How is Europe manufacturing the ITER Toroidal Field coils?

[@Wintergatan]

Gotta love that it is taped a few times

[@geriko29]

Feel no shame in adding a few more tape layers on that temporary marble collector!

[@pbjracing14yearsago49]

Oh hey

[@RedBeard20842]

Fancy seeing you here

[@blackturbine]

I made a lot of magnets in my life but this is one takes the cake when it comes to insulation

[@lukem3250]

Hi Martin, are you looking for a source of power for your Marble Machine X?

[@Fortunes_In_Formlas]

Awesome work guys, keep it going.

[@hugostiglitz6914]

The process and equipment used in the manufacture of TF coils are as impressive as the coils themselve.

[@175psi]

I can't wait to see this thing working.

[@peterbonnema8913]

You won't :p

[@MsArchitectschannel]

@@peterbonnema8913 yes they will? there is no way they would spend this much money then suddenly stop it. it's going to be built and they will turn it on. since it's a test rig it working means testing, it WILL work since it can't fail...

[@lordchickenhawk]

@@MsArchitectschannel I've no doubt the coils will work fine but I'm waiting for a successful test of surplus energy producing self sustained fusion. As I have been since the 1960's and the research has been on going for longer than that.

[@brk932]

We have already shown the surplus energy with H-mode on other experimental tokamaks. The size of the ITER would allow longer sustained plasma (hopefully 8 minutes) which is necessary to achieve longer steady state plasma (Q around 5). It takes a lot of power to heat the plasma but the great problem is divertor design. There is no material that will withstand contact. If the plasma reaches the tungsten divertor that leads to introduction of thermal and ionisation losses and immediately quenches the reaction. And when something like this happens tungsten is sputtered all over the vacuum chamber and the necessitates disassembly and complete cleaning and inspection of the sustained damage. It is so far unresolved problem which may NEVER be resolved completely.

[@brk932]

@Lawrence Bottorff That is always an option. Magnetohydrodynamic simulations cannot be completely trusted and ITER is mostly based off them and interpolation of scaling effects on stability/confinement and Q. But confinement is the devil here. The so called "vertical displacement events" (VDEs) and magnetohydrodynamical instabilities which cause loss of symmetry mean that there will never be continuous operation. Simulations offer little solution to disruptions and instabilities. IMHO (as non laser expert) if your aim is non-continuous operation modern laser technology seems promising enough. Inertial confinement fusion is simpler in terms of confinement. Load -unload cycles will be performed by robots so even if the chamber becomes highly radioactive that is not a big issue. Economical viability and extracting the heat from the chamber are the ICF problems. When the US saw in the late 80's how big, complex and expensive such design will be they decided to abandon the development of an ITER-like experiment.

[@PaulusCunctator]

I love the level of detail you put into the specific stages of production. Most videos would've just mentioned how large the magnet is, that it's a magnet, and how many companies or people went into producing it. This is a real treat and the type of content I'd love to see more of. Right on!

[@xxwookey]

They know their audience (mostly fusion nerds)

[@pentalphastro]

the problem with our world, is easily explained by the number of the viewers... instead of 2 billion the less, is 12 thousand.... Keep making human kind proud!

[@vaughan.gittel]

Yeah but netflix bro.....

[@vaughan.gittel]

And kylie jenner.. and sport... and drama... thats important

[@KrustyKlown]

and also by the fact that your comment has only 3 dozen thumbs up after 8 months

[@dq3666]

Coils make my nipples hard.

[@NikoxD93]

Only VERY intelligent people watch Fusion 4 Energy on KZbin bro!

[@movax20h]

That is a heart of the ITER. Good job, great engineering, tooling and attention to details.

[@kerbodynamicx472]

Instant subscription for the future of humanity

[@mhr2967]

GOGOGOGOGO!!!! This is really the big leape we've been waiting fore!!!!!!!

[@jonathanlebon9705]

You guys are crazy but a good kind of crazy. Keep it up..has my full support!

[@alessandrotorboli3782]

I can't believe these monsters are built here in Italy, next to my home! XD

[@halnineooo136]

You guys in Italy have some impressive aerospace and automotive industry, ship building and tool manufacturing. No surprise

[@Erik-rp1hi]

Beautiful work.

