How Does Time Really Work?

Get a great Displate deal at www.displate.com/hotu or my discount code HOTU for 1-2 = 22% OFF/3+ 33% OFF, available for a limited period of time, excl. Limited Editions and Lumino. Discount applied automatically when using link.
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Written by Colin Stuart
Check out his fantastic astronomy newsletter here: colinstuart.substack.com
Edited and Animated by the legendary Manuel Rubio - subscribe at @ArtandContext
Narrated by David Kelly
Thumbnail art by Ettore Mazza: ettore.mazz...
Sound Editing by Craig Stevenson
Whale Art by Joseph Ioseliani
Galaxies, space videos from NASA, ESA and ESO.
Music from Epidemic Sound, Artlist, Silver Maple And Yehezkel Raz.
Stock footage from Videoblocks, Artgrid and Shutterstock.
00:00 Introduction
04:54 How Soon Is Now?
18:08 Where Is Now?
31:16 When Is Now?
43:25 The Illusion of Now
#time

[@HistoryoftheUniverse]

Get a great Displate deal at www.displate.com/hotu or my discount code HOTU for 1-2 = 22% OFF/3+ 33% OFF, available for a limited period of time, excl. Limited Editions and Lumino. Discount applied automatically when using link.

[@AppleReviews]

The now same as zero not exist - just show me zero - yes there is 0.000001 but I will add one zero for endless time so you will never reach zero. The now is... time stop which means not exist.

[@classicalmechanic8914]

Objective now does not exist only in relativity. Theories like Einstein's can sometimes create an illusion of false reality based on unfalsifiable experiments. Because our knowledge is rooted in these false maps of reality, we cannot comprehend the gap between quantum mechanics and relativity.

[@weesno]

I was going to use the discount code but they currently have a spring sale ending in a couple days that is slightly better 😥

[@doubtingthomas9246]

9​@@classicalmechanic8914

[@priyakulkarni9583]

The problem is how speed is measured. It is measurement problem. 186000 miles/second. This per second/minute/hour/days/weeks/years is the problem. Distance we travel, we can see the for example 100 meter dash run, but TIME! Is so subjective ill defined. Until we know what is time, how we define time, we may never know light properties. May AGI will guide us soon 😅

[@nickinskeep]

"human intuition is no yardstick for the way the universe really works" I really wish more people could accept this

[@cosbro5389]

Or better still , consider it

[@johnbrooks6243]

I heard something similar "Universe has no obligation to be comprehensible to our primate brain evolved for hunting and gathering"

[@rulesandregulations7192]

Being human is a possibility to beyond but how many willing to break down the boundaries they built themselves.

[@REDPUMPERNICKEL]

We are embedded in a situation of massive cultural inertia in which obsolete ideas echo down the generations and even though it's been two thousand years since humanity became conscious the majority still find magic to be the more satisfying explanation.

[@Anton-tf9iw]

Human mental-vital intuition that is.

[@Nova2Yung]

Anybody else tuning in to fall asleep? 😅

[@AnaStelea]

Yes, the narrator's soothing voice is exactly what I want to hear before falling asleep. Great quality video. Love it. ❤❤❤

[@johnjones4096]

I listen to this kind of content to fall asleep

[@thesushifiend]

Moi deux….

[@MyUtubeScott]

I started watching/listening several times dut have yet to stay up to the end😮

[@Zemboy01]

Nope this makes me not get sleep if you understand what he's trying to say

[@Book-bz8ns]

What does space taste like? Immediately I get the picture of my dog, head out the window, tongue out, just enjoying being alive while I drive.

[@marknewman2243]

It tastes like chicken. Apparently.

[@MrScoffins]

Dogs are the purest souls and we really don't deserve them 🙏

[@Tom_Quixote]

Disgusting mental image.

[@marknewman2243]

@@MrScoffins Yes. But they don't taste like chicken.

[@ethyl-bromide]

Astronauts have said that for a short time after doing a space walk they can smell the suits and apparently its like burned sparklers.

[@jimc.goodfellas226]

These videos are probably my most highly anticipated of any on KZbin

[@burjalmadre]

cool

[@mementomori29231]

These videos are so high quality, better than professional TV content.

[@artdonovandesign]

I know, right? I wait all month for a new episode- checking for the "alert" bell every morning. Re- watching so many past episodes and then.... At Last! A brand new HoTU. The pure joy of learning.

[@tanjudereli3357]

It sucks, they bored me to death...

[@stefanieberg1569]

Agree.

