How Far Away Is It - 16 - The Cosmos (4K)

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In this final segment of our “How far away is it” video book, we cover the structure of the visible Universe as we currently know it.
We start with some galaxy and galaxy clusters beyond our local superclusters, including: Abell 2029 with its supermassive galaxy IC 1101; Quasar Markarian; a massive cluster gravitationally lensing a more distant cluster; El Gordo; some distant supernovae remnants; gravitational lensing in giant galaxy clusters like Abell 1689, Abell 68, and more. We then cover dark matter discovery in the Coma cluster and evidence for it in the Bullet cluster. We see a gravitationally lensed supernova;
Next, we cover slowly expanding space and the impact that has on measuring distances using GN-z11, currently beyond the visible horizon, as an example. We also cover how recent redshift measurements from distant Type 1a Supernovas have provided evidence that the expansion is accelerating. We explain how this leads to the concept of ‘Dark Energy’ by examining the concept of a cosmic scale factor and how it changes over time. With this we introduce ‘cosmological redshift’ as a measure of the expansion.
We then cover the creation of the Cosmic Background Microwave (CMB) radiation and what that tells us about the formation of galaxy walls around great voids. We then cover some of the recent galaxy surveys that are helping us understand the fabric of the visible Universe. These include the 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey of 52,000 galaxies out to 3 billion light years, and the Sloan Digital Sky Survey that mapped one million galaxies. We show the 3D supercomputer video that shows the fabric of the Universe is like a web of galaxies with massive voids. We show some of the galaxy surveys that show this web-like structure.
We conclude with a review of the cosmic distance ladder and our last adjustment based on cosmological redshift. And we end with Edwin Hubble’s own words on the limits of our knowledge.
Music:
@00:00 Mendelssohn - “Violin Concerto in E Minor Op.64 Andante”; 101 Strings; from the album The Most Relaxing Classical Music, 1997
@11:55 Mozart - Piano Concerto No.21 in C 'Elvira Madigan' K.467 - Andante; from the album The Most Relaxing Classical Music, 1997
@21:34 Rachmaninov - Piano Concerto No 2 in C minor; from the album The Most Relaxing Classical Music, 1993
@32:18 Mozart - Clarinet Concerto in A from the album The Most Relaxing Classical Music, 1997

[@georgehenry76]

I can’t think of a single thing more interesting than this

[@petermallia558]

I agree 👍

[@infiniteblue895]

Quantum physics is pretty crazy also

[@sonnybolden2678]

I love everything about the universe.

[@fieldadmiralspartanryseb-8293]

Isn't it strange how most people don't even care about this stuff? It's sad really 😞 😔

[@georgehenry76]

@@fieldadmiralspartanryseb-8293 absolutely. Sad, is exactly what it is.

[@guglielmocioni]

There's so many documentaries and divulgative series on various networks, NONE of them compares with your videobooks in terms of clarity, details, images, careful selection, background study. If you are doing all of this by yourself, with no staff to research and support your work in all the phases of production, then you are nothing short than amazing and you deserve your place among the great recognized science communicators, from David Attenborough to Carl Sagan and so on. This is just to say David that you have my greatest admiration, and I sincerely hope your work will find its way to mainstream television, to be able to reach the wider public.

[@howfarawayisit]

Thank you very much for your kind words. I appreciate it.

[@davidhallett8783]

Write on

[@mortalclown3812]

​@@howfarawayisit Your videos have been helping me through an illness... and bringing hope.

[@blurta2011]

Sounds like you would believe anything you were told. Listen to what he is saying, billions of light years away and he is telling us there are trillions of stars. These people earn their money because of people like you who just take it all in

[@adahripfoze]

​​@@blurta2011So u think you know everything? Look at the night sky? How many stars we can see with our naked eye. Its just a few portion of milky way. This Video talk about billions of light years away from earth.

[@interrobang5000]

I’ve been having some struggles lately-like a lot of people out here-but the videos that you make make me happy. Thanks as ever.