[@NoName-nq8vc]

Holy cow I hadn't realized they were that large.

[@hugoedelarosa]

I hope they can broadcast this machine in action whenever they turn it on.

[@WernerEngel1]

Wow - impressive! it would be nice to see more about quench-protection and detection and testing of th PF-coils. Also it would be great to see, how the other factories are producing the same coils. Thanks for this video!

[@yallowrosa]

4:35 Magnet coils are manufactured by ASG Superconductors in LaSpezia (near Genoa) and are finally tested in Marghera (near Venice) ... Why?

[@alonzoc537]

Because it's a international project EVERYONE has to do something. Contracts have to be given to many companies to create jobs. Same reason NASA needed to build parts of the rockets in multiple different states. It's not about the best people for the job it is about buying favour. Also makes the project take longer.

[@Penguin_of_Death]

@@alonzoc537 It allows for more coils to be manufactured simultaneously, and also spreads the risk associated with the project. You really don't want them all being manufactured at a single site

[@blindshellvideos]

Is it done in layers/small-diameter wires to avoid eddy currents / skin effects or what is the reason behind it?

[@77tuval]

Great stuff; I hope to be alive when it'll start working

[@africanelectron751]

Gloriously complex, I eagerly await news of your success in the next 20 years.

[@CUXOB2]

Birds trying to fly south will be doing circles over that thing instead

[@TheNefastor]

It can pull needles out of hay stacks at a range of 500 kilometers :-D

[@francescomarialeo]

It this going to be used in the fusion recator to the south of france? Super nice btw.

[@xxwookey]

Yes, that's the one.

[@beachboardfan9544]

Cant friggin wait for this!!!

[@Erik-rp1hi]

Holly Cow! That is some pricey magnets just from looking at them. It is a shame the process can't be proofed with a much smaller reactor that could show a net gain in energy out to the amount put in.I hope it works and the output does what you want.

[@BigC3530]

I actually worked at the place that drew the copper niobium tin wire from 3” dia. To about .5mm. They gave me a cross section when it was at about 1” dia.

[@JF32304]

Niobium wire... My goodness this is EXPENSIVE!!!!! Millions and millions per coil!!

[@Penguin_of_Death]

@Jesse Fritz 1:24 *Niobium-tin and copper strands

[@Penguin_of_Death]

Would this make a good fridge magnet?

[@ADRIAAN1007]

You would think that a manufacturing facility would be setup in close proximity to the final position of the ITER complex, instead of shipping a fragile 300 ton piece of equipment hundreds or even thousands of kilometers.

[@michaelt.4806]

Will it work ? Hope it does !

[@wilsonpendarvis3710]

And why is the windings not made with square conductor, eliminating much hysteresis loss. ?

[@MoritzvonSchweinitz]

Very interesting - but how are they going to be cooled to superconducting temperatures?

[@jialx]

.05mm accuracy..**shows him eyeballing it**

[@brk932]

That is the winding jig.

[@Penguin_of_Death]

@Jim *.05mm per metre

[@ThoughtinFlight]

Can i be a tape wrapper? looks therapeutic

[@davidpyramid2623]

Magnets powerful enough to hold a miniature star.. Or if the situation calls for it, the most OP rail gun of all time??

[@Nickgowans]

Still not enough to hold yo mamma... ;)

[@bradley5819]

Son of a Sun

[@lbgstzockt8493]

I didnt know the coils are this big, i thought they were maxbe two meters tall ot 5

[@syproful]

Is this for wireless charging cars ?

[@jed-henrywitkowski6470]

That is a big ass CNC machine!

[@desmiddleton443]

Very impressive, was wondering how the coils are cooled when they are at full power?

[@krashd]

There is a "cold factory" on site at ITER, it's the huge white building and it contains three enormous helium compressors that will keep all of the conducting components of the reactor as close as possible to absolute zero.

[@steffenjespersen247]

They are cooled down first, so they become super conductive. That way they do no heat up no matter how much power you put through them. The really hard part in that regard is that on the other side of the wall is the plasma that is a few million C. And that must absolutely not cool down for it to work :) 2 extremes so close to each other. :)

[@martinultimatevw3779]

Amazing! Love to work there.