[@Nebarus]

Now. You're looking at now, sir. Everything that happens now, is happening now. Dark Helmet: What happened to then? Colonel Sandurz: We passed then. Dark Helmet: When? Colonel Sandurz: Just now. We're at now now. Dark Helmet: Go back to then. Colonel Sandurz: When? Dark Helmet: Now. Colonel Sandurz: Now? Dark Helmet: Now. Colonel Sandurz: I can't. Dark Helmet: Why? Colonel Sandurz: We missed it. Dark Helmet: When? Colonel Sandurz: Just now. Dark Helmet: When will then be now? Colonel Sandurz: Soon. Dark Helmet: How soon?

[@RT-qd8yl]

Spaceballs forever 🙌

[@AICJacob]

I immediately thought of this scene when I saw the title!

[@jefferyhonaker1723]

Dammit, beat me to it!

[@jimmurphy6095]

You, kind sir.. Win the Internet for today... 🤣🤣🤣🤣

[@Benji-vr6bx]

😂 I haven't seen the film but even that made me crack up.... Must be a good film.

[@SomeRandomDevOpsGuy]

YES!!! When I see a new upload from this channel, I get so happy. I used to be happy and excited about life when I was studying physics in college. Taught high school physics after that and had so much fun with my classes. Unfortunately, the reality of low teacher pay, new family on the way, and my other option to make more than double if I work with computers, I went back to my tech job. Now I am almost always depressed, feel like there is no hope and nothing to look forward to in life any more. That being said, whenever I see these videos it takes me back to my happy place. Thanks for all the effort you guys put in to put these out. They mean the world to some of us.

[@MF-kr4hf]

Damn that's a sad story! Forget what is now; what more can I say? Money and world order really sucks..

[@judgementhallcollections8168]

Can you teach at a higher level, like at a bustling university, sometimes part time instruction is needed which can pay well enough to fit in some part time teaching. Even offering tutoring can help fill that desire to teach? Even when I did teach there were special needs students that need additional help and can be very exciting to see how you can reach them and help them along. I am fearful that this next generation is really going to be a struggle with the necessary people interaction skills.

[@adriantcullysover4640]

My past self has been waiting for this video. My future self has rewatched it multiple times. "Now" I finally get my hands on it!!

[@gotfriendsmsfs]

I'm left with a question. When you die, your brain neuro pathways fire slower as you become brain dead. So, will our perception of time when we die slow down to an infinite perception on the last neuro event? I think I now believe in an infinite after-life, stuck in time, re-living my brain's last chemical burst of nirvana... forever.

[@KatrinaDancer]

I think Calculus solved Xeno's paradox. I do believe in the other side though because from the time I was a child I've been haunted by the supernatural. In fact it's so commonplace to me I actually call it the supernormal.

[@spaceman081447]

I sincerely hope that you idea is wrong. It would be horrible to experience one's own death . . . forever.

[@tylerhagaman1890]

This man’s videos kept me going for a while, wasn’t getting out much, wasn’t doing well but these videos ground me….now I’m over a year sober and enjoy these videos more than ever! Thank god for the educational KZbin

[@ronjon7942]

Thanks for sharing, brother. I am in the exact same space. We will do this. Have to - I don’t have one more in me. I’ve been consuming these documentaries to keep my mind occupied at the same time as it is healing, both psychologically and especially physically.

[@nboss968]

I'm sober but have lost all faith in people.

[@RiverOfHate21]

Still one of the best channels on you tube . Cosmology , physics , geology , mythology , history , and great storytelling all rolled up in one .

[@buddyhell7100]

It's child level stuff. Very disappointing.

[@RiverOfHate21]

@@buddyhell7100 then why you watchin bro ?

[@TimeTravelMiata]

Agreed!!

[@broodjeworst9701]

You forgot p*rn

[@boyzinthewood1]

As a Welsh person, I'll tell you that now is in a minute. As we all say, "I'll be there now in a minute" 👍

[@inkynebula]

us greeks say that as well! 😂

[@boyzinthewood1]

@@inkynebula 😄👌

[@ObiAdeGaming]

Ahem.... As also a fellow Welshman you forgot the butt/mush/brah off the end 😎🤣

[@quostad]

@@inkynebula In Portuguese we use "agorinha" ("little now") and "agora agora" ("now now") for that 😅

[@ericgraham8150]

I was just watching a new Michael fassbender movie called trespass against us, it seemed like he was playing sort of a blue-collar Welshman character. he kept calling his friends and children mush? I guess that is a term of endearment can one of you explain that to me just a little bit?

