How Does Wi-Fi Work? | Earth Science

Greg Foot explains how Wi-Fi actually works, how similar it is to The Force and why it can't turn you into The Incredible Hulk!
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[@G-Dimension]

I am watching this in middle of the field. So it made me smile when he said this

[@cricket6009]

Haha read your comment before I watched the video and thought it was a bit odd - which made me smile when he said it. Not to say I don’t watch random videos at random places and inappropriate times. I love and hate The internet for the way it’s changed our lives. Keep watching brother x

[@simranchoudhary1295]

Wow

[@cat1800]

@@HarshRaj10.11 maybe he was just chilling in the field duh

[@KJULIENN1]

@@cricket6009 😭😭🤣same

[@skellious]

"Wifi is carrying a set of instructions to tell your computer what to do to each pixel on your screen"... come on guys, that's not what happens at all. that's a gross oversimplification and implies all processing is done remotely and that wifi can only be used for internet browsing. Why not explain TCP/IP first?

[@skellious]

Frank U. Now THIS is the sort of information I want from a video :D I notice you have a channel. maybe you could make some?

[@FranklyTheSeeker1982]

Skellious yes, I have a channel, but I don't have a proper camera and only record videos over the various DirectX9+ APIs (Nvidia ShadowPlay, previously Xfire) and process them. Besides, I'm quite bad at presenting for NeuroSocial-reasons. But I've expanded my post a bit. Also - since I'm i.a. SystemEngineer for Networks - I wrote a textbook during my studies/advanced training, of which I want to publish it's Table of Contents and some example-Chapters in Dropbox. I simply haven't yet time to do so (severe illness + was - and still am - in the process of moving to a new apartment (within germany)). Nowadays I'm more interested in holistic health (physical+mental; PersonalTraining, SportsMedicine, Psychosomatics, Medical Training (rehab/injuries/orthopedic reasons), Active Rest (for me Medical QiGong) and Language as translation (English at native levels, japanese, standard Chinese/Mandarine, and maybe Spainish).

[@thanksfernuthin]

I hoped for a more informative video on it's communication protocol... handshakes... data... etc. Seeing it broken down visually would have been good. This was OK though. Nothing to complain about. For more information do a search.

[@TiagoSeiler]

Yeah, stopped watching right there, that's bullshit. You want to make a video purporting to explain how something work, don't spew out a ton of crap.

[@evertchin]

agreed, those are not instructions, wifi signal doesn't instructs the computer what to do (and certainly not only affect what you see on the screen). the wifi signal mainly consists of 2 parts, the protocols headers and the data. the computer & the corresponding hardware process the signal according to the protocols and the computer decides what to do with the data. if you want to explain it in layman terms, it is simply the envelop(s) and letters. does your letters instruct you what to do or you decide what to do after you read the letter?

[@kara88bg]

Not to confuse terminology, Wi-Fi is a name of a standard of WLAN networks that follow IEEE 802.11 standard. What you have explained is how Wireless Local Area Network works in general, and Wi-Fi is a WLAN network between Wi-Fi certificated devices by certain standards.

[@sotarnue]

I’m here to learn how to make my own WiFi. My mom didn’t pay the cable bill this month

[@sabyasachimitra9644]

Then there is no hope of browsing the internet bro

[@sotarnue]

Sabyasachi Mitra LMFAOOOOOOO

[@jayhart8847]

U have the internet, shut up.

[@gokwhozz9770]

😂

[@mkmllrc]

@@sotarnue so you made your own wifi now cause you can reply

[@chaquator]

"controls the pixels on your screen" Yeah good one

[@TheBluMeeny]

Laughed especially at that one too.

[@rillloudmother]

for real

[@FrozenHaxor]

chaquator Layman video

[@TheBluMeeny]

chaquator That extent then is a VERRRYYYY far stretch. I would like to see them make a video detailing from start to finish how the wifi data received turns into those "pixels on your screen". It's going to be a pretty lengthy video.

[@TheBluMeeny]

chaquator Yeah, exactly. They could have gone over at LEAST the basics. But they just went from point a to point b, IN A MAZE, without explaining the directions.