[@coolorbiter]

😘

[@justinlukecorder2164]

I always use these videos to fall asleep to. Keep your head up

[@tonynagy2042]

[@jasontomimorasch4436]

Same

[@BoogieBoogsForever]

Keep your head up, sister. You can get through, just go day by day...

[@comodojoe59]

This kind of content should be mandatory in schools.

[@kamakaziozzie3038]

It should be! when I was in High School in the early 1980’s my junior and senior year science classes had physics and this type of astronomy. Now much of that has been displaced by electives/social studies such as Gender Theory and artistic dance

[@MaximumBan]

Give me one reason this can come handy in everyday life/survival?

[@EhrenLoudermilk]

​@@MaximumBanhumbleness

[@plazmikpond]

these videos are some of the best astronomy videos on all of KZbin.

[@punnasamamao1307]

Absolutely agreed

[@hamednavidinia7132]

Absolutely agreed

[@Kilgorebass7]

Indeed. Very well done.

[@ceciliapares2804]

I agree. 👍💕

[@Khotang34]

That's true.

[@jupiterthesun3217]

Never before had I enjoyed not understanding a subject matter, Mental decline comes with a certain serene comfort.

[@adawg3032]

The educational quality of these videos are incredible. I truly have learned so much about our universe from them

[@davidtrezelle208]

i said the same thing in my mind

[@kellyford8832]

but did ya??

[@halfdayofthejackal9372]

He's a treasure

[@RobinDobbie]

I've been waiting for this for a MONTH! I refresh every day and I see this was uploaded 43 seconds ago! Life is good!

[@Mental_Illboy]

Thank you for your interest sir!

[@timwheeler8523]

You let 43 seconds slip by?? Do you know how far the universe expanded in that time? For shame!!! Hehe

[@RobinDobbie]

@@timwheeler8523 An immeasurable amount.

[@RobinDobbie]

@@Mental_Illboy thank you for your interest in my interest!

[@Mental_Illboy]

@@RobinDobbie Thank you sir, my interest is from beyond the stars.

[@ArisEmriis]

I absolutely LOVE the classical piece by Mendelsshon playing in the background! I feel as if I am getting an Astronomy lesson while attending a symphony or Opera... What a beautiful thing, THANK YOU!

[@morphflow]

The classical piece in the background is Rachmaninov 2nd piano concerto ✌️

[@spaceexplained9444]

It's a masterpiece. The combination is brilliant.

[@hasnaalshammri4490]

ماندري الونه الاخر الاشيا يبع جاح ذباب يقول كن

[@lucasburke8074]

@@morphflow It's Mendelssohn violin concerto

[@kountryedge]

Shazam says its: Album: mendelssohn violin concerto- Bruch: violin concerto No. 1

[@AbdulMateen-nt4er]

Hope you are doing good Mr David Butler. Many thanks for the video.

[@williammorse7415]

There is no beginning or end to the multiveris, the word "size" just doesn't work. To think how amazingly infinite and spectacular space is and how lucky we are to be here to experience it. We all have won the ultimate lottery...

[@politicallycorrectredskin796]

But you don't know that.

[@politicallycorrectredskin796]

@@williammorse7415 Nice, some insults. And my mind is what is limited.

[@thirtyeight3440]

this makes me forget they got my order wrong at Mcdonald’s earlier tonight

[@McKurdi]

Everyday struggle haha

[@georgefromgeorgia2478]

Remember Joe Pesci in Lethal weapon? They f you and they f you

[@jttraina4516]

Relax you can be certain we won't be traveling to any of these Galaxies in the near future.

[@jacobchavez4719]

My mind cannot even imagine the massiveness of our Universe.

[@KushClarkKent]

Play SpaceEngine and get some idea ;)

[@ominous-omnipresent-they]

​@@KushClarkKent I love the feeling of existential dread that game provides.

[@lifeisonce.sodontwasteit.7570]

The universe gives us a message that man is limited but God is unlimited.

[@ominous-omnipresent-they]

@@lifeisonce.sodontwasteit.7570 The Universe doesn't provide us anything of the sort.