[@crankbait1760]

I am so excited to watch this every night for a month straight

[@RT-qd8yl]

Glad I'm not alone

[@jmulnick]

Samesies fam 🙋🏻‍♂️

[@Nova2Yung]

Lmfao literally loading this up now to sleep to

[@mw-st3qm]

the "universe should not exist" one is the GOAT but i am rly looking forward to this one as well

[@James-ll3jb]

Lol. Go have a doobie😅

[@Condorman1]

Holy crap. You took something I thought was obvious and explored phenomena that I had never considered. You did a great job. Thanks.

[@rezadaneshi]

Almost all at once when you think about it, but one frame at a time when documenting it.

[@Specialeffecks]

The section towards the end would be even better to include how the "Brain makes decisions before you even know it" - published in Nature on April 11, 2008. Brain activity predicts decisions up to 10 seconds before they are consciously made! This directly impacts our sense of having free will - actions that we take are set in our brain - and can be predicted by instruments - before we are aware we “decide” to take that action.

[@yushaltdie2920]

new sleep video dropped

[@akutuominen5062]

I thought I was the only one

[@backyardpb]

@@akutuominen5062 not alone

[@nboss968]

Have you guys seen Sam Sulek?

[@andrewfredrick5238]

Sleep video??? Nah you’re buggin’ I’m awake for any video on this channel lol

[@stealthymass9392]

This is so true, I want to watch it but it honestly just puts me to sleep

[@bigdoggo5827]

I had the itch to watch a new history of the universe banger and saw a new video uploaded a minute ago, awesome, thanks for the bangers

[@JustMe-ne5dw]

Best practical explanation of a light cone I’ve heard so far. Really helped me better grasp concept

[@mitchbrook4112]

so well written and put together, massive props to your channels theyre all so awe inspiring

[@TheDavidlloydjones]

"as it seems to you or I"??? Precise -- but different and incorrect -- ages of the Universe. A fine meal spoiled by the little bits of dog shit on the plate. Somebody did some excellent work on the graphics. It's a pity for them to see their good work ruined by this pretentious gaseous verbiage.

[@arwenbarrett2642]

Found this channel only a few weeks ago. Super stoked for my first release.

[@Adiesel79]

That was amazing. NOW I'm going to watch this episode over and over, like all of the others.

[@mattc825]

Ooooh a new video on this channel. Can’t WAIT to listen!

[@indranikarmakar1175]

True fans in attendance ❤

[@TheFos88]

​@@k7crusaderwtf

[@WhatYouGoingToDo]

Correct

[@andrewg7576]

Gate keepers unite! Phuque wads....

[@JohnnyNiteTrain]

Hoody-hooooo 🎉🎉

[@JohnnyNiteTrain]

@@k7crusaderyou can't even spell anal? You must not love it that much

[@Ultra-Luminary]

Recently, I've had dreams with Cosmic Whales... And some time ago I did a drawing called : "The Nano Second Before The Awakening"...

[@ObiAdeGaming]

HOLY SHEET WHERES MY WEED? Here we go 😎

[@BalthazarMaignan]

Don't smoke 💀

[@nickinskeep]

​@@BalthazarMaignan loading one up just for you brother

[@Zastrutzki]

Here's one for the algorithm. Thanks for blowing my mind on a regular basis!

[@Caelia7]

Your videos are amazing. One of my very favourite you tubers. Thank you so much for opening my mind. 😊

[@redbus36]

This video is living proof that the quality of the best youtube videos now far outclasses anything to be found on regular TV channels, which have become even more dire in recent years than before.

[@banaanuitdeboom4784]

New History of the Universe? I pack a bowl and click.

[@glidershower]

Saaaameeeee

[@PurnamadaPurnamidam]

Some argue that “now” is the only time that truly exists, as the past is gone and the future is not yet here. Others suggest that time is an illusion, and everything is happening simultaneously, with our brains processing events as if they were occurring in a continuous sequence2.

[@kuyab9122]

One doesn't need to argue as you can conceptualize time in different phenomena. One would be "Clock Time". Another would be "Psychological Time." Add if necessary.

[@RealDonfromBroward]

All simultaneously, in my opinion. Everything that was and will be is all happening at once on the same plane. Our limited human brain sequences the movement of the universe in what we consider "chronological order" but from the beginning to the end is all one....imo

[@ASMCourtney]

​@@RealDonfromBroward It is weird the dilation of time that happens around consciousness or observation, there is nothing else, for 14. Something billion years and then the superposition of all the states of every piece of matter collapses with an observer. Just absolutely screeches to a halt so we can all have a snail race of consciousness trying to use the stream of absolutely bonkers information to output something useful to continue existing in what it sees as a valid state of now. When every one of us dies our lightcone of possible positions stretches out into infinity, instantly taking the memory of its position as a human of earth into the end of time.