[@CookingWithCows]

the representation of the visual wifi signal is wrong though. You wouldn't be able to see the pulses move through the air. Just like light, you would see objects that reflect them into your eye, unless you look directly into the wave source, in which case many of the "wifi rays" hit your eyes directly, much like looking into a light bulb. In a sense, seeing wifi would look very much as if you are looking at a street with old school street lamps on (that emit light in all directions instead of a beam downwards). Only instead of light bulbs, you have wifi routers :P Okay, maybe more like light shining through windows into a dark street, with walls that are made of paper so a bit of light still passes through

[@gownerjones2]

Exactly because Wifi and light are in fact the same thing (EMR), just with different wavelengths.

[@marcpurkiss3233]

please stop calling the waves wifi- wifi is just the name of the connection type, the waves are in the RF band, specifically the 2.4Ghz is in the UHF band, and the 5Ghz is in the SHF band, and they don't radiate in every direction like a bulb, they radiate only when the electron movement is visible as perpendicular to the angle of the observer, it should also be noted that light doesn't just go in a straight line- it refracts and defracts too, and as the RF band is significantly lower frequency these effects are much more pronounced

[@exafrost]

Marc Purkiss I know too many people, who have mentioned in conversation, on going problems with the wifi connection to their router disconnecting or taking too long and timing out... and of course the ever-popular complaint, of not being able to connect at all, in certain areas or rooms... I get them to show me where the router is located, and typically it will be sitting behindva monitor, on a desk against the outside-wall of a room, on the 2nd floor (or basement). Sometimes against the outside wall which faces the street, and they cant figure out why access in their backyard is poor. First thing I tell them, (if the modem and router are seperate devices, leave the modem where it is, but relocate the wifi router to the main floor, as close to the center of the house...on top of a cabinet for example.. and if possible, in line of sight to doorways.. of course now a Cat 6 cable will have to be run from the modem to the router, which I offer to do... but most of the time they don't like the idea of running lan cable through walls, because "oh that will make such a mess, and I hate seeing wires... and there will be a hole in the wall..."... I assure them no wires will be hanging out of the walls, and the drywall dust will be vacuumed up..and 'what hole? There will be a wall plate with an RJ45 jack behind where the router would be... and if they still don't want to do it, I tell them to get used to it and stop complaining...

[@joejoe4games]

***** plus it wouldn't blink/pulse like sound waves but rather be of constant color AND brightness since WiFi uses PM to transmit information

[@michaelhouston1238]

This video was a well explained educational breakdown for me. I appreciated it

[@frogambassador]

Looks like James May might be full time on this channel soon.

[@Nilguiri]

Maybe he'll bring Clarkson with him to liven things up a bit.

[@Nilguiri]

***** Suspended from the BBC, right?

[@mannosan]

Nilguiri nah, he's suspended from everything in the universe as we know it

[@Nilguiri]

mannosan haha, aye.

[@mannosan]

I had to do it :D

[@mrcool1st949]

Thank you very much, I always wanted to know what WiFi is and how it works. Could you please make a video that explains how the router creates WiFi and how data works, like how does the router know the monthly WiFi it gives and how security works in the router that connects through data

[@nathanschumacher3772]

I am watching this in the middle of a field.

[@ThexBorg]

WiFi: Invented by the CSIRO in Australia

[@saris42]

The speed at which EMR travels has NOTHING to do with the speed at which we can transmit data over wifi..... I HATE when people who are trying to educate people, simplify a concept so much that it becomes at it's core Wrong.... PLEASE fix this video to more accurately represent HOW wifi works, OR take it down.

[@Neueregel]

*A great new and informative video for a change !*

[@Zunty]

Great video as always, thanks for explaining this :)

[@GregFoot]

Cheers!

[@georgiavanwyk2319]

smile

[@michael_zhou]

If we could see it, wouldn't it just be flashes, like blinking lights? Not visible spheres?

[@unvergebeneid]

Q: How does Wi-Fi work? A: It doesn't.

[@waleedmughal786]

haha

[@IndusaraJ]

simple but worthy

[@NiklasAdv]

ive been thinking that to, its blooooody awesome how far we have come if you think about it!

[@playstore-er1pj]

thank u very helpful

[@BRHD413]

Jolly good video, chaps!

[@foxmod6386]

Great Video!!!

[@Interesting.For.Everyone]

This does not explain how WiFi works.

[@soraminguyen9369]

its what wifi IS

[@FruititiousFruit]

@@soraminguyen9369 the title sais how does wifi work dude

[@jayhart8847]

He quickly mentions emr and then pisses off to the next subject. Worst explanation ever.