[@johndef5075]

And the visible universe is supposedly just a tiny fraction of the whole cosmos.

[@theforgottenhero8515]

When professor David said 100 trillions of suns, I knew my imagination has a limit.. Such grandeuss make my heart tremble. Thank you for posting it, professor.

[@mathias4851]

Thats alot of stars

[@chrislloyd42]

Our ancestors called them demons today we call them extra terrestrials they are one in the same

[@davidfoster5906]

Thank you for your series. I enjoy it very much.

[@emblem3fan319]

Fascinating. It makes me crazy how space is.

[@Justwantahover]

On the scale of one light year to one meter, Pluto would be only a half a mm away (really like 3 billion miles away) and on the small scale our galaxy would be 100 km diameter (with Pluto's orbit being 1 mm diameter). Plenty of room in our galaxy for all those billions of stars.

[@dakkedankos4116]

Your choice for the background music is excellent!

[@leon_De_Grelle]

you mean you don't prefer IN DA CLUB by FIDDY SCENT as background to this topic?

[@scottdunn2178]

@@leon_De_Grelle I would prefer "Bitch betta' have my money" by lil' woo woo. Fo shizzle.

[@scottdunn2178]

@@fletchergoldie561 "Awl Dem Niggas" by G-money and Slicky Slack M. T.

[@welanduzfullo8496]

Beautiful, just beautiful.

[@Vereid]

I’m happy I finally found a channel that uses actual images without all the CGI (which I don’t mind but just sometimes want to see the real deal). Great video!

[@Calmcatfish]

Thanks for these wonderful videos. Many moons ago, fired on by books by Arthur Clarke, I dreamed of being an astrophysicist someday, but life took a different turn and I ended up working for the underprivileged in society. Now, heading towards retirement I can dream of doing something I've always wanted to do, thanks to your videos sparking that same excitement I felt decades ago when I made my first telescope or listened to the motion of electrons on my home made radio receiver!

[@mortalclown3812]

Thanks for the choice you made. Here's hoping your new hobby brings the best adventures.

[@BumKnuckle]

Surgeon Generals Warning: Listening to this man's voice for extended periods may cause drowsiness and trippy dreams.

[@Clutchpearls]

I agree! I find it very relaxing with his voice and the beautiful background music! ❤️

[@GTFBITK]

Asmr

[@tonibat59]

This is by far the best channel and info source for astrophysics and cosmology. A true work of love. We owe you a big, big thanks Mr Butler

[@mortalclown3812]

'Professor' seems respectful given the expanse of his career and CV. 😊💫

[@Dutchman536]

Clear as glass Thank You Sir , have bin waiting 13 and somewhat billion years for this , give me a light year , and I give you time

[@vladcimpeanu]

Your dedication and perseverance are astounding. I have the utmost respect for your effort to make this subject as accessible and easy to follow as possible for everybody. I have been following your videos since the beginning and this was the first channel that I ever subscribed to on KZbin. Although you had an extraordinary career in IT (currently using O.. software as so many others :) ) I still believe that these video series are your greatest legacy and will have a great impact on inspiring and shaping so many minds to be a little more aware of the wonderful things we have yet to explore and the vastness of the unknown. And you did all that after retiring.. and continue to do so. I feel privileged to be able to thank you and I hope we will still see many more updates in the years to come.

[@AbdulMateen-nt4er]

I agree with you 💯 %

[@howfarawayisit]

Thank you for your thoughts and kind words. I really appreciate all the good will I read in all the comments. Your comment is particularly on the mark, at least as far as my grandchildren are concerned. Thanks.

[@yaminrashid4965]

I could not have said it any better my self. David, Your work in these video books have inspired me beyond words and it will continue to have a ripple effect for generations. I, too, feel grateful and privileged to thank you directly. Long may your work continue to spread and fill knowledge and spark deep curiosity amongst the minds.

[@johnnations5932]

Wow, this great Comment makes me almost as happy as Mr. Butler's work:) thank you!