[@rayoflight62]

A Phylosopher's Take on Time. Entities like lenght, weight, voltage, current, frequency - can be measured with a specific instrument. Curiously, there is no instrument which can measure Time. A clock is an is oscillator, and the display shows how many oscillations have elapsed; we call this "a measure of time". For us, Time is the dissipation of energy, and we call this "The Arrow of Time". Our mind perceive Time as "Passage of Time", a flow permeating the Universe in a relativistic fashion. One day we will discover what Time truly is. There is something else that is flowing in the Universe, that we perceive as the flow of Time instead... Greetings, Anthony

[@dmor6696]

Excellent writting and delivery I stay in awe imagining each little analogy, metaphor and fantasies you people create Thank you

[@ryantodd7456]

I been waiting for this!!! I can now put this on in the background while I fall off to sleep

[@odysseus8944]

If now never ends, it's infinitely long, if now ends, it's like if never happened at all, in both cases it's not measurable

[@boyzinthewood1]

Everything that ends can be measured

[@odysseus8944]

​​​​​​@@boyzinthewood1 Then from that point of view, now is the units of time measured from the beginning till the end, what I meant to say is that if now had no observers, it would be like if there isn't now and it never was

[@boyzinthewood1]

@@odysseus8944 fair enough, that does make sense 👍

[@iunnox666]

It's always now. There is no time that ever existed that wasn't.

[@boyzinthewood1]

@iunnox666 I'm sorry but nope! Not at all. Although every point in time was once "now" it immediately becomes past tense and can literally no longer be classed as now. You've described a contradiction.

[@Benji-vr6bx]

Been waiting ages!! Worth the wait though thanks for all you do.

[@spicrown]

I dont look at it as as complicated as it might be. Time is just a measurement to see how many “time passed” or will take to get something Thats it. The “now” is just the “material world” we live in, its the existence. Its the same way when if time pauses and come back years later, everything will stay the same, the universe is nice.

[@sylance777]

"Even KZbin videos is still surging towards them at 300,000 km per second". My first thought was this is a cool thought, but then I realized we're also transmitting TikTok videos to the cosmos at the same rate. We're doomed.

[@TimeTravelMiata]

😂

[@muffinman8744]

I love you guys.I will probably listen to this at least sixty times before you post a new one.

[@Penny-16]

Your 3 channels are some of my favourites. I always watch them more than once. Just fantastic. Idea for a 4th channel: The Entire History of Civilisation. I’d love your take on it. Or will it be part of your humankind vids. (Will and Ariel Durants series ‘ The Story of Civilisation’ are my favourite books.)

[@Wildoutness]

<a href="#" class="seekto" data-time="2426">40:26</a> every time you do a pause like this I have to check and see if the video is over. You got me every time.

[@Jack-iu7pw]

Uploaded right before bed time. Thank you, History of the Universe, tonight will be a great sleep.

[@DrDeuteron]

<a href="#" class="seekto" data-time="1613">26:53</a> Never say "move through space", as it implies you can (it doesn't mean anything, nada, zip, nothing) there is no absolute rest frame and your are never moving relative to or through space. This is a great way to trip up students of special realtivity.

[@fieryeyez6607]

That's very odd. I've always considered one of your points to be absolutely true. There is no "absolute rest frame", I say it differently though "nothing is ever sitting still". I think i like you're way best. Thanks. Your other point seems contradictory though since everything is always moving I belive there is only "moving through space" always and for ever. 😂😅😉

[@phukfone8428]

You don't get invited to a lot of parties, do you?

[@ronjon7942]

I understand stand your point that movement is relative to some fixed point, but if you’re moving really, really fast, faster than most other points of reference, don’t you accomplish this by ‘moving through space?’

[@fieryeyez6607]

@ronjon7942 Hi Ron :) To your question I say Yes. Keeping on mind that no point is fixed (everything is in constant motion), we move through space relative to some other moving point/s not a fixed or stationary point since there is no such thing as a fixed or stationary point. 😃

[@Peter-ve6gz]

I have always thought our whole Universe and timeline has already happened in a sort of way, if you were a observer outside the universe, the whole thing would fizzle/explode in and out of existence in a fleeting microsecond but because we are inside the universe's mass and gravity well we experience the "fizzle/explosion" as time and happens reaaally slowly.

[@ETR_Unicorn]

This is one of the few channels I regularly check for new content. My absoloute favourite thing on KZbin. And this episode is a mind bender. Thank you, History of the Universe.❤

[@KurtQuad]

I absolutely love the history of the universe and earth you’ve done. Fantastic content as always.

[@ijustwanttolikecomments4677]

have you checked out their History of Humankind channel? it's fairly new..