[@redeye118]

Yeah I feel he just explained the EMS and what part of it WiFi uses

[@Greyz174]

binary data is represented in the electromagnetic wave medium instead of how it is on your computer, then other computers (routers or the client computer) can read the binary data and now they have the binary data that was meant to be transferred from one computer to another what's not to understand

[@ShrirajHegde]

2:16 Wi-Fi signals bounce off each other 😂

[@orgminyak]

1:16 why does X-ray look longer than visible light? Not in scale?

[@gownerjones2]

There are measurements right above each wave...

[@SimonVelazquez]

Yeah, I noticed that too. The measurements are correct, but the scale is not.

[@skotiskiller]

Simon V OBVIOUSLY! You cannot see things of 700 nanometers.

[@skotiskiller]

Xrays have smaller legth but their frequence as a number is higher.

[@Dexduzdiz]

quality video there fella, cheers!

[@vaishviksatyam]

amazing !!!! thanks buddy

[@johnbehneman1546]

Thank you so much

[@AlexandrBorschchev]

I always thought physics was counter intuitive because it did not make sense to me, but the more I gained knowledge about physics in general the more it slowly started to make any logical sense

[@biranfalk-dotan2448]

Heat doesn't need to travel through air either, because it travels through infrared waves, which are electromagnetic radiation.

[@Mugetsuism]

***** "Heat" is just the vibrations of particles. Infrared heats things up because it's easily absorbed, causing the particles in that object (i.e our skin out in the day) to heat up. But infrared waves themselves aren't really "heat" i guess. If we're talking about heat travelling from one object to another, like convection/conduction, then you do need air the the vibrations to be passed along to adjacent particles, like sound.

[@Mugetsuism]

***** I just explained it lol. Infrared rays are em waves and they can travel through space. They are absorbed by stuff here causing it to heat up. But I don't know if infrared would be classed as heat..It's like how a microwave heats things up, but if you open it, it's not hot inside unlike an oven.

[@archimago112]

***** You're right, heat is neither a wave nor anything else, it's just the movement of the particles, and this can be moved regardless of where it is

[@PINGPONGROCKSBRAH]

I don't care about what frequency is or that it can't go through walls. I already know that stuff. What I came here hoping to learn is how that signal is turned into radio waves and then turned back into information.

[@YodaOnDMT]

1:33 - *METRES... Unless you're measuring it by stacking measuring devices, in which case, which ones did you use? Voltmeter? Ammeter? Gas meter?

[@KevinGeneFeldman]

Can someone tell me what mechanical function actually sends these signals and how thats done?

[@tman7022]

thank you!

[@chenhayoun4072]

Hello, here after 6 years, and I’m watching your video from my field, a bit of slow connection I have here but good content man!

[@datasamm]

Would WiFi work as a military application, in a broken building searching for enemies. The WiFi could perhaps calculate on and off bounces of moving objects and give you their location?

[@kk-op8qr]

I may sound silly, but, I would like to know if wifi transfer require Internet/ data usage . For example, while mirroring phone display on the screen?

[@EqualsThreeable]

How does the box send out that wavelength, how does it create the wave?

[@sputumtube]

At 2.22 you mentioned something that could protect a wi-fi signal. Can you elaborate on this please?

[@Mercio2]

Thanks!

[@kpopmember1233]

i dont remember anything before wifi??? thats incredible!!!!

[@Aspire198]

'tell your pixels what to do' He should of prefaced that with 'so say for example, you're streaming a video' I still feel like there's a ton of information missing. He spent ages explaining what EM waves are and how they work, but very little time actually explaining how information is actually transferred and processed by wifi hardware

[@WillEvans_]

Why lighting do you guys use at Brit Lab? 3 Point lighting or the Pure White set up?

[@j7ndominica051]

The signal is more like a donut than a dome or circus tent because the antenna isn't a point and is mostly directing the signal where its needed, around it not not into the sky. You came close to describing a microwave video sender, which replaces a composite cable, and could directly affect 'pixels' on a flat screen. Perhaps without going into the technical details, you could describe the wifi as a replacement for one shared cable, with collisions that arise when multiple devices try to transmit on it, and how the chosen frequency affects the range as wall penetration increases with wavelength. If the signal 'bumps' into antoher signal, it's corrupted, and not slowed down.