[@AlbertZ]

Thank you for your extremely appropriate comment, and thank you David Butler for his wonderful

[@DeBanked]

One of youtubes hidden treasures. Thank you for all you have done.

[@politicallycorrectredskin796]

Butler popped up in my feed last week. I'm a huge astro buff and it's very hard for me to figure out why I hadn't seen him before. Then again, now I have dozens of videos to binge.

[@CatBack94]

37:46 Man, I dont know why watching this just warms my heart. So fascinating. Truly amazing.

[@deoraokhaire5456]

This is the fascinating information about the Cosmos. I am very much thankful to David Butler. 👍👍👍

[@parallelparkdaudette2863]

The most legendary online professor in astronomy I've ever heard!!!! ❤️

[@jriver64]

Mr. Butler, you have truly done a magnificent job on "How Far Away Is It - 16. Your other videos are great, as I have always seen them over and over again, but this one has really taken me by surprise by how you managed to put bits and pieces of information from your other videos and somehow summed them up in helping get a clearer understanding of the cosmos. If only you knew how much I really appreciate your superb workmanship and all of the hard labor, you have exhausted for me to appreciate our universe. Thank you!

[@mpclair]

Wow, what a great video! Congratulations on making us better understand Man’s place in the Universe!

[@kalaperkins9883]

Truly! I think all politicians should be required to study astronomy prior to blowing themselves up like balloons. Humility and reality could go a long way toward respect for life as we know and encounter it!

[@JamaaLKellbass]

The man, the legend!

[@luvmyfamily2002able]

This may take a while. I've replayed the first minute regarding the size of IC1101 10 times in amazement! 😳

[@RobinDobbie]

Imagine a trillion stars. Then imagine 100x that. And that's just the stars.

[@weshard1]

Same!

[@thirtyeight3440]

what you on bruh??

[@jkdbuck7670]

Fascinating

[@veronicagorosito187]

It breaks my mind!

[@christheswiss390]

I am floored. I've watched this video intensly and repeated segments many times to understand all your statements. This video is the best explanation of the formation of our universe I've ever seen. Thank you so much for your wonderful contribution to understanding modern cosmology!

[@ihateyoutubecomments8100]

I can't tell you how much I wish I would have found your channel years ago. I'm so sick of watching Space videos that is clearly just a bunch of CGI with a few real photos sprinkled in. As far space videos go, it doesn't get better than this. I have learned so much from you.

[@xnightmarex1534]

Mr. Butler, thank you so much for the education. I cannot tell you how much I value your teachings and what I've learned from the series How far away is it. When I hold my girlfriend's hand and I point up at the night sky I start telling her about what you have taught me she looks at me with those beautiful eyes and says "where do you want to have dinner". Okay maybe she doesn't have to get it but I sure do cherish the education thank you again.

[@makalu877]

Although a lot of this goes over my head, I still find it extremely interesting. Thank you David for your efforts.

[@davidsheckler8417]

Since when did cartoon nonsense "fly" over people's heads 🤷🏻‍♂️🤦‍♂️

[@Twittchyy]

Yes space is literally over your head :)

[@alextri1047]

@@davidsheckler8417You just described religion.

[@MonroeSim]

Imagine how many potential civilizations are in that 6 million light year galaxy

[@raymondbedborough8522]

Civilisation? Statistically so far. Zero point. Sorry lol

[@forceforceforce]

@@teabagx213 on earth, it is not called a chance anymore, it is called a fact, a stable reality, so these two cannot be compared

[@teabagx213]

@@forceforceforce sorry this is not understandable, it should not be a fact if proven false

[@clown134]

pretty small unfortunately. in our short lifetimes anyway

[@Saifullah.Q]

Imagine if Milky Way Galaxy itself has so many other civilisations. It's just so massive that's why we might never know

[@Mental_Illboy]

Thank you for your service sir.

[@brianj1203]

When a light year is like 5.879 trillion miles on its own and something is 6 million light years across, my brain turns into mush thinking of how big that galaxy is!!