[@TimeTravelMiata]

Agreed!

[@Josh-gz7dq]

I've been waiting for this

[@ricardodeleon5065]

I was looking for one of your videos. But I forgot the name of your channel. Must be the destiny I found this video. Your vidoes help me fall a sleep. Thank you for your videos.

[@winterx2348]

<a href="#" class="seekto" data-time="2797">46:37</a> interesting. i have a background in animation and immediately picked up on the lag, as it's something i've been trained to compensate for. in this situation I would fix it by making the flash happen a fraction of a second before the red square reached the center position. i saw the illusion but still interpreted it correctly based on past experiences, like a baseball player swinging at a ball. i wonder what other illusions we can train ourselves to interpret differently than how our eyes/brain sees them.

[@nickolaiemde9576]

I was looking for a comment like this but it’s not as common as I thought it would be. Except I have a background playing sports at a high level, and on top of that did you see it a little behind or perfectly in line with red cube?

[@winterx2348]

@@nickolaiemde9576 @nickolaiemde9576 I cant say for 100% sure what I actually saw in the moment because the brain likes to fill in our memories with "corrected" versions of events for stuff like this, but I remember seeing it perfectly in line for 1 frame and then slightly behind in the next frame, just enough for me to tell that both squares weren't moving in sync, before it disappeared. I have no idea how many frames the flash was actually on screen, though, and the second frame could have just been my brain lagging to process information and making an afterimage. What did you see?

[@regularly_priced]

This makes me wonder how differently aliens would perceive time and how greatly that would interfere with our communication with them. Because most of our methods of communication rely on our perception of time

[@richardfurness7556]

That's the plot of the movie Arrival. Well worth a watch if you like that kind of thing.

[@fieryeyez6607]

Some angels once left their dimension to enter ours, they had no problem dealing with our 3 dimensional worlds 4th dimension. They came to mate with the women of our dimension and did so. IDK If you will consider the forthcoming children aliens or not but they had no issue with time either. This information comes from the book of Genesis with a few refraneses in other books of the Bible. As for space aliens originating from within our own dimension I have 0 credible information to offer you my friend 😢 As for those particular aliens mentioned above they are locked away for now but the children they produced appear to have become what today are known as Demons and very likely present themselves as space aliens among other cleaver cons they do so love to run on us humans. Be careful dealing with any claims of space aliens, They not all as friendly as they may claim to be. 😮

[@nancyhope2205]

Another awesome and enlightening video! Thank you !

[@TWPO]

Your videos are my favorite thing on KZbin. Absolute excellence.

[@allthegs]

Seems like the longest time waiting for this new episode to come out but while watching it time flies by 😀

[@Keithlfpieterse]

THANK YOU! Your items ALWAS provide "food for thought" in a world in which the mass media offers us ever-shrinking portions of INFORMATION and mental stimulation simply because it is geared towards "dumbing us down!" Look forward to your next project/item. Keep Well!!

[@prasadmore7598]

This Channel is amazing!!! Thanks a million!

[@diomedesabcmnxyz7299]

~ The concept of the 'Now' is the perception of a fourth Space-Time dimension. The first three, are Past, Present, & Future. The 'Now' is essentially the 'observer', who witnesses the other three time dimensions. As in Who are you Now & Now who are you? ~ Thus, Space-Time dimensions = Past, Present, Future, Now. ~ It is totally natural thru the fact that we have four fingers that obviously show that we have evolved this ability thru constant environmental interaction, such as thru self awareness, & survival tactics. Which is even further exemplified by all four fingers grasply summed, into all four space-time evolution experiences, by the one big supporting thumb.

[@LV_223]

What in the fuck did I just read

[@ronjon7942]

@@LV_223yes.

[@Montycarlo10]

I mean you could say time is a string set in straight line and it’s already predetermined there’s a start and there’s a finish , but the beautiful thing with life is there’s events that don’t really affect the time line itself but many different possibilities take place which is the ever changing shift of life so you go up or down but regardless you’re always moving forward. Something like ripples in a pond and they spread out producing different reactions

[@mikesmith1290]

There’s not a channel out there that brings me this level of excitement when a new video comes out!

[@williammarkle3299]

explore more! many many channels will make you think. Some can even teach.

[@binbots]

General relativity and quantum mechanics will never be combined until we realize that they take place at different moments in time. Because causality has a speed limit (c) every point in space where you observe it from will be the closest to the present moment. When we look out into the universe, we see the past which is made of particles (GR). When we try to look at smaller and smaller sizes and distances, we are actually looking closer and closer to the present moment (QM). The wave property of particles appears when we start looking into the future of that particle. It is a probability wave because the future is probabilistic. Wave function collapse is what we perceive as the present moment and is what divides the past from the future. GR is making measurements in the observed past and therefore, predictable. QM is attempting to make measurements of the unobserved future and therefore, unpredictable.