[@benhbr]

Heat also doesn't need air to propagate. EM waves can transport heat just as atoms can. How else could the Sun heat Earth?

[@StellarStarGaming]

he's making it seem like teleportation is possible

[@sammyjc89]

What are those numbers that come up in the bottom corner of the screen randomly? I see it in almost every video but can't work out what they are for.

[@yousorooo]

Simply put, WiFi is just light but can't be seen with human eyes, and a router is just a computer controlled flashlight.

[@Zer0Mem0ry]

Could this be more inaccurate in terms of physics and computer science, this is way too over simplified. "Wifi is type of electromagnetic radiation" "Wifi is carrying information to your computer to tell it what to do for each pixel on the screen"

[@callumheyes4171]

So you expect him to make a detailed video to people who don't spend their life on C+? kk

[@Zer0Mem0ry]

Arnold Trump How is C++ related to this? Information in this video is simply misleading.

[@callumheyes4171]

1) C++ and Wifi both links to computer technology. 2) He simplified it to ensure people with less knowledge understands it. He *doesn't* need to go into detail because that is irrelevant. Why would he go into talking about how the output of screens work?

[@cline74000]

Ok tech nazi. This is called vulgarisation and this is actually super helpeful to make people with no particular background understand the basics of a subject.

[@rabimoshehizskiaavnergolde3195]

this is different, they say pixels on screen when actually its just carrying bits (010101).

[@alvarovegamalo]

I have a question that I havent been able to find the answer for. What is the rate wifi routers emits radio waves per second? How many times per second does my computer communicate with my router?

[@bernadettelanders7306]

This video by Australian scientists explains it better. I’ve watched quite a few, this one makes wifi more understandable kzbin.info/www/bejne/m6Skaoyemcypf8k

[@Hellothere27816]

If the signals are open in the air, anybody could intercept them and would know what we are sending/receiving without a need of any passwords. How does the wifi password works and secure our data (send/recieve then?

[@kujmous]

I have been wondering about frequency division multiplexing. In a sense, it is like a group of Morse Code operators each their own key to a piano. But in an optical sense, it could be handled with different wavelengths of color. I mean... could we effectively double the bandwidth of fiber if we used red and blue light for the different ones and zeros, but used purple when both are on at the same time?

[@lawlietwinter]

Put subtitles in the videos for someone like me that is learning english! Thanks

[@lemetamax]

I like the background music, what's the name?

[@MonsterSquid2006]

That intro is top gun

[@jjromoustadz2179]

My computer screen pixels improved after watching this video...

[@jm08a31]

WiFi does not "control the pixels on your screen". What it does is gather all the signals in your house (and transmits some signals to your computer) via a WiFi router. Then, that router transmits and receives those signals on a higher frequency wave. In other words, it's the analog to a telephone pole transformer.

[@sam-kx3ty]

man he is talking about the decoding process not the wave propagation aspect!!!!, listen well before you talk.

[@justismullins7523]

How does WEP and WPA play a part of the illustrations of the WiFi signal in this video?

[@DIRTDIVER882]

funny cause my wifi buffered as he was explaining. couldn't tell if it was part of video or not lol

[@DBear8008]

My video buffered as soon as he said “…and your wifi is coming in strong”

[@deenanthekemoni9821]

Dude im in a field. No joke. dope vid

[@TopiasSalakka]

Ethernet > WiFi

[@firstnamelastname4752]

Just looking at your profile picture would have been enough for me to think "That's totally the kind of guy that has ethernet cables running all over his house, probably half-tucked under the carpet edges and duct taped around corners".

[@zilecs98]

Firstname Lastname he is gamer don't mind him

[@MineCrafterCity]

+Firstname Lastname Lol my room is like a spiderweb of ethernet cables atm... Sometimes feels like a James Bond scene where they have to not touch the red lasers.

[@ZeroRiskAppetite]

If I gave that bullshit answer in class, my professor would bitch slap me.

[@AnHero1000]

1:18 why is visible light drawn with a smaller wavelength than X-Rays when it says it's got a wavelength 40 - 70 times bigger?

[@shunnnie]

It might just be my lousy laptop monitor but I feel the white text is hard to read against the bright background

[@R3bel02]

More like lousy video editor.