[@wadesharp11]

Absolutely outstanding!!! Well over my head this info but i loved it! Amazing space the final frontier

[@michaelblankenau6598]

You are a brilliant teacher . And to go along with that you also have a very deep understanding of the subjects you present . Your work deserves to be appreciated by a much larger audience .

[@mortalclown3812]

💯

[@blurta2011]

Sounds like you would believe anything you were told. Listen to what he is saying, billions of light years away and he is telling us there are trillions of stars. These people earn their money because of people like you who just take it all in

[@michaelblankenau6598]

@@blurta2011 No . On the contrary , I don’t believe everything I hear . But when people who are scientists , who have spent many years studying their subjects , and who can present verifiable evidence make claims I am inclined to believe them . On the other hand, when someone presents me with what they proclaim to be words from a god ( as an example) , and are unable to prove anything … those people I will definitely NOT believe . And anyone that does is either a fool or a dupe .What camp are you in ?

[@Josecannoli1209]

This man is an national treasure and should be cherished

[@HE-pu3nt]

The beautiful way you explain the subjects with your gentle accent is compelling. The music in the back ground adds to the whole, making a wonderful video.

[@ihateyoutubecomments8100]

I've watched this video six times now and I still cannot wrap my head around the size of some of these galaxies. When you think about the fact that with current technology it would take humans 6,300 years to get to even the nearest star outside our solar system. That fact alone is mind melting and that's just the distance to one single star in our tiny Galaxy not to mention how far and big some of these galaxies are it's at absolutely unfathomable. We will never be able to wrap our heads around how big the universe is ever.

[@aditya_saha]

thank you. for someone who wants to understand how did we get to this point, instead of simply mugging up the details. great work.

[@robertmolnar9131]

My brain is just blown out every time when I see these comparisons how big is the Universe and how insignificant humans and their pitiful problems are.

[@politicallycorrectredskin796]

Well, that's one perspective. Another is that life > matter, time and space, regardless of how much of it there is, and that makes us very significant. If we found creatures like ourselves on another planet, for example, it would be a huge deal. Hell, if we found an amoeba on another planet it would be a huge deal at this time.

[@IntergalacticCherry]

@@politicallycorrectredskin796 I believe we exist elsewhere too! Trillions upon trillions of stars and planets, wouldn't be surprised if there are humans who are 15ft+ taller and stronger lol mega earth elsewhere.

[@politicallycorrectredskin796]

@@IntergalacticCherry Probably not how it works, though, Big planet = more gravity = shorter, stockier organisms with adaptations for weight distribution. Being tall would be really bad. Anyway, I think you might be a little optimistic.

[@IntergalacticCherry]

@@politicallycorrectredskin796 Space is huge. Much of what we know now will either be thrown out or touched on a bit more with newer info, we have primitive tech right now. I wouldn't rule out Mega Earth humans out so fast. Trillions of stars and planets in our universe we barely scratched anything , heck we don't even know if Alt dimensions exist but we all like to say yeah it probably does. Plus these humans could've inhabited the world earlier and reproduced on that planet.

[@politicallycorrectredskin796]

@@IntergalacticCherry Yes, but we don't really know how big of a fluke life is here. What if the only reason we're here is the Thea impact hitting the planet at just the right speed and angle to create the moon and get the Earth spinning? Venus doesn't spin because is never had an impact like that, and just look at the conditions there. How likely do you suppose that is? Maybe it cancels out 5-10 of your zeroes over there, and it's only one of the many, many things we don't know.

[@dallywardy6729]

Who is feeling weird/empty after watching this? It just doesn't make sense! I am flabbergasted! The size of the universe is "fascinating" like Spock would say (lol) How the hell can someone believe that we are alone! The problem is the distance we are all apart. Thanks David, you MADE MY DAY!

[@andrileonardo]

I love your videos! Thanks for posting!

[@user-bl1pw2th4l]

I think you're amazing, David.