[@paulmichaelfreedman8334]

Good one. I had figured QM and GR cannot be ocmbined because QM is quantum and gravity is not. Gravity is generated/ Spacetime is curved as a resolutionless spline between quantum units of mass. I also do not believe a theory of QG will ever be formulated.

[@TheDjcarlos67]

Some very interesting points you made there

[@paulmichaelfreedman8334]

Additionally, the random nature of quantum fluctuations is what gives us biological organisms our capacity for making choices, or the illusion of free will. Maybe it's better to say that the randomness prevents us in any case from predicting an accurate future. It hides our inescapable fate in a forest of fates.

[@bowenheinrich]

bro you comment this on every video

[@binbots]

@@bowenheinrich lol yup. And I won’t stop until someone can explain to me why it’s wrong.

[@lizkrulderkumar6652]

What fascinates me is how different species perceive time. As humans, we develop the ability to remember past moments through our verbal language (this is why you have a hard time remembering things before you learned to talk). I’m curious if different animals have a way of “reminiscing” or if they are perpetually in the “now” Their abilities to “remember” past experiences can be explained with out the need for a stored memory, so it is possible that they have no concept of time at all.

[@YogiMcCaw]

This is different from the other HOTU vids, which typically contain a lot of history of cosmology and talk about the issues current in the field. HOTU has been so thorough, and covered so much of current cosmology, that I wondered what you could do next without rehashing old themes again. But you did it. I am continually impressed, and never bored, with this channel.

[@justsmashing4628]

I feel guilty watching these amazing videos for Free…

[@cabanford]

I would pay to have them all available add-free.

[@cabanford]

(this is the only KZbin channel that clears that bar)

[@TheGroundedCoffee]

KZbin premium is a thing.... ​@@cabanford

[@ToyaF82]

I pay for yt premium...no ads

[@gamedayelectronics1590]

@cabanford do you know melodysheep? That channel definitely passes the bar for me too

[@JustMe-ne5dw]

Jumped on 19 seconds into “now.”

[@FluidMotionEnergy]

That is the measurement of a now

[@TSeries502]

There is either just one particle in the universe that can become anything or every particle is connecting each other and every single one of them knows where the other is and what its doing instantly

[@fieryeyez6607]

Thanks for entertaining thought provoking video. @ 24 minute mark you're wrapping up the either - photon experiment. Two questions for ya on that.... 1. In all of these years since, has no one noticed or mentioned that every single piece of equipment used is moving at the same speed in the same direction through the same medium regardless of what that medium was allegedly made of? I explain; it is not the case that only one target moved and therefore one photon traveled farther (through more either even if there was an either). Both photos traveled exactly the same distance in exactly the same time. Conclusion: with or without any either, (as well as with or without any constancy of light speed i might add) the result is exactly as should be expected. Everyone is obviously aware that whatever time was lost chasing that target that's moving away from the mirror is recovered on the return trip to the mirror witch is now racing tward the photon as it returns, aren't they, it's not obvious? Simplified.. if all involved equipment (including the photons) is/are moving in the same direction and speed it's exactly the same as the entire experiment being done sitting still. Just like the boy bouncing a ball while riding in a train, he doesn't need to run 60 miles an hour to catch up to the ball in order to hit it each time because evening (including himself) is equally affected under equal forces. ( a closed or controlled environment where ALL relevant "factors?"are under the same influences) 2. Right? Take the previous example, have the sailor hit 2 balls at the same time, bounce each ball off of (oh i dint know let's say) 5 targets all at equal distance and in the same directions. 😂 both balls still hit the ocean at the same time regardless of weather there is any either or constancy law governing the movement of golf balls present. Please don't just tell me I'm wrong. I really need to know where I'm wrong, I'd love to hear why and be able to agree with brilliant minds who obviously are buying into this very old conclusion. It's frustrating to see things in this field as simply obviously misguided conclusions. So please help if you understand my position but disagree because, I'm fairly convinced of my observations and the conclusions I've drawn.

[@marcosdenizatrailhiker2037]

Ok, so this is what Morrissey was so stressed out about…

[@michawojtal3974]

Your videos are always gorgeous, well written and perfectly narrated. Thank You for making my evening!