[@Tomahawk1999]

oh man everything about ITER is so complicated. i hope ITER works, the only ones butt hurt if it does will be the saudis

[@ShadeAkeley]

knowing that ITER is a proof of concept and is only supposed to be a research platform, by the time we get an actual working one generating much more than it uses, saudi arabia relevance will be long gone anyway

[@bmay8818]

@Mycel What?! Fusion is a replacement for petroleum in most cases. Not all, as we don't have good enough battery technology to have electric jumbo jets or heavy equipment yet, but that will come. Fusion will be one of the biggest game-changers in history, and not only will largely solve our electricity production needs, it'll also take care of most of the water scarcity issue.

[@ghassanalfarra8935]

@@bmay8818 that's exactly what they said about nuclear energy in the 50's and 60's

[@AKAtheA]

@@bmay8818 you seem to be forgetting that petroleum is also an irreplaceable chemical feedstock, without it - no plastics, lubrication oils and many precursors for other equally important chemicals.

[@bmay8818]

@@AKAtheA Absolutely, which is why it's so maddening that we waste so much petroleum on stupid, useless plastic crap. In 100 years when oil is $3000 a barrel, nobody will be saying "I'm so glad we made Furbies".

[@michellowies]

11 T? No 15 or more?

[@Kellnaved]

I don´t know how, but i know it took them at least 20 years to long.

[@romanchomenko2912]

Superconducting at minus 260 Celsius producing 150 million degrees Celsius of plasma tell you what I want to be far away as possible. The power source has to be independent so 500 to 1000MW and to get what a few watts of power it's been done very difficult to control.

[@mangalores-x_x]

the power levels needed are less than 10% of what you think. Iter itsself is in the order of magnitude of just 100 MW and the entire expirement is about it proving this setup can provide economically viable net energy.

[@ThunderAppeal]

'1 million times stronger than the magnetic fields of the earth.' And no one thinks this is a bad idea?

[@dubsydubs5234]

That doesn't matter there's loads of tax payers money to be grabbed. They don't even know if it'll work the only thing they're producing is a handful of billionaires. All major infrastructures like this fail everytime so I wouldn't be too worried just keep working your ass off to make those billionaires happy.

[@BerndSchnabl]

amazing !!!

[@MichaelZP1]

impressive

[@KristinBauerStuff]

to do what with it???

[@Carlos31416]

I didn't understand why it is sent from La Spezia to Marghera to be sent after that to the ITER site in south France... 🐾

[@rasmuskarlsson3555]

What is this thing for?

[@straight-outta-jutta]

It's gonna be a nuclear fusion reactor once it's finished. Basically nuclear power as we know it but safer, more efficient, less waste and literally better in any way.

[@kyotokid]

Beautiful :)

[@theater40]

why not just shrink tube it? vinyl properties not acceptable??

[@joeruiz181]

This gives me hope…

[@lijie6431]

When is going live?

[@AshutoshSingh-to9vx]

2025

[@NeovanGoth]

Amazing!

[@ahmeds7345]

Respect,

[@VencikCRP]

I mean we should all just take a moment and appreciate the invention of a duck tape in all of its forms. Seriously no human revolutionary project would become alive without it.

[@dummag4126]

E a che servono?

[@TheYoyozo]

One of those taping dudes,I swear I saw them at the Jets game last week working on Jerome Bettis.

[@CMAenergy]

Personally what you have built does not look like a Toroidal magnet as claimed by the title. (Unless this is only one segment of the Toroidal ) cross sectionally. It looks more like a huge coil of large diameter wire, My understanding of a Toroidal magnet is one where the magnetic field is enclosed inside the wound copper wires and according to science there is supposedly no magnetic field on the outside, (But my experiments have proved there is a magnetic field external ) although weak around the outside of a Toroidal magnet,

[@scifactorial5802]

The title says toroidal field not magnet so it is perfectly accurate. But as you assumed yourself this is only one segment. It's even explained in the description... And yeah obviously there is a small magnetic field outside too. I don't see anyone disputing that...

[@cocosloan3748]

Result: "We are not still there but if we build BIGGER one..."

[@xxwookey]

Improvements in superconductors and computing since this thing was designed strongly suggest that we can actually make it work with a much smaller one - something like 1/10th the size. That's good because at this scale things get _very_ expensive and slow.