[@AUTOTUB3]

Beautiful to see and watch the beauty of this universe

[@kunzklingsor9156]

Mr. Butler, in total admiration for a career and talents I couldn't even begin to dream about. Thank you, sir !!!

[@merveilmeok2416]

Thank you my Great Uncle of the Galaxy.

[@timothyward6644]

Thank you again Professor. These are the best for everyday astrophysicists that don’t get to see the magic that you get to see. You made my weekend by doing this video. Proud subscriber saying good night to everyone on this beautiful planet 🌎

[@tzaidi2349]

THIS IS GOLD! The tempo, graphics, and length are perfect. Also appreciate the depth and inclusion of equations as well as the choice of background music. Looking forward to watching and rewatching your vids. Thanks for the hard work. Please keep it up!

[@BlissfulMisanthrope]

It’s VERY VERY rare to come across such content that illustrate things that we may understand at the superficial level but aren’t able to explain or give such examples to make another person understand what we do. That’s cos we ourselves don’t understand what we think we understood. Content of this nature is GODLY. I truly believe that all education systems must learn and adapt from such exceptional content to ACTUALLY give purpose to the students. Thank you so much for sharing such gems.

[@petermallia558]

I fall asleep listening to this, not because it's boring, but because it's so interesting to listen too, the way you narrate your videos is very confidently, spoken very well and calming too, I could listen for hours and I have.

[@PenDragonsPig]

I love the numbers- un-imaginable. And almost all in a time frame before we were even a species let alone anyone’s lifetime.9

[@davidfromamerica1871]

Far enough apart to keep competing Species apart from one another.

[@dr_flunks]

This is the best universe video i've ever seen.

[@annetteku1]

Every january I know you are getting ready to launch a New meal of cosmic delight And you are the only youtuber that has made me remember when and what to look forward for New things to learn and know about Astonishing pictures from space The clasical Music as seasoning Your voice expressing every sentence With precision and a paletable pace and personality The beautifull pictures of space phenomena The animated illustrations Easy to understand graphs Step by step math Easy to find videobook system You are a great teacher Thank you for your gift to the World I pray you live a long life And that your videos stay easily accesable for “eternity”👍

[@howfarawayisit]

Thank you for your kind comments.

[@annetteku1]

@@howfarawayisit 😊👍

[@600katman]

Hubble's quote was the perfect ending to this video. Thank you for all your work, Dr. Butler!

[@jonathanwalther]

David, your series are concise, incredibly dense and highly educational. Esp., you do not shy away to show some formulas. They even add a lot to the understanding of the matter at hand (pun intended). Your channel is a gem and you are a gift to free education. Through your "How far..." series I got a much better idea, what (and what not) I see, looking up into the vast night sky.

[@demultiplexdfunc177]

“Photons are attached to the space they propagate through” - this change and add a lot to my understanding of physics! (~25:30 into video)

[@CobraQuotes1]

Mr.David Butler, I just want to tell you that you are a wonderful man, and that this is my all time favorite video on ALL of KZbin.

[@Josecannoli1209]

Dude you have no idea how much I love your longer videos. If I was rich I would just sponsor you to make one of these a week.

[@shazanali692]

We truly are history's middle men, 500 years ago men explored the world for good or worse, future humans will explore the universe, i wish i could have been there, but my spirit will be

[@theforlanjoker4457]

Thank you love you David.

[@anditosan]

Professor Butler is the David Attenborough of space! Love, love your videos!

[@ViktorKishankov]

Thank you for your work!

[@gilbertanderson3456]

A very clear and accurately worded presentation that has provided a much needed service. Thank you.

[@gator1984atcomcast]

Will watch this video again. Lots of contemporary information. Thanks for your work.

[@stevenleslie8557]

100 trillion stars in IC 1101? That's mind-blowing!

[@thelostone6981]

David, I’m hoping for an updated video of the cosmos as the James Webb releases more and more images. What has been released so far is just absolutely amazing and I’m very excited to see more as time goes on.

[@cocosn79]

Congratulations David. As always great video. I find fascinating the gravitational lensing. Also, the inclusion of formulas enhances the understanding of the concepts and also motivates me to search for more. Thank You!!