[@Pfhorrest]

Consider if there were not only a linear series of states of the universe, past through present to future, but all possible states of the universe were equally real. Any given state might possibly contain within it an image or record of another state, like a literal human memory, or fossil evidence, or anything else like that. A state that contains a record of another state is necessarily higher in entropy than the state it contains a record of. So as we look further and further back in the records contained within any state we happen to find ourselves in, we will see that they get lower and lower in entropy, and thus we will perceive that the universe becomes more and more entropic over time. But there is no mystery about how it got to a low-entropy state to begin with, because all possible states exist, and the lowest-entropy state is just where you wind up if you follow from any given state backward through states that it contains records of.

[@SandipChitale]

If the universe is same 13.8 (approx) billion years old from every point in the universe, then there is a hyper-surface of events that are 13.8 (approx) billion years aware from the reference point (the Big bang). Then by definition that is the global now. And that is what I understand to mean by the work now. There is also perception now at a given event in spacetime that is defined by the surface of the past light cone for signals travelling at the speed to light, or the body of the light cone for signals travelling less than the speed of light. Heck, scientists even say things like - we do not know what is happening on the Sun right "NOW", but only know in 8 minutes. Then what is that NOW in that sentence? In other words, when we talk about "now" like in this video we should be clear which "now" we are talking about. IMO intuitively the lay people understand the meaning on "now" to mean the global now I talked about above. So for the perception now should use a different word or compound word and then proceed to say, "Sorry, there is no (perceptive now)!"

[@velkoto1]

Another great video by arguably one of the best educational channels on KZbin!

[@donnyjepp]

Arguably? Care to elaborate 😂😜😉

[@bjrn-oskarrnning2740]

​@@donnyjeppI mean, there's History of the Earth and History of Mankind, both solid contenders!

[@SamGiles]

I'm so immensely grateful for this channel! Thank you, sincerely!

[@Loroths]

Although much of this I knew, I learnt quite a bit. I finally understand why, in that moment I look at a second hand on a clock or digital number of a second, that second seems tangibly longer compared to the consecutive seconds when I continually look at the clock. I thought it was just my weirdness.

[@axle.student]

Thank you. Very well made video :) . <a href="#" class="seekto" data-time="2815">46:55</a> I find it interesting that I don't see the lag. It appears directly below the red. I am trained to understand this so maybe my brain re-compensates from my education and training. > Second stairs set works as expected :)

[@softbytesunlimited]

Always a great content on every episode 👏👏👏

[@scottydu81]

This is why I get flustered in my head when people ask me what time it is. In my head, I’m saying “well, it USED to be <a href="#" class="seekto" data-time="825">13:45</a>:32;05 but now it isn’t anymore. I can check again for an update though”

[@schornou7007]

You can`t give an answer withouth looking at your Watch therefore the Question "what time it is" already asks for a future time which is the time they hear your answer and because time went on after you looked at your watch and comunicated it, it is in the past. So they ask for a future time which is in the past as soon as you tell them the time, i can see why this makes you flustered. The solution is to allways round up since no one asks about seconds anyway.

[@user-ly7bt6je1r]

I wish all your other video animations were like this. Great Job Mr Manuel

[@MasterBlaster3545]

I like the way when a train stops, if you are looking at the track through the window, your brain makes it seem like the train is still moving.

[@zagstheklown187]

Awesome new vid time !!!!! Love your work.

[@BoyKhongklai]

There it is. I was eagerly waiting and I've postponed my shower session to watch this 😂

[@sammysam2615]

The beauty of Now is that it happens all the time, to everyone, everywhere. Now is truly all we have. Yesterday is gone and tomorrow isn't guaranteed. But right now, every now is equally as important as that last. I absolutely love it.

[@iunnox666]

Yesterday is something we all take on faith.

[@0ptimal]

Love the topic. One that i come back to often. Great video.

[@themarksmith]

Probably the best science channel on KZbin... Excellent!

[@rfvtgbzhn]

<a href="#" class="seekto" data-time="123">2:03</a> from what I know pigeons only see in 2D as the fields of vision of their eyes don't overlap. The reason that they flee in the last second is that because of this they don't notice the imminent collision earlier. And you do often see dead pigeons on the road, so they do get run over. However this is usually not on city streets, as in the city cats are slow enough that pigeons can escape even if they react only if the car is at a close distance to them.