[@MrManta2012]

this project is fantastic. I can see that giving a part of the project to each country will help that country raise its standards to current levels. This method is a way to bring the commonwealth of Europe to a higher standards. When Europe chooses to take on new challenges. It will be ready to become a powerhouse in the world community.

[@thePretendgineer]

It's really unfortunate that Toroidal fusion reactors were obsolete before this even began construction.

[@ValExperimenter]

Maybe but the manufacturing skills used in this project as well as the knowledge gained will be useful for something.

[@TheNefastor]

Made obsolete by what ? KZbin's crowd of "magnet motors" and "over-unity" wood-and-glue based gizmos ?

[@NabekenProG87]

Because of the Wendelstein?

[@thePretendgineer]

@@TheNefastor by literally every other design. They were obsolete in the design phase, but people still managed to convince investors to build them somehow even though the science just wasn't there.

[@TheNefastor]

@@NabekenProG87 yeah well it looks cool on paper, but if you think building a tokamak is hard, consider how much harder it would be to make a stellarator the size of ITER...

[@5eZa]

I'm skeptical about the tokamak design breaking even, due to losses in the magnetic plasma confinement. Gravity is what contains the fusion plasma in stars.

[@5eZa]

@i dunno And yet, here you are on the surface of this planet. rekt

[@rogeronslow1498]

So Italy doesn't just make pizzas.

[@d3r4g45]

Also makes billion euro ponzi schemes like this one

[@clydecox2108]

I hope it works.

[@sydnar347]

Please don't blast music over the great video

[@Felixieno_00]

Would love to see a Lipo battery generate 0.5 Tesla

[@maxpayne438]

Where are the subtitles when we need them?

[@7777PEACEMAKER]

android or ios

[@humanperson5134]

Why does iter have to be so big? Wouldn't a scale model of 1/2 or 1/4 provide the same experimental data?

[@lunkerjunkie]

They have a smaller one. It doesn't work. They believe making it bigger will change something.

[@krashd]

JET is around a quarter of the size of ITER and they have done as much as they can with JET.

[@benlawton5420]

Well, the bigger the better with fusion.

[@deep.space.12]

The physics scales literally with size. A scaled model will surely fail. There are many smaller research reactors all over the world running over the decades, and the science is pretty much well-understood for industrial production. Meanwhile some problems such as ELMs (turbulence) and runaway electron will only appear in a significant manner at the size of ITER, where smaller research reactors are unable to test. While ITER (for research) is under construction, DEMO (for production test) is already undergoing its design phase. You can Google a plot of Q (fusion "efficiency") or Lawson criterion over time, the progress has been quite "linear" (axis is logarithmic so it's actually exponential), unlike people who joke about "fusion is always 20 years in the future".

[@humanperson5134]

@@deep.space.12is there an expected timeline for DEMO? Assuming it will be the size of ITER, how many megawatts will it produce?

[@djnanneex]

The magnets product in Europe are more specifically built in Italy!! just saying..

[@africanelectron751]

So....they are made in Europe.

[@djnanneex]

@@africanelectron751 NO! yes

[@zaneh6224]

@@djnanneex Who gives a rats crack where they are built

[@djnanneex]

@@zaneh6224 not you evidently.

[@skuzlebut82]

That is beautiful work.

[@MYOB990]

So...what? Fusion in 20 years? Been there done that.

[@xxwookey]

More like 5 now. We really are getting a lot closer.

[@pvrigna]

Des sous titres en français seront bienvenus.

[@stevesloan6775]

Far out...! The scale is Tesla in vision and scale. Stunning work! 🤓🤜🏼🤛🏼🇦🇺😎🍀🍀🍀

[@jatigre1]

These technicians speak English very goodly

[@EscapeCondition]

Cool

[@vaughan.gittel]

Holy fk.... thats hectic..

[@mustafamelihkadioglu8107]

Could some body tell me ?What is the aim of all these , more precisely?What will be the real benefits of the human kinds of this planet?

[@matekochkoch]

Clean energy. When fusion reactors finally work they will produce a lot of energy, without toxic exhausts, no climate changing gases, no radioactive leftovers and no risk of a core meltdown.