[@MrAstor69]

These videos are by far the best astronomical lessons I have stumbled upon on KZbin, they explain all the important phenomena of astronomy in simple popular language. Truly phenomenal.

[@desperadobakorpakem]

I always watching your video before sleep dan sleep away in the middle. So calming.

[@TheMwowner1]

I love your videos very much David Butler, thank you so much for taking the time to make them.

[@ardentdfender4116]

This is some mind blowing exciting stuff. Feels like I’m attending a college class watching this. Damn interesting though. Enjoyed the length of this video. It allows me to really get my mind into it and taking it all in. I subscribed. Love good astronomy.

[@Rhythm911]

As someone whose academic path was disrupted many times in life. I'm glad I started wrapping my head around huge numbers early in my life, because 50 years later I am blessed with the ability to grasp the numbers put forth in the video and what they entail.

[@mathule_]

you get to realize how insignificant we are. The amount of space we occupy is insignificant, the amount of time we have existed in the universe is insignificant, the amount of energy we use is insignificant, the amount of matter we utilize is insignificant, even the amount of distance we are ever gona travel is insignificant.

[@giarc0]

I literally watch some form of this playlist everyday, usually at bedtime. Everything about your videos is unparalleled.

[@jamesofallthings3684]

You enjoy inducing existential crisis before bed?

[@badgerlife9541]

What a valuable service to humankind you have produced. I can't thank you enough! In case you ever read the comments, just know, that in my mind your channel and the way you present information is on par with my other heroes: Carl Sagan and Richard Feynman.

[@einarclausen]

Wow. Just astounding. Thank you.

[@koksalceylan9032]

Mr.Butler, you made me love,bit understand the Cosmos, it's history,how it comming to beeing. Thank you Mr Butler.

[@Frotchalistic23]

Thank you David Butler ! That video has been so interesting and explained quite a lot of information I did not know..

[@DysonGolf]

Outstanding series. I appreciate your hard work and editing to create this cool project. :) Nice work Mr. Butler.

[@jimmyneql]

What this video describes literally defines the word “Awesome”. Thank you!

[@tightlines106]

Just Mind blowing beyond comprehension

[@philippejacquot9270]

You are amazing David, your passion and knowledge. i fancy myself as pretty educated, but you always teach me more and more, much respect. keep them coming. From the apprentice cosmologist.

[@jacobusstrydom7017]

This is an amazing video. Loved it. Thanks for the great explanations.

[@ishmaelopare1290]

Very objective presentation, presented in a most humbling way. You face the facts and make your own mind. No attempt to make unnecessary interpretations.

[@rezzer7918]

THE best series on astronomy and astrophysics which attempts to explain & convey the sheer scope and unutterable grandeur of Creation a.k.a. the universe (n., Latin: uni + vertere; one turning*). *the relative world of energy, mass, space & time which results when the absolute world e.g. Infinite Being or Undifferentiated Aesthetic Continuum i.e. God, turns upon Himself or away from Itself once.

[@d3vilfish80]

God save David Butler. For him, for us and for many great videos still to come.

[@oimate3]

Nice. Just in time for my afternoon nap

[@Hoscitt]

Absolutely brilliant video. A joy to watch. Thanks!

[@edwardfield4856]

Excellent. Thank you, David.

[@riccardogranato1274]

I love you videos, thanks for doing this, you're very much appreciated. Cheers from Italy 💪

[@henrylima6974]

Love your content, good job....you deserve way more subscribers

[@Rascala]

Probably the best videos of the universe ever out there, and this is an understatement! It grounded our vague understanding by tethering to the actual equations which help us understand, while not making the equations overbearing. Compact, succint and the reference point to begin the journey of the understanding of the infinite universe.

[@ichsanrahmanto]

You are like a grandfather who all children want because the way you are narrating is like a grandfather who tells fairy tales to children (very calm and warm to hear), of course I will play this to my 3 month old son. thank you david.