[@brhaneamha]

you are rely a nice and your videos are so interesting go on

[@avelin_made]

Soo is there any way that we can get track our brain in to a device and see what we are thinking because i see it very posible

[@kicktheajummasface9200]

It doesn't matter, I got the gist of it - now I'm at least smarter than those who nitpick at technicalities and fail to understand this is a 4 minute video on a very complex technology.

[@mother-fng-bonswa3612]

so your cache map, is like a open building area for your incoming wifi signal

[@pumpkingamebox]

a great and even more confusing explanation if 1 and 0

[@guglielmobionda3216]

Do we (human beings) produce an electromagnetic field? If yes, is it possible to measure and "see" it?

[@acgamerx1005]

We do yes… for example infrared radiations or the black body radiations which are usually emitted from objects due to changing temperature of the body in contrast to the environment. And infrared radiations can be observed through gadgets such as night vision glasses which contain certain pixels reacting to the electromagnetic radiations in a certain way.

[@bevel1702]

2:41 The GPU tells the computer what each pixel should be, not the WiFi data itself. The CPU will process the data that is sent via WiFi signals.

[@bacon.cheesecake]

0:38 are you saying that it's not normal having cat.5 cables leading to the bathroom?

[@stutzedward]

Good explanation

[@yayayaya931]

I like the way you simplified Binary with On/Off but you'll have to explain Binary in detail for people to understand...

[@PaulNegoescu]

Heat is a result of the movement of particles but there you said that it can not travel without a medium. While that is essentially true it can be misleading as objects can be heated up using light (infrared) even in vacuum, thus heat can be transmitted through vacuum, not only physical contact with a medium made up out of particles. So I guess travelling is really a technicality since the energy itself can travel without a medium while the effect is only noticeable in actual matter.

[@valisjan95]

Heat doesn't need air or other medium to be spread. However it is true that part of the heat is spread by contact and by circulation, part of heat is transmitted via IR radiation which doesn't need anything to be transmitted. In fact air makes IR transmission less efficient.

[@picobyte]

If WiFi would be visible it would look not like A tent. Your router would look like a dull lamp shining around lighting all materials around it.

[@CaptChrispy]

It's like all the birds outside your window tweeting at the same time; or is it 'twittering'?

[@jaromanda]

How come I know LESS now than before I watched this?

[@a_potato_salad5210]

10/10

[@kobiecamp1134]

When he states on & off was that another way of saying 0 & 1(in binary code)?

[@milesnaguib4630]

Yes

[@wainber1]

I like wifi, which I got to use, early last month, on a flight to Edmonton from Toronto. People should get the chance to check their email while in the air.

[@man_on_wheelz]

I NEED SOME WIFI PAINT!!!

[@ahmedaboelela3837]

Please, could you add a subtitle with your videoes

[@rhynoculous6168]

Who else isn’t watching this in a field

[@nikhilchandhra]

How do wifi know which data is to be sent to a particular device when multiple devices are connected? Do it assign a particular frequency for each single device connected? please explain this in deep.

[@dermihai]

+nikhil chandhra It doesn't, it's broadcasted. That's why it can be dangerous to use Wifi networks with devices you don't trust, since the encryption key is shared between the devices on the same network (except for WPA Enterprise).

[@nikhilchandhra]

BoomBap Snic Oh! k that means all the data is opened to all and a single device takes the data whatever it needs right?

[@dermihai]

+nikhil chandhra yeah kind of

[@TrippBOOMOneFunnyGuy]

It would've been cooler to know how Wi-Fi gets from my router through my walls to my phone. Does the signal actually go through the solid wall? I also have the same question for my so phone when I make phone calls. And my actually sending the signal through the walls of my house into the sky Out into space to hit at satellite has a graphical depictions?

[@ThomasWinget]

+TrippBOOMOneFunnyGuy The signal goes through the wall, yes. Think of it like glass. We know that visible light (and some non-visible, of course) will pass right through glass, even though glass is solid. It is not too far off, then, to suppose that there are frequencies/wavelengths of light which will pass through wood or other solids which are opaque to visible light.

[@stratfol1]

+TrippBOOMOneFunnyGuy Your phone does not send a signal to space using satellites, but relayed to comms towers on the ground. This is why some networks have better coverage because of better infrastructure. Satellite phones exist though for sure and are used where there is no ground network coverage in remote wilderness such as mountaineering or polar expeditions. Expensive rates though!

[@McHeisenburger]

At my house, it doesn't.

[@gokwhozz9770]

same.