[@jonathanh222]

Not 2D. That would make it impossible to traverse space. Their eyes position means they observe non-intersecting cones of vision, but their vision is good. What you mean is how they achieve depth perception, which is just different from how we do it. You can google this for a more in depth explanation. No creature sees in frames either. This perpetuates the myth that humans can only observe up ta certain amount of frames per second, which is just bollox. I'm flabbergasted that a channel of this quality would be so incorrect

[@rfvtgbzhn]

@@jonathanh222 from what I know the cells in the human eye has some kind of refresh rate (this is why you see flicker on CRTs with low refresh rates and wheels sometimes seem to rotate in the opposite direction). However the rate is not the same for everyone and the human brain usually combines a few of these "frames". Thus can explain some optical illusions and also it was shown that if you replace a single frame in movie with a different image, it isn't noticed consciously (but I think there is a controvery if it can have sublimal effects, like more people buying coke if you replace a frame with a picture of a coke in a movie at a theatre). So for short: the human eye has a refresh rate, but the brain doesn't process visual information frame by frame.

[@jonathanh222]

@@fabio.1 That is question of your brains ability to process images lasting for just milliseconds, but you can easily tell the difference when a monitor delivers say 100, 200, 300 etc frames per second. You will be able to tell the difference. At what point you lose the ability to process / remember any one frame among these is up for debate. Point being, eyes themselves are not limited to fps, that concept is only applicable to measure how fast monitors are, not how we perceive the world.

[@fabio.1]

@@jonathanh222 👍

[@MassimoBarozzi-xq5em]

Just fantastic, like all the episodes on the channel. Please keep on existing!

[@McPilch]

To everyone here, I implore you with all my heart to check out RUSH's song, "The Garden." "The future disappears into memory, with only a moment between. Forever dwells in that moment. Hope is what remains to be seen."

[@awillingham]

I love rush but have never heard that one, what a great song.

[@Ultra-Luminary]

Thanks! I am doing that now🙏

[@2msvalkyrie529]

Wow ! Such profundity ! Basically ; word salad . A series of words which , when analysed , actually turn out to be meaningless drivel. Similar to Alan Watts Buddhist shtick ?!

[@Midatlanticriverrat]

OMG.... OMG!!!! I am hyper ventilating!!!!!!! its here its here!!!!! (quickly goes to get a beverage, turn down the lights, and prepare the viewing area for whats sure to be a transcendental view)

[@mm-yt8sf]

time goes slowly when not having fun....and yet after years of not having fun, when looking back it seems like years were nothing. so time also changes depending on the angle i'm looking at it 😕

[@markcromer4069]

If the reality of now doesn't exist, then all we have is our perception of now. Furthermore, I would argue that "now" is a small window of time comprised of the near past moving into the near future. "When are you going to the store?" ... "I'm leaving now" (in ten seconds). Now is an experiential concept.

[@metasamsara]

the tickrate at which we perceive "time" is really a frequency generated by the brain and we can influence that with cognition, this is exactly what derealization and adhd do: they affect how fast we perceive time. This tickrate also varies based on each species and offers a broad range of variation for natural selection to take over more efficiently as a species. It is the eternal great cycles of Samsara, entropy oscillating back and forth on multiple wavelengths simultaneously. Our experience of life going from order to chaos is really biased by our existence at only one side of the larger oscillations of reality. In fact reality is absolutely relative. Time is an illusion, entropy is a fractal of cause and effect, tied together on each end by causality. It is merely another dimension we experience, while riding an energy that oscillates across this spectrum.

[@playgroundchooser]

Well, I didn't think that I was going to have an existential crisis today; but, here we are! 😂😅

[@gerryhouska2859]

The example with a mirror reminded me of de Selby's proposition of an infinite number of facing mirrors that lets you see yourself as a newborn.

[@peterdennis6106]

My favourite philosopher

[@ethanclairville6434]

I'm so excited... I almost wanted to leave work early for this.

[@abbygirl1972]

I was just pondering the when and where of now - and here is a video from my fave creator!

[@mikey5913]

This one was awesome! Like all the rest from this channel.

[@cwebb7178]

Finally. 😂 Appreciate your work. Just wish there could be more. Felt like such a long wait!

[@stevendavis8636]

now, wait a minute. Now! lol

[@bjrn-oskarrnning2740]

Awesome video, as always! But I noticed something: in the animation of the Mickelson Interferometer at <a href="#" class="seekto" data-time="1373">22:53</a>, isn't the beam splitter mirror rotated 90°? A quick image search suggests so and it makes sense to me, but I could, of course, be mistaken.

[@iamjimgroth]

After a minute of this i know i will not be watching this tired. I want to absorb every minute of it with a clear mind! 😃

[@andyenstrom4591]

That's amazing way of explaining "now" using a pigeon in that way .

[@adamkallin5160]

- What is now? - The current moment. - This one? - No, this one. - This one? - No, this one. Repeat ∞

[@stephaneclerc667]

A masterpiece, as usual. Thanks for that unique quality! But I do have a question : Did you change the microphone or something? Or did you had a cold or something that could alter your such beautiful voice?