[@mustafamelihkadioglu8107]

@@matekochkoch Thank you for the informations..But from now on I have a lots questions to ask..How all these thinks will happen?

[@matekochkoch]

@@mustafamelihkadioglu8107 There are two kinds of nuclear power fusion and fission. Fission is used in nuclear powerplants and in the atomic bomb. It is the use of the Energy released when atom cores of instable heavy elements decay into lighter (smaller) atoms. Fusion is the opposite: the energy released when two atom cores of light elemtnts merge together into a more heavy atom core. This is the way stars including the sun produce their energy and how hydrogen bombs work. Unfortunally light elemnts are usually rather stabel and need a huge amount of starting energy. That was allways the problem that prevented us of building a working fusion reactor. One way to get gas to the neccessary temperature to start such a reaction is to heat it up in gigantic magentic fields. And thats what this video is about. Making such magnets. If you are interested in this topic watch pysics related videos. They can tell you much more than me in a few lines. just search for words like fusion, fission, nuclear...

[@mustafamelihkadioglu8107]

@@matekochkoch Thanks a lot.Now is clear..I will do what you have advised..

[@christheother9088]

I don't want to be the guy who screws the pooch on that bad boy.

[@jwarmstrong]

When they flip the switch for First Plasma (2025) - nothing happens - a worker will say Oops they found my earring.

[@jessiedizon5860]

My theory to control the fusion is that to make like a ring in inside the fusion just like the light volt string inside the light volt if it is to control its overheating? 😇 🌏 🎭

[@benlawton5420]

What?

[@peterwill9660]

What I observed, aside from the technical aspects, is that science brought 600 people from all different religions and beliefs and parts of the world together as one. Religion, no so much.

[@iliketrains0pwned]

I love living in the future

[@tesodjukic4377]

it is sad thats only experimental

[@JF32304]

Wouldn't it be easier and cheaper to build a small one and make sure the principal works vs going and making one the size of a house? Mini ARC reactor comes to mind... Tony Stark was able to build this in a cave! With a box of scraps!!!

[@deep.space.12]

In fact, on the contrary, it is almost certain that small ones can never work. The scaling law goes directly proportional to physical size, sometimes in more powers than one. It is far better to pour all your resources into one that may work, than to many small ones (read: the many startups in the news) that are guaranteed by physics to not work. The record in fusion has been held by JET in the UK since 1997. Research over the decades improved that by around 2 times in theory, given the same size. Hence the only tried and true scaling law is physical size (and magnetic field strength, probably to the 4th power, but superconducting magnet will quench/explode at much weaker field strength than conventional magnets so there aint much you can do apart from a Nobel-worthy new discovery).

[@JF32304]

@@deep.space.12 Tony Stark was able to build this in a cave! With a box of scraps!!!

[@superdon1chw]

It's a shame they had to put so much in it.Usually you make a small one first than bigger after you prove your not just spending money to keep a job like NASA

[@rgaleny]

Without factoring in resonance in your process, you won't get optimal output !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

[@straight-outta-jutta]

You know I might be wrong but it could be that the scientist and engineers could not say everything they know and have to account for in this project in a 5 min video.

[@naaaaaa7772]

not to mention the z-pinch magnets..

[@andreabalzarini6615]

Orgoglio italiano

[@veronicathecow]

Whilst fusion would be great if it works and produces power at a reasonable cost, I can't help wondering how far advanced, solar, wind, wave geothermal energy would be if the development money spent on fusion had gone on renewables and storage instead?

[@wtfvids3472]

Free energy can be had wherever there's water... simply stick one end of a tube into the water and another end at a lower point, then fill it with water and the water will start flowing. Then attach a turbine... It can even be underground if you want. Excess water can be lifted back with no energy input needed - except water - through a series of ram pumps(where you can again generate energy if you want) and "heat lifters" for example where the sun or geothermal creates higher pressure at the bottom thus propelling the water up. This is far more efficient than wind power or wave power and far less detrimental to the environment plus far far more economical to build, maintain, etc because of no moving parts in the construction. You have ram pumps working for hundreds of years around the world with little to no maintenance needed. Pretty sure the idea is hundreds of hundreds of years old. Probably thousands. Which is probably the reason why tptb don't focus on it -- little economical gain because everyone could make these power stations and they don't cost much to produce.

