pawewolny8499]

Great video! Could you make a video about acoustic levitation?

[@RodaHathara]

First time seeing cute writings with a LEFT HANDER

[@pacmanptg4857]

great scott!!!!!!!!!!!!

[@HerobrineXDD]

Woah 🤩🤩 thanks for this explanation

[@publicmail2]

Yes a tighter offset, I have a levitation globe and you can hear it around 10Khz oscillating. I am surprised it can feedback fast enough to find the perfect attracting magnetism, it's very delicate.

[@deltaray3]

You may have failed but you came really close to succeeding and that was cool enough to see for this video.

[@waltsteinchen]

What you are trying to achieve is exactly what I build as my 'Facharbeit' ~30 years ago. Using a photoelectric sensor and a PID (Proportional-Integral-Differential) regulator made out of of 741's those days it finally worked like a charm. I think the original schematic was described in a very old ELECTOR. BTW. I'm a big fan of your videos!

[@greatscottlab]

Thanks for the feedback. Glad that your project worked out fine. I will see whether I might do a basics video about PID an use this levitator as an example.

[@alisaberiq]

Great engineer !

[@yongxiangu6969]

I like your videos!

[@alexanderdrechsel6858]

the end of this series is probably "Transrapid DYI" :) great vid

[@arunprashanth369]

That was awesome great Scott !!! . Why don't you try to built like electro magnetic bed consisting of electro magnets and by hall effect sensors energieing the bed's only part by deviations caused by the magnet which would probably results in stabilised position with continuous change of equilibrium position

[@cobaltdad]

Fun! As others have noted, a PID loop will solve this problem. And also don't directly control the on/off, use a PWM and have the PID control the on/off ratio of the PWM.

[@erdum]

You are my teacher iam watching you around 2 years from pakistan love you keepitup

[@doufasmilz485]

Nice tutorial

[@DaPPlschamp33]

This video is freakin awesome!!!!Hasselhoff rules!!!! Thanks for the vid

[@ntnsonwale4381]

Great !!!!! Great Scott ! Hey can you make video on How to design a blocking oscillator please !!!!! Thanks !

[@greatscottlab]

I put it on my to do list

[@tuhermana205]

I will soon become a patreon, just to support you man

[@greatscottlab]

Thanks mate

[@timhooper3891]

love it!

[@noahpfluke6981]

What if you used the analog pin from the hall sensor and had that control the duty cycle of a pwm signal to the electomagnet. That would seem to keep it from turning on/off, but it would create smoother adjustments as the footing magnet moves

[@aksavage8793]

You should try changing the magnets strenght instead of just turning it off.✌🏻

[@mogami28]

Nice thank you

[@sarasonu1436]

I was waiting when you will make a video about magnetic levitation

[@dhruvchawla5476]

Your handwriting is so good wow

[@majkoce]

I think that you will need to use PID controler in your code. It get's rid of the oscilation and after fine tunning it your magnet will be levitating steadily.

[@Haellsigh]

I think you might need a proper PID regulation with a PWM signal driving the MOSFET for this one to work. Great video.

[@yelectric1893]

air core too

[@richardhoch5080]

Please make this working *-* it's so cool

[@Rainbowang123]

MagLev is a highly non-linear system. By using on-off state of control is insufficient, thus causing the oscillation. A conventional PID ocntroller isn't that encouraged to be implemented in this project too, except you apply model linearization beforehand. And I believe that the performance of the MOSFET isn't LTI (Linear time-invarient), thus suggest that first determine the LTI range of the MOSFET beforehand too. - A control system researcher, a Brian Douglas' huge fans -

[@adrianramos2229]

I thought of the same idea

[@mlit83]

Thanks for the video! And leaving it open source! I'll be building one to levitate a small flower or cactus, and another one with an induced "Edison" bulb e27 socket. 😊 any tips? I'm planning to put them on a platform.

[@franciscojaviersanabriarom9523]

Great video You have thought about designing a PID for this project? would be fabulous thanks for share your knowledge

[@chrisproudlove1280]

Left handed! Dangerously creative 😜

[@apurvsharma1261]

Nice video bruh

[@Hexor1211]

Whole schematic is very simple, so you can expect problems everywhere. If you want to stabilize position of levitating magnet, I would recommend to use analog value from HAL sensor instead of comparator ON/OFF and try to use PID control.

[@alankhaev8467]

Awesome!

[@thesmallfriendlysquid470]

Scott IS pretty great

[@TokayGekko]

I have a feeling that the type and value of the flyback/back emf-suppressing diode might affect how well this works. Other things to play with (if not already tried) The resonant frequency (fc) the DC resistance of the coil - in relation to the properties of mosfet and voltage supply.

[@efesstuff4936]

Waiting for a video about isolation and safety. Also good video again.

[@raffmaxi]

Well safety is clearly a topic of +Electroboom.

[@JS7457]

raffmaxi it is lmao

[@VedafoneYT]

Nice work... but I think that to make it works you may use a triac instead of Mosfet to apply a variable voltage thus a variable magnetic field so you can control the distance more efficient.

[@riccardotommasin3904]

To make it work you could put a north polarity electromagnet on the top, a south one on the bottom and in the center place a magnet with the sane polarity as the electromagnets. Nice video.

[@lolplayfelix-_-2713]

ok lets just keep it simple: german(native): okay du kannst einfach den ausgang infrarotentfernungssensoren an den pwm duty cycle von nem mosfet treiber anschließen english(not one of my strenghs): you could just use IR distance "sensors" and control the output as an pwm signal duty cycle of a mosfet driver

[@ibrahimshaglil1141]

Plz make a part 2

[@greatscottlab]

I will. Not sure when though.

[@mihiravp2748]

Or you could take small rod and pass it throgh the holes of 2 ring magnets which will have like poles facing to keep the magnet levetated above the other

[@Flyingwigs]

i'd really love to build a repulsive levitation display, or even take it a step further with a levitation track that activates and stabilizes as well as adds motion. that would be quite a build though!

[@priyabratasadhukhan6435]

Place the hall sensor just under the electromagnet. You are placing the sensor long away from the floating magnet. In this configuration the hall sensor cannot detect the slight change in position of the floating magnet from the magnetic field because of inverse square law. The sensor can see significant change in magnetic field only when there is large displacement of the magnet, but in that case the magnet is already at a long distance from the electromagnet which takes time to get it back to its intended position after switching on the electromagnet. This initiates oscillation. I have done it with similar setup and its nicely stable.

[@vijaypawar2176]

Awesome try man ...stay creative