[@weskos]

So, maybe this is a stupid question, but I understand how waves propagate in a medium such as water or air, but where there is essentially "nothing", what is the medium through which EM waves propagate. We understand that space is not an "ether" as they used to think. It's not a "stuff" at all, but just saying they "don't need air" to propagate doesn't answer the question of what they might do need. Basically the question is waves in what? Even saying "quantum foam" doesn't actually answer that question, because it all comes back to it being made out of space, which isn't a "thing".

[@AymanB]

Well light is an EM wave and science has come up with the "photon" as the light "particle" ... Electrical field + Magnetic field, coupled together. Not really "moving" or "travelling", simply existing in the form of waves and permeating the universe wherever there are electrical charges (moving and static) to generate them. Quantum physics however prefers to speak of "particles". The question isn't easy at all, nor is it stupid in my view. Trying to understand how the other 3 fundamental forces of the universe 'act' or are applied is equally mentally challenging.

[@weskos]

Ayman B. Thanks. A couple things you said clarified it for me.

[@anshumansingh9553]

how does a VRAM or graphic memory works???

[@LamboSavage]

In a field? How about a frac site in North Dakota on my iPhone using a wifi jet pack? Take that!

[@NachiketVartak]

X-rays are shorter that visible light. Physics fail.

[@elimalinsky7069]

I also noticed the error. I think they confused microwave with x-ray.

[@bigbenhebdomadarius6252]

+Nachiket Vartak What got me was the notion that heat, i.e., electromagnetic radiation in the infrared spectrum cannot be radiated through a vacuum. Sheesh!

[@elimalinsky7069]

BigBen Hebdomadarius heat itself is not electomagnetic radiation, it's the collision of matter particles, which by this action emit small traces of infrared radiation. You need matter in the first place to conduct heat. Infrared radiation is the result of heat, not the cause of it.

[@charliehenry772]

+BigBen Hebdomadarius he explains it as if you have never heard about any technology or the whole concept of frequencies

[@dankstories3589]

+BigBen Hebdomadarius shut up you're trying to sound smart but truly have no clue what they're talking about

[@ThanatosDem]

Why are X-Rays shown as having longer than visible light? (1:08) The given measurement is correct, but showing it as longer than visible light is rather confusing.

[@bigbabatunde1218]

Just wondering if a WiFi enabled device is just a receiver of information, or if it sends back as much information as it receives from the router?

[@milesnaguib4630]

Well for the internet to work it needs to go both ways, for example if you are playing a game and an object moves then your router will let you know but if you move that information will be sent to your router which will be given to the game and to the other players routers and their computers so they can see that you have moved.

[@bigbabatunde1218]

@@milesnaguib4630 Wasn't thinking about online gaming..... but strangely enough I was originally thinking about the Evercade VS gaming device when I made my original post as it requires WiFi connectivity for updates but is not needed for the playing of actual games. The Evercade VS seemingly doesn't have an on/ off for the WiFi among its settings, so would it.... 1. Turn the WiFi off when a network isn't selected? Or 2. Continue to scan for a network hour after hour regardless of if the user is wanting to connect to WiFi or not? Even cheap mobile phones allow for WiFi to be turned off when not needed, but the Evercade VS seems to be designed to stay connected to your home WiFi regardless despite the product only ever going to need a firmware update once or twice. Seriously, who designs these products?

[@mattyfresh9698]

Lead paint?

[@yulo9058]

Without wifi... without youtube... im gona die

[@AngusMcIntyre]

Wifi carries instructions for the pixels on your screen? Give me strength...

[@ipbeckwith]

Binary systems use square wave forms to comunicate

[@overwrite_oversweet]

That is incorrect. You can't send "square" waves very easily so signals are encoded. In WiFi, this is done with PSK or QAM, the first using the "rotation" of the direction of the wave to convey a signal over a carrier, and the latter uses both that and the amplitude of the wave. The carrier is always far higher frequency than the modulation, as a single carrier wave can't be reliably decoded.

[@psypsy751]

So what are the technological limitations? Why aren't there large hundred-km-radius domes around great metropolitan areas and such? Or have the consumer-grade routers just grown much faster for such a technology to not be obsolete?

[@94cathaloc]

I'm watching this on the toilet

[@SureyD]

As you started explaining how a Wi-Fi signal can be slowed down, the internet here did actually slow to the point of the video not playing. Funny coincidence.