[@veronicathecow]

​@Joe Average Solar can cover areas that are currently wasted, all roof spaces (can lower cooling bills as well, car parks, along side major roads and railways etc. Wind turbines (can help reduce damaging wind speeds), biomass can be used for peak energy demands whilst creating biochar to lock away carbon, tidal barrages, micro hydro, salinity differences at river/sea boarders, underwater turbines, geothermal etc.

[@deep.space.12]

Fusion funding is only a tiny fraction of the money going into these other renewable energies. And all that combined is a tiny fraction of the US' defense funding. I would argue that harnessing the power of a star at the flip of a switch is more practical than hoping the sun will shine and wind will blow when we needed the energy. When you come to think about it, all these renewable you mentioned scale with surface area (radius^2), while fusion scales with volume (radius^3). Meanwhile ITER as an research reactor can already produce 10 times more power than input. Even if scientists this generation cannot solve the problems of turbulence, they could still run the reactor at the tried and true L-mode with 5 times more output than input, with physics we already know. Imagine (or just google the specs) what DEMO can do.

[@veronicathecow]

@@deep.space.12 ITER, 10 times more power than input? Wikipedia "When supplied with 300 MW of electrical power, ITER is expected to produce the equivalent of 500 MW of thermal power sustained for up to 1,000 seconds.[22] The heat produced in ITER will not be used to generate any electricity because after accounting for losses and the 300 MW minimum power input, the output will be equivalent to a zero (net) power reactor.[5]"

[@veronicathecow]

@@deep.space.12 I wonder what power ratio I/P to O/P is needed to cover the costs of research, construction and decommissioning? I would guess hundreds to one. Fusion may not be able to scale to far as there may be limits to fuel I/P, heat removal (perhaps heat pipes will suffice) or other physical limits. Solar is very scalable, as is wind, wave, and biomass and can reduce the transmission infrastructure needed by to a degree matching production to use (IE homes and factories). Storage is coming on in leaps and bounds and there should be more work done on biomass/biochar producing energy, increasing soil fertility, carbon sequestering and generating on demand energy solving multiple issues.

[@miketaylor3559]

Just hope the greens dont take control and we have to power to switch it on. Or we wait for a windy day.

[@stevesloan6775]

As much vision and temporal restrictions in design... it really only needs too look like an endless shape... and this doesn’t. Make the detector more random physically and you’ll collect actual relative data. 🤓🤜🏼🤛🏼🍀🍀🍀

[@ankhenaten2]

*this process at a small scale has shown no excess energy creation so this big project is a failure from the start*

[@straight-outta-jutta]

No, not necessarily... We simply do not know. First nuclear fission reactors didn't work as well and had their haters. Even Einstein thought that it was impossible to harnest energy from atoms. Until the world got to know the neutron, which made everything work. You never know.

[@stevesloan6775]

Since I was a boy I always felt the important stuff was going too be stuff I couldn’t feel when I was a boy.😂🥚🐇🍀🇦🇺🤜🏼🤛🏼

[@NourMuhammad]

Hope the planet will survive after that thing fires up! and they won't suck all the electricity of the world to fire it up!

[@nchtdiemama7267]

Wrong Question. Not where. Why is Europe building this? At the beginning they tell us fusion is in 20 years ready. Now they tell us in 20 years they can produce a stable fusion. This Reactor is not build to produce energy for consumers. It's only a scientific reactor. It's a grave for billion of euros. In England there's a factory there are building small reactors for less than ITER costs...

[@d3r4g45]

Salaries until retirement. That's why this project.

[@codediporpal]

So... maybe 30 years? No, but seriously, is this thing even supposed to work in theory?

[@straight-outta-jutta]

In theory yes. Our sun does it all the time. It is just incredibly difficult to create conditions similar to that of the core of the sun here on Earth in a stable and controlled way. But that seems logical

[@erikandersson1647]

That's an incredible technical achievement! Too bad it's not going to work ...

[@poruatokin]

And your qualifications are....?

[@steveelliott7742]

humans can't make a microwave oven to cook food evenly and they think they can build a fusion reactor rofl

[@stevechance150]

A giant machine for consuming taxes and converting it into corporate profits. And I'm pretty sure they should be using the stellarator design instead.